Societal Studies最新文献

{"title":"FULFILMENT OF SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS NEEDS IN MODERN HEALTHCARE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE","authors":"Mateusz Dąsal, Radosław Łazarz","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-08","url":null,"abstract":"Health services and their institutions are rarely seen as places where “soft” cultural matters have importance. The classical European paradigm of evidence-based medicine perceives human beings from a biological rather than a spiritual perspective. However, challenges in contemporary Europe (and also in the whole world) show us that we cannot ignore religious differences in any kinds of public spaces. Eastern European countries have lost their monoreligious character, and there is a growing number of patients from different cultures and religious traditions. Western European countries that face mass refugee movements also need to adapt their health services to the religious demands of both foreign and domestic patients (including those with acquired citizenship). It is a significant challenge to the legal system as well, with a growing need for structural and systemic solutions. The academic education of future health service specialists should, meanwhile, be adjusted in line with these factors and include more courses on interreligious communication, bearing in mind the lack of proper handbooks for these professions in the Eastern European area at least.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115242446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PHENOMENON OF OUTSOURCING: IMPORTANCE OF ITS USAGE FOR STIMULATING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY","authors":"K. Kosinova","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-09","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on an analysis of the legal and economic nature of outsourcing, the definition of its characteristics, and the separation criteria for differentiating the various types of outsourcing. In this work, the author analyses the opinions of different scientists on possible methods of definition for outsourcing and offers her own. In addition, a proposal for considering outsourcing as an object of state industrial policy is provided as a means of developing the national economy, as well as attracting innovation and access to the latest technologies and developments through the receipt of orders from TNCs and the further expansion of the production function, which is considered new in Ukraine. Economic-legal means of state policy are proposed to stimulate the use of outsourcing and attract foreign innovation, including public-private partnerships, the provision of customs privileges and the creation of free trade zones for the development and adoption of special legislation.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132056224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE “ICON-LIKE” APPROACH TO VISUALISATION OF OPPOSING IMAGERY IN A SIBERIAN TEXT IN ILLUSTRATIONS BY SERGEY ELOYAN FOR VIKTOR ASTAFYEV’S THE TSAR FISH","authors":"N. Panina, N. Bartosh","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-04","url":null,"abstract":"A developed tradition of illustrating Siberian texts in Russian literature makes it possible to identify several approaches and corresponding principles for interpreting texts through illustrations. The approach examined in this article can be for convenience called an “icon-like” as it focuses on the Orthodox tradition in visual arts and is related to corresponding iconographic patterns in illustration. One of the key representatives of this approach is an Irkutsk artist Sergey Eloyan, who turned to the art of book illustration in 2003 within a large-scale project by Gennady Sapronov aimed at publishing the most outstanding works by Siberian writers. An edition of The Tsar Fish by Viktor Astafyev ranks significantly in this series. As the book is very complex in terms of genre, the “icon-like” approach became a means for the artist to visualise the liminal chronotope and paradoxical nature of Astafyev’s images when illustrating the piece. Moreover, Eloyan challenged a certain tradition for illustrating Astafyev’s books which complicated the artist’s task. Established in the Soviet period when Astafyev’s works were subjected to severe censorship, that tradition of illustrating did not allow to reveal the fundamental for the author inseparability of the beautiful and unbearable, the substance of life and the substance of death through a set of pictorial imagery. When freed from the shackles of censorship in the post-Soviet period, The Tsar Fish turned out to be saturated with completely polar imagery: the beautiful and disgusting, the high and low do not simply coexist, but merge into something inseparable. It would appear very difficult to even imagine an integral concept of illustration that could translate such a wide range of emotions into static imagery. Since the beginning of the 2000s, however, two attempts have been made to create a systematic pictorial set of images for The Tsar Fish. The first of these are Eloyan’s illustrations, and the second those of Oleg Mikhailov in 2013. Both of these are conceptual interpretations of the task of visualising an artistic text at the junction of traditional and new approaches of book illustration, made from different perspectives.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131008800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISING AGREEMENT IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES","authors":"D. Kosinova","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes different approaches, both theoretical and normative, to the construction of the international franchise agreement; in particular the legal nature of an international franchising agreement in the field of higher education is defined, namely: its subject, rights and obligations of the parties, their responsibility. The work focuses on such concepts as autonomy and self-government of higher educational institutions as necessary components for the realization of their powers to conclude international franchising agreements in the field of higher education with reference to the experience of foreign countries. The analysis of provisions of national legislation in the field of higher education is made, in the regulation of an international franchising agreement, a definition of this agreement in the field of higher education and the way of implementing such an agreement on the national market of Ukraine are proposed. The methods, which are used in this research, have systemic nature, which is manifested in the application of various methods of knowledge, depending on specific aspects of the study. In the course of the research a number of general-scientific and special methods were used, namely: comparative-legal, system-structural, logical-legal, technical-legal, method of forecasting and modeling.