Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Productive and economic effects of adding <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 to bread waste-based diets in laying hens.","authors":"Albertina Felizardo Manteiga, Abilio Paulo Changule, Nilza Jorge Manjate, Dercia Hilario Magaia, Florentina Domingos Chilala, Leonel Antonio Joaquim, Eunice Justino Chivale, Filomena Dos Anjos, Manuel Garcia-Herreros, Custódio Gabriel Bila","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The high cost and limited availability of maize in poultry production necessitate the exploration of alternative feed sources. Bread waste (BW), a nutrient-rich by-product, offers a sustainable substitute. However, concerns regarding its protein degradation during processing and limited research in laying hens restrict its broader application. Probiotics such as <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 may enhance nutrient utilization and economic viability when combined with BW. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially replacing maize meal with BW, with or without the inclusion of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940, on the productive performance and economic outcomes in laying hens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty 52-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment; 4 replicates of 5 hens each): (T1) basal diet; (T2) basal diet with 20% BW replacing maize; and (T3) basal diet with 20% BW and 0.8% <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940. Performance parameters and economic indicators, including feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratios, gross revenue, contribution margin, and break-even point, were assessed over 45 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, or live weight across treatments. Economically, substituting 20% of maize with BW significantly reduced feed cost per kilogram and egg production cost per unit and per dozen (p < 0.05). The inclusion of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> further enhanced the profitability index, gross value added, and reduced the break-even point compared to T1 and T2 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Replacing 20% of maize with BW, with or without <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940, maintains productive performance in laying hens while significantly improving economic efficiency. This strategy offers a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional feed formulations in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"969-975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and hematological and biochemical blood parameters of dogs with hepatobiliary disorders.","authors":"Nguyen Vu Thuy Hong Loan, Nguyen Van Chao, Tran Thi Nhung","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.986-993","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.986-993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hepatobiliary disorders represent a significant clinical concern in canine medicine, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. However, comprehensive data on clinical presentation and hematological and biochemical alterations associated with these disorders in Vietnam remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations and hematobiochemical profiles of dogs diagnosed with hepatobiliary disorders in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty client-owned dogs diagnosed with hepatobiliary disorders through histopathological confirmation were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical signs, age, breed, and sex were recorded. Hematological indices - including red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet (PLT) count - and biochemical parameters - such as total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and uric acid - were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's Chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hepatitis was the most prevalent disorder (38.8%), followed by biliary disorders, hepatic lipidosis, neoplastic disorders (each 16.3%), and cirrhosis (12.5%). Vomiting (60.0%), jaundice (57.5%), and diarrhea (48.8%) were among the most frequent clinical signs, with significant variability across disorder types (p < 0.05). A significant variation in PLT counts was observed, with the highest values in hepatic lipidosis cases (p = 0.04). Biochemical analysis revealed marked elevations in total bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT across disorders (p < 0.05), particularly in hepatitis and neoplastic cases. Dogs with cirrhosis exhibited significantly reduced TP and ALB concentrations. Elevated BUN and CREA were also noted in dogs with neoplastic conditions, suggesting concurrent renal involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to delineate the clinical and hematobiochemical characteristics of canine hepatobiliary disorders in Vietnam. The findings underscore the diagnostic value of integrating clinical signs with laboratory indices, particularly elevated liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia, in the identification and differentiation of hepatobiliary conditions. These insights may enhance clinical decision-making and contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes in veterinary hepatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"986-993"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens in table eggs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cyrielle Hinson, Aretas Tonouhewa, Paulin Azokpota, Georges Daube, Nicolas Korsak, Philippe Sessou","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.939-954","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.939-954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Eggs represent a vital dietary source globally; however, bacterial contamination poses a substantial public health risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of bacterial contamination in table eggs and to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of these pathogens, emphasizing their implications for public health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive bibliographic search of Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), CAB Abstract, and Google Scholar databases was performed, identifying 136 studies published between 1979 and 2022. The systematic review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and advanced bibliometric techniques for data collection. Microsoft Excel and R software (v5.0) were employed for data consolidation and statistical analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Higgins' I² index, and a random-effects model was adopted for prevalence estimation and subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen bacterial species were identified in eggs, primarily <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. Overall, eggshell contamination rates exceeded those of egg contents. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates exhibited complete resistance (100%) to nitrofurantoin, novobiocin, and polymyxin and substantial resistance (>50%) to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin (74.5%), penicillin G (89.1%), and colistin (83.1%). <i>E. coli</i> isolates showed total resistance to penicillin G (100%) and high resistance to amoxicillin (72.2%) and ceftazidime (95.6%). Antibiotic resistance varied significantly across regions, notably higher in Asian and African isolates. Multidrug-resistant strains of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the high global prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in poultry eggs and highlights concerning antibiotic resistance trends, particularly among <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>E. coli</i>. The findings emphasize the urgent need for region-specific biosecurity protocols and antimicrobial stewardship strategies to reduce egg contamination and control antibiotic-resistant pathogens, ultimately safeguarding public health and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"939-954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological and morphometric changes in cardiac conduction fibers after spontaneous myocardial infarction in horses and dogs.","authors":"Fabián Gómez-Torres, Luis Ballesteros-Acuña, Amparo Ruíz-Sauri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.827-836","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.827-836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death in dogs and horses often results from ventricular arrhythmia secondary to myocardial damage. Despite this, limited data exist on the histomorphometric changes in cardiac conduction fibers (CCFs) and cardiac conduction cells (CCCs) following spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to characterize morphometric and histological alterations in conduction fibers and their junctions with cardiomyocytes in infarcted hearts of horses and dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten hearts from horses and 10 from dogs that had died suddenly were examined. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining to identify conduction fibers and assess glycogen accumulation. The thickness and density of conduction fibers, as well as the diameter of conduction cells, were measured using image analysis software. Statistical comparisons were conducted using t-tests, analysis of variance, and Cohen's d-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In horses, the diameter of CCCs was significantly smaller in infarcted cases (55.74 μm) compared to normal hearts (79.08 μm) (p < 0.001). In dogs, slight hypertrophy of CCCs (31.21 μm) was observed in normal hearts, whereas infarcted hearts exhibited reduced diameters (26.83 μm) (p = 0.114). The density of CCFs was 9.06% in horses and 7.99% in dogs (p = 0.846), while fiber thickness was 30.06 μm in horses and 29.86 μm in dogs (p = 0.263). Horses exhibited extensive myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the middle third and posterior left ventricle, while dogs displayed milder lesions distributed across the ventricle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a reduction in CCC size in horses and minor hypertrophy in dogs, coupled with fibrotic myocardial lesions of varying severity. The observed histomorphometric changes provide insight into the structural impact of MI on conduction cells, which may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias in these species. These findings have implications for veterinary cardiology and the management of MI-related arrhythmic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"827-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of saline drinking water on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry in crossbred Muscovy ducks.","authors":"Le Thanh Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thiet","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.782-790","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.782-790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Water quality is a critical factor in duck farming, influencing growth performance, health, and productivity. Salinity in drinking water is a concern in regions affected by saline intrusion, such as the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Notably, female ducks exhibit greater salt tolerance than males due to differences in kidney size and function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of saline drinking water on the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of crossbred Muscovy ducks (<i>Cairina moschata</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design was used, including five treatments with five replications per treatment. Each replication consisted of four crossbred Muscovy ducks, with an equal number of males and females. The treatments comprised freshwater (SW0.0) and diluted seawater with salinity levels of 0.15% (SW0.15), 0.3% (SW0.3), 0.45% (SW0.45), and 0.6% (SW0.6). Ducks were provided <i>ad libitum</i> access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Key parameters measured included dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, body weight (BW), carcass traits, meat quality, salt gland dimensions, and blood biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Saline drinking water significantly reduced DMI and BW gain, with male ducks more adversely affected than females. The final BW of males decreased with increasing salinity, while female ducks maintained stable BWs. Ducks consuming water with salinity levels of 0.45% and 0.6% had higher feed conversion ratios (4.83 and 4.68, respectively) compared to lower salinity groups (3.77-4.61). Carcass weight, breast weight, and abdominal fat percentage declined with increasing salinity, whereas thigh and drumstick weights remained unaffected. The crude protein content of thigh and drumstick meat decreased at higher salinity levels. Blood biochemical parameters, including sodium, chloride, urea, and creatinine levels, increased in ducks consuming highly saline water, indicating potential physiological stress. Ducks in higher salinity groups exhibited increased salt gland size, suggesting an adaptive response to saline conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Male crossbred Muscovy ducks can tolerate drinking water salinity levels up to 0.3%, whereas females can withstand salinity up to 0.6%. The greater salinity tolerance of female ducks makes them more suitable for farming in saline-affected areas. While increased salt gland size suggests an adaptive response, elevated blood biochemical markers indicate potential physiological stress. Future research should explore strategies to mitigate the negative effects of saline water on duck production, including dietary interventions with antioxidants such as vitamin E or selenium.