Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Impact of a natural rubber-based scratcher as an environmental enrichment on the scratching behavior, cortisol level, and semen quality of stable male goats.","authors":"Sakdichod Kimsakulvech, Prarom Sriphavatsarakom, Sunsaneeya Thaikoed, Waraluk Oupala, Chainarong Punkong, Phirom Prompiram, Somchai Saingkaew, Orachun Hayakijkosol, Tuempong Wongtawan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2443-2450","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2443-2450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Goats are valuable livestock because they can generate meat and milk for human consumption. Goat husbandry is becoming more intensive due to the growing demand for goat products, which may impact animal welfare and natural behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impact of natural rubber (para rubber)-based scratchers as an environmental enrichment on scratching behavior, cortisol levels, and semen quality in stable bucks (male goats/goats).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nine male goats were used in this study. Scratching behavior and cortisol levels were used as welfare indicators, whereas semen quality was evaluated as an indicator of reproductive potential. These indicators were analyzed before and after scratcher installation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After installing the scratchers, the goats showed a significant increase in scratching behavior and a notable decrease in cortisol levels (p < 0.001). Notably, the goats exhibited a marked preference for scratching against the scratcher (p < 0.001) compared to the stable. They significantly preferred using their heads for scratching (p < 0.001) instead of other body parts. In addition, goats preferred to scratch on the softest rubber scratchers at specific installation locations (p < 0.001). Although there was a slight improvement in semen quality, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A natural rubber-based scratcher can increase scratching behavior and reduce cortisol levels, indicating its potential to improve the welfare of farm goats. Selecting an appropriate hardness and preferred location is essential to ensure that the scratcher effectively encourages animals to use it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2443-2450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection of <i>Mycoplasma suis</i> and porcine circovirus type 3 is linked to reproductive failure in pig farms.","authors":"Tram Ngoc Thi Ngo, Nam Minh Nguyen, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Le Minh Thong, Trang Phuong Thi Nguyen, Toan Tat Nguyen, Duy Tien Do","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2477-2487","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2477-2487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Reproductive disorders in swine herds pose significant challenges to pig breeding due to both infectious and non-infectious factors. In large-scale pig farming, coinfections are increasingly common, affecting sow health and herd productivity. This study aimed to determine occurrence and coinfection patterns of <i>Mycoplasma sui</i>s and porcine circovirus type 3 in Vietnamese pig farms and to evaluate their association with reproductive disorders and clinical signs in affected herds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected 291 samples from 15 farms, composed of whole blood and various tissues from fetuses and weak-born piglets. Molecular biological testing was conducted to detect key pathogens of interest. Consistently, porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) and porcine <i>Hemoplasma</i> were detected and sequenced for the whole genome and partial <i>16S rRNA</i>, respectively. The genetic diversity of PCV3 and <i>Mycoplasma suis</i> was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Various clinical signs, including abortion, stillborn, mummified, and weak-born piglets, and dermatitis, were recorded. <i>M. suis</i> was detected in 252/291 (86.59%) samples from all 15 surveyed farms, with an occurrence of 100%. PCV3 was detected in 35.05% (102/291) samples and 73.3% (11/15) of farms. PCV3 and <i>M. suis</i> coinfections were observed in 29.21% of the positive samples. It should be noted that most PCV3 Ct-values were above 30, indicating the existence of PCV3 in the herd but with insufficient data to confirm its pathogenic potential. The complete genomes of 10 PCV3 strains identified in this study exhibited high sequence homology, with >97% nucleotide identity. In addition, the eight partial <i>16S rRNA</i> porcine <i>Hemoplasma</i> sequences shared absolute identity with <i>M. suis</i> isolates from pigs in China and Germany.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report on the occurrence of <i>M. suis</i> and PCV3 in pigs from farms with reproductive failure provides important insights into the expanding global distribution of these pathogens. Our findings warrant further investigations of the pathogenic potential and economic implications of <i>M. suis</i> and PCV3 in pigs with reproductive failure in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2477-2487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dog cardiac orientation on vertebral heart score measurements in different thoracic types.","authors":"Suphat Soeratanapant, Somchin Sutthigran, Phasamon Saisawart, Nardtiwa Chaivoravitsakul, Kongthit Horoongruang, Luksamee Limpongsai, Artima Tantarawanich, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Kittipong Tachampa, Nan Choisunirachon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2635-2643","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2635-2643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Computed tomographic (CT) images can elucidate the variations of cardiac orientation that this information among dog breeds has never been reported. This study aimed to explore the heart orientations of dogs with different thoracic types and study their effects on vertebral heart score (VHS) measurements using CT images.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thoracic CT images of 115 mature dogs without thoracic abnormalities were retrospectively examined. The dogs were classified into four groups: Normal Broad, Abnormal Broad, Normal, and Deep. All dogs were also classified based on their heart deviations. The VHSs were evaluated using lateral VHS, dorsal VHS, and adjusted VHS, and all were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the normal broad and abnormal broad groups, the lateral VHS and lateral long-axis dimensions were significantly lower than those obtained from the dorsal and adjusted VHSs. In addition, heart deviations were mostly observed in the normal broad and abnormal broad groups. Nevertheless, little evidence was found in the normal and deep groups. The lateral VHS and lateral long-axis dimensions were significantly reduced by heart deviation more than the dorsal and adjusted VHSs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiac orientations among dog breeds can affect VHSs of lateral projection, especially in the broad thoracic group. Clinical evaluation of the VHS in the broad thoracic dogs should be performed on the dorsal view for more accurate measurement of heart size.