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130950791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE COLLISION OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN BELIEF IN THE EARLY POETRY OF BERNARDAS BRAZDŽIONIS","authors":"Silvija Rakutienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-05","url":null,"abstract":"Looking back at the first half of the 20th century reveals the subjective conception of religiosity in Lithuanian poetry. During the interwar period, the works of Fr. P. Jakas and the philosophers S. Salkauskis and A. Maceina, who examined the social aspects of Catholicism, helped ideas of Catholic modernism to emerge in Lithuania. The concept of Lithuanian neo-Catholicism is based on the validation of the search for personal faith and for a middle ground between Thomistic transcendentalism and modernistic immanentism. This concept changes the usual religious poetry, the essence of which is the interpretation of the truths of faith and the glorification of the Lord. Modern poetry reveals a more personal, deeper relationship with faith and religion, determined by the deliberate self-determination of a mind-conscious person. This impulse is particularly evident in the pre-exile creations (1924-1944) of one of the most famous Lithuanian poets, Bernardas Brazdžionis. Publications of his early poems drew on the tone of prayer, the relation with God was rather traditional and even acting as a kind of template – it is a poetry of praise, thanksgiving and sacrifice. However, the modern human being of the early 20th century was no longer able to experience the Deity immanently. Natural, rustic, agricultural religiosity through which a person could perceive the Creator in manifestations of creation was lost. Thus, in later texts, the disturbed and restless man in the poems of Brazdžionis feels existential loneliness and begins to seek dialogue with the Lord, longing for unity with the Transcendent. This unity is perceived as the only way to realise the meaning of human existence. The poet enables his subject to become a seeker of God, giving him the right to doubt and question, reject or accept, and attempt to rewrite the biblical story. He views religion as a sign of culture and strives to restore the original essence of faith, to experience the catharsis of the believer. The modern understanding of the relationship between belief and being religious helps Brazdžionis to observe some sort of separation between society and God, the hypocrisy of people, inability and unwillingness to live according to God’s laws. He considers the issue of true and figurative religiosity, confronting sincere prayer and cold religious rituals. The poems of Bernard Brazdžionis, steeped in ideas of neo-Catholicism, enrich Lithuanian religious poetry. The existential interpretation of Christianity allows this poet to be regarded as a representative of Catholic existentialism in Lithuanian literature.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123341015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS MUSIC: CAN SECULAR (PROFANUM) BE SACRED?","authors":"Danutė Kalavinskaitė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-01","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the ages, Christians have imposed certain requirements on the music of rites, from which the criteria for sacred (church) music developed. According to documents of the Catholic Church, dance, humour, noise, theatricality, platitudes, idle talk, experimentation, disturbing strangeness and entertainment are inconsistent with the sacred purpose of church music. The idea is that music should be noble, serious, meditative, harmonious and in tune with the spirit of religious services, according to the example of Gregorian chant and classical polyphony. These criteria are at least partially applicable to new genres of religious music that developed in the 19th century. In the 20th century, more religious art appeared, particularly in secular spaces. The fading concept that God and what was sacred could only appear in the Church is consistent with Catholic theology after the Second Vatican Council. Liturgical reform opened doors for new church music, according to liturgical texts in native languages. The inculturation of religion began – every nation can worship Jesus following its own traditions. Folklore and popular melodies also appeared alongside traditional styles of Catholic Church music, with jazz, folk and other types of mass created (such as the Missa Luba, Missa Criolla, Missa Flamenca and Hootenanny Mass). Nowadays, various styles of music are performed in churches. Contradictions are increasing. On the one hand, researchers study the influence of various styles of music on people’s physiology and psychology as a physical irritant (see Basil Cole’s study “Music and Morals”, 1993). On the other hand, Christianity is first of all based on the word (text), so hard rock fans are convinced that they can also preach Christian truths: “powerful idea is consistent with the powerful music” (Benas Ulevicius). Their opponents claim that hard rock and similar music have a destructive influence on those who listen to it “through the melody, rhythm, the performers’ behaviour, what the stage and concert locality look like and the sound intensity”, so “Christian hard rock” is an impossible thing (Rev. Oskaras Petras Volskis). In the 20th century, the sphere of professional music art also underwent essential changes. According to Robert Liebrand, the painful experience of the two world wars and opposition to the culture of entertainment influenced the change in aesthetical paradigms, with noise, shouting, dissonant sounds and other things not usually linked with divine harmony appearing in religious music. The change in aesthetical criteria created new possibilities for expressions of religious music (even in liturgy); expressiveness that enables us to demonstrate existential human experience not only helps us to cope with them, but also to expand the narrow frame of “beauty” as one of the interesting musical constructions, technological exercises or pleasant sounds. As Feliksas Bajoras, the composer of Missa in Musica, claims, “nowadays man is so ","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132819615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LITERATURE AND CHRISTIANITY: THE ASPECT OF THEODICY","authors":"Dalia Čiočytė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-02","url":null,"abstract":"Literature is a form of human consciousness, so the main question raised by literary theological thought is more concerned with the human being than with God. Literature interprets and seeks to explain the existential experience of the individual