Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Fermented black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable replacement for marine fish in Asian swamp eel diets.","authors":"Yifan Xiang, Shaoqi Gao, Yanhui Luo, Gaojian Tang, Xiuwei Zou, Kai Xie, Wenjie Niu, Xinyi Li, Junan Xiang, Ling Zhang, Zhu Tan, Xiaoyu Zeng, Bo Wang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1002-1013","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1002-1013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fermented black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have emerged as a sustainable and economically viable protein source in aquaculture. However, their potential as a replacement for marine fish in the diets of Asian swamp eels (<i>Monopterus albus</i>, ASEs) remains underexplored. This study assessed the effects of partially substituting marine fish with fermented BSFL on ASE growth performance, intestinal development, and hepatic health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 480 ASEs were randomly assigned to four dietary groups: control (40% marine fish), BSFL34 (13.4% BSFL), BSFL61 (24.1% BSFL), and BSFL82 (32.8% BSFL), replacing marine fish on a dry matter basis. All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Fish were reared in net cages for over 90 days, and parameters including survival rate, growth metrics, muscle and liver histology, intestinal morphology, gene expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), and inflammatory protein levels (Western blotting) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survival rate was significantly higher in the BSFL61 group (p < 0.05). Growth performance was not impaired across BSFL-fed groups, although BSFL61 showed reduced body weight compared to BSFL82 (p < 0.05). Muscle fiber size, satellite cell number, and muscle triglyceride (TG) content remained unchanged. BSFL82 showed increased hepatic TG accumulation (p < 0.05) and reduced liver fibrosis, while BSFL61 exhibited a significantly lower hepatosomatic index and increased fibrosis. Intestinal villus height was reduced in BSFL34 and BSFL61, while goblet cell density increased in all BSFL groups. Notch1 expression was upregulated in BSFL61 and BSFL82, whereas ctnnb1 and wnt5a were downregulated. Inflammatory markers nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-1 beta were elevated in BSFL-fed groups, indicating an activated mucosal immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partial replacement of marine fish with fermented BSFL enhanced ASE survival, modulated intestinal immunity, and improved mucosal barrier function, without compromising overall growth performance. However, excessive inclusion may induce hepatic lipid accumulation and affect intestinal morphology. These findings support the use of fermented BSFL as a sustainable aquafeed ingredient, though inclusion levels should be carefully optimized to balance health benefits and growth efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1002-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of probiotic-supplemented water on the performance and physiological responses of broilers under normal and heat stress conditions.","authors":"Rahaf Istiteh, Mohannad Abuajamieh, Mohmmad Al-Qaisi, Mohamed A Abedal-Majed, Anas Abdelqader","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1059-1069","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1059-1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heat stress (HS) significantly compromises broiler performance, intestinal health, and immune responses, posing a growing threat under climate change. Probiotics (PROs) have been proposed as a nutritional intervention to mitigate HS effects, yet their efficacy through drinking water remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-supplemented PROs on growth performance, physiological responses, intestinal morphology, and inflammatory biomarkers in broiler chickens under thermo-neutral (TN) and HS conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 192 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (6 replicates/group): TN with control (CON) water, TN with PRO-supplemented water, HS with CON water, and HS with PRO-supplemented water. PROs (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Bacillus pumilus</i>) were administered in drinking water at 50 mg/L from day 1 to 35. Birds in the HS groups were subjected to 3 h daily heat exposure (33°C ± 2°C) from days 31 to 35. Growth performance, physiological indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and blood biomarkers were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS significantly increased rectal temperature (Tr) (1.6°C; p < 0.01) and respiratory rate (57 breaths/min; p < 0.01). PRO supplementation reduced Tr by 0.17°C (p = 0.01) but did not affect performance metrics (feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio). HS reduced villus height (VH) and surface area in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), while PROs partially ameliorated VH under HS. No significant effects of PROs were observed on serum amyloid A or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. However, PROs tended to reduce diamine oxidase levels (24%; p = 0.09). HS also decreased albumin and glucose levels (p ≤ 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HS adversely affected intestinal integrity and selected blood metabolites. Although PRO supplementation had limited effects on performance and inflammatory biomarkers, it conferred modest thermoregulatory benefits and tended to improve intestinal permeability. Further research is warranted to optimize PRO formulation and assess synergistic strategies for HS mitigation in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of semen extenders, storage duration, and insemination timing on semen quality and reproductive performance in