Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"First detection and impact of bovine herpesvirus type 4 on dairy cattle reproduction in Thailand.","authors":"Ruchikon Jongsuwanwattana, Piyathip Setthawong, Siriwat Suadsong, Sudson Sirivaidyapong, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2259-2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2259-2266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Postpartum reproductive tract infections pose significant challenges to dairy farms, leading to economic losses due to reduced fertility associated with uterine inflammation. In veterinary practice, numerous research groups have explored the underlying causes of subfertility in cows, including surveying endemic viral infections related to endometritis in local areas. This study investigated bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infection in Thai dairy herds and assessed its impact on endometritis and subsequent reproductive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study analyzed BoHV-4 DNA in various samples, including milk, blood, and endometrial tissue, from 44 Holstein-Friesian cows 21-47 days postpartum across five dairy herds in Central Thailand. BoHV-4 glycoprotein B and thymidine kinase DNA sequences were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR, with sequence comparisons made to GenBank data for phylogenetic analysis. The endometritis status was diagnosed through vaginal mucus examination and endometrial cytology, with reproductive performance monitored up to the subsequent calving.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BoHV-4 DNA was identified in blood and endometrial tissues (15.91%) but not in milk samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the local BoHV-4 strains are similar to those identified in Brazil and Japan. Notably, the presence of BoHV-4 was correlated with reduced postpartum reproductive performance, particularly extending the interval from calving to the first service.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the importance of integrating BoHV-4 genomic surveys and uterine health assessments to refine reproductive management strategies within the dairy industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2259-2266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and polymorphism of genes associated with meat quality and growth traits of A Luoi Yellow cattle in Vietnam.","authors":"Thu Nu Anh Le, Huong Thi Duong, Phuong Thi Lan Le, Thuong Thi Nguyen, Thuan Thi Duy Phan, Phung Dinh Le, Van Huu Nguyen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2295-2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2295-2303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>A Luoi Yellow cattle is an indigenous cattle breed that is raised in the A Luoi District, Vietnam, characterized by its small body size, high adaptability, and meat quality favored by domestic consumers. Marker-assisted selection is an effective approach for improving breeding genetics and sustainably developing livestock production. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and polymorphism of genes associated with meat quality and productivity in the A Luoi Yellow cattle population with the goal of future breeding selection and sustainable development of the A Luoi Yellow beef brand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we genotyped six functional genes, including Leptin (<i>LEP</i>), Calpastatin (<i>CAST</i>), Calpain 1, pleomorphic adenoma gene 1, Sirtuin 1, and Sirtuin 2 (<i>SIRT2</i>), involved in meat quality and growth traits using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We also investigated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the Y chromosome-specific gene on the Y chromosome to elucidate the genetic diversity and paternal and maternal origin of the A Luoi Yellow cattle using Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that A Luoi yellow cattle have <i>Bos indicus</i> origin from both paternal and maternal lineages. By mtDNA analysis, we identified two new haplotypes of the I1 haplogroup that were not previously detected. The genotyping of the six functional genes indicated that A Luoi Yellow cattle carry favorable alleles that increase meat tenderness and body size, with frequencies of 0.02-0.40. In particular, the presence of desirable homozygous genotypes of the <i>CAST</i>, <i>LEP</i>, and <i>SIRT2</i> genes will be important for the future selection of animals based on their potential performance in meat quality and productivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study is useful for the future breeding and sustainable development of A Luoi Yellow cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2295-2303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological patterns and immunophenotyping of feline lymphomas and incidence in Metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand.","authors":"Jedsada Siripoonsub, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Somporn Techangamsuwan, Anudep Rungsipipat","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2225-2234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2225-2234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Feline lymphomas are categorized based on the location of tumor cells, with anatomical classifications including alimentary, mediastinal, multicentric, and extranodal forms. Accurate diagnosis and classification of feline lymphoma are paramount for enhancing treatment and prognosis. T-cell lymphomas are CD3 positive, while B-cell lymphomas exhibit positive forCD20, CD79α, and paired box 5 (PAX5). The aims of this study were (1) to classify feline lymphoma in each anatomical subtype using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification to provide information on epidemiological findings; (2) to investigate the expression and detection of B-cell lymphoma, various antibodies will be used, with the addition of PAX5, for clearer results; and (3) to gather more extensive information about feline lymphoma in Thailand, particularly in the Bangkok area.