Veterinary dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Claw growth rates in a subset of adult, indoor, domestic cats (Felis catus).","authors":"Elena T Contreras, Kate Bruner, Courtney Hegwer, Andrew Simpson","doi":"10.1111/vde.13335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Keratinised tissues, such as nails and claws, accumulate hormones over time; the claws' hormone concentrations are being explored as potential biomarkers. Timelines for hormone deposition can be established if claw growth rates are known. Hormone concentration within cat claws has been recently evaluated, yet the growth rates of cat claws remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To estimate the growth rate of adult cats' claws, we hypothesised that front claw growth rates would differ from those of rear claws.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Seventeen client-owned, indoor, neutered, adult cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cats' claws were clipped and then measured lengthwise. Claws were repeatedly measured over time with repeat claw trims after approximately 1 month, followed by repeat measurements. Average claw growth rates were calculated for three digit groups: forelimb digit 1, forelimb digits 2-5 (front) and hind limb (rear). Growth rates of the front compared to the rear and digit 1 were compared through linear mixed effects regression modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The daily mean claw growth rates were 0.13 mm for front and digit 1, and 0.08 mm for rear. The growth rate of rear claws was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than for front claws; rear claws grew, on average, 0.04 mm less per day than front claws.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Our study provides the first measurement of claw growth rates in cats. The significantly slower growth rate of rear claws compared to front claws should be considered when evaluating metabolites within cat claws.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of filaggrin 2 expression in dogs with atopic dermatitis before and after oclacitinib maleate administration.","authors":"Wendie Roldan Villalobos, Tássia Ferreira, Fernanda Borek, Domenico Santoro, Lluis Ferrer, Marconi Farias","doi":"10.1111/vde.13334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic, inflammatory, multifactorial and pruritic disease. The presence of skin barrier impairment (e.g. filaggrin alterations), along with abnormal immune responses, can negatively impact cutaneous barrier function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the filaggrin 2 (FLG2) expression in atopic dogs before and after the administration of oclacitinib maleate.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Sixteen privately owned dogs with a diagnosis of cAD and 10 healthy control dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Oclacitinib maleate monotherapy at 0.5 mg/kg, orally, twice-daily for the first 14 days and once-daily for 16 additional days, was administered to the atopic dogs. Skin biopsies from lesional and nonlesional skin were obtained from atopic dogs on Day(D)0 and D30 and from the same anatomical locations from the control group on D0. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed using a primary custom-made anti-canine-filaggrin 2 polyclonal antibody. Immunolabelled slides were scanned and FLG2 expression was measured. Data were analysed and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a higher FLG2 expression in control skin when compared with atopic skin (lesional and nonlesional) on D0 (p = 0.033). FLG2 expression comparison between control and D30 (nonlesional) did not show a significant difference (p = 0.509). A significant increase in FLG2 expression in atopic nonlesional skin on D30 compared with nonlesional skin on D0 was also observed (p = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Oclacitinib maleate could have a positive impact on cutaneous barrier structure, improving FLG2 expression by decreasing inflammation and cutaneous trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of canine external ear canal lesions using artificial intelligence.","authors":"Neoklis Apostolopoulos, Samuel Murray, Srikanth Aravamuthan, Dörte Döpfer","doi":"10.1111/vde.13332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early and accurate diagnosis of otitis externa is crucial for correct management yet can often be challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a valuable diagnostic tool in human medicine. Currently, no such tool is available in veterinary dermatology/otology.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As a proof-of-concept, we developed and evaluated a novel YOLOv5 object detection model for identifying healthy ear canals, otitis or masses in the canine ear canal.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Digital images of ear canals from dogs with healthy ears, otitis and masses in the ear canal were used.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four variants of the YOLOv5 model were trained, each using a different training dataset. The prediction performance metrics used to evaluate them include F1/confidence-curves, mean average precision (mAP50), precision (P), recall (R) and average precision (AP) for accuracy. These are quantifiable performance metrics used to evaluate the efficacy of each variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All four variants were capable of detecting and classifying the ear canal. However, training datasets with many duplicates (A and C) inflated performance metrics as a consequence of data leakage, potentially compromising their effectiveness on unseen images. Additionally, larger datasets (without duplicates) demonstrated superior performance metrics compared to model variants trained on smaller datasets (without duplicates).