Veterinary dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Canine Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study of Clinical, Histopathological Features and Treatments in 14 Dogs.","authors":"Morgan Mathai, Frane Banovic, Lori Thompson, Karen Trainor","doi":"10.1111/vde.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease resulting in nonscarring hair loss. Limited data are available on the treatment and prognosis of canine AA.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical and histopathological features and treatment outcomes of 14 canine AA patients.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>14 dogs diagnosed with AA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria were: (i) clinical lesions of leukotrichia and/or alopecia lacking erythema, crusts, or excoriations; (ii) no current systemic immunosuppressive therapies; (iii) histopathological confirmation of bulbitis; and (iv) availability of histopathological slides for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven dogs had a history of concurrent pruritus; five were previously diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Lesion distribution spanned the face, dorsal cranium, and extremities. Skin biopsies were evaluated. The percentage of anagen bulbs affected was graded on a severity scale based on the diameter of cellular infiltrate. Seventy-one percent (95 of 134) of anagen hair bulbs were affected. Peribulbar cells consisted of lymphocytes in all dogs, plasma cells (in 13), eosinophils (in seven), macrophages (in six) and neutrophils (in six). Clinical outcomes were available for 12 dogs; follow-up ranged from 2 months to 7 years. Oral ciclosporin was the most prevalent treatment (eight dogs); six had partial hair regrowth and two had complete hair regrowth. Evidence of relapse was seen in four dogs when ciclosporin was tapered or withdrawn. Oral oclacitinib was effective in two dogs with partial and complete hair regrowth observed after 3 and 5 months, respectively. Spontaneous remission was reported in two dogs (14%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Canine AA is a chronic, relapsing disease often warranting long-term treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Use of a Single Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Laser Procedure as Medium-To-Long-Term Treatment for Unresponsive Dermal Arteritis of the Nasal Philtrum in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Domenico Santoro","doi":"10.1111/vde.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum (DANP) is an uncommon and poorly understood condition affecting large vessels of the nasal philtrum in dogs. Medical and/or surgical management has been proposed with inconsistent results and incomplete resolution. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) lasers are used for a variety of soft tissue procedures and could be beneficial in DANP owing to their intrinsic haemostatic capabilities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of CO₂ laser ablation for the treatment of unresponsive DANP in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Five client-owned dogs with a presumptive or definitive diagnosis of DANP and unresponsive to standard treatments were included.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CO₂ laser ablation of the ulcer and the adjacent tissue was performed until complete resolution of the nasal bleeding was achieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This cohort included two Saint Bernards, one great Dane, one American bulldog and one mixed-breed dog. There were four neutered males and one spayed female with a median age of 7 (range 6-10) years. The procedure led to complete resolution of the bleeding within a few days post-laser procedure. A follow-up ranging from 1 to 12 months reported a lack of relapses of bleeding and ulceration in all dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>In this study of five dogs, a single CO₂ laser ablation was practical, cost-effective, and provided full remission of the clinical signs of DANP that had been unresponsive to standard treatment. This is the first report describing CO₂ laser as a potential alternative treatment for difficult cases of canine DANP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Clonality in Canine Erythema Multiforme.","authors":"Kimberly S Kalosy, M Kelly Keating, Wayne S Rosenkrantz, Peter F Moore","doi":"10.1111/vde.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erythema multiforme (EM) and similar cytotoxic dermatoses, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), represent immune-mediated conditions that have clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical overlap with other diseases. Although reactive processes are typically associated with polyclonal expansion of lymphocyte populations, benign clonal expansion is possible in non-neoplastic conditions.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of clonality in differentiating cases of canine EM/SJS/TEN from cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Further aims include providing clinical correlation and response to therapy in combination with clonality. It is hypothesised that both clonal and polyclonal expansions will be observed in cases of EM/SJS/TEN.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twelve dogs with clinical and histopathological changes supportive of EM or SJS/TEN.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical data, histological and immunohistochemical examination as well as clonality for T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) was performed for tissue samples in canine EM/SJS/TEN. Modified drug scoring was performed for cases with medication administration before lesion development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve cases were included for retrospective review. Good response to therapy, CD3 immunoreactive T cells, and at least minor expression of Granzyme B were noted in all cases. Eleven of 12 had mild-to-moderate CD20 dermal infiltration. Polyclonal populations were noted in four cases, polyclonal with minor clones in five cases and clonality in three cases. Modified drug scoring was positive in five of six cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This study describes cases of canine EM/SJS/TEN demonstrating both polyclonal and clonal T-cell expansion, further highlighting the need for pairing clinical response with histopathological results and advanced diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Cases of Probable Canine Cutaneous Toxic Shock Syndrome for Clues to Facilitate an Early Diagnosis.","authors":"Taylor J Jackson, Andrea T H Lam, Verena K Affolter, Stephen D White, Petra Bizikova, Catherine A Outerbridge","doi":"10.1111/vde.