Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Evidence for long-acting methylprednisolone acetate in dogs: A critically appraised topic on efficacy, safety, and clinical applications across administration routes.","authors":"Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Aija Ilgaza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3401-3414","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3401-3414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Long-acting methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) is widely used in canine medicine for its prolonged glucocorticoid activity. However, uncertainty remains regarding its disease-specific efficacy, safety profile, and overall benefit-risk balance across different routes of administration. This critically appraised topic (CAT) aimed to systematically evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of depot MPA in dogs, with emphasis on clinically meaningful outcomes and evidence-based recommendations for veterinary practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A structured literature search was performed in PubMed, CAB Abstracts, and Scopus from database inception to May 17, 2026. Eligible studies evaluated depot MPA administered through any route in dogs and reported clinical efficacy, safety outcomes, pharmacokinetics, endocrine responses, or clinicopathological changes. Study quality was assessed using design-specific risk-of-bias tools, including Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Data were synthesized narratively todue of substantial heterogeneity in study designs, routes of administration, and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies involving more than 200 dogs were included, comprising one blinded randomized controlled trial, two clinical cohort studies, one case series, and ten pharmacokinetic, physiological, safety, or experimental investigations. The strongest evidence supported epidural MPA administered during surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), significantly reducing the median time to ambulation from 7 to 3 days. Evidence for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis demonstrated favorable short-term clinical improvement but frequent relapse during long-term follow-up. Perineural, paravertebral, intra-articular, and musculoskeletal applications were supported only by low-level evidence. Pharmacokinetic and physiological studies consistently demonstrated prolonged systemic exposure, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, and measurable clinicopathological changes after depot administration. However, controlled evidence supporting routine systemic intramuscular MPA for naturally occurring inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases was lacking. Adverse event reporting was inconsistent, with prolonged endocrine suppression, systemic glucocorticoid effects, and occasional serious complications reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence indicates that the clinical utility of depot MPA in dogs is highly route dependent. Moderate-quality evidence supports epidural administration for selected cases of thoracolumbar IVDD, whereas evidence for other regional applications remains limited. Routine systemic intramuscular depot MPA cannot currently be recommended as an evidence-based first-line treatment because disease-specific comparative trials are lacking. Thi","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3401-3414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, frost resistance, and emerging species-specific diagnostics for Trichinella nativa: Current evidence and future priorities.","authors":"Aibek Zhumalin, Aisarat Gajimuradova, Saulet Issayev, Alfiya Syzdykova, Fariza Zhagipar, Nurtai Gubaidullin, Nasipkhan Askarova, Catalina Picasso-Risso, Ainur Ibzhanova, Zhannara Akanova, Assem Jangulova, Aizada Mukhanbetkaliyeva, Orken Akibekov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3793-3822","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3793-3822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3793-3822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated whole-body inhalation of cannabidiol vapor induces progressive pulmonary inflammatory and vascular remodeling without systemic toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Chutchai Piewbang, Sitthiphon Bunman, Tanit Kasantikul, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa, Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3701-3715","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3701-3715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly administered via electronic vaporizers because inhalation enables rapid pulmonary absorption and bypasses first-pass hepatic metabolism. However, the respiratory consequences of repeated exposure to purified CBD vapor remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the systemic and pulmonary effects of repeated whole-body inhalation of purified CBD vapor in Sprague-Dawley rats, with emphasis on the temporal progression of pulmonary histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 6/group): saline-exposed control and CBD vapor exposure for 15, 30, 60, or 90 consecutive days. Approximately 100 mg of purified CBD isolate was loaded into an electronic vaporization device for each exposure session, and individual rats underwent whole-body exposure for 5 min/day under standardized chamber conditions. Clinical status, body weight, and rectal temperature were monitored. Hematological, biochemical, and electrolyte parameters were measured at the end of each exposure period. Lung and extrapulmonary tissues were examined histopathologically. Pulmonary lesions were independently evaluated by two blinded veterinary pathologists using a semi-quantitative grading scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No mortality, clinically apparent morbidity, abnormal respiratory signs, or significant differences in body weight were observed. Several hematological and biochemical variables differed significantly among groups; however, most post hoc comparisons were nonsignificant, and all values remained within physiological reference intervals. No histopathological abnormalities were detected in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or brain. In contrast, repeated