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This novel AI object detection model has the potential for application in the field of veterinary dermatology. An external validation study is needed prior to clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel for the treatment of generalised demodicosis in dogs.","authors":"Csilla Becskei, Julian Liebenberg, Tiago Fernandes, Stasia Borowski, Lina D'Hanis, Sean P Mahabir","doi":"10.1111/vde.13305","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Demodicosis is common in dogs and is caused by proliferation of commensal Demodex canis mites.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of sarolaner in combination with moxidectin and pyrantel (SMP) for the treatment of generalised demodicosis in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>One hundred and thirty dogs with generalised demodicosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In two separate randomised masked studies (laboratory and field studies), dogs received monthly oral SMP or afoxolaner + milbemycin oxime (AM). In the laboratory study, dogs received three monthly treatments with biweekly mite counts and clinical evaluations. In the field study, mite counts and clinical evaluations were performed monthly and treatments were administered until two consecutive skin scrapings were negative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both products were tolerated well. In the laboratory study, mite counts for SMP were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by 88.8% on Day (D)14, by 99.2% on D29, and no live mites were detected thereafter with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.96) between the two treatment groups. In the field study, SMP provided 92.4%, 98.1%, 100% and 100% reduction in arithmetic mean live mite counts on D30, D60, D90 and D120, and was non-inferior to the control product on D30 and D60. Clinical signs of demodicosis improved in all dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Monthly administration of SMP was effective for the treatment of generalised demodicosis in dogs as it eliminated Demodex mites after two monthly treatments in the laboratory study, and at most after three monthly treatments in the field study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective evaluation of hospital-acquired skin lesions in dogs: A case-control study.","authors":"Esther Gómez-Soto, Vicente Herrería-Bustillo, Pau Delhom-Alcoy, Carolina Oliver-Ballester, Tania Zapata-Debón, Adrián Martínez-Molina, Iván Ravera","doi":"10.1111/vde.13311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-related dermatological conditions are well-studied and reported in human medicine. However, studies about these dermatological disorders in veterinary medicine are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the incidence, type and distribution of hospital-acquired skin lesions (HASL) in dogs, and to investigate risk factors that may be associated with their development.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Hospitalised client-owned dogs with HASL and a control group of hospitalised dogs without skin lesions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective clinical evaluation of all HASL and dermatological tests, when indicated, were performed, over 6 months. A variety of potentially predisposing factors also were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one dogs with HASL and a matched control group of 60 hospitalised dogs without skin lesions were included. The incidence of HASL was 11.2% (31 of 278). The most common lesion was erythema in 74.2% of dogs (23 of 31) and the most affected area was the abdomen in 58.1% (18 of 31) of dogs. Faecal and/or urinary incontinence was identified as an important risk factor for the development of skin lesions during hospitalisation (odds ratio 14.445, 95% confidence interval 1.444-144.479, p = 0.023). Immobilisation and changes in body temperature also may play a role in the development of such lesions in dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Faecal and/or urinary incontinence was found to be an important factor in the development of HASL. The impact of HASL on patient outcomes and the prevention of these lesions requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative paraneoplastic alopecia in a cat with apocrine adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Camila Gottlieb Lupion, Maiara Scapini Bazotti, Igor Ribeiro Dos Santos, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini, Anelise Bonilla Trindade-Gerardi, Daniel Guimarães Gerardi","doi":"10.1111/vde.13313","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline paraneoplastic alopecia is associated with intraabdominal neoplasms. A 13-year-old female cat was presented with a history of a cutaneous mass on the head, followed by ventrally distributed alopecia with shiny skin. Necropsy revealed an apocrine adenocarcinoma and telogenisation/miniaturisation of the hair follicles, respectively. These findings are consistent with paraneoplastic alopecia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus in two mixed breed littermates.","authors":"Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, Aurora Livia Ursache, Corina Toma, Andrada Negoescu, Stefan Jonas Rietmann, Tosso Leeb, Marie-Christine Cadiergues","doi":"10.1111/vde.13301","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE) is the rarest variant of cutaneous lupus in dogs and has strong breed predilections. This report presents the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of two ECLE cases in mixed breed littermates and confirms the expected genetic mutation. A therapeutic response to oclacitinib also is documented.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalence in intradermal reactions to histamine and compound 48/80 in dogs before and after sedation with dexmedetomidine or a 1:20 combination of medetomidine and vatinoxan.","authors":"Domenico Santoro, Raiane A Moura, Stuart R McKenzie, Ludovica Chiavaccini","doi":"10.1111/vde.13306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intradermal allergen testing (IDAT) is commonly used to formulate allergen-specific immunotherapy, a pillar treatment for canine atopic dermatitis. Many sedatives have shown histaminergic or anti-histaminergic effects and thus been deemed unsuitable for IDAT.