Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Rhodomyrtone-rich fractions from <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (Aiton) Hassk. leaves: A potent antimicrobial compound for <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>.","authors":"Mareena Daus, Supakit Paosen, Sakkarin Lethongkam, Suda Chakthong, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1025-1035","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1025-1035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen frequently implicated in skin and wound infections in companion animals. Its ability to form biofilms complicates treatment by increasing antibiotic resistance. Rhodomyrtone, a potent acylphloroglucinol isolated from <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i>, exhibits promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to develop rhodomyrtone-rich fractions and evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ethanolic extracts of <i>R. tomentosa</i> leaves were subjected to acetone partitioning followed by quick column chromatography, yielding fractions F1-F15. Fractions F3-F7 were selected based on thin-layer chromatography and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance for rhodomyrtone content and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25923, <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> ATCC 49444, and 10 clinical <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates was assessed using broth microdilution to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Fraction F4, with the highest rhodomyrtone content, was further investigated using time-kill kinetics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a crystal violet assay for biofilm inhibition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fraction F4 contained the highest rhodomyrtone concentration (489.08 mg/g) and demonstrated the most potent antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5 to 2 µg/mL and 2 to 8 µg/mL, respectively, against clinical isolates. The time-kill study revealed a 4-log reduction (99.99%) in bacterial load within 8 h at 2× MIC. Biofilm formation by all tested <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates was significantly inhibited at sub-MIC concentrations of F4 (p < 0.05). SEM analysis showed notable morphological disruptions in bacterial cells treated with F4, suggesting membrane damage as a possible mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fraction F4 from <i>R. tomentosa</i> leaf extract exhibited strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>, comparable to that of pure rhodomyrtone and superior to doxycycline. These findings support the potential use of rhodomyrtone-rich fractions as standardized herbal antibacterial agents in veterinary medicine, providing an effective alternative for treating drug-resistant staphylococcal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1025-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic surveillance of influenza A virus in live bird markets during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Diana Nurjanah, Risa Indriani, Teguh Suyatno, Harimurti Nuradji","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.955-968","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.955-968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Despite the global focus on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the avian influenza virus (AIV) continues to circulate in Indonesia, particularly in traditional live bird markets (LBMs), which serve as critical nodes for virus amplification and interspecies transmission. This study aimed to investigate the co-circulation and genetic features of AIV, particularly the H9N2 subtype, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in LBMs in East Java during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Environmental surveillance was conducted in seven traditional markets across four districts in East Java Province in 2021. Surface swabs were collected from high-risk areas, including poultry display tables, knives, cutting boards, and napkins. Samples were tested using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. Positive AIV samples were further subtyped, sequenced, and analyzed for genetic markers associated with virulence, reassortment, and mammalian adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 156 samples tested, 17 (10.9%) were positive for influenza A, with 3 (1.9%) confirmed as the H9 subtype. These H9-positive samples were collected from a knife, cutting board, and napkin in the same market location in Lamongan Regency. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses revealed that two isolates (LSJ/Env/83 and LSJ/Env/84) were H9N2 reassortants, harboring key molecular markers such as Q226L, T160A, and S138A in the hemagglutinin protein, indicative of increased affinity for human-type receptors. Additional substitutions in PB2, MP, and NS1 proteins were associated with enhanced replication and virulence in mammalian and avian hosts. All samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the continued environmental circulation of reassortant H9N2 AIVs in traditional markets during the COVID-19 pandemic, with isolates displaying genetic features indicative of zoonotic potential. These findings underscore the necessity for sustained genomic surveillance and stricter biosecurity interventions in LBMs to prevent cross-species transmission and mitigate pandemic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"955-968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian native cattle breeds using microsatellite markers: A review.","authors":"Rini Hastarina, Agung Purnomoadi, Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Fatmawati Mustofa, Putu Novia Gariri, Pupus Galau Prahara, Firda Tasya Kamila, Syaddad Verahry Philco, Maulida Arkaan Muhammad Da'i, Asep Setiaji","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1036-1046","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1036-1046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia is home to a diverse array of native cattle breeds - such as Aceh, Bali, Madura, and Sumba Ongole - that are uniquely adapted to their regional environments and integral to the country's agricultural and cultural heritage. This review synthesizes current research on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Indonesian native cattle using microsatellite markers, a robust molecular tool for assessing genetic variation. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that geographical isolation, selective breeding, and human-mediated practices have shaped the genetic structure of these populations. Notably, Bali and Madura cattle exhibit distinctive genetic clusters reflecting island isolation and long-standing breeding traditions. Findings also underscore concerns regarding genetic erosion caused by uncontrolled crossbreeding with exotic breeds, which threatens local adaptability and increases the risk of inbreeding. Key genetic parameters - including allele richness, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficients - suggest varying degrees of genetic integrity among the breeds, with several populations showing signs of inbreeding depression. Microsatellite data further demonstrate clear phylogenetic separation among breeds, offering valuable insights for breed identification and conservation planning. The primary strength of this review lies in its comprehensive integration of genetic studies across diverse breeds and islands, providing a national-scale perspective. However, limitations include the underrepresentation of certain breeds and reliance on microsatellite data without integration of high-resolution genomic tools. Future research should incorporate advanced molecular techniques e.g., sngle-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and whole-genome sequencing) and longitudinal monitoring to inform targeted conservation strategies. This review advocates for the incorporation of molecular genetic data into national breeding and conservation programs. Strengthening such initiatives is essential for preserving Indonesia's indigenous cattle as valuable genetic resources for climate-resilient, sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1036-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of immunosuppression of genotype A2dB1 variant infectious bursal disease virus isolated in Malaysia using specific pathogen-free and commercial broiler chickens.","authors":"Paniz Zarghami Dastjerdi, Mohd Hair Bejo, Nor Yasmin Abd Rahaman, Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji, Roikhwan Soontravanich, Shen Rong Tai, Abdul Rahman Omar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.799-807","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.799-807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the IBD virus (IBDV), which adversely affects poultry vaccination programs. The novel variant IBDV (nvIBDV) has recently emerged in various regions, including Malaysia, raising concerns about its immunosuppressive potential and impact on Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the immunosuppressive effects of the Malaysian nvIBDV strain (UPM1432/2019) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and broiler chickens and evaluate its influence on ND vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SPF chickens were orally infected with nvIBDV across three passage levels to study virus-induced clinical signs, lesions, and atrophy. Broiler chickens were vaccinated with live and killed ND vaccines and subsequently challenged with nvIBDV to measure ND antibody titers. The genotype of nvIBDV was characterized using sequence analysis of segments A and B. Bursal histopathology and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the virus's immunosuppressive effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infected SPF chickens displayed no clinical signs but showed significant bursal atrophy and lesions across all passages (p < 0.05). Broilers infected with nvIBDV exhibited no mortality or clinical signs; however, ND antibody titers significantly declined by 14 days post-challenge (1493.0 ± 746.1) compared with the unchallenged group (2975.7 ± 189.5; p < 0.01). Histopathological analysis revealed severe depletion of the bursal follicles, lymphoid cell aggregation, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Genotyping of nvIBDV identified as genotype A2dB1, consistent with strains from other regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Malaysian nvIBDV strain causes subclinical infections in SPF and broiler chickens, resulting in bursal atrophy and reduced ND vaccine-induced antibody titers. Silent spread and immunosuppressive effects present significant challenges to poultry health management and vaccination efficacy. Enhanced diagnostic and biosecurity measures are crucial for mitigating its impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"799-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do bulls experience pain or stress during electroejaculation? Evidence from electroencephalography, behavioral, hormonal, and metabolite profiling.","authors":"Ubedullah Kaka, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Pavan Kumar, Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar, Yong-Meng Goh, Muhammad Waseem Aslam, Khaleeq Ur Rehman Bhutto, Muhammad Abdul Basit, Wasim S M Qadi, Norazlan Mohmad Misnan, Ahmed Mediani, Khor Kuan Hua","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.763-772","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.763-772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Electroejaculation (EE) is widely used for semen collection in bulls but raises concerns about animal welfare due to potential pain and stress. The physiological impact of EE on bulls remains a topic of debate, with previous studies yielding inconclusive results. This study aims to objectively evaluate pain and stress responses in bulls subjected to EE using electroencephalography (EEG) alongside hormonal, behavioral, and metabolite profiling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight bulls were subjected to EE in three replicates, with physiological and behavioral data collected before, during, and after the procedure. EEG parameters, including median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot), were analyzed to assess cortical activity indicative of pain and stress. Blood samples were evaluated for stress-related hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, β-endorphin, and dopamine), while metabolomic analysis was conducted to identify biochemical alterations associated with stress. Behavioral indicators, including vocalization and muscle spasms, were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EE induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in stress hormones at ejaculation, which gradually returned to baseline 20 min post-procedure. EEG metrics, such as MF and Ptot, significantly increased during EE (p < 0.05), indicating heightened cortical activity associated with nociception. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct biochemical shifts, with variations in glucose, taurine, and norepinephrine profiles across baseline, stimulation, and recovery phases. Behavioral observations corroborated physiological findings, with bulls exhibiting signs of discomfort, such as struggling, arched back posture, and excessive salivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined EEG, hormonal, and metabolomic findings confirm that EE is a stressful and painful procedure for bulls. The study provides robust evidence of neurophysiological and biochemical responses indicative of pain. These findings highlight the need for alternative semen collection methods to minimize animal distress and improve welfare standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"763-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological changes in anemic dairy calves treated with a hematinic complex.","authors":"Roberto González-Garduño, Fleider Leiser Peña-Escalona, Rocío Hernández-Díaz, Carlos Luna-Palomera, Ema de Jesús Maldonado-Siman, Ever Del Jesus Flores-Santiago, Alfonso J Chay-Canul","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.994-1001","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.994-1001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Weaning is a critical period in calf development, particularly under tropical conditions where nutritional stress and parasitic infestations can precipitate anemia. Anemia compromises growth and survival; yet, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of hematinic therapy in anemic calves before weaning in tropical systems. This study aimed to assess hematological responses in anemic dairy calves treated with a hematinic complex and to establish anemia thresholds based on hematological indices in healthy calves raised under tropical conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 22 Holstein × Zebu calves were studied from January to April 2024 in Tabasco, Mexico. Calves were grouped as healthy (n = 10; hematocrit [HCT] >24%) or anemic (n = 12; HCT <24%). The anemic group received an intramuscular hematinic complex for 5 consecutive days and three additional doses at day 42. Hematological parameters were measured every 21 days using an automated analyzer. Anemia thresholds were defined from the healthy group using mean ± 2 standard deviations. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures design over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anemia thresholds were determined as HCT <21.3%, hemoglobin (HGB) <7.5 g/dL, and red blood cell (RBC) <5.4 × 10⁶/µL. At baseline, anemic calves exhibited significantly lower HCT (21.4%), HGB (6.9 g/dL), and RBC (5.9 × 10⁶/µL) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Three calves presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia and one with macrocytic anemia. By day 42, hematinic-treated calves surpassed the anemia threshold, reaching an HCT of 25%, and further increased to 30% following the second treatment. HGB and RBC levels also improved, showing no significant differences from healthy calves at study end. Males responded more robustly to treatment than females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of a hematinic complex effectively restored hematological parameters in anemic calves within 42 days, with sustained improvement following a second application. This intervention is recommended as part of pre-weaning health protocols to mitigate anemia-related growth setbacks in tropical cattle systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"994-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminal digestion, gastrointestinal microbial profile, and metabolic pathways after the introduction of silicon-containing ultrafine particles into bull.","authors":"Elena Sizova, Elena Yausheva, Sergey Miroshnikov, Aina Kamirova, Daniil Shoshin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1070-1081","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1070-1081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to enhance livestock productivity and sustainability. Silicon-containing ultrafine particles (UFPs) have shown potential benefits in animal nutrition, yet their effects on gastrointestinal microbial composition and ruminal digestion in cattle remain poorly understood. This study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with silicon-containing UFPs on ruminal digestibility, bacterial taxonomic structure, and predicted metabolic functions in the gastrointestinal microbiota of cattle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 42-day controlled feeding experiment was conducted on 20 Kazakh white-headed bulls (12 months old, 305 ± 10.4 kg), divided into control and experimental groups (n = 10 each). The experimental group received a diet supplemented with SiO₂ UFPs (2 mg/kg feed). Digestibility coefficients were measured using standard methods, and ruminal fluid samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes -based functional profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UFP supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter (3.5%), crude fiber (3.5%), crude protein (5.2%), and organic matter (8.11%) compared to the control group. The experimental group exhibited elevated relative abundances of <i>Prevotellaceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Oscillospiraceae</i>, and genera <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, and <i>Selenomonas</i>. Functional prediction analysis revealed higher proportions of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., starch, galactose, and amino sugar pathways), lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and the biosynthesis of key vitamins and cofactors. Microbial diversity metrics (Chao1, Shannon) indicated significant changes in alpha diversity, with moderate shifts in beta diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary inclusion of silicon-containing UFPs enhances nutrient digestibility and induces favorable modifications in the ruminal microbiota, including functional pathways linked to energy and macronutrient metabolism. These findings support the integration of nanotechnology-based feed additives in cattle nutrition to improve feed efficiency, productivity, and potentially reduce environmental impacts such as methane emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1070-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical comparison of the non-locking bone plate, locking bone plate, and double-rod clamp internal fixation in a canine femoral model.","authors":"Rutjathorn Maneewan, Nattapon Chantarapanich, Takuma Morimoto, Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.773-781","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.773-781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine femoral fractures are prevalent in veterinary medicine, necessitating effective fixation methods to ensure stability and promote healing. Conventional bone plate fixation methods, including non-locking and locking plates, have inherent limitations, such as periosteal damage and mechanical failure. This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical performance of three fixation methods - non-locking bone plates, locking bone plates, and a novel double-rod clamp internal fixation system - using finite element analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A computed tomography-based canine femur model was created to simulate a midshaft commin-uted fracture with a 20 mm gap. Three fixation configurations were modeled: A non-locking bone plate, a locking bone plate, and a double-rod