Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of melatonin on <i>in vitro</i> oocyte maturation and embryo development in pigs.","authors":"Laura Andrea Blancas-Alvarez, Alma Lilia Alvarez-Guerrero, Alicia Alcantar-Rodriguez, Alfredo Medrano","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1234-1241","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1234-1241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>In vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) efficiency in pigs remains suboptimal, partly due to oxidative stress during oocyte maturation and embryo development. Melatonin (MLT), an endogenous antioxidant, has been proposed as a beneficial supplement in reproductive culture systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of MLT on <i>in vitro</i> porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ovaries were obtained from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughterhouse. A total of 1142 cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) were allocated into four groups and matured <i>in vitro</i> with 0, 1, 3, or 5 μM MLT for 44 h. Oocyte maturation was assessed using aceto-orcein staining and viability with trypan blue staining. Subsequently, 1312 COC underwent IVF using a standardized sperm concentration, followed by embryo culture in North Carolina State University-23 medium supplemented with corresponding MLT concentrations for 8 days. Embryo development was classified according to cleavage, morula, and early blastocyst stages. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although supplementation with 1.0 μM MLT resulted in the highest metaphase II oocyte maturation rate (45.9% ± 5.70%) and blastocyst formation (26.9% ± 9.57%), no significant differences were observed among treatments in either oocyte maturation, COC viability, or embryo development stages (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation with 0-5 μM MLT during oocyte maturation and embryo culture did not significantly enhance <i>in vitro</i> maturation rates or embryonic developmental outcomes in pigs. Further investigations are warranted to optimize MLT concentrations and elucidate its mechanistic role during porcine oocyte and embryo <i>in vitro</i> culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1234-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lung cancer mouse model system based on an inbred C3H strain: Ultrasound imaging, pathological analysis, and proteomic biomarker identification.","authors":"Ulayatul Kustiati, Wahyu Tri Widayati, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Dinda Aliffia, Wilda Bunga Tina Sanjaya, Hevi Wihadmadyatami","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1101-1108","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1101-1108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating robust animal models for research into its mechanisms and therapeutic options. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel lung cancer mouse model using the inbred C3H strain through intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of benzo(a)pyrene, offering insights into hematology, pathology, imaging, and proteomic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve male inbred C3H mice were assigned to non-treated and treatment groups, with the latter receiving 100 mg/kg body weight of benzo(a)pyrene intraperitoneally. Tumor development was monitored for 15 days using hematological analysis, ultrasound imaging (Vevo F2), histopathological assessment, and proteomic profiling through liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hematological analysis indicated a decrease in white blood cells, lymphopenia, and neutropenia, while red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets remained within normal ranges. Ultrasound imaging revealed tumor formation as hypoechoic areas with irregular patterns on the lung surface. The histological analysis highlighted lymphocyte infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, fibroelastosis, and dysplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium. Proteomic profiling identified specific biomarkers associated with lung cancer, including A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 12, abnormal spindle, adducin-3, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, Agrin, apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma isoforms B oncogene, breast cancer gene 2, hypoxia-induced gene-1, leucine-rich repeat-containing 2, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X2, membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, rat sarcoma virus-related protein 14, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The I.P administration of benzo(a)pyrene in C3H mice effectively induced lung cancer, demonstrating significant pathological and biomarker changes. This model provides a valuable platform for investigating lung cancer mechanisms, evaluating new therapeutic approaches, and potentially shortening the timeframe required to establish reliable animal models for preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1101-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of <i>splicing factor 3A subunit 3/PstI</i> gene and its association with the performance of Madura cows (<i>Bos indicus</i>).","authors":"Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hartati Hartati, Endang Tri Margawati, Mariyono Mariyono, Tulus Maulana, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1306-1312","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1306-1312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Madura cattle (<i>Bos indicus</i>), a native Indonesian breed, are primarily raised for meat production and possess unique genetic characteristics shaped by crossbreeding with <i>Bos javanicus</i>, <i>Bos taurus</i>, and <i>B. indicus</i>. Despite their cultural and economic importance, limited molecular studies have explored candidate genes influencing their productive traits. This study aimed to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g.1292A>T (rs473122879) in intron 2 of the <i>Splicing Factor 3A Subunit 3</i> (<i>SF3A3</i>) gene and to evaluate its association with key phenotypic traits in Madura cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 49 adult Madura cows (>3 years) were sampled from two breeding locations: Java (n = 29) and Madura Island (n = 20). Body weight, withers height, hip height, body length (BL), and heart girth were measured using standardized morphometric techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification targeting a 633 bp fragment of the <i>SF3A3</i> gene. Genotyping of SNP g.1292A>T