Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Antibiograms, multidrug resistance, and milk-related parameters of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Phatthalung, Thailand.","authors":"Supaporn Somrup, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Teeraphun Bhumibhamon, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Alok K Paul, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Phirabhat Saengsawang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.735-743","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.735-743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Milk, a nutritious food, is widely consumed in human diets; however, contamination by micro-organisms can negatively impact its quality and consumer health. Contamination by micro-organisms affects the quality of milk, which can affect the quality of the milk production chain. This study aimed to determine the changes in milk composition and antibiotic susceptibility related to bacteria isolated from dairy cow milk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Raw milk samples were collected from 72 dairy cows. All milk samples were subjected to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) for CMT score determination. We also investigated milk composition, bacterial culture (BC), and antibiotic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 47.22% and 30.56% of dairy cattle were positive for CMT + BC and automatic somatic cell count (ASCC) + BC, respectively. Fecal appearance and animal age were found to be risk factors for ASCC + BC positivity in dairy cattle. Bacteria were found in approximately 76% of milk samples, with the most common isolated species being α-hemolytic <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Of these, 70% are resistant to at least one antibiotic. Variation in the multidrug resistance pattern was high in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fecal appearance and animal age are risk factors for ASCC + BC positivity in dairy cattle. This study identified antibiotic and multidrug resistance patterns, which require comprehensive studies and effective surveillance systems. Remarkably, the use of antibiotic therapy in dairy cattle should be monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 4","pages":"735-743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rearing of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> ticks on rabbits for the biological transmission of <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>.","authors":"Sikandar Ali, Abdullah Saghir Ahmad, Kamran Ashraf, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Imran Rashid","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.903-910","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.903-910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Anaplasma marginale</i> is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial parasite that infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. There is no evidence that <i>A. marginale</i> inoculation can be used to culture <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> in rabbits. This study aimed to determine the molting of <i>R. annulatu</i>s larvae, nymphs, and adults on rabbits as well as nymphs and adults of <i>R. annulatus</i> on calves with or without <i>A. marginale</i>. Transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of <i>A. marginale</i> in <i>R. annulatus</i> reared on rabbits and calves were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Engorged female ticks were collected from field samples of <i>A. marginale</i>-infected and non-infected cattle. We divided the eight rabbits into two groups: A and B. Group A rabbits were infected with <i>A. marginale</i> through parenteral inoculation, whereas Group B rabbits were kept as a control. The \"clean rabbits\" in Group B were observed for tick rearing without <i>A. marginale</i>. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen <i>A. marginale</i> in rabbits and stages of tick. The complete life cycle of <i>R. annulatus</i> with or without <i>A. marginale</i> was observed on rabbits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 6.5-day longer life cycle was observed in ticks harboring <i>A. marginale</i> than in ticks without <i>A. marginale</i>. To observe transstadial transmission, transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of <i>A. marginale</i> in <i>R. annulatus</i> ticks were experimentally observed in one clean calf fed separately with infected nymphs and female adult ticks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We experimentally observed transovarian, transstadial, and transovarial transmission of <i>A. marginale</i> in <i>R. annulatus</i> ticks as a biological vector reared on calves and rabbits. We used rabbits as a model animal for rearing <i>R. annulatus</i> ticks and culture of <i>A. marginale</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 4","pages":"903-910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of curcuminoid and collagen marine peptides for healing diabetic wounds infected by methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Dwi Ardyan Syah Mustofa, Farhan Dio Sahari, Syifa Aulia Pramudani, Alifia Brilliani Hidayah, Shabrina Farras Tsany, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.933-939","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.933-939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia indirectly reflects the high risk of developing chronic wounds that are susceptible to infection. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is an infectious pathogen that is resistant to various antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic therapy is ineffective enough to treat chronic hyperglycemic wounds caused by MRSA infection. Curcuminoids have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects by inhibiting the enzymatic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Collagen is a tissue regeneration inducer. The combination of these two ingredients is expected to be an alternative therapy for MRSA-infected hyperglycemic chronic wounds without the risk of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of hydrolacin-gel in wound healing and inhibiting the growth of MRSA bacteria, as well as to determine the optimal concentration of curcuminoids combined with collagen marine peptides (CMPs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Hydrolacin-gels were prepared by homogenizing curcuminoid nanoemulsions and CMPs. The evaluation of preparation includes stability tests and antibacterial activity tests. Wound diabetic mice were treated with various combinations of curcuminoid and CMPs. Wound healing was observed based on malondialdehyde levels as a marker of oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the skin wound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrolacin-gel was formulated by combining curcuminoid nanoemulsion (more water soluble) and CMPs, with the ratio of formula 1 (1:2, curcuminoid 43.3 mg and CMPs 5.58 mg), formula 2 (1:1, curcuminoid 86.8 mg and CMPs 3.72), and formula 3 (2:1, curcuminoid 130.2 mg and CMPs 1.87 mg) calculated based on the effective dose of curcuminoid 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) and CAMPs 0.9 g/kg BW. Hydrolacin-gel had a potential antibacterial activity against MRSA. Hydrolacin-gel induced wound tissue repair and reduced oxidative stress caused by inflammation in diabetic-infected MRSA. Hydrolacin-gel could be used for healing MRSA-infected diabetic wounds, especially formula 3 with the ratio of curcuminoid: CMPs = 2:1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hydrolacin-gel combining curcuminoid nanoemulsion and CMPs effectively inhibited the inflammatory process and increased re-epithelialization in MRSA-infected diabetic wound healing. Hydrolacin-gel with curcuminoid (130.2 mg) and CMPs (1.87 mg) at a concentration ratio of 2:1 appeared to be the best formula against MRSA infection in diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 4","pages":"933-939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia.","authors":"Itfetania Aemilly Desire, Muhammad Luqman, Yulianna Puspitasari, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana, Dewa Ketut Meles, Yeni Dhamayanti, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum, Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Siti Rani Ayuti, Shendy Canadya Kurniawan, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.577-584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.577-584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of <i>Mycobacterium</i> pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java. To detect Mycobacteria at the species level, each sample was assessed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR using the RD1 and RD4 genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of PCR assay from 50 samples in Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency showed that 30 samples (60%) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and two samples (4%) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, although Ziehl-Neelsen staining did not show the presence of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. In the Surabaya region, 31 samples (70.45%) were positive for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and three samples (6.8%) were positive for <i>M. bovis</i>. Six samples (13.63%) from all PCR-positive samples could be detected microscopically with Ziehl-Neelsen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 3","pages":"577-584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and relationships among <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> sequence types isolated from humans, animals, and the environment.","authors":"Sa-Ngob Laklaeng, Doan Hoang Phu, Jirarat Songsri, Sueptrakool Wisessombat, Wanida Mala, Wilaiwan Senghoi, Preeda Phothaworn, Manit Nuinoon, Tuempong Wongtawan, Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.26-36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, a highly pathogenic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, exhibits ecological ubiquity and thrives within soil and water reservoirs, posing significant infection risks to humans and animals through direct contact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic diversity and prevalence patterns of <i>B. pseudomallei</i> sequence types (STs) across a global spectrum and to understand the relationships between strains isolated from different sources.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in this study. Extensive research was carried out across three comprehensive databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with data collected from 1924 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 carefully selected articles contributed 2737 <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolates attributed to 729 distinct STs and were incorporated into the systematic review. Among these, ST46 emerged as the most prominent, featuring in 35% of the articles and demonstrating a dominant prevalence, particularly within Southeast Asia. Moreover, ST51 consistently appeared across human, animal, and environmental studies. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis, focusing on nine specific STs: ST46, ST51, ST54, ST70, ST84, ST109, ST289, ST325, and ST376. Surprisingly, no statistically significant differences in their pooled prevalence proportions were observed across these compartments for ST46, ST70, ST289, ST325, and ST376 (all p > 0.69). Conversely, the remaining STs, including ST51, ST54, ST84, and ST109, displayed notable variations in their prevalence among the three domains (all p < 0.04). Notably, the pooled prevalence of ST51 in animals and environmental samples surpassed that found in human isolates (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the intricate relationships between STs and their sources and contributes significantly to our understanding of <i>B. pseudomallei</i> diversity within the One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 1","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroconversion, genotyping, and potential mosquito vector identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in pig sentinel settings in Bali, Indonesia","authors":"I. M. Kardena, Anak Agung, Ayu Mirah, I. Nyoman, M. Astawa, Ida Bagus, Made Oka, S. Sahibzada, M. Bruce, Mark O’Dea","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.89-98","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Despite the endemicity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans and animals in the Province of Bali, Indonesia, there is little data on whether seroconversion to the virus occurs in pigs, JEV genotypes circulating, and it’s potential mosquito vectors in the area. The aims of this study were to (i) Determine whether JEV infection in Balinese pigs occurs before reaching their sexual maturity, (ii) identify the genotypes of circulating JEV, and (iii) identify potential JEV mosquito vectors at the study sites in urban and peri-urban areas of Bali.