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"782-790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodomyrtone-rich fractions from <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (Aiton) Hassk. leaves: A potent antimicrobial compound for <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>.","authors":"Mareena Daus, Supakit Paosen, Sakkarin Lethongkam, Suda Chakthong, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1025-1035","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1025-1035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen frequently implicated in skin and wound infections in companion animals. Its ability to form biofilms complicates treatment by increasing antibiotic resistance. Rhodomyrtone, a potent acylphloroglucinol isolated from <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i>, exhibits promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to develop rhodomyrtone-rich fractions and evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ethanolic extracts of <i>R. tomentosa</i> leaves were subjected to acetone partitioning followed by quick column chromatography, yielding fractions F1-F15. Fractions F3-F7 were selected based on thin-layer chromatography and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance for rhodomyrtone content and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25923, <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> ATCC 49444, and 10 clinical <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates was assessed using broth microdilution to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Fraction F4, with the highest rhodomyrtone content, was further investigated using time-kill kinetics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a crystal violet assay for biofilm inhibition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fraction F4 contained the highest rhodomyrtone concentration (489.08 mg/g) and demonstrated the most potent antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5 to 2 µg/mL and 2 to 8 µg/mL, respectively, against clinical isolates. The time-kill study revealed a 4-log reduction (99.99%) in bacterial load within 8 h at 2× MIC. Biofilm formation by all tested <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates was significantly inhibited at sub-MIC concentrations of F4 (p < 0.05). SEM analysis showed notable morphological disruptions in bacterial cells treated with F4, suggesting membrane damage as a possible mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fraction F4 from <i>R. tomentosa</i> leaf extract exhibited strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>, comparable to that of pure rhodomyrtone and superior to doxycycline. These findings support the potential use of rhodomyrtone-rich fractions as standardized herbal antibacterial agents in veterinary medicine, providing an effective alternative for treating drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1025-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic surveillance of influenza A virus in live bird markets during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Diana Nurjanah, Risa Indriani, Teguh Suyatno, Harimurti Nuradji","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.955-968","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.955-968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Despite the global focus on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the avian influenza virus (AIV) continues to circulate in Indonesia, particularly in traditional live bird markets (LBMs), which serve as critical nodes for virus amplification and interspecies transmission. This study aimed to investigate the co-circulation and genetic features of AIV, particularly the H9N2 subtype, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in LBMs in East Java during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Environmental surveillance was conducted in seven traditional markets across four districts in East Java Province in 2021. Surface swabs were collected from high-risk areas, including poultry display tables, knives, cutting boards, and napkins. Samples were tested using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. Positive AIV samples were further subtyped, sequenced, and analyzed for genetic markers associated with virulence, reassortment, and mammalian adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 156 samples tested, 17 (10.9%) were positive for influenza A, with 3 (1.9%) confirmed as the H9 subtype. These H9-positive samples were collected from a knife, cutting board, and napkin in the same market location in Lamongan Regency. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses revealed that two isolates (LSJ/Env/83 and LSJ/Env/84) were H9N2 reassortants, harboring key molecular markers such as Q226L, T160A, and S138A in the hemagglutinin protein, indicative of increased affinity for human-type receptors. Additional substitutions in PB2, MP, and NS1 proteins were associated with enhanced replication and virulence in mammalian and avian hosts. All samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the continued environmental circulation of reassortant H9N2 AIVs in traditional markets during the COVID-19 pandemic, with isolates displaying genetic features indicative of zoonotic potential. These findings underscore the necessity for sustained genomic surveillance and stricter biosecurity interventions in LBMs to prevent cross-species transmission and mitigate pandemic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"955-968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian native cattle breeds using microsatellite markers: A review.","authors":"Rini Hastarina, Agung Purnomoadi, Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Fatmawati Mustofa, Putu Novia Gariri, Pupus Galau Prahara, Firda Tasya Kamila, Syaddad Verahry Philco, Maulida Arkaan Muhammad Da'i, Asep Setiaji","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1036-1046","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1036-1046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia is home to a diverse array of native cattle breeds - such as Aceh, Bali, Madura, and Sumba Ongole - that are uniquely adapted to their regional environments and integral to the country's agricultural and cultural heritage. This review synthesizes current research on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Indonesian native cattle using microsatellite markers, a robust molecular tool for assessing genetic variation. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that geographical isolation, selective breeding, and human-mediated practices have shaped the genetic structure of these populations. Notably, Bali and Madura cattle exhibit distinctive genetic clusters reflecting island isolation and long-standing breeding traditions. Findings also underscore concerns regarding genetic erosion caused by uncontrolled crossbreeding with exotic breeds, which threatens local adaptability and increases the risk of inbreeding. Key genetic parameters - including allele richness, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficients - suggest varying degrees of genetic integrity among the breeds, with several populations showing signs of inbreeding depression. Microsatellite data further demonstrate clear phylogenetic separation among breeds, offering valuable insights for breed identification and conservation planning. The primary strength of this review lies in its comprehensive integration of genetic studies across diverse breeds and islands, providing a national-scale perspective. However, limitations include the underrepresentation of certain breeds and reliance on microsatellite data without integration of high-resolution genomic tools. Future research should incorporate advanced molecular techniques e.g., sngle-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and whole-genome sequencing) and longitudinal monitoring to inform targeted conservation strategies. This review advocates for the incorporation of molecular genetic data into national breeding and conservation programs. Strengthening such initiatives is essential for preserving Indonesia's indigenous cattle as valuable genetic resources for climate-resilient, sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1036-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of immunosuppression of genotype A2dB1 variant infectious bursal disease virus isolated in Malaysia using specific pathogen-free and commercial broiler chickens.","authors":"Paniz Zarghami Dastjerdi, Mohd Hair Bejo, Nor Yasmin Abd Rahaman, Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji, Roikhwan Soontravanich, Shen Rong Tai, Abdul Rahman Omar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.799-807","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.799-807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the IBD virus (IBDV), which adversely affects poultry vaccination programs. The novel variant IBDV (nvIBDV) has recently emerged in various regions, including Malaysia, raising concerns about its immunosuppressive potential and impact on Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the immunosuppressive effects of the Malaysian nvIBDV strain (UPM1432/2019) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and broiler chickens and evaluate its influence on ND vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SPF chickens were orally infected with nvIBDV across three passage levels to study virus-induced clinical signs, lesions, and atrophy. Broiler chickens were vaccinated with live and killed ND vaccines and subsequently challenged with nvIBDV to measure ND antibody titers. The genotype of nvIBDV was characterized using sequence analysis of segments A and B. Bursal histopathology and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the virus's immunosuppressive effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infected SPF chickens displayed no clinical signs but showed significant bursal atrophy and lesions across all passages (p < 0.05). Broilers infected with nvIBDV exhibited no mortality or clinical signs; however, ND antibody titers significantly declined by 14 days post-challenge (1493.0 ± 746.1) compared with the unchallenged group (2975.7 ± 189.5; p < 0.01). Histopathological analysis revealed severe depletion of the bursal follicles, lymphoid cell aggregation, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Genotyping of nvIBDV identified as genotype A2dB1, consistent with strains from other regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Malaysian nvIBDV strain causes subclinical infections in SPF and broiler chickens, resulting in bursal atrophy and reduced ND vaccine-induced antibody titers. Silent spread and immunosuppressive effects present significant challenges to poultry health management and vaccination efficacy. Enhanced diagnostic and biosecurity measures are crucial for mitigating its impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"799-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do bulls experience pain or stress during electroejaculation? Evidence from electroencephalography, behavioral, hormonal, and metabolite profiling.","authors":"Ubedullah Kaka, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Pavan Kumar, Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar, Yong-Meng Goh, Muhammad Waseem Aslam, Khaleeq Ur Rehman Bhutto, Muhammad Abdul Basit, Wasim S M Qadi, Norazlan Mohmad Misnan, Ahmed Mediani, Khor Kuan Hua","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.763-772","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.763-772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Electroejaculation (EE) is widely used for semen collection in bulls but raises concerns about animal welfare due to potential pain and stress. The physiological impact of EE on bulls remains a topic of debate, with previous studies yielding inconclusive results. This study aims to objectively evaluate pain and stress responses in bulls subjected to EE using electroencephalography (EEG) alongside hormonal, behavioral, and metabolite profiling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight bulls were subjected to EE in three replicates, with physiological and behavioral data collected before, during, and after the procedure. EEG parameters, including median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot), were analyzed to assess cortical activity indicative of pain and stress. Blood samples were evaluated for stress-related hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, β-endorphin, and dopamine), while metabolomic analysis was conducted to identify biochemical alterations associated with stress. Behavioral indicators, including vocalization and muscle spasms, were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EE induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in stress hormones at ejaculation, which gradually returned to baseline 20 min post-procedure. EEG metrics, such as MF and Ptot, significantly increased during EE (p < 0.05), indicating heightened cortical activity associated with nociception. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct biochemical shifts, with variations in glucose, taurine, and norepinephrine profiles across baseline, stimulation, and recovery phases. Behavioral observations corroborated physiological findings, with bulls exhibiting signs of discomfort, such as struggling, arched back posture, and excessive salivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined EEG, hormonal, and metabolomic findings confirm that EE is a stressful and painful procedure for bulls. The study provides robust evidence of neurophysiological and biochemical responses indicative of pain. These findings highlight the need for alternative semen collection methods to minimize animal distress and improve welfare standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"763-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}