Veterinary dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Treatment Choices for Acute Canine Otitis Externa in Sweden, Finland and Norway: A Comparative Study With a Focus on Antibiotic Use.","authors":"Kaisa Saarinen, Ditte Ljungquist, Riitta Seppänen, Mirja Kaimio, Anna-Maria Andersson","doi":"10.1111/vde.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine otitis externa (COE) is one of the most frequently recorded disorders in veterinary practices, making it an important focus for antibiotic stewardship.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To investigate and compare treatment regimens for acute COE in Finland, Norway and Sweden, with a focus on antibiotic use.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>1060 dogs with acute COE lasting for ≤ 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a multicentre cross-sectional study based on a point prevalence survey conducted among Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian veterinary surgeons within a corporate group during spring 2024. In the survey, each practice had been asked to include the first 20 consecutive cases of acute COE and register information about their diagnostic and therapeutic management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, antibiotic treatment was used in 18% of cases (190 of 1060 dogs), predominantly topical, with systemic use only reported in six cases. Antibiotic use was significantly higher in Norway (28%) and Finland (29%) than in Sweden (2%; p < 0.001). The most frequently used antibiotic was polymyxin B. Antibiotic treatment was more strongly associated with cytological findings, especially the presence of neutrophils and rods, than with clinical presentation. Overall, glucocorticoid treatment was used in 94% and ear cleaner in 89% of cases, with some differences between countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>In this study, most acute COE cases were managed with glucocorticoids and ear cleaners without antibiotics. Swedish practices stood out with a notably low antibiotic use of 2%. Our results provide valuable information on antibiotic use for acute COE in three Nordic countries, inspiring future antibiotic stewardship efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"806-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Review of Rush Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Safety in Cats With Atopic Skin Syndrome.","authors":"A Wirkkala, W Rosenkrantz, C Mendelsohn, C Griffin, S Schaufele, M Burrows","doi":"10.1111/vde.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rush immunotherapy (RIT) accelerates the induction phase of allergen-specific immunotherapy treatment (ASIT) by administering incrementally increasing allergen doses over a single day. This approach reduces the time required to maintenance dosing. Safety information in cats with atopic skin syndrome (FASS) remains limited.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of RIT in cats with hypersensitivity disease compatible with FASS and to describe the frequency and nature of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Forty-seven client-owned cats that underwent RIT.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A multicentre medical record review from 2019 to 2024 was performed to identify cats that met at least six of 10 criteria for non-flea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis and were therefore considered consistent with a diagnosis of FASS. All included cats received documented flea prevention and underwent elimination diet trials. Data collected included signalment, medical history, concurrent medications, RIT protocol details, monitoring findings and follow-up communication. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In three of 47 cats (6.4%), AEs were observed including tachypnoea, behavioural distress and increased pruritus. In one cat, RIT was discontinued before protocol completion. All affected cats transitioned to maintenance ASIT without recurrence of AEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Rush immunotherapy appears to be safe in cats with FASS when performed with clinical monitoring. Adverse events were infrequent, mild and self-limiting, supporting use of accelerated induction protocols in appropriately selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"729-734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Antimicrobial Use in Small Animal Dermatology Referral Practices in the United States.","authors":"Domenico Santoro, Emma R Bollig, Jennifer L Granick","doi":"10.1111/vde.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health concern driven by antimicrobial use. Dermatological conditions are common reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions in small animal practice, yet data on prescribing patterns in veterinary dermatology referral settings are lacking.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To characterise the frequency, types and indications for antimicrobial use in dogs and cats seen by board-certified or residency-trained first-opinion veterinary surgeons in the United States.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Medical record data about 550 client-owned animals (479 dogs, 71 cats) presenting to 22 US veterinary dermatology referral practices were included.