Palestinian Assaf sheep.","authors":"Wael Halawa, Samia Khnissi, Ikram Bensouf, Bochra Bejaoui, Hela Chalouati, Muayad Salman, Naceur M'Hamdi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.808-818","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.808-818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Artificial insemination (AI) is a critical technique in sheep breeding programs, yet its success is influenced by factors such as semen quality, storage conditions, and insemination timing. This study examines the effects of different semen extenders, storage durations, and insemination schedules on semen motility and pregnancy rates in Palestinian Assaf sheep. The primary aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of three semen extenders - Andromed, Indonesian, and Syrian - on the quality of stored semen and its subsequent effect on pregnancy rates following AI. In addition, the study investigated the impact of semen storage duration and the timing of insemination post-equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injection on reproductive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen was collected from eight Assaf rams, diluted with one of three extenders, and stored at 4°C for up to 72 h. Sperm motility was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system at different time intervals. AI was performed on 180 Assaf ewes across three farms in Palestine, with insemination conducted at either 48 h, 52 h, or both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection. Pregnancy rates were determined through ultrasound 45 days post-insemination. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22 (IBM^® NY, USA), with p-values set at <0.05 for significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Semen motility decreased significantly over time, with total motility (TM) declining from 0.85 ± 0.01 (fresh) to 0.63 ± 0.02 after 3 days of storage. The Syrian extender exhibited superior fast motility (FM) (0.35 ± 0.01) compared to the others. Strong positive correlations were observed between TM and progressive motility (0.90, p ≤ 0.01). Pregnancy rates did not significantly differ among extenders (Andromed: 0.58 ± 0.06, Indonesian: 0.54 ± 0.07, Syrian: 0.56 ± 0.08). However, insemination performed at both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection resulted in the highest pregnancy rate (0.62 ± 0.07), while the second ejaculation showed a tendency for improved fertility outcomes (0.61 ± 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged semen storage negatively impacts motility, though the Syrian extender preserves FM better than the others. Pregnancy rates were not significantly influenced by the extender type but were optimized by insemination at both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection. These findings highlight the importance of refining semen preservation techniques and timing AI procedures to enhance breeding success in Assaf sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"808-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study of canine distemper virus transmission from small mammals to Malayan tiger at Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu, Malaysia.","authors":"Bryan Andrew Lazarus, Muhammad Farris Mohd Sadali, Farina Mustaffa Kamal, Khor Kuan Hua, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Mohd Arifin Kaderi, Mohd Lutfi Abdullah, Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan, Hafandi Ahmad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.791-798","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.791-798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing human-wildlife interface due to urbanization and agricultural expansion has escalated the risk of zoonotic and interspecies disease transmission. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a highly contagious <i>Morbillivirus</i>, has been documented in various carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. In 2019, Malaysia reported its first case of CDV infection in a wild Malayan tiger (<i>Panthera tigris malayensis</i>) named Awang Besul in Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu. However, the potential role of small mammals as intermediate hosts in CDV transmission remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of small mammals as potential reservoir hosts for CDV and to provide molecular confirmation of CDV infection in these species, thereby assessing their role in enzootic viral maintenance and cross-species transmission to apex predators like the Malayan tiger.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Wildlife sampling was conducted between July 2023 and May 2024 in Kampung Besul Lama, where CDV was previously detected in a Malayan tiger. A total of 77 small mammals from different species were captured using baited live traps. Species identification was performed based on morphological characteristics. Biological samples were collected through nasal and ocular swabs and analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect CDV RNA. Positive isolates were subjected to sequencing and Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis for molecular characterization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular detection confirmed CDV RNA in three common tree shrews (<i>Tupaia glis</i>), marking the first documented case of CDV in this species. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral hemagglutinin (<i>H</i>) gene revealed a 99.50% nucleotide similarity to a previously reported Malaysian CDV strain (BesulMY/Malaysia/PP894823.1). These findings suggest that small mammals may act as overlooked reservoir hosts, facilitating viral maintenance and spillover between domestic animals and wildlife.