文学与基督教:神正论方面

Dalia Čiočytė
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文学是人类意识的一种形式,因此文学神学思想提出的主要问题更多地是关于人而不是上帝的。文学阐释并试图解释个人和社会的存在经验。在艺术思想寻求人的本体论本质和存在意义的过程中,上帝出现在文学反思的语境中。文学神学研究文学对起源和存在感的解释,认为文学是个人神学追求的一种变体,即对基督教教义的存在性检验。文学与基督教(西方传统宗教)之间的主要冲突是在邪恶的背景下为上帝辩护。这一悖论是通过神学正义论来研究的,神学正义论是一种哲学和神学尝试,旨在调和人类世界中发生的邪恶或苦难的无所不知、无所不能和无所不知的传统神圣特征。上帝的全能与世间存在的邪恶之间的矛盾,是关于上帝存在经验的主要问题,也是引发文学思考的问题。文学神学(文学作品中的神学思想,所谓经验神学的一种形式)考虑上帝的爱与存在的邪恶之间的悖论,以及上帝在面对无辜苦难时为其辩护的可能性。从但丁到当代文学,许多文学作品都提出了神的问题。文学神学的顶峰是陀思妥耶夫斯基(兄弟卡拉马佐夫,1880年)和阿尔贝加缪(害虫,1947年)的作品。文学神正论在艺术上指出了无辜苦难问题的深度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
LITERATURE AND CHRISTIANITY: THE ASPECT OF THEODICY
Literature is a form of human consciousness, so the main question raised by literary theological thought is more concerned with the human being than with God. Literature interprets and seeks to explain the existential experience of the individual and society. God appears in the context of literary introspection when artistic thought seeks for the ontological essence and existential meaning of being human. The theology of literature investigates the literary interpretation of the origin and sense of existence, and holds literature to be a variant of the individual theological quest, namely an existential test for the Christian doctrine. The main collision between literature and Christianity (the traditional Western religion) is the justification of God in the context of evil. This paradox is investigated through theodicy, a philosophical and theological attempt to reconcile the traditional divine characteristics of omnibenevolence, omnipotence and omniscience with the occurrence of evil or suffering in the human world. The contradiction between the omnipotence of God and the evil that exists in the world is the main question concerning the existential experience of God, and a question that provokes literary thought. Literary theology (theological thought seen in literary works, a form of the so-called theology of experience) considers the paradox of God’s love and existential evil, and the possibilities for the justification of God in the face of innocent suffering. Many literary works, from Dante to contemporary literature, raise the theodic issue. The apexes of literary theodicy are works by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Brothers Karamazov, 1880) and Albert Camus (La Peste, 1947). Literary theodicy artistically points to the depth of the problem of innocent suffering.
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