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study was to determine whether, in healthy dogs, dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor) or a 1:20 combination of medetomidine and vatinoxan (Zenalpha) will affect intradermal reactions compared to unsedated dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Ten privately owned healthy dogs were enrolled in this equivalence study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Wheal formation was subjectively and objectively assessed in conscious then sedated dogs. Dogs were randomly sedated with either Dexdomitor (dexmedetomidine [0.5 mg/m²]) or Zenalpha (medetomidine [1 mg/m²/vatinoxan] 20 mg/m²) intramuscularly. Once sedated, five 10-fold histamine (100-0.01 μg/mL) and compound 48/80 (200-0.02 μg/mL) dilutions were intradermally injected into the lateral thorax. The study was repeated on the opposite side with the alternative sedation 1 week later. Quality of sedation, cardiorespiratory function and rectal temperature were recorded every 5 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in the median values of the reactions with either sedative when compared to unsedated dogs. Dexdomitor and Zenalpha achieved an equivalence in both subjective and objective scoring systems for all concentrations tested. A faster median time to sedation (10 vs. 18 min, p = 0.013) was seen with Zenalpha compared to Dexdomitor. Although both sedatives depressed the cardiovascular function, such parameters were less affected by Zenalpha than by Dexdomitor (p ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Owing to the lack of effects on wheal formation, both sedatives are appropriate for sedating dogs undergoing IDAT. Although, such results should be validated in allergic dogs. Zenalpha may induce more rapid and reliable sedation than Dexdomitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of an oral chew containing fibre and Bacillus velezensis C-3102 in the management of anal sac impaction in dogs.","authors":"Marta Salichs, Shea Beasley, Josep Homedes","doi":"10.1111/vde.13304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anal sac impaction is common in dogs. Manual expression may be effective, yet recurrence can be problematic. To facilitate physiological emptying of the sacs, it is important to maintain bulky stool consistency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study evaluated if supplementation with a complementary feed product formulated as a chew containing Bacillus velezensis C-3102 and fibre sources, reduced anal sac impaction recurrence.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Thirty-five client-owned dogs with anal sac impaction were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective, randomised, negative controlled field clinical trial with 22 dogs receiving the chew orally for 90 consecutive days and 13 dogs with no treatment. Dogs were evaluated on Day (D) 30, 60, 90 and 120 for the presence of clinical signs of anal sac impaction and the need to empty the sacs. Any animal that required manual expression of the sacs was classified as a failure and was withdrawn from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative percentage of failures in the untreated group increased steadily from the first follow-up visit on D30 (15%) to the last visit on D120 (61.5%). However, in the group receiving the chew the cumulative percentage of failures increased at a much slower rate and stabilised at 19% from the D90 visit (last administration day) until the end of the study on D120, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.025). Animals receiving the chew also showed reduction in clinical signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>The probiotic and fibre chew was a safe and effective management option for recurrent anal sac impaction in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus felis C4 exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a novel canine skin explant model.","authors":"Mayane Faccin, Alan M O'Neill, Sara D Lawhon, Kate A Worthing, Dominique J Wiener, Richard L Gallo, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann","doi":"10.1111/vde.13308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine superficial pyoderma is a common bacterial skin infection of dogs, generally caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The C4 strain of Staphylococcus felis was recently discovered to have strong antimicrobial activity against S. pseudintermedius in mice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate in vitro if this antimicrobial activity was maintained using a novel canine skin explant model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Punch biopsies (8 mm) of skin from recently euthanised dogs were collected and placed into six-well plates on top of an agarose pedestal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological examination of the skin explants showed an intact dermal-epidermal organisation and a stratum corneum that was successfully colonised by S. pseudintermedius after topical application. The number of colony forming units of S. pseudintermedius showed a 2 log increase after 24 h colonisation, indicating that the explant supported bacterial growth. By contrast, co-treatment with S. felis C4 live bacteria and its sterile protein product significantly reduced the growth of a methicillin-susceptible (ST540, p = 0.0357) and a methicillin-resistant (MR) strain (ST71, p = 0.0143) of S. pseudintermedius. No detectable bacteria were recovered from or visualised on skin 24 h posttreatment with the S. felis C4 sterile protein product.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Using a novel canine explant model, we demonstrate that the S. felis C4 strain inhibits the growth of S. pseudintermedius and that it is a promising candidate for a new probiotic therapy to treat cutaneous infections caused by S. pseudintermedius, including MR strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}