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of CDV infection in tree shrews, highlighting their potential role in sustaining CDV in an enzootic state and acting as a conduit for interspecies transmission. Given the critically endangered status of Malayan tigers, targeted CDV surveillance and One Health-based disease mitigation strategies are essential to prevent further spillover events that could accelerate species decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"791-798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.","authors":"Eny Martindah, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Wasito Wasito, Dyah Ayu Hewajuli, Riyandini Putri, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Andriani Andriani, Sumirah Sumirah, Andi Mulyadi, Naila Arsy Kun Azizah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Brucellosis, caused by <i>Brucella</i> spp., is a zoonotic disease of major public health and economic significance. In Indonesia, surveillance efforts have predominantly focused on bovine brucellosis, leaving limited data on small ruminants despite their critical role as disease reservoirs. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep and to identify potential risk factors associated with its transmission in the Jabodetabek region, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023, involving 18 herds of goats and sheep across Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. A total of 665 blood samples (355 from goats and 310 from sheep) and 112 milk samples were collected. The samples were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate seroprevalence, and a Chi-square test was employed to evaluate risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess associations between risk factors and seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The herd-level seroprevalence was 66.67% (12/18), with a mean within-herd seroprevalence of 10.39% (95% CI: 7.21-13.57). The animal-level seroprevalence was 6.17% (41/665), with the highest rates observed in Bogor City (11.89%), followed by Bekasi (8.91%), East Jakarta (8.00%), and Tangerang (4.58%). Depok City had no positive cases in serum tests, though two cases were detected through milk ELISA. Mixed-species farms exhibited a significantly higher risk of infection than single-species farms (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.66, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between goats and sheep (p > 0.05), nor between males and females (p = 0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a high seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants within Jabodetabek, with mixed-species farming identified as a major risk factor. The findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, control measures, and public health interventions to mitigate disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"888-895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of microencapsulated hot chili pepper on the blood metabolites and physiological parameters of dairy cows.","authors":"Mónica Madrigal-Valverde, Marcus Vínicius Galvão Loiola, José Esler Freitas Junior, Murilo Ramos Santiago, Lara Lôbo Dantas, Artur Azevedo Menezes, Sandro Percário, Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela, Eduardo Costa, Endrigo Adonis Braga de Araujo, Rodrigo Freitas Bittencourt","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.907-917","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.907-917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The administration of hot chili pepper in cattle nutrition has been suggested to influence immune responses, antioxidant activities, and physiological parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microencapsulated hot chili pepper (MCP) supplementation on blood metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and physiological parameters in crossbred dairy cows, contributing novel insights into metabolic and physiological adaptations under tropical production systems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four crossbred lactating cows (<i>Bos taurus</i> × <i>Bos indicus</i>); average body weight 447.8 ± 89.6 kg; 53.54 ± 11.8 days in milk; average daily milk production 6.34 ± 1.91 L/cow/day) were randomly divided into two groups: A control group without additives and a treatment group supplemented with MCP (1,000 mg/cow/day) for 42 days. Blood samples were collected weekly for hematological analysis, biochemical evaluations, and oxidative stress biomarkers (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC]). Physiological measurements, including body condition score, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and urine pH, were also assessed weekly. Data were statistically analyzed using mixed-model procedures with repeated measures over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interactions between treatment and time were observed for hematocrit, red blood cells, and hemoglobin (p < 0.05), indicating physiological adaptations potentially related to increased water intake. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in MCP-supplemented cows compared to controls (p = 0.006), suggesting a modulation of lipid transport mechanisms. Temporal variations significantly affected 75% of hematological parameters and 83% of biochemical parameters. Although antioxidant parameters (DPPH, TBARS, TEAC) did not differ significantly between groups, notable temporal changes were observed (p < 0.05). Physiological parameters showed significant temporal variations but no consistent effects due to MCP supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation of dairy cows with MCP significantly impacted hematological parameters and serum albumin levels, revealing potential metabolic adjustments involving lipid transport and hydration status. However, oxidative stress markers and physiological parameters remained largely unaffected by the supplementation. These findings support the potential regulatory role of MCP in dairy cow