and society. God appears in the context of literary introspection when artistic thought seeks for the ontological essence and existential meaning of being human. The theology of literature investigates the literary interpretation of the origin and sense of existence, and holds literature to be a variant of the individual theological quest, namely an existential test for the Christian doctrine. The main collision between literature and Christianity (the traditional Western religion) is the justification of God in the context of evil. This paradox is investigated through theodicy, a philosophical and theological attempt to reconcile the traditional divine characteristics of omnibenevolence, omnipotence and omniscience with the occurrence of evil or suffering in the human world. The contradiction between the omnipotence of God and the evil that exists in the world is the main question concerning the existential experience of God, and a question that provokes literary thought. Literary theology (theological thought seen in literary works, a form of the so-called theology of experience) considers the paradox of God’s love and existential evil, and the possibilities for the justification of God in the face of innocent suffering. Many literary works, from Dante to contemporary literature, raise the theodic issue. The apexes of literary theodicy are works by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Brothers Karamazov, 1880) and Albert Camus (La Peste, 1947). Literary theodicy artistically points to the depth of the problem of innocent suffering.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127469675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIAN LITERATURE FOR ADOLESCENTS VIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE","authors":"Asta Gustaitienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-06","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses contemporary Lithuanian literature for adolescents from the perspective of theology. In recent years, the religious theme has become fairly popular in such literature. Examples that can be used to illustrate this include outstanding books of Lithuanian contemporary realistic literature for adolescents, including “Verksnių klubas” by Ilona Ežerinytė, “Mirties vandenynas” by Nijolė Kepenienė, and “Nebaigtas dienorastis” and “Baltos durys” by Vytautas Racickas. The research is mainly focused on a psychological realistic novel written by Rebeka Una, “Siandien, astuntą valandą”, because this book is strong in artistic terms and strongly reveals the Christian context. The aim is to reveal how a teenager’s relationship with God is portrayed in some of the best Lithuanian writing for adolescents, and how their Christian faith helps them get through their most difficult life experiences. The interpretive-descriptive method of data analysis is used in the research.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129132366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS FOR COGNITION OF SOCIAL NORMS","authors":"Mindaugas Verbickas","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society undergoes such rapid transformations, leading to social norms and institutions being faced with difficulties relating to adaptation. The question arises of whether psychoanalysis can be useful for the settlement of ethical and legal dilemmas related to the transformations of modern society. Even if the psychoanalytical process and social norms do not share the same goals, they meet in the Oedipal phase, because it is there, in the context of the prohibition of incest, that we find the first requirement that supposes the existence of moral law. Can data obtained in the process of psychoanalysis and examining a person’s mental well-being be used as an argument to substantiate the cited transformations? Aren’t certain value-based, institutional and legal transformations of modern society the result of the at least partial influence of data obtained during the process of psychoanalysis? However, unconscious meanings received as data in the psychoanalytic process and social norms are two completely different spaces: the moralist’s power is always in the norms, but the outcome of a psychoanalytical process does not anticipate making patient moral. The process of psychoanalysis accomplishes the function of liberating the morality of guilt and changing the relation with social norms.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BETWEEN LITERATURE AND RELIGION: SILVER AGE IDEAS APPLIED TO MODERNITY – POETIC OUTLOOK AS A TYPE OF RELIGIOSITY?","authors":"O. Tabachnikova","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-1-03","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the role of literature in Russia has been disproportionally large, because literature there served as ‘the only podium from which the nation can speak about its pain’.1 Russian literary discourse thus absorbed almost all other discourses, including those of philosophy and religion. A merger of religious philosophy with literature came to be particularly visible during the Russian Silver Age, with its new religious search and change of cultural paradigm. Lev Shestov, a religious-philosophical thinker of the time, conventionally viewed as an irrationalist and a precursor of Sartrean existentialism, assigned a common religious experience to almost every hero of his philosophical-literary essays, including Russian classical writers and Western philosophers.2 This experience, which Shestov regarded as invariably traumatic, leads – via catharsis – to a re-evaluation of values and ultimately to faith, and results in great artistic and philosophical revelations. Despite the problematic nature of such a treatment, it can nevertheless be methodologically useful because of the perception of literary production as growing from an essentially religious root. In this paper, we suggest applying this to major Russian poets of modernity, most notably to Joseph Brodsky, to see if poetic outlook is indeed akin to religious sensibility. On the other hand, Freudian theories that deem artistic inspiration to be a sublimation of libido can be linked to the ideas of another religious-philosophical thinker of the Silver Age – Vasilii Rozanov – who placed human sexuality next to divinity. At the same time, another thinker of that epoch – Boris Vysheslavtsev – argued for the animosity of the Freudian approach to Russian cultural consciousness, and especially to categories of love, artistic creativity and religion. The aim of this paper is to study the interplay between religious and poetic outlooks through the prism of these conflicting opinions in the framework of the correlation between religion and culture in the Russian context.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132186443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}