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective, cross-sectional point-prevalence study was conducted in August 2023. Each clinic enrolled the first 25 consecutive dogs or cats evaluated by a referral clinician. Data collected included clinical diagnoses, antimicrobial and antiseptic prescriptions and diagnostic testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antimicrobials were prescribed in 54.9% (302 of 550) of cases. Third-generation cephalosporins accounted for 43.9% (54 of 123) of systemic antibiotics to dogs. Of topical antimicrobials prescribed for otitis externa associated with bacteria only or yeast only, 36.4% (20 of 55) were a combination formulation containing both an antibiotic and an antifungal. Antiseptics were prescribed in 62.7% of cases. Cytological investigation was performed in 86.3% of conditions treated with antimicrobials, whereas bacterial culture was used in only 15.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This study provides a benchmark for antimicrobial use in veterinary dermatology referral practices. Findings highlight opportunities to align prescribing with updated guidelines to reduce reliance on broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics, favouring topical therapies and underscore the need for narrow-spectrum topical options.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"581-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent Light Energy (FLE) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma (CTCL).","authors":"S Nowell, O Fantini, A Roman, C Milley, J Watson, C Bauer","doi":"10.1111/vde.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluorescent light energy (FLE; Phovia, Vetoquinol) is a photobiomodulation therapy that promotes healing and reduces inflammation. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CTCL) is a neoplastic skin disease with limited treatment options. Although FLE is not considered genotoxic, its use in neoplastic conditions is off-label.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>To assess the safety and clinical effect of FLE as an adjunctive treatment for canine CTCL.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eight client-owned dogs were diagnosed with CTCL via biopsy analysis and immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Each dog had one CTCL lesion treated with FLE with a lesion serving as a vehicle-control. Treatments were administered weekly for 6 weeks, followed by 3 months follow-up. Focal nodular lesions were assessed weekly using Response Evaluation Criteria of Solid Tumours (RECIST), while diffuse lesions were evaluated using the Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma Extent and Severity Index (CELESI). Owner-perceived efficacy and quality of life were assessed using the Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) and a quality-of-life (QoL) survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences in estimated marginal means were observed between sites at any time point (p > 0.05). Within-subject analyses suggested more favourable lesion progression at FLE-treated sites, and 75% of RECIST-evaluated FLE lesions maintained stable disease. Diffuse FLE-treated lesions demonstrated clinical severity reductions of ≤ 35.3%. Over 66% of owners rated treatment response as 'fair' to 'excellent' on the OGATE. One dog was withdrawn at Week 3 as a consequence of unrelated worsening.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>FLE appears to be a safe adjunctive therapy for canine CTCL, although statistically significant treatment effects were not demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"788-796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous Equine Sarcoidosis: A Case Series and Investigation Into a Potential Association With Equine Gammaherpesviruses-2 and -5 in 30 Equids.","authors":"Celine Garandeau, Christopher P Champion, Manigandan Lejeune, Jeanine Peters-Kennedy","doi":"10.1111/vde.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gammaherpesviruses have been associated with granulomatous inflammation in the skin of various species. Equine sarcoidosis (idiopathic granulomatous disease) can cause granulomatous dermatitis, and its cause remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to investigate the possible association between equine gammaherpesviruses-2 and -5 (EHV-2, -5) and cutaneous equine sarcoidosis (cES).</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Thirty client-owned equids.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All animals had histologically and clinically confirmed cES. Signalment, geographical location and clinical features were recorded. Gram, Ziehl-Nielsen and Grocott-Gömöri methenamine silver histochemical stains, quantitative (q)PCR and in situ hybridisation were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quarter horses and thoroughbreds were overrepresented, and ages ranged from 10 months to 31 years old, with minimal difference in sex distribution. Localised, partially generalised, and generalised forms were noted in 13, 11 and six animals, respectively. The most common lesions were alopecia, crust and scale, and the limbs were the most affected site. Neither bacteria nor fungi were detected with histochemical stains. EHV-5 and -2 DNA were detected by qPCR in eight and four of 30 animals, respectively. Of those eight horses, EHV-5 hybridisation signals were found within skin lesions of five. ISH did not detect EHV-2 in any of the 29 animals tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Although the exact cause of sarcoidosis remains uncertain, these findings suggest that EHV-5 may play some role in the pathogenesis of cES. This study also reports a single case of cES in a donkey.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"688-699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermoscopic Features of Calcinosis Cutis in 12 Dogs: An Observational Study.","authors":"Fabia Scarampella, Daria Denti, Silvia Colombo, Pietro Barbero, Elisabetta Fabbri, Chiara Brachelente, Paola Roccabianca, Enzo Errichetti, Noemi Plozner","doi":"10.1111/vde.