metabolism, emphasizing its relevance as a dietary additive in tropical livestock production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"907-917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of partial soybean meal replacement with sunflower meal and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes supplementation on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology.","authors":"Zeeshan Munawar, Saad Amjid, Faisal Ramzan, Azhar Rafique, Safdar Hassan, Urooj Anwar, Momna Mehmood, Umar Farooq, Muhammad Farooq Khalid, Riaz Mustafa, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Aziz Ur Rahman, Waseem Abbas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.695-704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.695-704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Soybean meal (SBM) is the primary protein source in broiler diets; however, its high cost and import dependency necessitate alternative protein sources. Sunflower meal (SFM) is a viable alternative but contains high fiber and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), which can impair nutrient utilization. This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing SBM with SFM, with or without NSP degrading enzymes (NSPase) enzyme supplementation, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, digesta viscosity, and gut morphology in broilers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 588 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments following a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three levels of SBM replacement (0%, 10%, and 20% SFM) and two levels of NSPase supplementation (0 or 100 g/ton feed). Diets were formulated for the starter (1-10 days), grower (11-21 days), and finisher (22-35 days) phases. Growth performance (body weight gain [BWG], feed intake [FI], feed conversion ratio [FCR]), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber [CF]), digesta viscosity, and gut morphology (villus height [VH], crypt depth [CD], villus width, and villus-to-crypt ratio) were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test for mean comparisons (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replacing SBM with up to 20% SFM did not significantly impact BWG (p > 0.05), FI (p > 0.05), or FCR (p > 0.05). However, digesta viscosity increased significantly with higher SFM levels (p < 0.001), while NSPase supplementation reduced viscosity (p < 0.001). CF digestibility was lower with increasing SFM levels (p < 0.01) but improved with NSPase addition (p < 0.01). Gut morphology parameters, including VH and CD, were negatively affected by higher SFM inclusion but showed improvement with NSPase supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SBM can be partially replaced with up to 20% SFM in broiler diets without compromising growth performance. However, increasing SFM levels can reduce CF digestibility and increase digesta viscosity. The addition of NSPase enzymes mitigates these adverse effects by enhancing fiber digestibility and reducing gut viscosity. These findings support the use of SFM as an economically viable protein alternative in broiler feed formulations, particularly in SBM-importing regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"695-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases affecting communal cattle and the control methods practiced by farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.","authors":"N Nyangiwe, S Matthee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.746-754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.746-754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose significant threats to cattle farming, impacting livestock health, productivity, and economic sustainability. In communal farming systems, the challenges of tick control are exacerbated by limited resources, acaricide resistance, and climate change. This study assesses communal cattle farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ticks, TBDs, and the control measures implemented in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires administered to 100 cattle farmers across 20 communities in four vegetation types: Albany coastal belt (ACB), Amathole montane grassland (AMG), Bhisho thornveld (BT), and Great fish thicket (GFT). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine associations between farmer demographics, livestock management practices, and the prevalence of TBDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents (85%) were male, with an average age of 60 years, and 65% had only primary education. Livestock ownership varied across vegetation types, with cattle numbers ranging between 12.8 ± 1.17 and 15.6 ± 1.35 per farmer. Tick infestation was perceived as a major constraint, with adult cattle more affected than calves (χ² = 15.98, p < 0.001). The most commonly reported TBDs were redwater (100%), gallsickness (90%), and heartwater (43%), with heartwater absent in AMG. Tick control methods included plunge dipping (90%) and the use of alternative treatments such as used motor oil (54%) and Jeyes fluid (35%). Acaricide inefficacy, poor mixing practices, and the uncontrolled movement of cattle were identified as major constraints to effective tick management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Communal cattle farmers in the ECP recognize ticks and TBDs as critical challenges, with variations in TBD prevalence linked to vegetation type. Ineffective acaricide use and resistance are growing concerns, necessitating improved extension services and farmer education. Sustainable tick management strategies should integrate scientific knowledge with indigenous practices to enhance livestock health and productivity in communal farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"746-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B in cow milk using antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot-blot assays.","authors":"Hidayatun Nisa Purwanasari, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia, Fatkhanuddin Aziz, Rini Widayanti, Madarina Wasissa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.686-694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.686-694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a significant foodborne pathogen responsible for producing enterotoxins, particularly staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB), which are frequently found in milk and dairy products. These toxins in raw milk pose a risk to public health, necessitating accurate and rapid detection methods. This study aimed to develop and evaluate two immunoassays - antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) and dot-blot assay - for detecting SEA and SEB in cow milk. The sensitivity and specificity of these assays were compared with the standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 raw milk samples from Boyolali, Central Java, were subjected to microbiological, genotypic, and immunological analyses. The presence of <i>S. aureus</i> was confirmed through culture on Mannitol Salt Agar, biochemical identification, and PCR targeting 23S ribosomal RNA, <i>nuc</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes. Recombinant SEA and SEB proteins were used to generate polyclonal antibodies for immunoassay development. Dot-blot assays employed nitrocellulose membranes blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin in tris-buffered saline-Tween 20, while AC-ELISA utilized these antibodies for antigen capture. PCR confirmed the presence of the <i>sea</i> (127 bp) and <i>seb</i> (477 bp) genes. The performance of the immunoassays was statistically evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 30 isolates, 27 (90%) were confirmed as <i>S. aureus</i>. PCR detected the <i>sea</i> and <i>seb</i> genes in 23.3% and 30.8% of isolates, respectively. AC-ELISA exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 85% for SEA and 75% and 89.5% for SEB, respectively. The dot-blot assay demonstrated higher sensitivity (85% for SEA and 87.5% for SEB) but comparable specificity (85.7% for SEA and 84.2% for SEB). Kappa values indicated substantial agreement between the immunoassays and PCR results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both AC-ELISA and dot-blot assays demonstrated considerable potential for detecting SEA and SEB in raw cow milk. The dot-blot assay exhibited superior sensitivity, whereas AC-ELISA offered higher specificity. These immunoassays provide viable alternatives to PCR, particularly in resource-limited settings, offering cost-effective and rapid detection of <i>S. aureus</i> enterotoxins. Further refinement and validation with larger sample sizes are necessary to enhance diagnostic accuracy and minimize cross-reactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"686-694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goblet cell metaplasia and mucin alterations in biliary epithelial cells during <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection in rodent models: Insights into host susceptibility and defense mechanisms.","authors":"Woro Danur Wendo, Theerayut Thongrin, Prasarn Tangkawattana, Peerapol Sukon, Sutas Suttiprapa, Prasert Saichua, Watcharapol Suyapoh, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.534-546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.534-546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Chronic <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> (OV) infection induces significant biliary changes and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. However, the role of goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and mucin dynamics in host defense and parasite persistence remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize biliary histological changes, particularly mucin types, and compare responses between susceptible (hamsters) and non-susceptible (mice) hosts during early to chronic OV infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-five male golden Syrian hamsters and 35 male BALB/c mice were divided into infected and control groups. Infected animals received 50 OV metacercariae through gastric intubation and were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 post-infection. Histological, histochemical (Alcian Blue, periodic Acid-Schiff, and high iron diamine), and immunohistochemical (Bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) analyses were performed to assess mucin production, GCM, and bile duct proliferation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice demonstrated an early, robust biliary response with pronounced hyperplasia and GCM characterized by acid mucin overproduction during the acute phase (days 1-28). Conversely, hamsters exhibited delayed biliary proliferation and GCM, with predominant sulfated mucins appearing during the chronic phase (days 28-56). BrdU immunoreactivity indicated earlier and stronger bile duct epithelial proliferation in mice, correlating with worm clearance by day 28. In hamsters, mucosal changes supported worm survival, as evidenced by continued parasite presence and egg production. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences in mucin types and hyperplasia between species across infection stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct mucosal responses in hamsters and mice reflect their susceptibility to OV infection. Acid mucins in mice facilitate worm expulsion, while sulfated mucins in hamsters appear to promote parasite persistence. These findings highlight the dual roles of mucins in host defense and parasite survival, providing insight into mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance in OV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"534-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}