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cutaneous toxic shock syndrome (CTSS), attributed to staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins, causes diffuse erythroderma and peripheral oedema with fatal systemic complications. In human medicine, a published list of scoring criteria exists where higher scores correlate with an increased likelihood of CTSS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in canine CTSS and to determine the validity of the human TSS criteria score in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Seven client-owned dogs were treated at two veterinary teaching hospitals between 2003 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs with histopathological lesions of coalescing panepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis with neutrophilic satellitosis were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnosis was made antemortem in four of seven and postmortem in three of seven. Prodromal clinical signs included lethargy (seven of seven), vomiting and/or diarrhoea (three of seven) and inappetence (three of seven). Primary skin lesions included diffuse erythroderma (seven of seven), ventral oedema (seven of seven), distal limb oedema (six of seven) and vesicles/bullae of the concave pinnae (three of seven), ventrum (one of seven) and perianally (one of seven). Clinicopathological changes included anaemia (seven of seven), neutropaenia (two of seven), neutrophilia (five of seven), hypoalbuminaemia (seven of seven), thrombocytopaenia (seven of seven), increased liver enzymes (six of seven) and azotaemia (four of seven). Blood cultures were negative in five of five dogs and the source of infection was not identified in any dog. Five of seven dogs died or were euthanised and had higher scores using human criteria than the remaining two dogs; these two survived with supportive care and antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>CTSS should be a differential diagnosis in dogs with the above prodromal signs before sudden onset of erythroderma, because early diagnosis is critical to survival. The human TSS criteria score could aid in earlier detection of canine CTSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E Response in Dogs With Moderate-To-Severe Leishmaniosis.","authors":"Maria Cabré, Laia Solano-Gallego, Douglas DeBoer, Laura Ordeix","doi":"10.1111/vde.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dogs with moderate-to-severe leishmaniosis develop a strong nonprotective humoral response which is mainly associated with anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Humoral immune response also plays an important role in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and is associated with allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To compare the serum allergen-specific IgE concentration in dogs with leishmaniosis and high levels of anti-L. infantum-specific antibodies with Leishmania seronegative clinically healthy and atopic dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum samples from 47 dogs with leishmaniosis without cAD and high anti-L. infantum antibodies were included and compared with serum from 30 atopic and 33 clinically healthy dogs. Serum samples were analysed using a commercial kit for the quantitative measurement of allergen-specific IgE. Dogs with anti-cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD)-IgE were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of dogs positive for at least one allergen was significantly higher in dogs with leishmaniosis (40 of 40) than in healthy (18 of 28) and atopic dogs (10 of 30) (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The median allergen-specific IgE concentration was 7.1 U/mL in leishmaniotic dogs, 4.7 U/mL in atopic dogs and 1.4 U/mL in healthy dogs. A significant difference was observed between dogs with leishmaniosis and healthy dogs (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test), while no differences were found between leishmaniotic and atopic dogs, and atopic and healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs with moderate-to-severe leishmaniosis and high levels of anti-L. infantum antibodies produce high levels of serum allergen-specific IgE that do not appear to be of clinical relevance. Clinicians should cautiously interpret serological allergen tests in dogs with leishmaniosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravascular Tumour in a Dog Causing Skin Ulcerative Lesions.","authors":"Alla Seleznova, Sohvi Blatter, Hugo Pereira, Ana Mafalda Lourenço, Iva Cvitas, Sara Soto","doi":"10.1111/vde.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence Rate of Otitis Externa Episodes in Atopic Dogs Is Reduced by a Therapeutic Diet in a 6-Month Randomised, Blinded, Controlled, Clinical Trial.","authors":"Adrian Watson, Jeremy Laxalde, Franco Martini, Nina Fischer, Elisa Maina, Claude Favrot","doi":"10.1111/vde.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent otitis externa (OE) episodes commonly affect dogs with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) despite ongoing cAD treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if a therapeutic diet with active ingredients targeting the skin barrier and allergy pathways reduces the incidence rate of OE.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-four client-owned dogs with active erythroceruminous OE + cAD (not necessarily active) were randomised to test (n = 16) or control diet (n = 18), fed for up to 6 months. Dogs had to be in remission by Month (M)1 after initial OE treatment. Outcomes included incidence rate (percentage of dogs with ≥ 1 OE episode), 0-3 Otitis Index Score (OTIS-3), cAD Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04), and medication score (medication required to control OE and/or cAD) at M3 and the end-point, defined as each dog's last on-study data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate was significantly lower in the test versus control group (25% vs. 61%, p < 0.01). OTIS-3 and CADESI-04 improved significantly between baseline and M3 in both groups (control: p = 0.003 and p < 0.001; test: each p = 0.001). Between M3 and the end-point, OTIS-3 and CADESI-04 rebounded significantly in the control (p = 0.025 and p = 0.026) and not in the test group (p = 0.139 and p = 0.909). CADESI improvement from baseline was maintained at the end-point in the test (p < 0.001) and not in the control group (p = 0.227). Medication score improved significantly throughout the diet duration in the test group (baseline to M3, M3 to end-point, and baseline to end-point) versus no improvements in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>A therapeutic diet for cAD helped to sustain improvements in aural manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Review With Genetic Analysis of Canine Microfilarial Dermatitis in the Western United States.","authors":"Rebecca Parsiola, Amira Abdu, Anthea Schick, Rebecca Mount, Carine Laporte","doi":"10.1111/vde.