Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, virulence profiling, and latent antimicrobial resistance determinants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in imported Australian beef cattle during quarantine in Indonesia.","authors":"Siti Rakhma Afriana, Widagdo Sri Nugroho, Widodo Suwito","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2450-2462","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2450-2462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated with severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and is increasingly recognized as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in food-producing animals. Imported beef cattle may contribute to the transboundary dissemination of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria during international livestock trade. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, virulence profiles, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility, and AMR genes of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 isolated from imported Australian beef cattle during quarantine in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to November 2025 using 680 samples collected from imported beef cattle at five quarantine facilities in West Java and Banten, Indonesia. Samples included 650 rectal fecal specimens and 30 environmental samples. Isolation and identification of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 were performed using selective culture, biochemical characterization, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting <i>rfbO157</i>, <i>fliCH7</i>, <i>stx1</i>, and <i>stx2</i>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Detection of AMR genes (<i>tetA</i>, <i>strA</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and <i>bla</i> _TEM) was performed by polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 680 samples examined, 16 (2.35%) were confirmed as <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, all originating from fecal samples. Among these isolates, 11 (68.75%) carried <i>stx1</i> and/or <i>stx2</i> genes and were classified as Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i>, whereas 5 (31.25%) were non-Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most isolates remained susceptible to the tested antimicrobials. Resistance was highest to tetracycline (31.25%), followed by ampicillin (6.25%). No resistance was observed to streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or enrofloxacin. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of AMR genes, including <i>tetA</i> (43.75%), <i>strA</i> (37.5%), <i>sul2</i> (18.75%), <i>qnrS</i> (18.75%), and <i>bla</i> _TEM (12.5%). Several isolates carried multiple resistance genes despite showing phenotypic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Imported beef cattle during quarantine in Indonesia carried <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 harboring virulence-associated Shiga toxin genes and latent AMR determinants. The presence of resistance genes in phenotypically susceptible isolates highlights the importance of integrating molecular surveillance with routine phenotypic testing to strengthen AMR monitoring and biosecurity measures within international live animal trade systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2450-2462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-associated <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> isolated from Naleh fish (<i>Barbonymus</i> sp.) enhances growth performance, feed utilization, and water quality in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>).","authors":"Cut Yulvizar, Yulia Sari Ismail, Cut Nanda Defira, Puja Nabila Agustina, Chendrastyan Meuraxa, Dewi Yunita, Zainal A Muchlisin, Suhartono Suhartono","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2585-2596","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2585-2596","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Common carp (&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus carpio&lt;/i&gt;) is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species; however, its production is often constrained by poor feed efficiency (FE), disease susceptibility, and deteriorating water quality. Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have been widely applied to improve fish performance and culture conditions. Host-associated probiotics candidate isolated from phylogenetically related fish species may provide superior colonization and biological benefits compared with non-native strains. Indigenous LAB isolated from Naleh fish (&lt;i&gt;Barbonymus&lt;/i&gt; sp.), a native freshwater species in western Aceh, Indonesia, may serve as a host-associated probiotic candidate for common carp (&lt;i&gt;C. carpio&lt;/i&gt;), as both species belong to the family Cyprinidae. This study evaluated the effects of LAB NJ19, an indigenous isolate obtained from the digestive tract of Naleh fish (&lt;i&gt;Barbonymus&lt;/i&gt; sp.), on growth performance, feed utilization, survival, and water quality in common carp.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A 40-day feeding trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates: control diet without probiotics, diet supplemented with LAB NJ19 at 1 g/100 g feed, and diet supplemented with the commercial probiotic EM-4 (PT Songgolangit Persada, Jakarta, Indonesia) at 1 g/100 g feed. Juvenile &lt;i&gt;C. carpio&lt;/i&gt; with an initial weight of 1.14 ± 0.07 g and length of 4.15 ± 0.10 cm were stocked at 10 fish per container. Molecular identification of LAB NJ19 was performed through &lt;i&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/i&gt; gene sequencing. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), FE, survival rate (SR), and water quality parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple-range test, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sequence analysis demonstrated that LAB NJ19 shared 99.46% similarity with &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecium&lt;/i&gt; and clustered within the &lt;i&gt;E. faecium&lt;/i&gt; clade. Dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization compared with the control (p &lt; 0.05). Fish fed LAB NJ19 exhibited the highest absolute weight gain (7.31 ± 0.29 g), specific growth rate (2.13 ± 0.03%/day), and FE (81.22 ± 3.26%), together with the lowest FCR (1.23 ± 0.04). The commercial probiotic EM-4 also enhanced growth and feed utilization, but was less effective than LAB NJ19 in improving growth-related parameters. SRs ranged from 67.50% to 77.50% and did not differ significantly among treatments (p &gt; 0.05). Water quality remained within acceptable limits throughout the experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The indigenous host-associated probiotic candidate LAB NJ19, identified as &lt;i&gt;E. faecium&lt;/i&gt;, significantly enhanced growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and water quality in &lt;i&gt;C. carpio&lt;/i&gt;. These findings high","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2585-2596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial efficacy of <i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i> and <i>Copaifera officinalis</i> essential oils against multidrug-resistant bovine mastitis pathogens.","authors":"Marcela Calciolari Branquinho, Margarete Kimie Falbo, Itacir Eloi Sandini, Marina Szychta, Kate Aparecida Buzi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2371-2378","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2371-2378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bovine mastitis remains a major constraint in dairy production, leading to substantial economic losses, compromised animal welfare, and increased antimicrobial use. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has reduced therapeutic efficacy and intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Essential oils (EOs) have gained attention due to their bioactive properties and potential role as adjunct or alternative therapeutics. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity of <i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i> and <i>Copaifera officinalis</i> EOs against reference strains and clinically characterized mastitis-associated bacteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Reference strains <i>Escherichia coli</i> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25922, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ATCC 13883, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923, and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 43300, along with clinical isolates of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Streptococcus uberis</i>, were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution. EOs were tested over a concentration range of 0.49-250 mg/mL, and bactericidal activity was defined as an MBC/MIC ratio ≤ 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles confirmed MDR phenotypes in methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 43300 and the clinical isolate of <i>S. agalactiae</i>. M. alternifolia EO exhibited broader antibacterial activity, inhibiting <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922 (MIC = 10 mg/mL; MBC/MIC = 1) and showing inhibitory effects against <i>S. uberis</i> (MIC = 15 mg/mL) and <i>S. agalactiae</i> (MIC = 31 mg/mL). However, bactericidal activity against streptococcal isolates was not observed (MBC/MIC > 4). <i>C. officinalis</i> EO demonstrated limited antibacterial activity, with growth inhibition detected only against <i>S. uberis</i> (MIC = 10 mg/mL) and <i>S. agalactiae</i> (MIC = 7.5 mg/mL), without bactericidal effects. No activity was observed against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> or methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> within the tested range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>M. alternifolia</i> EO exhibited broader antibacterial activity than <i>C. officinalis</i>, particularly against streptococcal mastitis pathogens. Although bactericidal effects were limited, the observed inhibitory activity highlights the potential of EOs as adjunct antimicrobial agents. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies, formulation optimization, and investigation of synergistic interactions with conventional antimicrobials are warranted to support their application in bovine mastitis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2371-2378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management system-dependent alterations in colonic mucosal architecture of swine: An Alcian Blue histochemistry and histomorphometric analysis of goblet cell density, epithelial height, and mucin-stromal ratio.","authors":"Nattawat Chaiyawong, Kwansuda Churud, Peerapong Wanpen, Metaporn Intarachuen, Charkriya Promsuban","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2379-2392","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2379-2392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Swine management systems can influence intestinal morphology, epithelial organization, and mucosal secretory activity through differences in environmental exposure, nutrition, hygiene, and husbandry practices. However, comparative histological evaluations of colonic mucin architecture among commercial swine production systems remain limited. This study aimed to compare goblet cell density, epithelial height, and mucin-stromal ratio in the colon of swine raised under beta-agonist-free, hygienic, and free-range management systems using Alcian Blue histochemistry and quantitative histomorphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Colonic tissue samples were collected from clinically healthy market-weight swine raised under beta-agonist-free, hygienic, and free-range conditions (n = 10 per group). Tissue sections were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) to visualize acidic mucins. Quantitative histomorphometric analyses were performed using ImageJ/Fiji software to determine goblet cell density, epithelial height, and mucin-stromal ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test, and significance was defined as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in colonic mucosal architecture were observed among the three management systems. Swine raised under the beta-agonist-free system exhibited significantly greater epithelial height (252.43 ± 17.27 µm) compared with hygienic (206.27 ± 20.66 µm) and free-range swine (228.84 ± 18.42 µm) (p < 0.05). Goblet cell density was also highest in the beta-agonist-free group (46.76 ± 7.16 cells/field), followed by the free-range and hygienic groups. The mucin-stromal ratio was significantly elevated in beta-agonist-free swine (1.82 ± 0.14) compared with free-range (1.43 ± 0.12) and hygienic swine (1.09 ± 0.10) (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed among epithelial height, goblet cell density, and mucin-stromal ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different swine management systems are associated with measurable alterations in colonic mucosal architecture. Beta-agonist-free swine demonstrated enhanced epithelial development, increased goblet cell abundance, and higher mucin-stromal ratio values, suggesting distinct structural adaptations of the colonic mucosa associated with production practices. The mucin-stromal ratio may serve as a useful integrative histomorphometric indicator for evaluating intestinal mucosal organization in swine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2379-2392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of peste des petits ruminants in Bangladesh: Epidemiology, diagnostics, risk factors, vaccination, and gaps toward eradication.","authors":"Sheuly Akter, Mst Sogra Banu Juli, Maksudur Rashid, Shukes Chandra Badhy, Shuvo Mazumder, Md Mostofa Kamal","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2358-2370","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2358-2370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease that severely impacts small ruminant production systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Bangladesh, where goats and sheep are critical to rural livelihoods, PPR remains endemic and poses substantial economic and food security challenges. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, risk factors, vaccine performance, and existing knowledge gaps to support national and global eradication efforts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A total of 930 records were identified through PubMed and Google Scholar, of which 22 eligible studies published between 2001 and April 2025 were included after rigorous screening. Data were extracted using a standardized framework and synthesized qualitatively due to heterogeneity in study designs, diagnostic methods, and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of studies (96%) focused on goats and sheep, highlighting their primary role in disease epidemiology. Reported prevalence varied widely (2.18%-42.26%), with higher susceptibility consistently observed in goats. Seroprevalence studies indicated substantial viral circulation across regions, with notable geographic disparities in research coverage. Diagnostic methods included clinical assessment, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, with limited integration of advanced molecular tools. Molecular characterization confirmed the exclusive circulation of Lineage IV strains, closely related to those from neighboring countries, indicating transboundary transmission. Key risk factors included age, seasonality, breed, animal movement, and vaccination status. Co-infections with bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens were frequently reported, complicating diagnosis and disease management. The locally produced vaccine demonstrated strong immunogenicity, with seroconversion rates exceeding 91% and fieldlevel protection lasting up to 12 months; however, vaccination coverage remains uneven across regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite progress in surveillance and vaccination, significant gaps persist in multi-species epidemiology, advanced diagnostics, co-infection management, and Differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)-compatible vaccine development. Strengthening integrated surveillance, improving vaccination coverage, and adopting rapid molecular diagnostics are critical to achieving PPR eradication targets in Bangladesh by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2358-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> and <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> supplementation on performance and egg quality of laying Mojosari ducks.","authors":"Wizna Wizna, Yan Heryandi, Romi Andika, Fajri Maulana, Satri Yusasra Agasi, Wilghi Deva Ridilan, Shinthia Rahmi, Mutia Nabila","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2568-2584","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2568-2584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The rising costs and limited availability of conventional feed ingredients, particularly fishmeal and soybean meal, have prompted the exploration of alternative protein sources for sustainable laying duck production. Hermetia illucens larvae and Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) are locally available, protein-rich resources with considerable nutritional potential; however, their use in laying duck diets remains limited due to concerns about nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency. Supplementation with probiotics such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens may improve nutrient utilization and support laying performance when unconventional feed ingredients are used. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of an H. illucens larvae and P. canaliculata (HI-PCL) meal blend supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens on the performance, egg quality, and economic efficiency of laying Mojosari ducks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 200 laying Mojosari ducks aged 25 weeks were used in a 6-week feeding trial arranged in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments and five replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted of different inclusion levels of an HI-PCL meal blend (80% HI and 20% PCL) in the diets: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. All ducks received <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> supplementation through drinking water throughout the experiment. Parameters evaluated included feed intake, daily egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), yolk index, Haugh unit, yolk color, egg dimensions, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary inclusion of the HI-PCL meal blend significantly affected (p < 0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, FCR, yolk index, Haugh unit, yolk color, and IOFC. Ducks fed the 15% HI-PCL diet showed the best productive performance, with daily egg production of 72.38%, egg weight of 68.96 g, egg mass of 49.66 g/bird/day, and FCR of 3.14. Yolk color intensity also increased significantly at the 15% inclusion level. However, egg length and egg width were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. The highest IOFC value (Indonesian rupiah [IDR] 847,176.64) was recorded in the 15% HI-PCL treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inclusion of a 15% HI-PCL meal blend supplemented with <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> improved laying performance, feed efficiency, yolk pigmentation, and economic return in Mojosari ducks without adversely affecting egg physical characteristics. Under the formulation used in this study, the HI-PCL blend completely replaced fish meal and reduced soybean meal inclusion by approximately 40%, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable alternative protein source for laying duck diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2568-2584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical antitumor evaluation of a tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (1:6) cannabis extract in an MCF-7 xenograft model of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.","authors":"Nuntana