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Sixteen 1-week-old Landrace piglets from two different sows were housed in Denpasar. Similarly, 18 one-week-old mixed-breed piglets of two different sows were housed in Badung Regency. The piglets were bled every 1 to 4 weeks for up to 24 weeks. Serum samples from the 11 piglets were tested for antibodies against JEV, and seroconversion-suspected sera were titrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood of seroconverted sera from pigs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genetic sequence of JEV. The mosquitoes in the sentinels were trapped throughout the study period to identify the potential mosquito vectors of JEV.\u0000\u0000Results: Antibodies were detected in most of the selected piglets’ sera from weeks 1 to 24 of their age. However, sera of pig B9 collected from the sentinel setting in Badung Regency showed a four-fold increase in antibody titer from week 4 to week 8, indicating seroconversion. PCR testing of blood from B9 (pooled blood sample collected from week 5 to week 8) identified JEV nucleic acids, which were phylogenetically classified as belonging to the JEV genotype III. Meanwhile, 1271 of two genera of mosquitoes, Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. were trapped in the pig sentinels.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: JEV seroconversion likely occurs before the pig reaches sexual maturity in Badung Regency. Sequence data indicate that JEV genotype III is circulating in the pig sentinel setting in the regency; however, circulating genotypes need to be clarified through increased surveillance. Meanwhile, Culex spp. and most likely Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles spp. were the dominant mosquitoes present in the study sites set in the urban area of Denpasar and peri-urban areas of Badung, Bali, indicating that these are likely vectors in spread of JEV in the region.\u0000\u0000Keywords: genotyping, Japanese encephalitis virus, pig sentinel setting, potential mosquito vectors, seroconversion.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"12 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus by neutral red-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay","authors":"Wichayet Saejung, Kotchaporn Khumtong, Witsanu Rapichai, Siriluk Ratanabunyong, Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn, K. Choowongkomon, Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.72-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.72-81","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retroviral pathogen globally responsible for immunodeficiency disease in cats. However, the current diagnosis based on antibody detection has limitations and can also produce false-positive results. This study aimed to develop a one-pot loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process integrated with neutral red (NR-LAMP) assay for detection of FIV proviral DNA.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: We developed a one-pot, gag gene-based NR-LAMP for convenient, rapid, specific, and sensitive colorimetric inspection of FIV proviral DNA.\u0000\u0000Results: The developed NR-LAMP was capable of amplifying at an optimum temperature of 65°C for 40 min. No cross-amplification was detected between FIV and other feline viruses tested, indicating the high specificity (98.44%) of the novel FIV-LAMP primer. Our NR-LAMP assay has a detection limit of 4.2 × 101 copies/μL. A total of 80 clinical samples with a background of FIV infection were collected and tested using the proposed method. The NR-LAMP assay showed a high sensitivity of 100% compared to conventional polymerase chain reaction assay.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: These results support the suitability of NR-LAMP as a potential future alternative clinical molecular approach for further use in the diagnosis of FIV-infected cats.\u0000\u0000Keywords: feline immunodeficiency virus, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, molecular diagnosis, neutral red.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"120 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formalin-fixed stool improves the performance of the Kato–Katz method","authors":"Ampas Wisetmora, Atchara Artchayasawat, Porntip Laummaunwai, O. Pitaksakulrat, Oranard Wattanawong, T. Boonmars","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.99-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.99-107","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are a public health problem worldwide, including in Thailand. An epidemiological survey for helminthiasis based on stool examination uses the Kato–Katz method as recommended by the World Health Organization. Limitations of this method include the need for fresh stool, time requirement, and lack of quality control. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficiency of the Kato–Katz technique using formalin and glycerol solutions and to implement specimen preparation in fieldwork.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: For the Kato–Katz method, stool samples were divided into formalin-fixed and unfixed groups at various time points and processes. Fresh echinostome eggs were added to each stool group. Incubation with glycerol increased the clearing process. Each group was observed and photographed using a light microscope. Parasite eggs were imaged and compared using the standard Kato–Katz method.