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From 2011 to 2023, 86 sample tissues were submitted for routine pathological examination at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect an immunophenotype of PAX5, CD79α, CD20 (B-cell lineage), and CD3 (T-cell lineage). Eighty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues were prepared on silane-coated slides. After IHC, all cases were classified according to the WHO classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common form of lymphoma in this study was extranodal lymphoma at 37.2% (32/86), followed by multicentric lymphoma at 31.3% (27/74), mediastinal lymphoma at 17.4% (15/86), and alimentary lymphoma at 14% (12/86). Most extranodal lymphoma cases were in the nasal region. From the anatomical form, multicentric and extranodal lymphomas were predominantly diffuse large B-cell high-grade, while mediastinal lymphomas were small low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Alimentary lymphomas occur in various types, with most being the B-cell type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that extranodal lymphoma and extranodal lymphoma are the most frequent presentations found in cats in Bangkok. Mediastinal and alimentary lymphomas still occur. The utilization of various B-cell markers in combination could aid pathologists in distinguishing between various stages of B-cell maturation, assessing tumor cell heterogeneity, and determining the phenotype in scenarios where there is a loss of common B-cell markers diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is the most prevalent subtype of feline lymphoma. Significantly, relying solely on immunochemistry with one parameter may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, as another parameter may also be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2225-2234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional study of antibiotic resistance to <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in cats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Dili, Timor-Leste.","authors":"Widagdo Sri Nugroho, Antonino Do Karmo, Gustaf Eifel Silalahi, Elphan Augusta Kajang, Putu Cri Devischa Gallantiswara","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2347-2354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2347-2354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antibiotics are used in veterinary clinics and animal hospitals to treat infectious diseases. However, the improper use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance, which threatens future disease therapeutics in pet animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in cats and their resistance to antibiotics in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia (IDN), and Dili, Timor-Leste (TL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 255 cat's rectal swab samples from veterinary clinics and hospitals in Yogyakarta Province, IDN, and Dili, TL were collected. All samples were transferred aseptically into an enrichment medium and subjected to various culture tests for <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. identification. All identified isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study successfully isolated <i>E. coli</i> from 172/255 (67.45%) rectal swab samples, that is, 122/188 samples (64.89%) from Yogyakarta Province, IDN, and 50/67 samples (74.6%) from Dili, TL. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was isolated from 13/188 samples (6.91%) from Yogyakarta, IDN. The antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that more than 30% of <i>E. coli</i> were resistant to ampicillin (AMP) (IDN = 39.3%, TL = 50%) and tetracycline (TE) (IDN = 41.8%, TL = 42%), and more than 40% of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were resistant to enrofloxacin (44%), TE (56%), streptomycin (61%), and AMP (83%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. succeeded isolation in cats from IDN and TL, and some isolates were resistant to antibiotics. Cats with diarrhea or digestive problems have a 9.5-fold increased risk of infection by <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Considering the prevalence of resistance to <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp., it is important to manage antibiotic resistance distribution across companion animals and humans because both species share the same living environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2347-2354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Combating biofilms of multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> RM-Ph8 and modulating the immune response in the liver tissue of rats.","authors":"Mohamed T Shaaban, Sahar H Orabi, Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid, Reda M S Korany, Fatimah M Alshehrei, Rania Hamed Elbawab","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2211-2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2211-2224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains poses a significant threat to healthcare settings. Although various studies have explored alternative antibiotics, discovering novel therapeutic agents remains crucial. This study aimed to synthesize green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as bactericidal agents, identify a multidrug-resistant isolate of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and explore their biofilm formation ability. To estimate the role of phyto-AgNPs in the perfection of immune markers and healing hepatic lesions <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The clinical isolate of MRSA was identified using 16S rRNA New green AgNPs derived from <i>Artemisia annua</i> extract were synthesized. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated for fighting MRSA biofilm. A study was conducted on rats to evaluate the effect of new NPs on their immune response to MRSA infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The new clinical isolate of MRSA RM-Ph8 was identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis as <i>S. aureus</i>, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed that the new strain was similar to <i>S. aureus</i> with 98.12% identity with accession number OQ421819. The FTIR of the new phyto-AgNPs displayed different functional groups that work as reducing silver nitrate agents. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed spherical particles with an average diameter of 6-28 nm smaller. The chemical method led to complete cell destruction of the multidrug strain within 24 h. Biofilm formation showed that the new MRSA clinical strain was strongly adherent (88%). Notably, the phyto-AgNPs exhibited significant bactericidal activity against the new MRSA strain, with an MIC of up to 50 mg/mL. Moreover, phyto-AgNPs significantly decreased reversed MRSA-induced liver and kidney function impairment, with improvement in both the histopathological lesions and immune histochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase at p < 0.05 compared with the untreated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green AgNPs are a promising therapeutic approach against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, surpassing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2211-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exonic mutations of POU class 1 homeobox 1 are associated with milk pH in high-producing Holstein Friesian cows.","authors":"Muhammad Cahyadi, Ammar Ibnu Hasan, Djorodjatun Samodro Sakti, Nasta 'Ainun Nissa, Ahmad Pramono, Suryo Firmanto, Rizwan Nur Friyatna, Slamet Diah Volkandari, Pita Sudrajad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2304-2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2304-2310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Milk physicochemical properties play essential role in the milk processing industry, which are moderately to highly affected by genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU class 1 homeobox 1 (<i>POU1F1</i>) and the physicochemical properties of milk in high-producing Holstein Friesian (HF) cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 149 high-producing dairy cows from PT Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan was included in this study. The physicochemical properties of milk, including density, freezing point, pH, lactose, solid non-fat, protein, and ash content, were determined. Moreover, three polymorphisms within the exon regions of <i>POU1F1</i> (c.195G>A, c.300G>T, and c.828G>A) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between these polymorphisms and the physicochemical properties of milk was determined using a mixed-effects model analysis, in which the lactation period was used as a covariate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found that two polymorphisms, c.195G>A and c.828G>A, significantly affected the pH of fresh milk. Cows with both the GG genotypes c.195G>A and c.828G>A had lower milk pH values than those with the other genotypes. In addition, a non-significant effect of <i>POU1F1</i> was observed on the other physicochemical properties of milk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two <i>POU1F1</i> polymorphisms determined the pH of fresh milk in the Indonesian HF population. These are potential marker candidates for milk pH that directly affect the development of dairy products in the milk processing industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2304-2310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish diversity assessment through conventional morphological identification and recent advances in Saudi Arabia: A review.","authors":"Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Muhammad Ar Rozzaaq Nugraha, Novi Rosmala Dewi, Muhammad Awaluddin, Pei Wen Tang, Helen Indah Pardede, Lafi Al Solami, Laksmi Sulmartiwi, Mohamed Ahmed Abu El-Regal","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2267-2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2267-2285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish identification in the Red Sea, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has a long history. Because of the vast fish diversity in Saudi Arabia, proper species identification is required. Indeed, identifying fish species is critical for biodiversity conservation, food and drug safety, and sustainable fishery management. Numerous approaches have been used to identify fish species, including conventional morphological identification, next-generation sequencing (NGS), nanopore sequencing, DNA barcoding, and environmental DNA analysis. In this review, we collected as much scientific information as possible on species identification in Saudi Arabia. Our findings suggest that the identification process has advanced and spread rapidly and broadly, as evidenced by the discovery of new fish species in Saudi Arabia. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed as part of a comprehensive comparison. This study aimed to provide further scientific knowledge to promote the growth of fish diversity worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2267-2285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the incubation conditions of third-stage larvae of the camel nasal bot <i>Cephalopina titillator</i> (Diptera: Oestridae) for harvesting adult flies.","authors":"Mohammad Nafi Solaiman Al-Sabi, Hams Almohammed, Fatema Alghatam, Ghadeer Alhafiz, Omar Al-Jabr, Ahmed M A Meligy","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2322-2328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2322-2328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Understanding the developmental conditions of <i>Cephalopina titillator</i> larvae and their effect on the success of pupation and adult emergence can help prevent and control this disease in camels. Incubating <i>C. titillator</i> larvae <i>in vitro</i> requires optimized conditions that have not been adequately reported in the literature. This study aimed to optimize conditions for harvesting adult flies from third-stage larvae (L3).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>L3 collected from naturally infested camels was washed in sterile saline, weighed, and placed in vials containing local sand. The vials were covered with gauze and incubated at 30°C-36°C with 60%-62% relative humidity in an environmental chamber.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A minimum critical weight of 754 mg per larva was found to be essential for the successful eclosion of the adults, regardless of the sex of the emerged flies. The pupariation period lasted 1-8 days (d) and took 5-13 days. Most incubated L3 formed puparia, but most failed to emerge as adults. The success rate of eclosion was 37.1%. The hatched adults survived for up to 18 days, and the females survived longer (12 d; 6-18) than the males (8.1 d; 3-16).