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microfilarial dermatitis was described once in dogs of the western United States. The organisms were not identified.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objective: </strong>To identify nematodes as a cause of dermatitis and describe clinical features, treatments and therapeutic responses.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eight client-owned dogs with suspected or definitively diagnosed microfilarial dermatitis based on appropriate clinical history and therapeutic response had skin biopsy samples collected.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective review of electronic medical records taken between January 2010 and December 2022 from a multicentre dermatology speciality group in the United States for dogs, followed by PCR and genome sequencing of microfilariae from formalin-fixed tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pruritus (eight of eight), plaques (five of eight) and lesions of the head (six of eight) were commonly reported. Four had microfilariae on histopathological evaluation. One sample was genetically consistent with Cercopithifilaria bainae; another was consistent with Onchocerca lupi. Two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were not available for sequencing. Dogs received oral pulse dosing of fenbendazole (Panacur; Merck Animal Health) (mean 41 mg/kg) at 10-day intervals for 4 weeks and injectable ivermectin (Agri-Mectin; AgriLabs) (mean 0.42 mg/kg) given orally once weekly for 6 weeks. Three dogs had adverse drug events. One dog had recurrent clinical signs after experiencing full resolution. Complete resolution without recurrence was reported in two of eight dogs. The times to complete resolution were 63 days (Dog 5) and 65 days (Dog 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first confirmed report of clinical dermatitis secondary to O. lupi microfilariae in a dog, and the second clinical description of canine C. bainae microfilarial dermatitis in the United States. Paired ivermectin and fenbendazole may be an appropriate treatment for suspected or definitively diagnosed canine microfilarial dermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Signs and Treatment Responses of 24 Dogs With Split Paw Pad Dermatosis.","authors":"Miriam Utzmann, Sonya Bettenay, Ralf S Mueller, Ursula Mayer","doi":"10.1111/vde.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Split paw pad dermatosis (SPPD) in dogs is characterised clinically by horizontal splitting and peeling of the paw pads with frequent recurrence. There is currently no published study characterising the history, clinical signs and management of the disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To gather clinical information on affected dogs, including: signalment, possible risk or predisposing factors, disease progression and response to therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective questionnaire-based evaluation of client-owned dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen dogs were included with histologically compatible paw pad biopsies. The most frequent presenting signs were pain, lameness, pruritus and licking, and in most dogs, all four paws were affected during the course of the disease. Eight of 13 (61%) of dogs weighed > 20 kg (mean 24.6 kg, median 28 kg). Of the 14 dogs, three were German shepherd dogs, five had a seasonal occurrence, and four had concurrent canine atopic dermatitis. No single treatment was effective in preventing relapses, although a small subgroup responded to anti-inflammatory medication. Supportive paw pad-protective measures showed positive results in some dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The collected information failed to identify a single factor contributing to the development of SPPD. Clinicians should therefore investigate multiple aetiologies, including hypersensitivity diseases, excessive shearing force movement, moisture, heat, seasonality and excessive weight. Treatment supportive of the skin barrier may be of benefit. Owing to the substantial variability of characteristics in this study, we propose to change the term to split paw pad dermatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Feasibility of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in Cats.","authors":"Tim Chan, Ramon Almela, Agustina Anson","doi":"10.1111/vde.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Otitis media (OM) is diagnosed via imaging or, in some cases, otoscopic evaluation, by detecting fluid in the tympanic bulla (TB). In cats, the bulla septum divides the TB into ventromedial (VMC) and dorsolateral (DLC) compartments, with ultrasound restricted to imaging the VMC only.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of ultrasound in diagnosing naturally occurring OM in cats, using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Thirty-two privately owned cats (64 ears) with and without OM were enrolled in the study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, CT or MRI confirmed fluid (OM) or air (normal) in the TB, while ultrasound imaged the VMC for air or fluid. Performance statistics for ultrasound in diagnosing OM were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bulla ultrasound took an average of 3.5 min to complete and 23 cats were awake. Ultrasound detected air in the VMC in 41 ears, fluid in 22 ears and acoustic shadowing in one ear owing to TB wall thickening, precluding the detection of gas or fluid. Thirty-nine middle ears were air-filled and 25 ears had fluid based on CT/MRI. Two false negatives resulted from undetectable scant fluid lines. Ultrasonographic data of 63 ears (ear with acoustic shadow was excluded) showed the following: sensitivity (92%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), negative predictive value (95%) and accuracy (97%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Ultrasound was rapid, well-tolerated and reliably differentiated fluid from air in the VMC, diagnosing OM in most cats. False negatives arose from scant fluid. Acoustic shadowing may represent chronic OM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23599,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}