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique used to preliminary assess skin lesions in humans and, more recently, in animals. Calcinosis cutis (CC) is an uncommon condition in dogs characterised by cutaneous calcification typically secondary to iatrogenic hyper-glucocorticism or endogenous hyper-adrenocorticism.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe and characterise the dermoscopic features of CC in dogs affected by hyper-cortisolism, either iatrogenic or spontaneous, and assess the inter-observer agreement of the dermoscopic parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve lesions from 12 client-owned dogs, histologically diagnosed as CC associated with spontaneous or iatrogenic hyper-cortisolism, were included in this study. Dermoscopic images of the lesions at ×10 magnification were independently evaluated on a computer screen by three ECVD board-certified veterinary specialists and one ECVD resident.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At ×10 magnification, all lesions exhibited single or multiple structureless bright white areas and erythema. In eight of the 12 lesions, these white areas surrounded prominent plugs of yellowish-to-brown material emerging from follicular ostia and/or epidermal ulcerations. The main vascular pattern was dominated by a single vessel type (monomorphic pattern), consisting mainly of short, dilated, linear curved vessels (seven of 12), with short linear vessels observed in four lesions. Histopathological results confirmed that the white structures observed dermoscopically corresponded to calcium deposits within the dermis. A specific association was not observed between dermoscopic features and the distribution or localisation of mineralisation described in the histological evaluations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Dermoscopy represents a useful technique to assess CC in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"630-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Miconazole Susceptibility in Malassezia pachydermatis Isolates From Dogs With Otitis Externa.","authors":"Cole M Belcher, Clarissa P Souza, Elyas McGuire, Chien-Che Hung, Joel D A Tyndall, Lois L Hoyer","doi":"10.1111/vde.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increased number of dogs with unresolved yeast otitis externa (OE) after miconazole treatment was observed at a tertiary practice.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To evaluate miconazole susceptibility in Malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine OE.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eleven client-owned dogs (16 ears) with clinical and video otoscopic signs of OE and cytological evidence of yeast.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Yeast cultures were derived from ear swabs. PCR amplified portions of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and partial sequences encoding the 18S rRNA small subunit (SSU), 26S rRNA large subunit (LSU), and actin (ACT1) loci for phylogenetic analysis, as well as the ERG11 gene that encodes lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Miconazole susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar. Molecular modelling was used to evaluate the relationship between lanosterol 14α-demethylase amino acid substitutions and miconazole susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isolates of M. pachydermatis from canine OE formed a three-clade phylogeny. Most ERG11 mutations predicted lanosterol 14α-demethylase substitutions that were clade-specific without an effect on miconazole susceptibility. Reduced susceptibility was associated with substitutions of amino acid A302, located in the lanosterol 14α-demethylase azole-binding site. Other altered amino acids were located elsewhere in the lanosterol 14α-demethylase protein without an apparent effect on miconazole binding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Clinical isolates of M. pachydermatis with reduced miconazole susceptibility were easily found, suggesting that miconazole resistance is present in routine patients. Lanosterol 14α-demethylase interactions with longer-tailed azoles involve additional contacts beyond A302 suggesting these drugs will be more effective against miconazole-resistant strains. However, effective antifungal stewardship is needed to slow development of pan-azole resistance that would limit treatment options for dogs with M. pachydermatis-associated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"620-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Signs and Offending Food Allergens in Canine Cutaneous Adverse Food Reactions in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Herisman Hernadi, Han Hock Siew","doi":"10.1111/vde.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin responses to dietary components in dogs are referred to as cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). The most frequently reported offending food allergens in dogs from Australia, Europe and North America are beef, dairy products, chicken, wheat and lamb.