CBD vapor exposure produced progressive pulmonary inflammatory and vascular alterations. Interstitial pneumonia and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia were evident from 15 days, whereas perivascular eosinophilic cuffing and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle hypertrophy increased with exposure duration. The most severe lesions occurred after 60 and 90 days and included marked interstitial inflammation, dense eosinophilic perivascular infiltrates, hemorrhagic foci, and advanced arterial remodeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated whole-body inhalation of purified CBD vapor was associated with progressive, localized pulmonary inflammatory and vascular changes despite the absence of clinically meaningful systemic toxicity. These findings support further studies incorporating aerosol characterization, inhaled dosimetry, pulmonary function testing, mechanistic biomarkers, recovery assessment, and clinically relevant vaping formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3701-3715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of underwater treadmill rehabilitation following femoral head and neck ostectomy in dogs: A prospective controlled pilot study.","authors":"Nichanan Maneeganondh, Naruepon Kampa, Thanikul Srithunyarat, Pongsatorn Tuchpramuk, Phimrawee Ngampring, Parichat Naknil, Somphong Hoisang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3621-3634","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3621-3634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) is a widely performed salvage procedure for canine coxofemoral disorders; however, postoperative recovery is frequently limited by reduced weight bearing, persistent lameness, muscle atrophy, and restricted hip mobility. Although underwater treadmill (UWTM) rehabilitation has been used for various orthopedic conditions, objective evidence supporting its effectiveness after FHO remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized 10-session UWTM rehabilitation protocol on functional recovery in dogs after FHO, using clinical and objective gait assessment measures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective controlled pilot study was conducted using 10 client-owned dogs that underwent unilateral FHO. Dogs were allocated to either a UWTM rehabilitation group (n = 5) or a non-UWTM control group (n = 5). One dog in the UWTM group was withdrawn due to force plate noncompliance, leaving four treatment and five control dogs to complete the 12-week follow-up. Rehabilitation consisted of 10 weekly UWTM sessions initiated approximately 3 weeks after surgery. Clinical evaluations included lameness and pain scores, thigh circumference, and force plate kinetic gait analysis. Peak vertical force (PVF) normalized to body weight (BW) served as the primary objective outcome measure. Assessments were performed at postoperative weeks 4, 8, and 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dogs receiving UWTM rehabilitation demonstrated significant improvements in functional recovery over time. Lameness scores decreased significantly between postoperative months 1 and 3 (mean difference = 2.00 points, p < 0.05), while PVF of the operated limb increased significantly by 23.66% of BW between months 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Interlimb PVF asymmetry also decreased significantly in the UWTM group. In contrast, the control group showed significant improvement only in lameness score by month 3, whereas PVF did not change significantly throughout the study. Pain scores and thigh circumference did not differ significantly between groups over time. No serious treatment-related adverse events were observed during the rehabilitation protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A standardized 10-session UWTM rehabilitation protocol may accelerate postoperative functional recovery following FHO by improving limb weight bearing and reducing lameness without treatment-related complications. Although these preliminary findings support UWTM as a promising adjunctive rehabilitation strategy after FHO, the small sample size and pilot design limit generalizability. Larger randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up are warranted to establish optimal rehabilitation protocols and confirm long-term clinical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3621-3634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production system-associated hepatic histomorphometric adaptations in swine: Comparative analysis of glycogen deposition, Kupffer cell abundance, and liver microarchitecture.","authors":"Nattawat Chaiyawong, Anongwadee Nadprasop, Natcha Khong-On, Siwakon Kongchan, Ittipon Phoungpetchara, Pichaya Jumnongprakhon, Charkriya Promsuban","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3295-3310","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3295-3310","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Swine production systems differ considerably in housing, nutrition, biosecurity, and environmental exposure, all of which may influence hepatic metabolism, immune function, and tissue architecture. Histological indicators such as hepatic glycogen deposition, Kupffer cell abundance, and sinusoid-hepatic cord organization provide valuable insight into physiological adaptations associated with different management practices. However, comparative information on these hepatic characteristics across commercial swine production systems remains limited. This study aimed to compare hepatic glycogen accumulation, Kupffer cell abundance, and hepatic microarchitecture among clinically healthy swine raised under beta-agonist-free, hygienic, and natural production systems in Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional comparative histomorphometric study was conducted using liver tissues collected from 30 clinically healthy market weight commercial crossbred swine (10 animals per production system). Liver samples were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and stained using the periodic acid-Schiff method. Histomorphometric analyses included quantification of periodic acid-Schiff-positive glycogen area, zone-specific glycogen distribution within hepatic lobules, glycogen-positive hepatocyte counts, Kupffer cell counts, and the hepatic sinusoid-to-hepatic cord area ratio using digital image analysis. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple-comparison test, with statistical significance established at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Significant production system-associated differences were observed in all major histomorphometric parameters. Beta-agonist-free swine exhibited the greatest hepatic glycogen deposition (34.23 ± 2.74%) and the highest glycogen-positive hepatocyte counts (167.85 ± 12.97 cells/area), followed by natural and hygienic swine (p &lt; 0.05). Zone-specific analysis demonstrated significantly greater glycogen accumulation across periportal, midzonal, and pericentral regions in beta-agonist-free animals. In contrast, natural swine showed significantly higher Kupffer cell abundance (3.97 ± 0.93 cells/area) and a greater hepatic sinusoid-to-hepatic cord area ratio (0.84 ± 0.14) than beta-agonist-free swine (p &lt; 0.05), indicating enhanced hepatic immune surveillance and subtle microarchitectural remodeling. No histopathological lesions, including hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, or inflammatory infiltration, were observed in any group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Different commercial swine production systems were associated with distinct hepatic histomorphometric adaptations. Beta-agonist-free production favored greater hepatic glycogen storage, whereas natural production was characterized by increased Kupffer cell abundance and expanded sinusoidal architecture, suggesting differences in hepatic meta","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3295-3310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed- and age-associated variation in hematological parameters and Toll-like receptor 2 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of commercial and purebred laying hens during the laying cycle.","authors":"Tiprawee Rassamepong, Panwadee Sopannarath, Muhammad Jasim Uddin, Anchalee Buadkhunthod, Niparat Khotanon, Autchara Kayan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3558-3567","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3558-3567","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Hematological parameters and innate immune responses are influenced by genetic background and physiological status, making them valuable indicators of health and immune competence in laying hens. However, comparative information on breed- and age-related variation in hematological characteristics and &lt;i&gt;Toll-like receptor&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt;) gene expression in PBMCs during the laying cycle remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of breed and age on hematological traits and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; gene expression in commercial Lohmann Brown (LB) and purebred White Leghorn (WL) laying hens to improve the understanding of innate immune regulation during different stages of egg production.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty clinically healthy laying hens (n = 5 per breed × age group) comprising LB and WL breeds at 42 and 80 weeks of age were maintained under identical management conditions. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and PBMC isolation. Hematological parameters were determined using standard laboratory methods, whereas &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; gene expression was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effects of breed, age, and their interaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Breed significantly affected hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte percentage, heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression (p &lt; 0.05). WL hens exhibited higher hemoglobin concentration, H:L ratio, and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression than LB hens, whereas LB hens had higher lymphocyte percentages. Age significantly influenced hematocrit, hemoglobin, heterophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, white blood cell count, H:L ratio, and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression (p &lt; 0.05). Hens at 80 weeks exhibited higher hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage, and white blood cell count, whereas hens at 42 weeks had higher heterophil percentage, H:L ratio, and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression. Significant breed × age interactions were observed for hemoglobin, heterophil, lymphocyte, H:L ratio, and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression, with WL hens at 42 weeks exhibiting the highest &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression. &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression showed positive correlations with the heterophil percentage and the H:L ratio, but a negative correlation with the lymphocyte percentage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Breed and physiological stage significantly influence hematological characteristics and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt;-mediated innate immune responses in laying hens. The combined evaluation of hematological parameters and &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt; expression provide complementary biomarkers for assessing immune competence and physiological stress during the laying cycle. These findings establish baseline reference data that may facilitate genetic selection for disease resilience, improve flock health monitoring, and support precision breeding a","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3558-3567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of myocardial function by strain echocardiography in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes.","authors":"Xufeng Ying, Chattida Panprom, Soontaree Petchdee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats, and early detection of myocardial dysfunction remains challenging using conventional echocardiography alone. This study evaluated myocardial function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and investigated the diagnostic value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS), left atrial reservoir strain (LARS), and strain-volume curve analysis for differentiating HCM phenotypes in cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted on 40 client-owned cats categorized into three groups: Healthy controls (n = 15), cats with a hypertrophic phenotype and normal left atrial size (n = 13), and cats with a hypertrophic phenotype accompanied by left atrial enlargement (n = 12). Comprehensive echocardiographic examinations included conventional measurements together with LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, circumferential strain, and strain-volume curve analysis. Group comparisons and correlations between strain-derived and conventional echocardiographic parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cats with HCM and left atrial enlargement exhibited significantly lower LVGLS and LARS than healthy cats, indicating impaired ventricular systolic deformation and reduced atrial reservoir function. RVLS did not differ significantly among groups, suggesting relative preservation of right ventricular systolic function during the early stages of disease. Strain-volume curve analysis demonstrated progressive flattening and rightward displacement in affected cats, reflecting impaired myocardial deformation despite preserved conventional systolic indices such as fractional shortening. Moderate correlations were observed between LVGLS and radial strain, whereas LARS showed inverse correlations with indices of left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings indicate that strain-derived parameters provide complementary functional information beyond conventional echocardiographic measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multi-chamber strain echocardiography integrating LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, and strain-volume curve analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of myocardial mechanics in cats with HCM. This approach improves characterization of hypertrophic phenotypes, facilitates earlier recognition of myocardial dysfunction, and may enhance disease staging and clinical decision-making in feline cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3027-3038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal integrated evaluation of metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal biomarkers identifies haptoglobin as a key indicator of reproductive performance in Friesian-Holstein cows with endometritis.","authors":"Herry Agoes Hermadi, Yeni Dhamayanti, Erma Safitri, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Langgeng Priyanto, Herdis Herdis, Anita Hafid, Umi Adiati, Muhammad Muflih Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Alfaruqi Syahrandi Adam, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Postpartum endometritis is a major cause of impaired fertility and economic loss in dairy production. Although metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal disturbances have individually been associated with uterine disease, comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of these physiological responses and their relationships with reproductive performance remains limited, particularly under tropical dairy production systems. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal biomarkers associated with uterine health and to determine their relationships with reproductive performance in Friesian-Holstein (FH) dairy cows with suspected and subclinical endometritis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty multiparous FH dairy cows were classified by endometrial cytology into suspected endometritis (n = 30; polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN] 5%-&lt;10%) and subclinical endometritis (n = 30; PMN ≥10%). Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 30 to determine serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium (Ca), albumin, globulin, total protein (TP), haptoglobin (Hp), prostaglandin F₂α metabolite (PGFM), and cortisol. Uterine recovery was assessed by repeat cytology, while reproductive performance was evaluated using estrus intensity, service per conception (SC), and days open (DO). Statistical analyses included an independent-samples t-test, a paired-samples t-test, and a Pearson correlation analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cows with subclinical endometritis exhibited significantly greater uterine inflammation, higher PMN percentages, elevated NEFAs, BHB, Hp, PGFM, cortisol, globulin, and TP concentrations, and lower Ca and albumin concentrations than cows with suspected endometritis (p &lt; 0.05). Recovery rates were lower in cows with subclinical endometritis (50.0%) than in those with suspected endometritis (83.3%). These cows also showed poorer reproductive performance, characterized by reduced estrus intensity, increased SC, and prolonged DO (p &lt; 0.05). Among all evaluated biomarkers, Hp demonstrated the strongest associations with reproductive performance, showing a strong negative correlation with estrus intensity (r = -0.84) and strong positive correlations with SC (r = 0.84) and DO (r = 0.87) (p &lt; 0.01). Longitudinal assessment further demonstrated partial physiological recovery between day 0 and day 30, although cows with subclinical endometritis consistently exhibited greater metabolic and inflammatory disturbances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Integrated longitudinal assessment demonstrated that systemic inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and endocrine alterations collectively influence uterine recovery and fertility in FH dairy cows. Hp emerged as the most informative biomarker, outperforming conventional metabolic indicators in its association with reproductive performance. These finding","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3282-3294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of molecular genotyping, pathotyping, and histopathological characterization of lentogenic genotype II Newcastle disease virus circulating in young ostrich flocks in Egypt.","authors":"Eman Abd-El Monum Shosha, Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Rania M Elbatawy, Sara Abdelnaser, Ahmed Fotouh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2951-2970","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2951-2970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian pathogens worldwide, yet information regarding its molecular epidemiology and pathological