clamp system. FEA was performed to assess implant stress and proximal fragment displacement under physiological axial loading. Mesh refinement and multiple loading conditions were incorporated to enhance computational accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The non-locking bone plate exhibited the highest implant stress (1160.22 MPa), surpassing the material yield strength and indicating a risk of mechanical failure. The double-rod clamp system demonstrated lower stress (628.34 MPa), whereas the locking bone plate had the lowest stress (446.63 MPa). Proximal fragment displacement was highest in the non-locking bone plate (2.37 mm), followed by the double-rod clamp system (0.99 mm), with the locking bone plate exhibiting the least displacement (0.34 mm), suggesting superior stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The double-rod clamp system emerged as a promising alternative, offering a balance between stability and stress distribution while minimizing periosteal damage. While the locking bone plate provided the greatest stability, the double-rod clamp fixation demonstrated favorable mechanical properties and could serve as a cost-effective and minimally invasive alternative in veterinary orthopedics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"773-781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat stress on egg performance in laying hens under hot and humid conditions.","authors":"Suchawadee Tesakul, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Yukio Morita, Warangkana Kitpipit","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.851-858","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.851-858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Egg production is a critical indicator of reproductive efficiency in laying hens. High environmental temperatures and humidity expose laying hens to heat stress, adversely affecting egg production, egg quality, feed intake, blood chemistry, health, and behavior. Despite the global economic significance of egg production, research on the impact of heat stress in tropical climates, particularly in locally adapted breeds, remains limited. This study investigates the effects of heat stress on egg production in a new synthetic breed of laying hens raised under hot and humid conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study utilized secondary data from the Ligor chicken development project, covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2023. A total of 1293 daily records of egg production from 872 laying hens, aged between 20 and 70 <i>week</i>s, were analyzed. Egg production parameters, including hen day production (HDP) and average egg weight (AEW), were recorded daily. Environmental data, including temperature and humidity, were collected at hourly intervals using a data recorder. The heat stress index (HSI) was calculated based on temperature and relative humidity values. Statistical analyses, including regression modeling, were performed to assess the relationship between HSI and egg production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that heat stress negatively impacted egg production. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between HSI and both HDP and AEW (p < 0.05). For each unit increase in HSI, HDP decreased by 1.29%, and AEW declined by 0.18 g. These results indicate that heat stress adversely affects the productivity of laying hens in tropical climates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heat stress significantly reduces egg production and egg weight in laying hens under hot and humid conditions. The findings highlight the need for adaptive breeding strategies and improved environmental management to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress. Future research should focus on genetic selection for heat resistance and the integration of precision farming techniques to optimize poultry production in tropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"851-858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Pacific white shrimp immunity against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> through β-glucan supplementation from marine diatoms.","authors":"Chettupon Pooljun, Pitchanee Jariyapong, Patcharapon Laksana-Aut, Ikuo Hirono, Suwit Wuthisuthimethavee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1047-1058","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1047-1058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) is a principal species in global aquaculture. However, outbreaks of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, the etiological agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), cause substantial economic losses. β-glucans derived from marine diatoms, <i>Chaetoceros muelleri</i> (CH) and <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i> (TH), have shown potential as immunostimulants to enhance shrimp resistance to pathogenic infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of β-glucans derived from CH, TH, and their combination on growth performance, immune responses, and survival of <i>P. vannamei</i> and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms through transcriptomic and gene silencing approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Juvenile shrimp were assigned to four dietary groups for 30 days: Control (β-glucan-free), β-glucan from CH, TH, and a mixture of both (CH and TH) (CHTH). Growth performance, total hemocyte count (THC), and survival rate were evaluated. RNA-seq was performed on hepatopancreas samples after 14 days to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key immune-related DEGs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Functional analysis of the <i>lysozyme</i> (<i>Lyz</i>) gene was conducted through RNA interference (RNAi), followed by <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> challenge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CHTH diet group exhibited significantly enhanced growth metrics and the highest survival rate. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1,902 DEGs in the CHTH group compared to control, with 915 upregulated and 987 downregulated genes. qRT-PCR validated the expression trends of selected immune-related genes, notably <i>Lyz</i>, which showed robust upregulation. RNAi-mediated <i>Lyz</i> knockdown reduced survival upon bacterial challenge, confirming its role in β-glucan-induced immunity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>β-glucans derived from CH and TH, particularly in combination, significantly enhance growth performance and immunocompetence in <i>P. vannamei</i>. These findings underscore the potential of marine diatom-derived β-glucans as viable immunostimulants to mitigate AHPND in shrimp aquaculture, offering a sustainable alternative to antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1047-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}