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the clinical signs and common offending food allergens associated with CAFRs of dogs from Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-nine client-owned dogs with nonseasonal pruritus were referred to dermatology speciality practices in Malaysia and Singapore, and general practices in Indonesia between 2022 and 2024. After the exclusion of the other pruritic diseases, the dogs completed an elimination diet trial and relapsed on challenge. The offending protein source was recorded in addition to the breed, age of onset of disease and presenting clinical signs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chicken protein was the most common allergen reported in Malaysia (65%), Singapore (31%) and Indonesia (63%). The most commonly affected breeds with CAFR were cross-breed in Malaysia (27%) and poodles in Singapore (22%) and Indonesia (38%). The mean age of onset of the dogs with CAFRs from the three countries was between 1 and 3 years of age (45%), with < 1 year of age reported less frequently (37%). Pedal pruritus and/or otitis were the most clinical signs affecting 68% of dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Chicken protein is the common offending food allergen associated with CAFRs in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, and clinical signs of pedal pruritus and, or otitis should warrant investigation of CAFRs once the pruritic dermatoses have been eliminated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"722-728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroepithelial Polyps of the Ear Canal in Dogs: A Retrospective Analysis of 17 Cases.","authors":"Carolina Mendes, Laura Berto, Arianna Costa, Laura Nordio, Giovanna Bertolini, Michela De Lucia","doi":"10.1111/vde.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) are well-characterised benign hyperplastic lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Little is known about their localisation in the ear canal of dogs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide clinical, endoscopic, computed tomography (CT) and histological descriptions of aural (a)FEPs in 14 dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Fourteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with aFEPs between 2018 and 2025.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of dogs diagnosed with aFEPs based on compatible histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen aFEPs were described in 14 dogs. All dogs were of brachycephalic breeds, and French bulldogs were the most common breed. Most dogs had a history of chronic-recurrent otitis externa (n = 12) and a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (n = 10). Ear cytological results showed neutrophilic inflammation with bacteria in 14 of 17 cases. CT scan detected 15 of 17 aFEPs. In all cases, video-otoscopy revealed the presence of a pedunculated neoformation of variable size. All lesions were removed during the endoscopic procedure with a polypectomy snare or grasping forceps. Histologically, all masses were characterised by a broad fibrous core with a narrow stalk covered by either keratinised or keratinised and ciliated epithelium. Thirteen polyps contained broad trabeculae of bone. In two dogs, a second endoscopic procedure was needed to completely remove residual polyp fragments. During the follow-up period (1-80 months), 13 of the 14 dogs experienced no relapses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>In dogs, aFEPs present distinctive histopathological characteristics and should be differentiated from other aural masses. Identification and removal of aFEPs might be critical for the resolution of chronic-recurrent otitis in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":"841-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Updated Guidelines From the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA).","authors":"Ralf S Mueller, Frane Banovic, Emmanuel Bensignor, Domenico Santoro, Tim Nuttall","doi":"10.1111/vde.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically, aetiologically, immunologically and clinically complex disease requiring both individualised immediate and long-term management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>These updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) aim to substantially revise previous recommendations by organising treatment according to mechanism-of-action and by distinguishing two therapeutic phases: reactive therapy to resolve existing pruritus and skin lesions, followed by proactive therapy to maintain remission and reduce flares.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The literature was reviewed and recommendations are based, where possible, on randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews, with evidence graded using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. The guidelines review skin barrier care, antimicrobial and microbiome-modulating interventions, avoidance of nonallergenic and allergenic flare factors, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and immunomodulatory treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rapid-acting broad-spectrum drugs, particularly glucocorticoids, are recommended for reactive treatment. Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors and lokivetmab may be effective depending on lesion type, severity and inflammatory complexity. Secondary infections and flare factors must be addressed. Proactive management essential to prevent repeated cycles of inflammation may include skin barrier support, infection control, allergen avoidance, allergen immunotherapy, topical glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, lokivetmab or JAK inhibitors, selected according to the patient's disease pattern and response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>A number of interventions are suitable for the treatment of cAD. Interventions are neither universally required, interchangeable nor effective in all cases. Treatment selection should take into account efficacy, safety, practicality, cost, the quality-of-life of both dog and owner, and the legal regulations applicable in the country of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}