Meesiripan, Somchai Thanasitthichai, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Nuntakan Suwanpidokkul, Piyaporn Prayakprom, Chatchada Bodhibukkana, Vipada Khaowroongrueng, Kankanit Suriyachan, Attasit Srisubat, Pattamaporn Surawongsin, Kasem Rattanapinyopituk, Siriwan Sakarin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2496-2511","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2496-2511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted treatments. Cannabinoids derived from <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, particularly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have demonstrated anticancer properties in several experimental models; however, <i>in vivo</i> evidence in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of a THC:CBD (1:6) cannabis extract in a Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) xenograft mouse model of ER-positive breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Female BALB/c nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenograft tumors were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 5/group): negative control (sesame oil), positive control treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 20 mg/kg), and three treatment groups receiving oral THC:CBD (1:6) extract at doses of 2, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days. Tumor growth was monitored throughout the experiment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were performed to evaluate apoptosis-related morphology and tumor cell proliferation. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed to determine systemic safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabinoid-treated groups exhibited significant suppression of tumor growth compared with the negative control group. Tumor volume reduction was observed in all treatment groups, with the greatest reduction detected in the high-dose THC:CBD group. Histopathological evaluation revealed increased numbers of tumor cells exhibiting morphological features consistent with apoptosis in cannabinoid-treated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly lower PCNA expression scores in all THC:CBD-treated groups compared with both negative and positive controls, indicating reduced tumor cell proliferation. Hematological parameters remained within normal physiological ranges in cannabinoid-treated animals. However, elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were observed in the high-dose group, suggesting potential dose-related hepatic stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The THC:CBD (1:6) cannabis extract demonstrated significant antitumor activity in an MCF-7 xenograft model by suppressing tumor progression primarily through inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, with supportive apoptosis-related histological features. These findings provide novel <i>in vivo</i> evidence supporting the potential of cannabinoid-based formulations as adjunctive therapeutic approaches for ER-positive breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2496-2511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined ethanolic extracts of <i>Camellia sinensis</i> and <i>Curcuma longa</i> exhibit ovicidal and anthelmintic activities against <i>Fasciola gigantica</i> under <i>in vitro</i> conditions.","authors":"Sefi Lestyo Harini, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Kadek Rachmawati, Diky Ramdani, Anuraga Jayanegara, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Nanik Hidayatik","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2463-2478","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2463-2478","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica remains a major parasitic disease affecting ruminant livestock, leading to substantial economic losses through decreased productivity, liver condemnation, and mortality, while also posing a zoonotic threat. The prolonged and indiscriminate use of synthetic anthelmintics has contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite populations, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative and sustainable control strategies. Medicinal plants rich in bioactive phytochemicals have gained attention as potential natural anthelmintic agents. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains tannins and catechins with antiparasitic properties, whereas turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcuminoids known to disrupt parasite metabolism and structural integrity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combined ovicidal and anthelmintic activities of ethanolic extracts of green tea and turmeric against F. gigantica under in vitro conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Adult worms and eggs of &lt;i&gt;F. gigantica&lt;/i&gt; were collected from naturally infected cattle. Six treatment groups were established, including physiological saline as the negative control, nitroxynil 10% as the positive control, and four combinations of green tea and turmeric extracts at different concentrations. Ovicidal activity was evaluated based on egg degeneration after 16 days of incubation, whereas adulticidal activity was assessed through worm mortality at multiple exposure times. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural evaluation using scanning electron microscopy were performed to identify tissue and tegumental alterations. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The combined extracts demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent ovicidal and anthelmintic activities against &lt;i&gt;F. gigantica&lt;/i&gt;. The highest extract concentration produced the greatest percentage of egg degeneration, characterized by eggshell rupture, membrane damage, abnormal morphology, and failure of embryonic development. Adult worm mortality increased progressively with exposure time, and complete mortality was observed at prolonged exposure periods in all extract-treated groups. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed marked tegumental disruption, spine deformation, erosion of the oral and ventral suckers, rupture of the intestinal lumen, and surface exfoliation in treated worms. Although nitroxynil induced more rapid effects, the combined extracts exhibited substantial antiparasitic activity at higher concentrations and longer exposure times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Combined ethanolic extracts of green tea and turmeric exhibited significant ovicidal and anthelmintic activities against &lt;i&gt;F. gigantica&lt;/i&gt; under &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; conditions. The findings","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2463-2478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological, epizootological, and morphological characterization of canine transmissible venereal tumor in dogs in Astana, Kazakhstan: A one-year Veterinary Diagnostic Center study.","authors":"Gulmira Kalikhanovna Murzakayeva, Assel Yerzhanovna Paritova, Karlygash Kalabayevna Ashimova, Gulzhan Omarbekova, Damir Mikdatovich Khussainov, Assylbek Zhanabayev, Yelena Bredikhina, Katira Amirova, Bulat Balabayev, Abzal Kereyev, Bibaltyn Kairgeldina","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2667-2684","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2667-2684","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), also known as transmissible venereal sarcoma, is a naturally occurring, contagious neoplasm primarily transmitted by the transfer of viable tumor cells during mating. Although the disease is widely distributed worldwide, epidemiological and clinicopathological data from Central Asia remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize the epizootological distribution, clinical manifestations, hematological and biochemical alterations, microbiological findings, and morphological features of CTVT in dogs presented to a Veterinary Diagnostic Center in Astana, Kazakhstan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective observational study was conducted from February 2024 to February 2025. A total of 2,500 dogs were screened, and 425 dogs with tumor-like lesions underwent clinical, laboratory, cytological, histopathological, and microbiological investigations. Twenty-three dogs with confirmed CTVT were included in the final analysis. Animals were categorized according to the presence (n = 13) or absence (n = 10) of purulent complications. Clinical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, cytological evaluation using smear-imprint and fine-needle aspiration techniques, histopathological assessment, and microbiological testing were performed. Statistical analyses included Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio estimation, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;CTVT accounted for 23 of 425 tumor-bearing dogs (5.4%). The disease was more frequently observed in males (73.9%) and in dogs aged 1.5-5 years (65.2%). Mixed-breed dogs represented the largest affected group (47.8%). Clinically, all dogs exhibited friable genital masses accompanied by hemorrhagic discharge, while purulent exudation occurred in 56.5% of cases. Extragenital involvement was identified in 8.7% of dogs. Animals with purulent complications showed significantly elevated heart rate and respiratory rate (p &lt; 0.001), leukocytosis, reduced hemoglobin concentration, and lower hematocrit values. Biochemical analysis revealed increased concentrations of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase in dogs with purulent lesions. Cytological examination demonstrated round tumor cells with eccentrically positioned nuclei, coarse chromatin, prominent nucleoli, abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles forming a characteristic \"string-of-pearls\" pattern, and marked mitotic activity. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis and supported the observed cytomorphological features.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides the first comprehensive clinicopathological, epizootological, microbiological, and morphological characterization of CTVT in dogs from Kazakhstan. Male sex, reproductive age, and inadequate reproductive control were associated with disease","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2667-2684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative neuroprotective and cognitive effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, secretome, and exosomes in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.","authors":"Sri Hastuti, Indra Bactiar, Yetty Ramli, Imran Imran, Rinaldi Idroes","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2606-2618","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2606-2618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive impairment. Current antiepileptic therapies mainly control seizures and do not effectively prevent epileptogenesis or restore neurological function. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) and their cell-free derivatives, including secretome and exosomes, have emerged as promising regenerative therapies. This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective and cognitive effects of HuMSCs, secretome, and exosomes in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 6/group): healthy control, untreated epilepsy, HuMSC-treated epilepsy, secretome-treated epilepsy, and exosome-treated epilepsy. Epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal pilocarpine administration following scopolamine pre-treatment. Treatments were administered intravenously on days 14, 28, and 42 after induction. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test between days 50 and 56. Histopathological examination of the hippocampus, immunohistochemical evaluation, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) expression were performed to determine therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HuMSC therapy significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal damage compared with untreated epilepsy, secretome, and exosome groups (p < 0.05). The mean number of damaged neurons was lowest in the HuMSC-treated group and approached normal control values. HuMSC treatment restored SV2A and SOX10 expression to levels comparable with those of healthy controls, indicating improved synaptic integrity and glial support. In contrast, secretome treatment produced moderate improvement, whereas exosome treatment showed limited therapeutic benefit. Cognitive assessment revealed significantly shorter escape latency and superior spatial learning performance in the HuMSC-treated rats compared with all other epilepsy groups (p < 0.05). Behavioral improvements were consistent with the molecular and histopathological findings, demonstrating enhanced neuroprotection and functional recovery following HuMSC administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HuMSC therapy provided superior neuroprotective, molecular, and cognitive benefits compared with secretome and exosome treatments in a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. These findings support the potential of HuMSCs as a regenerative therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and suggest that intact stem cells may offer greater therapeutic efficacy than their cell-free derivatives. Further studies are required to optimize treatment protocols and evaluate long-term translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2606-2618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}