characteristics in ostriches remains limited. This study investigated the prevalence, molecular characteristics, pathotype, phylogenetic relationships, and histopathological changes associated with NDV circulating in young ostrich flocks in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 tissue samples were collected from diseased, non-vaccinated ostriches aged 3 weeks to 2 months from eight farms across four Egyptian governorates during 2024. Virus isolation was performed using specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs, followed by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays. Pathogenicity was determined using the mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Molecular detection was conducted by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting the matrix gene, followed by partial fusion gene amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Histopathological examination was performed on major organs, and positive samples were additionally screened for avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious bursal disease virus to exclude coinfections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight of 60 samples tested positive for NDV, with the highest prevalence detected in Ismailia governorate. All positive samples were negative for the tested coinfecting viruses. The isolates exhibited a hemagglutination titer of 9 log₂ hemagglutination units/mL and a hemagglutination inhibition titer of 6 log₂. Biological pathotyping confirmed a lentogenic pathotype with an MDT of 96 h and an ICPI of 0.4. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates within genotype II, class II, possessing the characteristic lentogenic fusion protein cleavage motif ¹¹²GRQGRL¹¹⁷. The isolates shared 97%-99% nucleotide identity with commonly used vaccine strains, including LaSota, Hitchner, and Clone 30. Histopathological examination revealed marked lesions in the respiratory and digestive systems, including epithelial degeneration, hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrates, lymphoid depletion, hepatic necrosis, and intestinal villous damage, despite the lentogenic nature of the virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first comprehensive molecular, pathotyping, phylogenetic, and histopathological characterization of lentogenic genotype II NDV circulating in young ostriches in Egypt. The findings demonstrate that lentogenic vaccine-related genotype II strains can induce clinically relevant pathological alterations in ostriches, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular surveillance, host-specific vaccination strategies, enhanced biosecurity, and integrated monitoring of ostriches, poultry, and wild birds to reduce NDV transmission and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2951-2970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses reveal gut microbiota and metabolite alterations associated with diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves in Anhui, China.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Hui Liu, Chaoyue He, Huiyang Chen, Huilin Zhang, Falei Li","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2763-2776","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2763-2776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Neonatal calf diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the dairy industry. Although alterations in gut microbial communities have been implicated in calf diarrhea, the interactions between intestinal microbiota and metabolites in neonatal Holstein calves remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize gut microbiome and metabolomic alterations associated with diarrhea and to explore the relationships between differential microorganisms and metabolites in neonatal Holstein calves from Anhui, China.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from four diarrheic and four healthy female Holstein calves younger than 2 weeks of age. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed using the DNBSEQ-T7 platform, and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to characterize fecal metabolites. Multivariate analyses, biomarker identification, pathway enrichment, and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between microbial taxa and metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct microbial and metabolic profiles were observed between healthy and diarrheic calves. Analysis of similarities confirmed significant differences in microbial composition between groups (R = 0.7917, p = 0.025). Forty microbial biomarkers were identified, with <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>jejuni</i>, <i>Campylobacter coli</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> showing increased abundance in diarrheic calves, whereas beneficial taxa such as <i>Faecalibacterium</i> <i>prausnitzii</i> were enriched in healthy calves. Metabolomic analysis identified 377 differential metabolites, including 130 upregulated and 247 downregulated compounds in diarrheic calves. Pathway analysis indicated that D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism was the most affected pathway, together with alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, thiamine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Five key metabolites, glutamate, α-ketoglutaric acid, thiamine, 3-sulfinoalanine, and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, were strongly associated with differentially abundant microorganisms. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant microbe-metabolite interactions, suggesting that dysbiosis contributes to metabolic disturbances during diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonatal calf diarrhea was associated with pronounced alterations in gut microbial communities and fecal metabolites. The enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and disruption of amino acid-related metabolic pathways highlight potential biomarkers and mechanistic links underlying gut dysbiosis. These findings provide novel insights into microbiota-metabolite interactions and may facilitate the development of targeted strategies to improve calf health and reduce economic losses in dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2763-2776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}