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2635-2643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of multiple infections of rodents with parasites and bacteria in the Sibang Arboretum, Libreville, Gabon.","authors":"Patrice Makouloutou-Nzassi, Chimène Nze-Nkogue, Boris Kevin Makanga, Neil Michel Longo-Pendy, Judi Armel Bourobou Bourobou, Branly Cordia Bikie Bi Nso, Etienne François Akomo-Okoue, Cherone-Cheba Mbazoghe-Engo, Félicien Bangueboussa, Silas Lendzele Sevidzem, Ghislain Wilfried Ebang Ella, Lillian B Mangama Koumba, Fred Loïc Mindonga Nguelet, Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema, Larson Boundenga","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2506-2516","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2506-2516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Rodents are carriers or reservoirs of various bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and ectoparasites. Given the proximity of various rodent species and humans, there is a potential for the transmission of pathogens. Data on ecto- and endo-parasite prevalence in rodent populations in Gabon are limited. To fill this gap, we conducted a study in Libreville to investigate the occurrence of ecto- and endo-parasites in rodents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We captured and euthanized 68 rodents belonging to the genus <i>Praomys</i> and examined their ecto- and endo-parasite fauna, dissected their gastrointestinal tract for helminths, and prepared blood smears to examine blood-borne pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses identified three pathogen taxa: helminths (<i>Protospirura</i> spp., <i>Trichuris</i> spp., and <i>Taenia</i> spp.), protozoa (<i>Babesia</i> spp.), bacteria (<i>Anaplasma</i> spp.), and arthropods (<i>Laelaps</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis</i>). Overall, 91.2% of the rodents were infected with at least one pathogen and ectoparasite, with helminth occurrence rate of 63.2% and ectoparasite occurrence at 44.1%. Protozoan infections (<i>Babesia</i> spp.) were found in 10.3% of the rodents, whereas bacteria (<i>Anaplasma</i> spp.) had an occurrence rate of 39.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Native rodents in Libreville harbor various infectious agents, ecto- andendo-parasites. These findings highlight the potential health risks associated with <i>Praomys</i> rodents for the transmission of various diseases to human population in Gabon and emphasize the need for investigation of rodents for their role as disease carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2506-2516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) and papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i>) leaf powder on production performance, ruminal methanogen levels, gut parameters, and meat quality in goats.","authors":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain, Imtiaz Rabbani, Muhammad Afzal Rashid, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf, Wasim Shehzad, Habib Rehman","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2659-2666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2659-2666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Several approaches have been employed to mitigate methane emissions from livestock, with varied results. This study evaluated the effects of shade-dried ground garlic leaf (GL) powder and papaya leaf (PL) powder as crop waste on feed intake, growth performance, ruminal microbial counts, gut epithelial barrier functions, and meat quality in goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty male adult Beetal goats were randomly divided into five treatment groups: (1) Control (basal diet only); (2) basal diet supplemented with 6% bromodichloromethane (BCM); (3) basal diet supplemented with 30% GL powder; (4) basal diet supplemented with 26% PL powder; and (5) basal diet supplemented with 30% GL powder and 26% PL powder (GP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, fecal score, and albumin improved in the GP. Aspartate transferase increased significantly in BCM, GL, and PL and was insignificant in the GP group compared with the C group. There was a 13% decrease in methanogen count in PL compared with C, but this difference was not significant between BCM and GP. Ruminal bacteria and protozoa were lowest in GL. Ruminal papilla height and surface area increased in the supplemented groups compared with C (p < 0.05). <i>In vitro</i> experiments using isolated ruminal epithelia revealed a 39% increase in short-circuit current in GP compared with C (p < 0.05). For meat parameters, the pH 24 h decreased significantly in GL compared to BCM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary supplementations with GL and PL alone or in combination improved growth parameters and gut performance and reduced rumen methanogen levels without altering meat quality parameters. Proper diet formulation and further research on other ruminants may help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2659-2666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial study of dengue and its association with livestock farming in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Dila Hening Windyaraini, Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo, Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, Prima Widayani, Suwarno Hadisusanto","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2667-2674","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2667-2674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Dengue fever is a recurring arboviral disease. The presence of livestock and domestic animals potentially increases the risk of dengue fever in an area due to the shared habitats of vectors and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the vulnerability map of dengue disease and identify the influence of livestock and domestic animals on the number of cases in Bantul Regency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted in 3 <i>Kapanewon</i> (subdistricts) in the Bantul regency, known as the dengue-endemic area. The locations of 302 cases were recorded using the Global Positioning System. Dengue case density was analyzed using Kernel Density Estimation, and vulnerability was assessed using an overlay in ArcGIS Desktop 10.8. Furthermore, buffer analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between case density and the presence of livestock and pet pens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Banguntapan, Kasihan, and Sewon subdistricts had high vulnerability areas of 424.12 Ha (14.97%), 334.76 Ha (10.46%), and 196.12 Ha (7.05%), respectively. The villages with dengue hotspots were Banguntapan and Potorono (Banguntapan Subdistrict) and Tirtonirmolo (Kasihan Subdistrict). The highest number of patients (180 cases) occurred at a buffer distance of <100 m from houses to livestock pens, closely related to the flight distance of <i>Aedes</i> spp. mosquitoes, the dengue vector.