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher eclosion success tendency of certain sand types might be influenced by the sand's physical and/or chemical characteristics. The current <i>in vitro</i> conditions resemble those during the hot seasons and are suitable for harvesting viable adults of <i>C. titillator</i> from L3.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2322-2328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a multi-epitope construct using immuno-informatic tools to prepare a messenger RNA vaccine against <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> ticks.","authors":"Ubaid Ullah, Kamran Ashraf, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Imran Rashid","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2235-2247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2235-2247","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that transmit pathogens to animals and humans. One of the most important hard ticks in animals is &lt;i&gt;Rhipicephalus microplus&lt;/i&gt;, which transmits &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma&lt;/i&gt; spp. Although many potential tick vaccine candidates have been identified, no effective vaccine that can provide sterile immunity against &lt;i&gt;R. microplus&lt;/i&gt; tick infestations has been developed. This study aimed to design a construct using different computational tools to identify and predict immunogenic epitopes within protein sequences and to prepare a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine against &lt;i&gt;R. microplus&lt;/i&gt; based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The &lt;i&gt;R. microplus&lt;/i&gt; proteins (Bm86, Subolesin, and ATAQ) were selected and their consensus sequence was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information in FASTA format. The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEBD) server was used for the prediction of helper T-cell epitopes, the NetCTL 1.2 server was used to predict cytotoxic T-cell epitopes, and the ABCpred server was used for B-cell epitope prediction. Antigenicity testing, allergenicity assessment, and toxicity screening were immuno-informatic techniques used to identify potent epitopes within protein sequences. The multi-epitope construct was prepared and cloned into the pVAX1 plasmid. Plasmids were transformed in compatible competent cells, and restriction analysis was performed. After restriction analysis of the transformed plasmid, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transcription was performed to prepare mRNA. The mRNA was purified, quantified, and converted into complementary DNA, and gene-specific primers were used to confirm &lt;i&gt;the in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transcription of mRNA. A mixture of four lipids containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium-propane (DODAP), Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC, cholesterol, and 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (DMG PEG-2000 was used to prepare LNPs. LNPs were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, Zeta potential, and Zeta Sizer tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;More than 1000 epitopes were predicted, from which only nine helper T-lymphocytes, 18 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and nine B-cell epitopes of all three proteins were selected with high antigenic scores of 0.958 for Bm86, 0.752 for Subolesin, and 0.964 for ATAQ, respectively. An adjuvant was used to enhance immune responses, all of which were linked to one another using GPGPG, AAY, and KK linkers, respectively. The physiochemical properties predicted that the instability index of the construct would be &lt;40%, indicating that the construct is stable. Plasmids were transformed in compatible competent cells, and white-transformed colonies were observed. Restriction analysis was performed, DNA was transcribed into mRNA, and LNPs were prepared and characterized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;More than 1000 ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2235-2247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding to improve the reproductive function of cows and heifers: A case study in Northern Kazakhstan.","authors":"Rashit Uskenov, Saltanat Issabekova, Aizada Mukhanbetkaliyeva, Orken Akibekov, Fariza Zhagipar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2385-2397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2385-2397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In some countries, the application of digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding is still under development. This study aimed to investigate the use of digital technologies in dairy cattle breeding to improve the reproductive function of cows and heifers in three northern regions of Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study explores the application of Austrian smaXtec bolus sensors, which enable the daily monitoring of the reproductive functions of cows and heifers in livestock. To control indicators of reproductive function in Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cattle breeds, a series of experiments were conducted before and after the introduction of boluses in the rumen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was established that the application of smaXtec boluses increases milk yield in 305 days, the percentage of conception in the first insemination and in cows with up to three inseminations, the duration of dry secretion, and the percentage of calve output per 100 heads. Moreover, the use of smaXtec boluses reduced the insemination index, duration of the calving-to-conception interval (open days), reproductive rate, and percentage of abortions and culls due to gynecological problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of smaXtec boluses allows farmers and veterinarians to determine indicators, such as the period of sexual heat in livestock and diseases, in a timely manner and to increase the efficiency of feeding and controlling drinking cycles. Moreover, the application of smaXtec boluses minimizes labor costs associated with collecting data on indicators of reproductive function in cows and heifers and increases accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2385-2397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}