was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism with <i>PstI</i> enzyme digestion. Sequencing analysis was conducted for genotype confirmation. Genetic diversity indices and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were assessed, and association between genotype and phenotypic traits was evaluated using a general linear model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two genotypes, TT (0.69) and AT (0.31), were identified; the AA genotype was absent in all samples. The polymorphism was under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ² < 3.84) with a moderate polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.23). A significant association was found between <i>SF3A3</i>/<i>PstI</i> polymorphism and BL in cows from Madura Island (p < 0.05), with heterozygous (AT) individuals exhibiting superior morphometric traits compared to TT homozygotes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>SF3A3</i>/<i>PstI</i> gene is polymorphic in Madura cows and exhibits moderate genetic diversity. The presence of the g.1292A>T SNP is significantly associated with BL, particularly in animals from their native breeding environment. These findings suggest the potential utility of <i>SF3A3</i>/<i>PstI</i> as a genetic marker in molecular selection strategies aimed at improving Madura cattle productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1306-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potency of <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chicken challenged with avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Lilik Maslachah, Amung Logam Saputro, Efi Rokana, Andreas Berny Yulianto, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Muhammad Aviv Firdaus, Himatul Ilma Silfia, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Tabita Dameria Marbun, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Muhammad Shakeel","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1180-1189","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1180-1189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the widespread use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) necessitates the exploration of sustainable alternatives in poultry production. This study evaluated the efficacy of <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> as a probiotic alternative to AGPs in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC), with a focus on growth performance, antioxidant status, lipid metabolism, and hematological profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 80 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four groups: T0 (uninfected control), T1 (APEC-infected control), T2 (APEC + AGP, 0.1% zinc bacitracin), and T3 (APEC + probiotic, 0.5% <i>L. paracasei</i>). Treatments were administered from day 15 to 35 post-hatch, following a 2-week adaptation period. Performance indicators (feed conversion ratio [FCR], body weight gain [BWG], and feed efficiency [FE]), antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), lipid profiles (cholesterol, HDL, and LDL), and hematological variables were assessed. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Probiotic supplementation significantly improved FCR, BWG, and FE (p < 0.05), with the T3 group achieving the most favorable outcomes. SOD activity was markedly higher, and MDA levels were reduced in probiotic-treated birds compared with the AGP and infected groups. Moreover, <i>L. paracasei</i> administration resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL levels while maintaining moderate HDL concentrations. Hemoglobin and thrombocyte levels were modestly influenced, though overall hematological profiles remained stable across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>L. paracasei</i> supplementation significantly enhanced growth performance, antioxidant defense, and lipid metabolism in broilers challenged with APEC, supporting its application as a viable alternative to AGPs. These findings contribute to sustainable poultry production practices and public health safety by mitigating the reliance on antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1180-1189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health serosurveillance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in domestic animals from the metropolitan area of Panama.","authors":"Sulamith Del C Pacheco, Alanis J Jimenez, Giselle A Rangel, Claudia Del C Rengifo-Herrera","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1082-1089","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1082-1089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised concern regarding anthropozoonotic transmission to domestic animals, posing potential public and veterinary health risks. Latin America remains underrepresented in seroepidemiological assessments of such zoonotic spillover. This study aimed to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in domestic dogs and cats in Panama using a One Health surveillance framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted between October 2022 and December 2023 across the metropolitan area of Panama City. Serum samples from 341 animals (198 dogs and 143 cats) were analyzed using a commercial double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. A historical panel of 100 pre-pandemic canine and feline samples was also tested. Demographic, clinical, and exposure data were collected through owner questionnaires, and statistical associations with seropositivity were assessed using univariate tests and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seropositivity was detected in 12/341 animals (3.5%; 95% confidence interval: 1.96-6.11%), comprising 9 dogs (4.5%) and 3 cats (2.1%). In addition, 2/100 pre-pandemic canine samples (2.0%) tested positive. Most seropositive animals (75%) were reported to have lived in households with confirmed COVID-19 cases, although this variable was not statistically associated with seropositivity. Regression analysis identified ideal body condition as a significant predictor (p = 0.016), while sampling location and demographic variables were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in domestic pets in Panama. While low in prevalence, the findings underscore the relevance of community-based animal surveillance and reveal possible serological cross-reactivity with endemic canine coronaviruses. The data support the continued integration of domestic animal monitoring into One Health strategies to preempt zoonotic risks and improve pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1082-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of early postpartum behavioral patterns on the fertility and milk production of tropical dairy cows.","authors":"Aqeel Raza, Kumail Abbas, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai, Henk Hogeveen, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Early postpartum behavioral patterns are pivotal indicators of dairy cow health, reproductive success, and lactation performance, particularly under the environmental stressors of tropical climates. This study aimed to investigate how these behavioral patterns, as captured by smart biosensor data, influence reproductive outcomes, and milk yield in Holstein Friesian cows, with specific emphasis on parity differences and behavioral clustering.