\u0000\u0000Results: Visualization of echinostome eggs from formalin-fixed stool slides was significantly better than that from unfixed stool slides (p < 0.01). Stool samples fixed for 7 days retained normal echinostome eggs morphology. Incubation with glycerol for 1 h resulted in increased Kato–Katz performance by digesting the stool content and enhancing egg observation. Moreover, the results of the Kato–Katz method using fixed and fixed stool plus glycerol for natural helminth infection showed good quality of Opisthorchis viverrini and Taenia egg visualization and normal morphology with a clear background of slides.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Formalin-fixed stool could be more suitable than fresh stool for the Kato–Katz method.\u0000\u0000Keywords: formalin-fixed stool, glycerol, Kato–Katz method, parasitology examination, specimen preparation.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse neurobehavioral changes with reduced blood and brain cholinesterase activities in mice treated with statins","authors":"R. F. Al-Shalchi, F. K. Mohammad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.82-88","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Pleiotropic effects of hypolipidemic statins with behavioral outcomes have been suggested in humans and laboratory animals. There is limited information on the neurobehavioral effects of statins in mice. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in neurobehavioral performance and cholinesterase (ChE) activity in mice after high doses of three commonly used statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin).\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Two hours after vehicle (control) or statin dosing at 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg/kg orally, each mouse was subjected to 5 min open-field activity, negative geotaxis at an angle of 45°/60 s, 5 min head pocking, and forced swimming endurance. Plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activities were determined spectrophotometrically 2 and 24 h after oral dosing of statins at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.\u0000\u0000Results: The statins variably, but dose-dependently and significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the latency to move in the open-field arena, decreased locomotion and rearing, reduced head pocking, and delayed negative geotaxis performance. However, statins significantly increased the duration of forced swimming and decreased the duration of immobility in the swimming tank. Statins significantly and dose-dependently decreased plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activity 2 and 24 h after dosing. Plasma and brain ChE activities recovered by 5%–32.9% and 5.7%–14.4% 24 h later from the 2 h ChE values, respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: High doses of statins differentially modulate neurobehavioral outcomes in mice in association with reduced plasma, erythrocyte, and brain ChE activity. Plasma or erythrocyte ChE may be used for biomonitoring of the adverse/ therapeutic effects of statins.\u0000\u0000Keywords: atorvastatin, head pocking, negative geotaxis, open-field activity, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, swimming endurance.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of pork after electron-beam irradiation: A meta-analysis study","authors":"T. Wahyono, T. Ujilestari, M. Sholikin, M. Muhlisin, Muhammad Cahyadi, S. D. Volkandari, E. Triyannanto","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.59-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.59-71","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Irradiation has become a preferred method for pork preservation in recent years. Electron-beam irradiation is notably recognized for its feasibility and safety among various irradiation methods. This meta-analysis study aims to elucidate the impact of electron-beam irradiation on oxidation parameters, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions in pork.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 79 data from 22 articles were aggregated into an extensive database. The irradiation dose ranged from 0 to 20 kGy in this current meta-analysis. The observed parameters encompassed oxidation, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions. A mixed-model approach was used to perform the meta-data analysis, in which irradiation dose was treated as fixed effects and distinct studies (articles) as random effects.\u0000\u0000Results: Electron-beam irradiation resulted in an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and peroxide-oxygen value of pork (p < 0.01). Conversely, total volatile-base-nitrogen values (p < 0.05) were observed. Following irradiation, the pH value, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) remained unaffected. Pork color tended to decrease after irradiation treatment (p = 0.095 and p = 0.079, respectively) at 7 and 14 days of storage. The irradiation process resulted in an increase in the values of texture and juiciness parameters (p < 0.05). However, electron-beam irradiation resulted in decreased overall acceptability (p = 0.089). In terms of microbiological status, electron-beam irradiation led to a reduction in the populations of Salmonella (p < 0.01), Escherichia coli (p < 0.01), Listeria monocytogenes (p < 0.05), and coliforms (p < 0.05) at 7 and 14 days of storage.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Electron-beam irradiation enhances lipid peroxidation in porcine meat. The color of the meat remained unchanged after treatment. However, with regard to sensory properties, electron-beam irradiation showed a tendency to decreased overall acceptability. Most microbiological parameters decreased following electron-beam irradiation.\u0000\u0000Keywords: electron beam, irradiation, meat, meta-analysis, pork.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"127 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}