Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Influence of lactulose as a composition of organic-mineral feed additive on broiler chicken productivity, feed digestibility, and microbiome.","authors":"Elena A Sizova, Daniil E Shoshin, Elena V Yausheva, Anastasia P Ivanishcheva, Ksenia S Nechitailo, Kristina V Ryazantseva","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2095-2105","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2095-2105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global demand for efficient poultry production necessitates alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel four-component organic-mineral feed additive (OMFA), comprising lactulose, arginine, ultrafine silicon dioxide particles, and succinic acid, and a three-component variant (without lactulose) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, elemental tissue composition, and the cecal microbiota of Arbor Acres broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and five one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into three groups: Control, Group I (four-component OMFA), and Group II (three-component OMFA). Growth metrics were recorded weekly over a 42-day period. Nutrient digestibility was assessed through balance experiments, while elemental tissue composition was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cecal microbiota profiling was conducted using 16S <i>ribosomal RNA</i> gene sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group I showed an 11.2% increase in body weight gain and a 9.6% reduction in feed conversion ratio compared to controls (p = 0.074; p = 0.063). Group II demonstrated superior weight gain (17.9%) but incurred a 3.6% increase in feed costs. Digestibility of crude fat and protein improved significantly in Group II (p = 0.037). Elemental analysis indicated that lactulose supplementation enhanced the accumulation of magnesium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and chromium in muscle tissue. Microbiota analysis revealed that Group I increased <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> abundance and suppressed <i>Pseudobdellovibrionaceae</i>, while Group II favored the proliferation of <i>Helicobacteraceae, Rikenellaceae</i>, and <i>Bacteroidaceae.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both OMFA formulations enhanced productivity and modulated gut microbiota. The four-component OMFA improved feed efficiency and mineral deposition, while the three-component version elicited greater weight gains. These findings support the incorporation of OMFA as a strategic tool in antibiotic-free poultry production. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the metabolic interactions among additive components and their long-term effects on gut health and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2095-2105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinolone resistance in <i>Riemerella anatipestifer</i> from Thai ducks: Mutation analysis of <i>gyrA, parC</i>, and <i>plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance</i> genes.","authors":"Chutima Pathomchai-Umporn, Sudtisa Laopiem, Kriangkrai Witoonsatian, Sittinee Kulprasetsri, Pun Panomwan, Thaweesak Songserm, Nuananong Sinwat","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1891-1898","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1891-1898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Riemerella anatipestifer</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium causing systemic infections in ducks, often treated with quinolones. However, increasing resistance to quinolones poses a threat to effective treatment, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain inadequately understood in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin; identify mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i>; and detect <i>plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance</i> (<i>PMQR</i>) genes in <i>R. anatipestifer</i> isolates from Thai ducks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 37 clinical isolates of <i>R. anatipestifer</i> were collected from diseased ducks between 2021 and 2023. MICs were determined using the agar dilution method, following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were employed to detect mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> and to screen for <i>PMQR</i> genes (<i>qnrA</i>, <i>qnrB</i>, and <i>qnrS</i>). Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>gyrA</i> gene was performed to assess the relatedness among isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nalidixic acid MICs ranged from 16 μg/mL to ≥128 μg/mL; ciprofloxacin from 1 μg/mL to 8 μg/mL; and enrofloxacin from 0.25 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. All isolates had a single point mutation at codon 83 of <i>gyrA</i>, either C248T (Ser83Ile, n = 35) or C248G (Ser83Arg, n = 2). No mutations were observed in <i>parC</i>, and none of the <i>PMQR</i> genes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis grouped most Thai isolates into one major cluster, with a few aligning with Chinese strains and the American Type Culture Collection reference strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of quinolone resistance mechanisms in <i>R. anatipestifer</i> from ducks in Thailand. Resistance appears primarily associated with a single mutation at codon 83 of <i>gyrA</i>, while no <i>parC</i> mutations or <i>PMQR</i> genes were detected. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing resistance surveillance and prudent antimicrobial use. Despite limitations in sample size and gene scope, this study provides essential baseline data to inform treatment guidelines and supports the inclusion of <i>R. anatipestifer</i> monitoring in Thailand's national antimicrobial resistance action plan. Future research should explore additional resistance genes using advanced genomic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1891-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid 1DCNN-GRU deep learning framework for classifying caprine granulosa cell fertility potential using single-cell transcriptomics.","authors":"Thanida Sananmuang, Denis Puthier, Kaj Chokeshaiusaha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1922-1935","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1922-1935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Granulosa cells (GCs) are crucial mediators of follicular development and oocyte competence in goats, with their gene expression profiles serving as potential biomarkers of fertility. However, the lack of a standardized, quantifiable method to assess GC quality using transcriptomic data has limited the translation of such findings into reproductive applications. This study aimed to develop a hybrid deep learning model integrating one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNNs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) to classify GCs as fertility-supporting (FS) or non-fertility-supporting (NFS) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed publicly available scRNA-seq datasets from monotocous and polytocous goats. A set of 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (False discovery rate ≤0.01, log2 fold change ≥1.5) was identified and used to distinguish FS-GCs and NFS-GCs through Leiden clustering. The expression profiles of these DEGs served as input to train a hybrid 1DCNN-GRU classifier. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized hybrid model achieved high classification performance (accuracy = 98.89%, precision = 100%, recall = 97.83%, and F1 score = 98.84%). When applied to scRNA-seq datasets, it identified a significantly higher proportion of FS-GCs in the polytocous sample (87%) compared to the monotocous sample (10.17%). DEG overlap across samples further confirmed the model's biological consistency and generalizability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first application of deep learning-based classification of goat GCs using scRNA-seq data. The hybrid 1DCNN-GRU model offers a robust and quantifiable method for evaluating GC fertility, holding promise for improving reproductive selection in livestock breeding programs. Future validation in larger datasets and across species could establish this model as a scalable molecular tool for precision livestock management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1922-1935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-warming quality of goat oocytes under heat shock stress: A study of the maturation rate, heat shock protein-70, adenosine triphosphate, and glutathione levels.","authors":"Widjiati Widjiati, Ninik Darsini, Viski Fitri Hendrawan, Sultan Fadhilla Taqwa, Zahra Shabira, Devia Yoanita Kurniawati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Indonesia's indigenous Kacang goat population is in decline, posing a threat to food security and genetic diversity. <i>In vitro</i> maturation and cryopreservation techniques are key strategies for genetic conservation. However, heat shock stress during cryopreservation can compromise oocyte viability. This study evaluates the post-warming quality of Kacang goat oocytes exposed to different cryoprotectants. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a modified cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol + 1M sucrose) with a commercial cryoprotectant in preserving post-warming oocyte quality, based on maturation rates and biomarker levels (heat shock protein 70 [HSP70], adenosine triphosphate [ATP], and glutathione [GSH]).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Oocytes were collected from goat ovaries and matured <i>in vitro</i> for 22 h. They were divided into three groups: Control (no vitrification), commercial cryoprotectant (T1), and modified cryoprotectant (T2). Post-warming quality was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HSP70, ATP, and GSH levels. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maturation rates were comparable across groups (control group [CG]: 84.3%, T1: 79.8%, T2: 77.2%; p > 0.05). HSP70 levels were significantly elevated in T2 compared to CG (p < 0.05). T2 also showed significantly higher ATP (52.13 ± 7.7 ng/mL) and GSH (1.27 ± 0.66 ng/mL) levels compared to T1 (ATP: 25.65 ± 1.63; GSH: 0.06 ± 0.01 ng/mL; p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between ATP and GSH (p = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified cryoprotectant formulation offered superior protection against cryo-induced stress, maintaining higher ATP, GSH, and HSP70 levels post-warming. This formulation holds promise for improving oocyte cryopreservation protocols and conserving the genetic resources of the Kacang goat. Further studies should assess long-term developmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2127-2135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of prolonged weaning-to-service interval in primiparous Landrace × Yorkshire sows under tropical conditions: Impact of age at first farrowing, lactation length, and litter size at weaning.","authors":"Nguyen Hoai Nam, Do Thi Kim Lanh, Nguyen Van Thanh, Bui Van Dung, Peerapol Sukon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2031-2038","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2031-2038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Primiparous sows are particularly vulnerable to prolonged weaning-to-service interval (WSI), which negatively impacts reproductive efficiency and farm profitability. This study aimed to identify critical risk factors associated with prolonged WSI (>6 days) in first-parity Landrace × Yorkshire sows raised under tropical conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using production records from 3,222 sows on a commercial farm in Central Vietnam. Data on age at first artificial insemination, age at first farrowing (AFF), lactation length (LL), litter size at weaning (LSW), number born alive (NBA), and litter birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged WSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prolonged WSI was observed in 34.6% of sows. Multivariate analysis identified three significant predictors: (1) Early AFF (302-360 days) was associated with higher odds of prolonged WSI compared to older age groups (odds ratio [OR] range: 0.38-0.51, p < 0.001). (2) Short LL (12-22 days) increased WSI risk, while LL of 25-26 days had the lowest risk (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001). (3) Higher LSW (≥12 piglets) was positively associated with prolonged WSI (OR = 1.41-1.63, p < 0.05). NBA and LBW were not significantly associated with prolonged WSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early AFF, shorter LL, and larger LSW are key risk factors for prolonged WSI. Management practices that optimize gilt development (target AFF >360 days), extend lactation to ~25 days, and avoid excessive LSW (>11 piglets) may reduce WSI and enhance reproductive performance under tropical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2031-2038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and regional risk assessment of bluetongue virus among livestock in Central Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Roua A Alsubki","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2106-2112","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2106-2112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus of major economic importance, affects domestic and wild ruminants globally and is primarily transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. The virus is endemic in many regions, yet limited data are available for Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BTV antibodies in cattle, goats, sheep, and camels across two ecologically distinct regions in central Saudi Arabia and to assess species- and region-specific risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,194 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy livestock (280 cattle, 159 camels, 429 sheep, and 326 goats) in Riyadh and Al-Qassim between October 2023 and March 2024. Samples were tested for BTV antibodies using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare prevalence rates between species and regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall BTV seroprevalence was 44.6% (533/1,194). Goats had the highest prevalence (59.8%), followed by cattle (51%), sheep (36.3%), and camels (22.6%). In Riyadh, cattle (55.7%) and goats (55%) showed the highest rates, while in Al-Qassim, goats (65.7%) were most affected. Camels consistently showed the lowest seroprevalence (18.6%-25%). Statistically significant differences in seroprevalence were observed among species and between regions (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BTV is endemic in central Saudi Arabia, with substantial species and regional variability. Goats and cattle are at higher risk, indicating a need for species-targeted surveillance and vector control. The findings support the implementation of national bluetongue monitoring strategies and lay the groundwork for future molecular and longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2106-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular phylogenetic and serological insights into <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection in aborted ewes in Iraq: A cross-border comparative analysis.","authors":"Luma F M Al-Ethafa, Ahmed Jassim Almialy, Hasanain A J Gharban, Isra'a M Essa, Sattar R S Al-Eqabi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1899-1910","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1899-1910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is a significant zoonotic pathogen linked to reproductive losses in livestock and serious health risks in humans. In Iraq, listeriosis remains underreported in sheep, with limited data on its molecular and epidemiological characteristics. This study aimed to (1) estimate the seroprevalence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in recently aborted ewes, (2) evaluate the association between seropositivity and clinical indicators, and (3) perform molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From November 2023 to August 2024, 168 aborted ewes in Wasit Province, Iraq, were sampled for vaginal swabs and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for serological screening, while DNA extracted from swabs underwent PCR amplification targeting the <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed using MEGA-11 software. Clinical data were statistically correlated with seropositivity using odds ratios (OR) and relative risk (RR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ELISA revealed a seroprevalence of 23.21%, with the majority of infections classified as mild. PCR confirmed <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in 3.57% of swabs. Seropositivity significantly correlated with vaginal discharge (30.08%, p = 0.0121), retained placenta, and recent abortion history. Higher infection risk was observed in ewes with no or single previous abortions (OR = 2.464; RR = 2.207) and in flocks with ≤10% abortion rates (OR = 3.729; RR = 2.731). Phylogenetic analysis of six local isolates (GenBank IDs PQ865989.1-PQ865994.1) revealed 96.43%-97.62% sequence identity with an Iranian reference strain (MT071644.1), suggesting regional transmission links.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to molecularly characterize ovine <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in Iraq, revealing both the prevalence of subclinical infection and cross-border phylogenetic relationships. The integration of serological and molecular diagnostics highlighted underrecognized infections and provided novel insights into the epidemiology of strains. Findings emphasize the need for broader regional surveillance, improved diagnostic protocols, and biosecurity measures in ovine reproductive health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1899-1910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the nutritional profile of purple sweet potato flour through fermentation with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> InaCC B157: A functional food perspective.","authors":"Tiurma Pasaribu, Yati Sudaryati Soeka, Novik Nurhidayat, Suciatmih Suciatmih, Titin Yulinery, Evi Triana, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, Ninik Setyowati, Desty Dwi Sulistyowati, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1870-1880","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1870-1880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Purple sweet potatoes (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> var. Ayamurasaki) possess high nutritional potential due to their rich content of amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids. However, their nutritional profile can be further improved through fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> InaCC B157 to enhance the biochemical and functional composition of purple sweet potato flour.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six <i>L. plantarum</i> strains were screened for enzymatic activities. The strain with the highest amylolytic, proteolytic, and qualitative cellulolytic activity (InaCC B157) was selected for solid-state fermentation of purple sweet potato flour. Fermented <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> flour (FIB) and unfermented <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> flour (UIB) samples were analyzed for amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid content, along with vitamins A and C, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. Microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fermentation significantly increased the levels of essential amino acids - histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine (excluding lysine) - and non-essential amino acids, including glutamine, serine, glycine, and tyrosine. Mineral concentrations of zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus improved by up to 17.65%, while copper decreased. Linoleic and linolenic acids increased by 55.5% and 100%, respectively. Protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamins A and C also increased, while ash, anthocyanins, phenols, and steroids showed a decline. Antioxidant activity increased by 13.7%. SEM analysis revealed no substantial morphological differences between FIB and UIB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fermentation of purple sweet potato flour with <i>L. plantarum</i> InaCC B157 significantly enhanced its nutritional value, particularly amino acid, mineral, and essential fatty acid profiles. These findings support the potential application of fermented purple sweet potato as a functional food and sustainable feed ingredient. Limitations include the lack of sensory evaluation and long-term stability data. Future studies should investigate sensory profiling, shelf-life extension, and optimization of fermentation parameters to further enhance the application of this functional ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1870-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of mycotoxin residues and activation of endogenous stem cells in broiler chickens using a toxin binder: Implications for meat safety and performance enhancement.","authors":"Erma Safitri, Hery Purnobasuki, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Suzanita Utama, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Mirni Lamid, Mutmainah Wardatul Jannah, Siti Darodjah, Goo Jang, Mitsuhiro Takagi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1850-1862","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1850-1862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed, particularly with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), poses significant threats to broiler health, meat quality, and consumer safety. Toxin binders are commonly used to mitigate these effects; however, their impact on endogenous stem cell activity and overall broiler performance remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial toxin binder in reducing AFB1 and OTA residues in broiler meat, inducing endogenous stem cell production, and improving growth and feed performance indices.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to four groups: Negative control (C-), positive control with mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+), treatment 1 (T1: 1.1 g/kg binder), and treatment 2 (T2: 1.6 g/kg binder). Broilers were fed for 35 days. AFB1 and OTA levels in pectoral muscles were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, while endogenous stem cell markers (CD34+, CD45+, CD105-) in spleen tissue were assessed through flow cytometry. Growth parameters, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and performance index were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFB1 and OTA residues were significantly reduced in T1 and T2 compared to C+ (p < 0.05), with T2 showing the lowest levels (0.0023 μg/mL and 0.073 μg/mL, respectively). Flow cytometry revealed that T2 significantly induced endogenous stem cells (35.62% ± 2.16) compared to all other groups. The highest average daily growth occurred in T1 (68.78 ± 4.78 g/day), while the best FCR (1.38 ± 0.079) and performance index (386.2 ± 14.34) were also recorded in T1. No mortality occurred in any group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administering a toxin binder at 1.6 g/kg effectively reduced AFB1 and OTA residues and significantly activated endogenous stem cells, suggesting a protective and regenerative effect. Meanwhile, a dose of 1.1 g/kg yielded optimal growth performance and feed efficiency. These findings support the dual functional role of toxin binders in enhancing broiler meat safety and physiological resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1850-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood vinegar as a natural alternative to antibiotics: Effects on cecal microbiota, antioxidant status, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.","authors":"Sola Samson Emmanuel, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Henny Akit, Muhamad Faris Ab Aziz, Eric Lim Teik Chung","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1911-192","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1911-192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antibiotic resistance has spurred interest in alternative feed additives for poultry. Wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of plant pyrolysis, contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of WV supplementation through drinking water on the cecal microbial population, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 432 1-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 72 per group; 6 replicates of 12 birds each). Treatments included a negative control (T₁), a positive control with 0.02% oxytetracycline (T₂), and WV-supplemented groups at dilution ratios of 1:100 (T₃), 1:200 (T₄), 1:500 (T₅), and 1:1000 (T₆) in drinking water. The experiment lasted 35 days. Plasma antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), VFA profiles, ileal digestibility (crude protein [CP], ash, ether extract [EE]), and cecal microbial populations were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using the General Linear Model and Duncan's multiple range tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WV supplementation enhanced antioxidant status, with significant increases in GPx (T₅ and T₆) and T-AOC (T₆), while CAT and SOD remained unaffected. T₅ significantly elevated acetic, butyric, and total VFA levels. WV-treated birds (T₃-T₆) showed reduced <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Enterobacteria</i> counts and increased bifidobacteria and total bacteria compared with controls. T₄ showed the highest digestibility of CP, while T₅ significantly improved ash and EE digestibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WV supplementation, particularly at a 1:200 dilution (T₄), effectively improved gut microbial balance, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoted nutrient digestibility. These results support WV as a viable natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1911-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}