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The three subdistricts were predominantly characterized by low dengue vulnerability. However, livestock and domestic animal pens are significant risk factors. This information is crucial for effectively controlling and managing dengue disease in Bantul Regency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2667-2674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> anthelmintic activity of <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> Linn., <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>, <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb., and <i>Curcuma aeruginosa</i> Roxb. ethanol extracts on the motility and cuticle damage of <i>Ascaridia galli</i>.","authors":"Risa Tiuria, Lina Noviyanti Sutardi, Arifin Budiman Nugraha, Mawar Subangkit","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2488-2496","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2488-2496","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ascaridia galli&lt;/i&gt;, a nematode that frequently infects the digestive tract of chickens, is a significant concern for poultry health. In response, the use of medicinal plant-derived anthelmintics was proposed as a potential solution. This study observed the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; effectiveness of a single, graded dose of the ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;Andrographis paniculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Phyllanthus niruri&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;Curcuma xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Roxb., &lt;i&gt;and Curcuma aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Roxb. on the movement activity of adult &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt; every hour for 6 h, followed by an analysis of worm cuticle damage in &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized block design was used. Adult &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt; were collected from the intestinal lumen of fresh free-range chickens. Each petri dish contained two &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt; for each treatment with three replications. Each plant extract (&lt;i&gt;A. paniculata, P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;C. xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Roxb., and &lt;i&gt;C. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Roxb.) was evaluated with three distinct doses, which were 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL; 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used as a negative control, and 500 μg/mL Albendazole solution was used as a positive control. The active compound content of &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;C. xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Roxb., and &lt;i&gt;C. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Roxb. extracts were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The movement activity of &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;galli&lt;/i&gt; was determined by the percentage score value from the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; to the 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; h in each treatment group, followed by analysis of damage to the &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt; cuticle layer using a nano-microscope and histopathological images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Analysis of variance demonstrated that at doses of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, the ethanol extracts of &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;C. xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Roxb., and &lt;i&gt;C. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Roxb. did not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt;'s &lt;i&gt;motility&lt;/i&gt; (&gt;0.005). However, at a dose of 1000 μg/mL, the ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L., &lt;i&gt;C. xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; Roxb., and &lt;i&gt;C. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; Roxb. reduced the motility of &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt;. Importantly, the motility of &lt;i&gt;A. galli&lt;/i&gt; in the dose of 1000 μg/mL &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L. extract groups was very weak and significantly different (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the negative control group. The content of the active compound Andrographolide in the ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt; and the active compound 5-Methoxybenzimidazole in the extract of &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L. are strongly suspected to play an important role in damaging and shedding the cuticle layer of &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;galli&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;All herbal extracts have anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. Extracts of &lt;i&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. niruri&lt;/i&gt; L","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2488-2496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Indonesia: A meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Vika Ichsania Ninditya, Fitrine Ekawasti, Joko Prastowo, Irkham Widiyono, Wisnu Nurcahyo","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2675-2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2675-2687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) pose a major health challenge for cattle in Indonesia. GIP infections affect the production and reproductive performance of cattle, resulting in economic losses. However, the prevalence and distribution of infections have not been comprehensively profiled at the national level. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GIP infections in cattle in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Overall, 667 articles were identified from six databases in English and Bahasa Indonesia. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts based on the inclusion criteria (i.e., GIP prevalence in cattle in Indonesia), 67 articles were included in the data review. Data were pooled using a random-effects model in STATA software. Heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q-value and I² statistics, whereas publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall pooled prevalence of GIP in Indonesia was 46% (95% confidence interval 37%-55%), with a total population of 17,278 cattle screened. The I² value was 99.59%, Cochran's Q-value was 15,957.25, and p = 0.001. The results of the regional meta-analysis based on the provinces in the three zones of Indonesia showed estimated prevalence rates of 54.0%, 52.7%, and 53.7% in Western, Central, and Eastern Indonesia, respectively. The parasite with the highest prevalence was <i>Eimeria</i> spp. (37.7%), followed by nematodes (34.4%) and trematodes (<i>Fasciola</i> spp., 21.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal a high prevalence of GIPs in cattle across Indonesia, with significant variability across regions and parasite types. <i>Eimeri</i>a spp., nematodes, and trematodes represent the most prevalent infections and underscore the urgent need for region-specific control strategies, including improved livestock management practices, routine screening, and integrated parasitic control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2675-2687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis</i>, and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in dogs and associated ticks in Egypt: Emerging One Health challenging zoonoses.","authors":"Zeinab S Ahmed, Nada Hesham, Taher M Abdelhamid, Mahmoud E Hashad, Hossam Mahmoud","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2586-2594","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2586-2594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant problem in canines, other animals, and humans worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis</i>, and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in dogs and associated ticks in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples from 110 tick-infested dogs and 550 whole ticks (divided into 110 pools) were collected and tested for the targeted pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 110 dog blood samples, <i>B. burgdorferi</i> DNA was detected in three samples, <i>E. canis</i> in six samples, and <i>C. burnetii</i> in one kenneled dog. Among the 110 tick pools, <i>B. burgdorferi</i> was detected in four pools, <i>E. canis</i> in 12 pools, and <i>C. burnetii</i> in three pools from kenneled dogs. The overall prevalence of the three agents in dog and tick samples were 3.18%, 8.18%, and 1.81%, respectively. Simultaneous positive PCR reactions in both dogs and their associated tick pools were observed in four cases. <i>B. burgdorferi</i> and <i>E. canis</i> were simultaneously detected in two dogs and two tick pools, whereas <i>C. burnetii</i> was detected in one dog but not in any tick pools. The three agents were simultaneously detected in one dog, but none were found in the corresponding tick pools. A mixed infection of <i>C. burnetii</i> and <i>B. burgdorferi</i> was observed in one dog and one tick pool.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular diagnosis is the most reliable method for detecting <i>B. burgdorferi, E. canis</i>, and <i>C. burnetii</i> in dogs and associated ticks. <i>E. canis</i> showed the highest prevalence in both dog and tick samples followed by <i>B. burgdorferi</i> while <i>C. burnetti</i> showed the lowest prevalence. The potential transmission of these diseases from companion dogs to humans through ticks presents a significant challenge for the One Health concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2586-2594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal and blood parasites in horses of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand.","authors":"Tanakorn Phetkarl, Punpichaya Fungwithaya, Kittima Lewchalermvong, Narin Sontigun","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2460-2468","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2460-2468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) and blood parasite infections in horses is a significant concern due to their substantial impact on morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the horse industry. In Thailand, limited research has been conducted on these parasites in horse populations, and data from southern Thailand are lacking. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GI and blood parasites in horses in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 79 fecal and blood samples were collected from horses across 11 farms in Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The fecal examination was conducted using simple flotation, formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation, and a modified McMaster technique. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify blood and strongyle parasites. The influence of sex, age, and body condition score on the prevalence of GI parasites was also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six GI parasites were detected: four nematodes (<i>Oxyuris equi</i>, <i>Parascaris equorum</i>, strongyles, and <i>Strongyloides westeri</i>), one trematode (<i>Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus</i>), and one protozoan (<i>Eimeria leuckarti</i>). The overall prevalence of GI parasites was 74.7%, with single strongyle infections accounting for the highest proportion at 50.6%, followed by co-infections of strongyles and <i>G. aegyptiacus</i> at 10.1%. All 11 pooled strongyle samples were positive for cyathostomins and <i>Strongylus vulgaris</i> using conventional PCR with specific primers. Sex was significantly associated with the overall prevalence of GI parasites, whereas both sex and age were significant risk factors for infection by strongyle parasites. <i>Theileria equi</i> was the only blood parasite species detected in the surveyed horses, with a prevalence of 1.3% (n = 1/79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of GI and blood parasites in horses from Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. These findings highlight the importance of implementing control measures against GI parasites and are pivotal for developing effective infection prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2460-2468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}