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 227 Holstein Friesian cows, categorized by parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), were monitored using AfiTag-II accelerometers from 3 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. Behavioral variables - activity, rest time, rest per bout, and restlessness ratio - were subjected to K-means clustering to identify distinct behavioral profiles. Reproductive performance was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, while lactation dynamics were modeled using the Wood function to estimate peak yield, peak time, and persistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct behavioral clusters were identified. Primiparous cows in Cluster 1 showed the highest early postpartum activity (~300 min/day at 5 days in milk [DIM]) and restlessness ratios, while multiparous cows exhibited more stable behavioral profiles. Cox regression suggested that cows in Cluster 0 had a higher, although non-significant, likelihood of estrus onset at 40 DIM (Hazard ratio = 1.44, p = 0.09). Lactation modeling revealed that multiparous cows in Cluster 0 attained the highest cumulative milk yield (4896.6 ± 252.1 kg at 305 DIM), while the single cow in Cluster 2 exhibited an atypical lactation curve with a delayed peak and reduced persistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum behavioral clustering reveals parity-specific lactation and reproductive trajectories in tropical dairy cows. Higher activity and restlessness ratios may delay estrus and compromise milk yield, underscoring the potential of behavioral monitoring for targeted reproductive and nutritional management. Integration of sensor-based clustering with routine herd monitoring may support early identification of cows at risk of suboptimal performance, improving reproductive efficiency and milk production in tropical dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1109-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker-based evaluation of aflatoxin B1 exposure in cattle.","authors":"Priyadharshini Ponnusamy, Umaya Suganthi Rajendran, Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair, Uma Sambath, Raja Kumar, Jacob Thanislass, Avinash Warundeo Lakkawar, Vijayalakshmi Padmanaban, Poobitha Subbarayan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in cattle traditionally relies on feed analysis, which may not reflect chronic exposure or accurately indicate individual susceptibility. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts as biomarkers for assessing individual chronic AFB1 exposure in cattle, irrespective of immediate feed contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 53 crossbred cattle from farms, clinical veterinary cases, and slaughterhouses in Puducherry, India. Feed samples (n = 40) from farm and clinical cases were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AFB1 exposure was quantified by measuring serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, a novel method was developed to synthesize the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPy) adduct <i>in vitro</i> and the synthesized adduct was characterized to serve as a standard for DNA adduct quantification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFB1 was detected in 50% of feed samples, with 70% of positive samples exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 20 μg/kg. Despite variable feed contamination, serum AFB1-albumin and blood AFB1-DNA adducts were consistently detected across all animal categories. Median AFB1-albumin adduct levels were similar among farm (0.730 pg/mg), clinical (0.670 pg/mg), and slaughterhouse (0.770 pg/mg) cattle (p = 0.731). Median AFB1-DNA adduct levels were highest in slaughterhouse cattle (18.33 pmol/μg DNA), followed by farm (14.76 pmol/μg DNA) and clinical cases (7.47 pmol/μg DNA), although differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.328). No significant correlation was observed between feed contamination levels and biomarker concentrations, highlighting the chronic nature of AFB1 exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The consistent detection of AFB1-albumin and AFB1-DNA adducts in cattle, irrespective of detectable aflatoxin levels in feed, underscores the limitations of traditional feed analysis for monitoring chronic exposure. The novel synthesis and robust detection of AFB1-FAPy DNA adducts further enhance the reliability of these biomarkers. These biomarkers are minimally invasive, sensitive, and valuable for chronic aflatoxin exposure assessment, aiding proactive management strategies to safeguard animal health and public food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1297-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovicidal effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on gastrointestinal nematodes' eggs from sheep.","authors":"Yandra Thais Rocha da Mota, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Moacir Franco de Oliveira, Ana Karolinne de Alencar França, Andressa Marcelly Silvestre Pereira, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Maíra Fasciotti, Lúcio César Dantas de Medeiros, Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna Bezerra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) significantly impair small ruminant production globally, particularly in tropical regions. Anthelmintic resistance due to the indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs has necessitated the search for sustainable, plant-based alternatives. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, possesses bioactive compounds with potential anthelmintic activity. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> ovicidal efficacy of eucalyptus WV and WV derived from co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with <i>Origanum majorana</i> (marjoram) against eggs of GINs from naturally infected sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>WV samples were produced through controlled pyrolysis and refined through sequential vacuum distillation. Egg hatchability tests were performed using five WV concentrations (0.3125%-5% g/100 mL), with thiabendazole as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Egg counts, species identification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate structural changes. The chemical compositions of the WVs were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both WVs exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with eucalyptus WV achieving 97% inhibition at 1.25%, and the marjoram-enriched WV reaching 100% inhibition at 5%. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, furfural, thymol, and eucalyptol, the latter two being exclusive to the marjoram formulation. SEM micrographs confirmed morphological deformations in treated eggs, including loss of symmetry and membrane integrity. The synergistic interaction among bioactive components, particularly thymol, eucalyptol, and furfural, is proposed as the mechanism enhancing ovicidal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eucalyptus WV, particularly when enriched with <i>O. majorana</i> through co-pyrolysis, exhibits potent ovicidal effects against GINs in sheep. These findings support the potential use of WVs as eco-friendly anthelmintic alternatives in integrated parasite management strategies for small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1156-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological response and blood glucose level in a diabetic animal model after the oral administration of <i>Mucuna pruriens</i>: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih, Dian Meididewi Nuraini, Morsid Andityas, Ariana Ariana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1377-1388","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1377-1388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Mucuna pruriens</i> (MP) has emerged as a promising natural antidiabetic agent due to its rich bioactive composition. Although numerous preclinical studies have reported its hypoglycemic and histological benefits, a comprehensive synthesis quantifying these effects has been lacking. This study systematically evaluated the dual impact of orally administered MP extract on histopathological changes and blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) without date restrictions. Eligible <i>in vivo</i> studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation tools. Histological outcomes were summarized descriptively, while blood glucose levels were analyzed quantitatively using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on MP concentration, duration of administration, and plant part used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, with 13 eligible for meta-analysis. MP extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with an overall standardized mean difference of -18.36 (95% confidence intervals: -21.22, -15.51; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that lower MP doses (≤100 mg/kg) achieved superior glycemic control with prolonged administration (>4 weeks), whereas higher doses (≥200 mg/kg) were most effective within 1-4 weeks. Histological analysis indicated regenerative effects of MP on the pancreas, liver, pituitary gland, and corpus cavernosum. Seed extracts exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect compared to leaf extracts. Potential publication bias was detected but was addressed through trim-and-fill analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MP extract demonstrates significant antidiabetic potential through glycemic regulation and organ tissue restoration. Lower concentrations are preferable for long-term administration, while higher concentrations are optimal for short-term therapy. The findings advocate MP as a valuable candidate for integrative diabetes management strategies. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate its translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1377-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with oral omega-3 supplementation, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.","authors":"William Dos Santos Villa, João Victor Goulart Consoni Passareli, Giovana José Garcia Estanho, Marco Aurélio da Cruz Nobre Gomes, Gisele Alborghetti Nai, Cecília Laposy Santarém, Silvia Franco Andrade","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1262-1273","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1262-1273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the canine ocular surface primarily caused by immune-mediated destruction of lacrimal tissues. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, while omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids possess immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable homologous PRP (HPRP), alone or in combination with oral ω-3 supplementation, in improving clinical and histopathological parameters in dogs with KCS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-two dogs (44 eyes) with bilateral KCS were randomized into two treatment groups: HPRP (n = 22 eyes) and HPRP plus oral ω-3 (HPRPO; n = 22 eyes). Treatments were administered monthly for up to three sessions alongside topical lubricants. Ophthalmological evaluations - including Schirmer's tear test-1 (STT-1), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, cytology of the third eyelid gland, and conjunctival histopathology - were performed at baseline and at monthly intervals up to 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in ocular clinical signs and tear secretion. STT-1 values significantly increased from baseline in both groups (p < 0.05), without significant intergroup differences. However, TBUT values were significantly higher in the HPRPO group from month 3 onwards (p < 0.05). Cytological and histological analyses revealed a significant reduction in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts and an increase in goblet cell numbers in both groups, with greater improvement in the HPRPO group (p < 0.05). Earlier resolution of corneal ulcers and reduced ocular inflammation were observed in the HPRPO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Injectable HPRP, particularly when combined with oral ω-3 supplementation, is an effective therapeutic modality for managing KCS in dogs. The combination therapy enhanced tear film stability, reduced ocular inflammation, and promoted epithelial repair more effectively than HPRP alone. These findings support the synergistic effect of ω-3 fatty acids with PRP in ocular surface restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1262-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}