Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Multiplex immunochromatographic assay using a universal labeling reactant for determining antibiotic residues in milk.","authors":"Assem N Jangulova, Nadezhda A Taranova, Boris B Dzantiev, Zhannara Zh Akanova, Aitbay K Bulashev","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2527-2536","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2527-2536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In animal husbandry, antibiotics are frequently used as growth promoters, as well as for illness prevention and treatment. They are considered important toxic and allergenic contaminants of food and a serious risk factor for the spread of antibiotic resistance. National and international regulatory authorities have established limits on the permissible residue of antibiotics in food. Immunochromatographic test strips are the most efficient tools for the simple and rapid control of antibiotics for food safety. In these tests, each antibody specific to a particular antibiotic is labeled with a marker, which complicates the manufacturing technology and increases the cost of the test. This study aimed to develop a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) to determine streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TC), and chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in milk by indirect labeling of antibiotic-specific antibodies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Test strips were composed using 15 μm pore size CNPC nitrocellulose membranes, GFB-R4 separation, and AP045 adsorption pads. The applied reactants include TC and STR conjugates with bovine serum albumin, and CAP-soybean trypsin inhibitor conjugate; anti-TC, anti-STR, and anti-CAP mouse monoclonal antibodies; goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (GAMI) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and staphylococcal protein A. Milk samples were collected from cows and goats that had not been injected with any antibiotics. STR and TC/CAP at concentrations of 0.27-600 ng/mL and 0.04-30 ng/mL were added to skim milk, respectively. Milk samples were tested by ICA and calibration curves were constructed to determine the sensitivity of the assay for each antibiotic used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A multiplex ICA of three antibiotic residues in milk was achieved through labeling of immune complexes using a single reagent, GNPs-GAMI. The visual limits of detection (LOD) were 600 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 30 ng/mL for STR, TC, and CAP in cow and goat milk, respectively. Instrumental LODs gave higher sensitivity when analyzed goat milk to STR, TC, and CAP (1.2, 0.05, and 1.3 ng/mL) than cows' milk (7.27, 0.96, and 2.07 ng/mL, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed approach for manufacturing multiplex ICA tests for the detection of antibiotic residues in milk does not involve labeling specific antibodies and is implemented using only GNP conjugates with anti-species antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2527-2536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of olive cake alone or in combination with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in Black goat kids: Implications for performance and health.","authors":"Belal S Obeidat, Jafar Al-Khazaleh, Milton G Thomas, Mohammed D Obeidat, Basheer M Nusairat","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2497-2505","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2497-2505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>To address the problems associated with the availability and prices of conventional feeds, researchers have started to include alternative feeds to reduce the cost of diets and increase profitability. This study examined the influences of olive cake (OC), either alone or in combination with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (SC), in the diet of black kids.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty kids were distributed into three treatments: A free OC diet (control [CON]), OC (20% OC), and OCSC (20% OC with 1 g SC head/d). While penned individually, the kids were fed daily and allowed to acclimate to their diets and pens for 7 days. After acclimation, the kids were fed the prescribed diets for 63 days. Five kids were chosen from each group on day 50 of the feeding period and moved to the metabolic cages to evaluate nutrient digestibility and N balance. At the end of the study, all kids were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding the OCSC diet increased (p = 0.035) DM intake for kids compared with the OC and CON. The CP intake was higher (p = 0.021) in the OCSC group than in the CON group. Growth performance parameters were higher (p ≤ 0.031) in the OCSC group than in the CON diet. Feed conversion efficiency was improved (p = 0.052) by incorporating OCSC compared with the CON diet. Consequently, economic return was enhanced (p = 0.003) by feeding the OC and OCSC groups. Kids fed the OCSC had a higher cold carcass weight (p = 0.054) than those fed the CON diet. The OCSC group also showed increased (p ≤ 0.027) loin cut and intermuscular fat weights compared with the OC and CON groups. All measured serum metabolites were similar in CON and groups incorporating OCs or OCSCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that adding 20% OC combined with SC to the diet of growing kids improved some growth and carcass characteristic parameters without affecting their health status. Notably, using OC along with SC could be an option for feed cost reduction in kids' diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2497-2505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Lactobacillus farciminis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> on the duodenal development of specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens.","authors":"Sabine Eglite, Sintija Jonova, Dace Gorbačevska, Maksims Zolovs, Aija Ilgaza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2517-2526","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2517-2526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The positive effects of <i>Lactobacillus farciminis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> on growth and feed consumption indicators have been described; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of <i>L. farciminis</i> CNCM-I-3699 (2.10¹⁰ GU/g) and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> CNCM-I-3698 (2.10¹⁰ GU/g) to the feed of Ross 308 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) broiler chickens (at a dose of 4 g/10 kg feed) affects live weight gain, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and duodenal development in SPF broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 780 SPF broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups (three replicates per group) immediately after hatching: The control group (n = 390) and the probiotic group (n = 390). Live body weight (g) and FCR were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the study. Histological examinations (hematoxylin and eosin staining) of the duodenum were performed, and the villus height (VH), villus width, crypt depth (CD), muscle layer thickness, and VH: CD ratio were measured. In addition, immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding a probiotic mixture containing <i>L. farciminis</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> to SPF broiler chickens for 35 days increased the duodenal absorption area and muscle layer thickness. In addition, it accelerated the histological development of the duodenum, as evidenced by the significantly higher number of PCNA-positive cells within the crypts. Although SPF broiler chickens in the ProL group exhibited greater live weight gain and lower FCR throughout the study, these differences were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that <i>L. farciminis</i> and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> can serve as additives to SPF broiler chicken feed to promote growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2517-2526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of <i>VP1</i> gene during the foot and mouth disease virus outbreak in East Java, Indonesia, in 2022.","authors":"Zayyin Dinana, Suwarno Suwarno, Imam Mustofa, Jola Rahmahani, Kusnoto Kusnoto, Aussie Tahta Maharani, Anisa Lailatul Fitria, Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum, Firdausy Kurnia Maulana, Nur Saidah Said, Deka Uli Fahrodi, Fedik Abdul Rantam","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2469-2476","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2469-2476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is highly contagious in cloven-hoofed animals, and it causes outbreaks in Indonesia and several countries worldwide. This disease is caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), which belongs to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae. In 1990, the World Organization for Animal Health Office International des Epizooties recognized Indonesia as an FMD-free country. A new FMDV outbreak in Indonesia was reported in April 2022 and confirmed in May 2022, resulting in economic losses to the beef cattle sector. This study aimed to determine the genotype and amino acid content of viral proteins (<i>VP1</i>) gene.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples were obtained from vesicle swabs from the mouth and feet of cattle in Banyuwangi Regency, Lamongan Regency, and Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were identified using one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with a pair of specific primers encoding the <i>VP1</i>O serotype with a target of 1165 bp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing revealed that the FMDV subtype belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolate was 100% amino acid-identical to the Indonesian outbreak isolates from 2022 and 95% identical to isolates from Southeast Asia. The amino acid substitutions found in the G-H Loop of the <i>VP1</i>were S134C, D138E, T140A, and A156T. Only the K135Q mutation was detected in Lamongan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The spread of the subtype O/ME-SA/Ind2001e in South-east Asia caused an outbreak in Indonesia due to less stringent animal traffic control measures. Surveillance studies and whole-genome sequence analyses are important for monitoring FMDV genetics in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2469-2476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection of gastrointestinal parasites with paratuberculosis in naturally infected sheep.","authors":"Rami M Mukbel, Wael M Hananeh, Asya Radhi, Zuhair Bani Ismail","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2577-2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2577-2585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), which is a chronic wasting disease. No previous study has been found to investigate the coinfection of gastrointestinal parasites with paratuberculosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between paratuberculosis and gastrointestinal parasitism in naturally infected local Awassi (AS) and imported Tsurcana (TS) sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 207 sheep (118 AS and 89 TS) were randomly selected from local butcher shops and slaughterhouses. Fecal and tissue samples from the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected. Fecal samples were screened for the presence of parasitic ova and oocysts. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained and Ziehl-Neelsen-stained tissues were examined for evidence of inflammation, acid-fast bacteria, and parasitic structures. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mucosal thickening and corrugation of the ileum were found in AS sheep (74/113 [65.5%], 10/113 [8.8%], respectively) and TS sheep (21/88 [23.9%], 8/88 [9.1%], respectively). Histopathologically, diffuse multibacillary/histiocytic form was detected only in the AS sheep breed. AS sheep had higher levels of acid-fast bacteria in the ileum (70/113 [61.9%]) compared with TS sheep (34/88 [38.6%]). In addition, parasitic structure and severe eosinophilic inflammation were detected in AS (10/113 [8.8%], 108/113 [95.6%], respectively) and TS sheep (2/88 [2.3%], 70/88 [79.5%], respectively). Parasitic infections were detected in fecal samples from 15/118 (12.7%) AS sheep and 11/89 (12.4%) TS sheep. Coinfection between gastrointestinal parasites and paratuberculosis was detected histologically in 8/118 (7.1%) and 2/88 (2.3%) AS and TS sheep, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk factor analysis indicated that the ileum from the AS sheep breed was 2.164 times more likely to have acid-fast bacteria and 2.874 times more likely to have eosinophilic infiltrations than the TS sheep breed. Results of this preliminary study may indicate the role of the sheep in the pathogenesis and shedding of MAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2577-2585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate with alcohol and polyhexamethylene biguanide with Tris-EDTA as antiseptic solutions for pre-operative skin preparation in dogs.","authors":"Nithida Boonwittaya, Chompoonek Yurayart, Pareeya Udomkusonsri, Saroch Kaewmanee, Somchai Sompaisarnsilp, Naris Thengchaisri, Taksaon Duangurai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2451-2459","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2451-2459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Skin antisepsis plays a crucial role in pre-operative skin preparation, with chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol being historically the preferred choice. However, concerns have risen regarding the development of bacterial resistance to chlorhexidine. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) combined with Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Tris-EDTA) has recently emerged as a skin and wound antiseptic. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy and local safety of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with 70% alcohol (CG+Alc) and 0.3% PHMB with 6% Tris and 1.86% EDTA (PHMB+Tris-EDTA) for pre-operative skin preparation in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four adult dogs underwent aseptic preparation on both sides of their ventral abdomens, with one side receiving CG+Alc and the other side receiving PHMB+Tris-EDTA, assigned randomly. Skin swab samples were collected pre-antisepsis and at 3-, 10-, and 60-min post-antisepsis to quantify bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs). Local skin reactions (erythema and edema) were evaluated after hair clipping, pre-antisepsis, and at 3-, 10-, 30-, and 60-min post-antisepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in bacterial CFU counts between the two antiseptic groups pre-antiseptic. Both solutions significantly reduced CFU counts (p < 0.05) at all post-antisepsis sampling times compared with pre-antisepsis. However, dogs treated with PHMB+Tris-EDTA showed a significantly higher incidence of edema at 10 min (p = 0.02) and 30 min (p = 0.003) and a higher incidence of erythema at 10 min (p = 0.043) post-antisepsis compared with CG+Alc. No skin reactions were observed in either group at 60 min post-antisepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CG+Alc and PHMB+Tris-EDTA reduced bacterial counts in pre-operative skin preparation in dogs. However, acute transient skin reactions were observed more frequently following the application of PHMB+Tris-EDTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2451-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus attenuated AMHA1 strain against digestive system tumors.","authors":"Mohammed Abdullah Hamad, Aous Kahtan Almzaien, Firas Riyadh Jameel, Maeda Hussain Mohammad, Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2688-2693","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2688-2693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Malignant diseases are among the most common and deadly illnesses that are often spread due to lifestyle choices. These diseases are caused by unchecked cell growth, which can be curable if detected early. Cancer treatment is dependent on various internal and external factors. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has emerged as a promising virotherapeutic agent due to its oncolytic activity and safety profile. This study investigated the ability of virulent NDV to infect, replicate, and kill digestive tumor cells in esophageal and colorectal cancers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>NDV was used at several concentrations (multiplicities of infection [MOI]: 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20) on two models of tumor cells: colorectal carcinoma (HRT) and esophageal carcinoma (SK-GT). The investigation focused on the cytotoxic effects of NDV in these cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that SK-GT carcinoma cells (esophageal and colorectal carcinoma) exhibited a high cytotoxic response to NDV, which was directly proportional to the MOI concentration. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of NDV was 5.736 for the SK-GT cell line and 9.878 for the HRT cell line.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NDV can replicate and kill cancer cells in esophageal and colorectal cancers. We recommend conducting <i>in vivo</i> studies on transplanted digestive system tumors in mouse models to evaluate their anti-tumor activity <i>in vivo</i>, as the present study was limited to <i>in vitro</i> models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2688-2693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose radiation research insights in experimental animals: A gateway to therapeutic implications.","authors":"Nayanatara Arunkumar, Megha Gokul, Harini Narayanam, A K Ananya","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2253-2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2253-2258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, a significant research effort has been underway to explore the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR). Animal models play a key role in various fields of research, including biomedicine, pharmaceutical, environmental, and behavioral studies. The use of animal models has been an invaluable tool in radiation research for understanding radiation biology, assessing radiation risks, and developing strategies for radiation protection and medical management. In the present review, the initial part focuses on the deleterious effects of high-dose radiation, and in correlation to that, in the later part of the review, the emphasis has been given to experimental approaches to explore the beneficial effects of LDR using animal models. This review could help explore the innovative approach for future research targeting the therapeutic role of LDR in various diseases, including depression, Cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2253-2258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative intrafollicular and plasma iron, ferritin, and transferrin concentrations in cycling mares.","authors":"Katiuska Satué, Esterina Fazio, Gemma Velasco-Martinez, Cristina Cravana, Deborah La Fauci, Pietro Medica","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2370-2375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2370-2375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In females of various species and experimental animals, iron (Fe) status in follicular fluid (FF) is associated with local physiological reproductive events related to follicle development, steroidogenesis, and oocyte maturation. However, these mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to determine and compare the intrafollicular and plasma concentrations of Fe, ferritin (Ferr), and transferrin (TRF) in cycling mares.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty ovaries were collected during the breeding season from 30 clinically normal mares raised for slaughterhouse meat production. Blood samples were collected before slaughter. Follicles were classified into three categories according to size: Small (20-30 mm; n = 20), medium (≥31-40 mm; n = 20), and large (≥41 mm; n = 20). The FF samples, after collection, were immediately taken to the laboratory for processing and were centrifuged, and the Fe and Ferr concentrations in the supernatant and plasma were determined by spectrophotometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although intrafollicular Fe and Ferr were similar to plasma, TRF was significantly higher in FF than in systemic circulation (p < 0.05). Follicular development does not modify the status of Fe in the mare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on this evidence, it is possible that the acquisition of this molecule possibly originated from a local <i>de novo</i> source, whereas their diffusion through ultrafiltration does not play a relevant role. These results provide new scientific insights into the status of follicle Fe, suggesting its involvement in normal ovarian functions in mares.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2370-2375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of food color additives and evaluation of their acute toxicity in Wistar albino rats.","authors":"D A Qasim, I J Lafta","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2329-2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.2329-2337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The use of food dyes can cause certain diseases, such as anemia and indigestion, along with other disorders, tumors, and even cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the chemical nature and toxicity of some commercial dyes locally used in processed foods compared with standard food dyes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three types of standard and commercial food color additives (Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine, and Carmoisine) were extensively examined. The chemical structures and functional groups of the dyes were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The melting temperatures of the dyes were also determined by chemical thermal analysis. The acute toxicity test to evaluate the standard and commercial food color safety was estimated by a range-finding study using 150 Wistar albino rats. Sub-groups were administered one of the three colors under study at doses of 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/kg body weight (BW) orally for 7 days. When no mortality was observed, an additional 15 g/kg BW was administered. Concerning the median lethal dose 50 (LD₅₀), 38 rats were exploited using the up-and-down method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Commercial dyes had lower melting points than standard colors. Regarding the range-finding study, rats receiving different doses of the dyes exhibited no signs of toxicity, no deaths, and no clinical or gross pathological signs throughout the 7 days of the experiment. However, the animals that were dosed with 15 g/kg BW of each dye showed signs of loss of appetite, tachycardia, drowsiness, and eventual death. The LD₅₀ values of the commercial food dyes, particularly Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine, were lower than those of the standard dyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commercial food colors were more toxic to rats than standard food colors. Differences were observed between the purity of the standard and commercial dyes, and the latter ones contained different percentages of salt, indicating the occurrence of fraud in commercial markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 10","pages":"2329-2337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}