Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Health assessment of Galapagos pinniped pups during the 2024 El Niño event: hematological, biochemical, and morphometric findings.","authors":"Eduardo A Díaz, Andrés Moreira-Mendieta, Carolina Sáenz, Andrea Loyola, Jenifer Suárez-Moncada, Daniel García-Párraga, