Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of anthocyanin-rich Napier grass silage on feed intake, milk production, plasma profile, and nutritional digestibility in lactating crossbred Saanen goats.","authors":"Anan Chaokaur, Janjira Sittiya, Pornpan Saenphoom, Pattaraporn Poommarin, Wilasinee Inyawilert, Jai-Wei Lee, Attapol Tiantong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2802-2810","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2802-2810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants and scavengers of free radicals found in fruits, purple corn, and other naturally occurring purple plants. Several studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins possess strong antioxidant properties and can enhance ruminant production by modulating intracellular oxidative stress and modifying ruminal fermentation. This study aimed to examine the effects of anthocyanin-rich Napier grass silage (ANS) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production, plasma profile, and antioxidant capacity in lactating crossbred Saanen goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nine healthy lactating goats (crossbreeds of Thai-native and Saanen breeds aged 8-12 months) were selected and randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: (1) Corn silage (CS), (2) Napier grass silage (NS), and (3) ANS. Daily feed refusals were recorded to calculate dry matter intake for the animal performance assessment. In addition to analyzing feed intake, nutrient intake, and nutrient digestibility, milk and blood samples were also analyzed for protein composition, leukocyte count, and antioxidant capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CS-fed goats had the highest (p < 0.05) feed intake (1.09 kg/day), a value markedly exceeding those of NS- and ANS-fed goats (0.80 and 0.76 kg/day, respectively). They also had higher (p < 0.05) organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber intake (0.99 kg and 0.50 kg/day) than the other two groups. Protein intake did not differ significantly (0.14, 0.12, and 0.12 kg/day for CS, NS, and ANS, respectively). The CS group showed higher (p < 0.05) dry matter and OM digestibility (69.42% and 69.83%) than the NS and ANS groups, which had lower (p < 0.05) fiber digestibility. Regarding milk production, the CS and ANS groups produced 1.15 and 1.16 kg/day, respectively, whereas the NS group produced 1.11 kg/day. No significant differences in leukocyte counts were observed. Furthermore, the CS group exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase inhibition (16.05%) on day 35, whereas the ANS group showed the highest (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity on multiple days (21, 35, 49, and 63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ANS can be a valuable component of dairy goat diets, particularly in regions prone to heat-induced oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2802-2810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herd-level seroprevalence, molecular prevalence, and trends of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> (Q fever) in cattle worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Adithep Konputtar, Nguyen Hoai Nam, Sarinya Rerkyusuke, Chaiyapas Thamrongyoswittayakul, Suvaluk Seesupa, Montira Yossapol, Peerapol Sukon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2811-2828","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2811-2828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cattle are the reservoir host of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, a causative agent of Q fever. Pooling herd-level prevalence data from individual studies would help determine the global prevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle herds. This study aimed to estimate the global herd-level seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle, explore sources of heterogeneity, and determine trends and cumulative evidence of the pooled prevalence over time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and then screened for possible inclusion. A random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to explore some sources of heterogeneity associated with the pooled prevalence and to determine the trends of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle herds over the study years (1961-2020). A cumulative meta-analysis was used to determine the cumulative evidence of the pooled prevalence over the publication years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1541 citations, 86 studies with 38,057 cattle herds from 42 countries on six continents were included in the meta-analysis. The global herd-level seroprevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle was estimated to be 44.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.9%-51.1%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies. The herd-level seroprevalence was significantly higher in dairy than in beef cattle herds (49.0% [95% CI: 41.9%-56.2%] vs. 14.5% [95% CI: 5.8%-32.1%], respectively). The global herd-level molecular prevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle was estimated to be 32.3% (95% CI: 25.3%-40.01%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies. Herd-level molecular prevalence was significantly different among continents. The herd-level molecular prevalence ranged from 12.8% (95% CI: 7.1%-21.9%) in Asia to 70.0% (95% CI: 36.3%-90.5%) in North America. Regarding trends, the herd-level seroprevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle did not change significantlyover the study years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The global herd-level seroprevalence and herd-level molecular prevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in cattle were high, estimated at 44% and 32%, respectively. The herd-level seroprevalence trend did not significantly change over time. This result indicates that cattle remain a major reservoir host for <i>C. burnetii</i> and pose a potential risk to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2811-2828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and selected biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs naturally infected with <i>Leishmania infantum</i>.","authors":"Daniela Proverbio, Roberta Perego, Luciana Baggiani, Eva Spada","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2967-2974","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2967-2974","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leishmania infantum&lt;/i&gt; infection in dogs has several clinical manifestations. Glomerulonephritis, caused by circulating immune complexes, may cause proteinuria and progress to kidney failure, which is the primary cause of death in dogs with canine leishmaniasis (CanL). Renal proteinuria can be monitored in dogs with CanL for the early detection of renal involvement. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a neutrophil-derived protein that is filtered by glomeruli and reabsorbed by proximal tubular cells. Urinary NGAL (uNGAL) is a sensitive marker of acute and chronic kidney disease in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate uNGAL concentrations in dogs naturally affected by CanL, to determine whether uNGAL concentration differs depending on the stage of disease based on the LeishVet and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) classification systems, to compare uNGAL concentration with selected urinary and biochemical parameters related to kidney function, and to assess the clinicopathological status of dogs affected by CanL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We assessed uNGAL concentrations in 37 privately owned dogs naturally affected by CanL, in which urinary tract infections were excluded based on negative urine culture. No dog exhibited clinical signs related to impaired renal function. uNGAL concentration evaluated in dogs affected by CanL was compared to the one previously analyzed in the control group. Furthermore, the uNGAL concentration was compared between leishmaniasis dogs with biochemical and urinary parameters inside or outside the normal range and between dogs with different clinical stages of leishmaniasis based on the LeishVet clinical staging guidelines and IRIS classification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The median uNGAL concentration in affected dogs was 50.2 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that in healthy dogs (9.74 ng/mL [p = 0.0025]). uNGAL concentration was significantly higher in proteinuric leishmaniosis dogs than in non-proteinuric leishmaniosis dogs (p = 0.0001). Dogs classified as LeishVet clinical stage III had a higher mean uNGAL concentration than those classified as stage II (p = 0.0001) and median uNGAL concentration was statistically higher in dogs classified as IRIS stage 1 than in dogs affected by CanL with no clinical and pathological signs of renal disease. The amount of proteinuria and urinary sediment hyaline cast per high-power field of the microscope and total serum protein concentrations were significantly correlated with uNGAL concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;To the best of our knowledge, only a few studies have measured uNGAL in dogs naturally affected by CanL. Although limited by the small number of cases, this study highlighted a significant increase in uNGAL levels in affected dogs compared with healthy dogs and confirmed the correlation between proteinuria and urinary excretion of uNGAL in dogs with","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2967-2974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coloration enhancement in <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> crayfish through dietary supplementation of phycocyanin extracted from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> BUUC1503.","authors":"Pisan Yodngam, Rachanimuk Hiransuchalert","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2899-2908","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2899-2908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The effects of phycocyanin (PC) on pigmentation have been extensively studied in fish; however, its specific impact on crustaceans, particularly <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>, remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PCs extracted from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> BUUC1503 on the color enhancement of <i>P. clarkii</i> crayfish when added to food pellets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The following five dietary treatments were prepared: a control (without PC) and four experimental diets with PC supplementation at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg. The stability of the pellets in water was ensured for 180 min. <i>P. clarkii</i> crayfish were fed these diets at 5% of their body weight daily for 10 weeks. Body weight and total length were measured. Color changes in <i>P. clarkii</i> were also assessed. After the experiments, we treated the samples according to Animal Welfare Technical Information No.16.8 Correct euthanasia of decapods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although PC supplementation did not significantly affect the yellowness (b* value) of <i>P. clarkii</i>, it significantly enhanced the redness (a* value) and lightness (L* value) pigmentation compared with the control. At week 10, crayfish fed a diet containing 100 mg/kg PC exhibited the highest L* value (36.51 ± 1.59) (p < 0.001). Diet with 500 mg/kg PCs had the highest a* value (26.96 ± 0.64) (p < 0.001). Crayfish fed 50, 100, or 500 mg/kg PC had the highest survival rate (100%). PCs appear to positively affect weight gain in <i>P. clarkii</i> crayfish during weeks 8, 9, and 10 (p = 0.013, 0.003, and 0.034, respectively). However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in length among the dietary treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCs effectively weight-gain and enhance red pigment deposition in the epidermal layer of <i>P. clarkii</i>. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2899-2908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in camel research in South Asia: A bibliometric approach.","authors":"Mahmoud Kandeel","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2763-2773","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2763-2773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Camels play a crucial role in South Asia's cultural, economic, and ecological landscape. This study aimed to conduct a systematic bibliometric analysis of camel research from South Asia. This study sought to provide an overview of the topic's development and current and evolving themes by examining publication patterns, citation metrics, authorship trends, and thematic evolutions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The data for this study were obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix package in R Studio to analyze publication trends, author productivity, collaboration patterns, journal impacts, keyword analyses, institutional contributions, and research outputs from individual countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bibliometric analysis of camel research in South Asia identified 1106 documents from 320 sources involving 2443 authors, with an international coauthorship rate of 16.91%. The primary clusters of research topics were camel biology and the veterinary sciences, focusing on the biological and health aspects of camels; camel milk and its products, emphasizing the role of camel milk in human nutrition and health; the genetics and molecular biology of camels; the pathogens and diseases of camels and their control; camel tissues and structures; and the effects of camel products on human health. India and Pakistan are the leading sources of such articles. Trending and evolving topics in camel research in South Asia continue to increase, forming a dynamic landscape. Key themes include growing interest in camel products' nutritional and therapeutic properties, particularly camel milk and bioactive compounds. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of camel products and their bioactive peptides have also gained research attention. The evolution from traditional studies of camel physiology and disease to molecular and genomic research underscores a shift toward a more detailed, mechanistic understanding of camel biology and health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This bibliometric study highlighted the significant growth and diversification of camel research in South Asia over the past decades. The study emphasized the need for continued support and collaboration to gain knowledge of the unique attributes of camels and their regional and global benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2763-2773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin enhances developmental competence and ameliorates heat stress in <i>in vitro</i> buffalo <i>(Bubalus bubalis</i>) embryos.","authors":"Ritika Ritika, Sudha Saini, Shavi Shavi, P N Ramesh, Naresh L Selokar, Ashutosh Ludri, Manoj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2433-2442","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2433-2442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Buffalo is the principal dairy animal and plays a major role in the economic growth of the dairy industry, contributing nearly 50% of the country's milk production. The Buffalo core body temperature is typically 38.5°C, but it can rise to 41.5°C in the summer, causing heat stress, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species or oxidative stress and affects the reproductive physiology of animals. Curcumin acts as an antioxidant, improves cellular development, and combats the effect of heat stress on <i>in vitro-</i>produced embryos. This study aimed to examine the impact of curcumin on developmental competence and the expression of important genes under normal and heat-stressed conditions during <i>in vitro</i> embryo production in buffalo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Group-1: All embryo production steps (i.e., <i>in vitro</i> maturation [IVM], <i>in vitro</i> fertilization [IVF], and <i>in vitro</i> culture [IVC]) were conducted at 38.5°C. The presumed zygotes were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of curcumin, that is, 0 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM of curcumin. Group-2: All embryo production steps (i.e., IVM, IVF, and IVC) were carried out at 38.5°C. The presumed zygotes were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of curcumin, that is, 0 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM of curcumin, but the early cleaved embryos were exposed to heat stress (39.5°C) for 2 h after 48 h of IVF and then cultured at 38.5°C for embryo production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blastocyst production was 16.63 ± 1.49%, 21.46 ± 0.67%, and 6.50 ± 1.17% at control, 5 μM and 10 μM of curcumin at 38.5°C, respectively, whereas at 39.5°C, it was 8.59 ± 1.20%, 15.21 ± 1.31%, and 3.03 ± 1.20% at control, 5 μM and 10 μM curcumin, respectively. The blastocyst rate was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 5 μM curcumin compared with the control or 10 μM at 38.5°C and 39.5°C. The antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and pluripotency-related genes exhibited higher (p < 0.05) expression in the presence of 5 μM curcumin compared to 10 μM or control at both temperatures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Curcumin supplementation in embryo culture media effectively enhances embryo production <i>in vitro</i> and mitigates the adverse effects of heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2433-2442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of <i>Quercus ilex</i> acorn extract in papillomavirus-induced lesions.","authors":"Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca, Ana I Faustino-Rocha, Maria João Pires, Maria João Neuparth, Helena Vala, Cármen Vasconcelos-Nóbrega, Irene Gouvinhas, Ana Novo Barros, Maria Inês Dias, Lillian Barros, Margarida M S M Bastos, Lio Gonçalves, Luís Félix, Carlos Venâncio, Rui Medeiros, Rui Miguel Gil da Costa, Paula A Oliveira","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2644-2658","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2644-2658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Papillomaviruses (PVs) infections have been documented in numerous animal species across different regions worldwide. They often exert significant impacts on animal health and livestock production. Scientists have studied natural products for over half a century due to their diverse chemical composition, acknowledging their value in fighting cancer. Acorns (<i>Quercus ilex</i>) are believed to have several unexplored pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> safety and cancer chemopreventive activity of an infusion extract of <i>Q. ilex</i> in a transgenic mouse model of human PV (HPV)-16, which developed squamous cell carcinomas through a multistep process driven by HPV16 oncogenes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>Q. ilex</i> extract was prepared by heating in water at 90°C and then characterized by mass spectrometry. Phenolic compounds from this extract were administered in drinking water to female mice in three different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 g/mL) over a period of 28 consecutive days. Six groups (n = 6) were formed for this study: group 1 (G1, wildtype [WT], water), group 2 (G2, HPV, water), group 3 (G3, WT, 0.09 g/mL), group 4 (G4, HPV, 0.03 g/mL), group 5 (G5, HPV, 0.06 g/mL), and group 6 (G6, HPV, 0.09 g/mL). Throughout the experiment, humane endpoints, body weight, food intake, and water consumption were recorded weekly. Following the experimental period, all mice were sacrificed, and blood, internal organs, and skin samples were collected. Blood was used to measure glucose and microhematocrit and later biochemical parameters, such as creatinine, urea, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and total proteins. Histological analysis was performed on skin and organ samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration of <i>Q. ilex</i> extract resulted in a statistically significant increase in relative organ weight among HPV transgenic animals, indicating adaptive biological response to the tested concentrations. Moreover, a reduction in characteristic skin lesions was observed in animals treated with the 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL extract.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide a favorable chemopreventive profile for <i>Q. ilex</i> extract at concentrations of 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL. This study highlights the potential of <i>Q. ilex</i> extract as a safe and effective therapeutic strategy against HPV16-associated lesions in transgenic mouse models. The limitation of our study was the durability of transgenic animals. As a more sensitive species, we must always be careful with the durability of the test. We intend to study concentrations of 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL for longer to further investigate their possible effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2644-2658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian influenza in birds: Insights from a comprehensive review.","authors":"Siti Rani Ayuti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mirni Lamid, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Otto Sahat Martua Silaen, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Intan Permatasari Hermawan, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Mira Delima, Teuku Reza Ferasyi, Suhita Aryaloka","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2544-2555","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2544-2555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the worst zoonotic illnesses, avian influenza (AI), or commonly referred to as bird flu, is caused by viruses belonging to the genus Influenza viruses, which are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The harmful effects of AI illness can affect both human and animal health and cause financial losses. Globally, the AI virus lacks political purpose and is not limited by geographical limits. It has been isolated from poultry, wild birds, and captive birds in Asia, North America, Europe, Australia, and South America. Their virulence is divided into highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) and low pathogenic AI (LPAI). The AI virus can also be diagnosed in a laboratory setting using molecular tests like real-time polymerase chain reaction or serological tests like the hemagglutinin inhibition test, agar gel immunodiffusion, antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other immunoassays. The type of AI virus and host species determines the clinical manifestations, severity, and fatality rates of AI. Human infection with AI viruses typically results from direct transmission from infected birds to humans. AI outbreaks in domestic and wild birds are uncommon; however, an infection can pose a significant threat to public, veterinary, and medical health. Successful vaccination reduces the probability of AI H5N1 virus infection in meat and other poultry products and prevents systemic infection in chickens. This review will provide information that can be used as a reference for recognizing the dangers of AI and for preventing and controlling the disease, considering its potential to become a serious pandemic outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2544-2555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide model of neuroinflammation-associated neurodegeneration in Wistar rats: A comparison between different durations of lipopolysaccharide induction.","authors":"Vandana Blossom, Sheetal Dinkar Ullal, Rajalakshmi Rai, Shrijeet Chakraborthi, Nayanatara Arun Kumar, Mangala M Pai, Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2567-2576","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2567-2576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation can be the most dependable animal model for studying neurodegeneration mechanisms driven by systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation. Hence, this study aimed to standardize the LPS model of neuroinflammation by comparing the effect of relatively low-dose LPS administered for different durations on the induction of neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six groups of six adult Wistar rats per group were used in the study. Group 1 was the control group, and the other five were administered single weekly dose of LPS (170 μg/kg) for increasing durations, ranging from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. The study endpoints included behavioral parameters, neuronal assay results, and the expression of microglia and astrocytes in the frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a significant reduction in the number of neurons and an increase in glial cells at 5 weeks of exposure, along with a decline in memory. Thereafter, these changes were gradual until 7 weeks of exposure. However, at 8 weeks of exposure, there was no further statistically significant worsening compared with the group exposed for 7 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To effectively induce neuroinflammation and cause neuronal damage, a minimum of five weekly LPS administrations at a dose of 170 μg/kg is required. Moreover, our results recommend a maximum of 7 weeks of LPS exposure to create a chronic inflammatory model of neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2567-2576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fowl adenovirus 8a isolated from chickens with runting and stunting syndrome induces inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chicken embryos.","authors":"Luis Nuñez, Silvana Santander-Parra, Marcia Catroxo, Claudete Serrano Astolfi-Ferreira, Anthony Loor-Giler, Antonio Piantino Ferreira","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2556-2566","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2556-2566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is the etiological agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in poultry. It is also detected in chickens with runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). FAdV has been detected worldwide, and genotypes 8a, 8b, and 11 have been identified in chickens with enteric problems in Brazil. Nevertheless, none of them have been isolated; therefore, these viruses propagate; thus, the viral behavior and pathogenicity are unknown in Brazil. This study aimed to isolate FAdV from the enteric content of chickens affected by RSS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Enteric content samples from chickens affected with RSS and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for FAdV were inoculated into specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs (CEEs) through the yolk and chorioallantoic membrane routes on 8 and 10 days of age, respectively and the eggs were incubated for five days for viral isolation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The embryos exhibited dwarfism, beak atrophy, and pale claws. In addition, some embryos displayed edema and gelatin-like characteristics. The liver exhibited hepatomegaly and multiple necrotic foci, resembling the appearance of nutmeg. In addition, the kidneys appeared enlarged and pale. After 8 days of incubation, the hearts of the inoculated embryos showed hydropericardium. Microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of hepatitis, which was characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies and cellular necrosis. Viral FAdV particles were observed in kidney cells using electron microscopy. Viral DNA was detected in the embryos in all three passages, and viral gene copies were also measured in some organs, with high FAdV gene copies detected in the spleen and bursa beyond the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The molecular characterization of FAdV revealed that the isolated strain belonged to genotype 8a of FAdV. Here, FAdV-8a from chickens infected with RSSs produced IBH/HHS in CEE, and FAdV-8a detected in RSS outbreaks, in addition to producing IBH/HHS in chicken embryos, could be a possible viral agent that causes IBH/HHS in chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 11","pages":"2556-2566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}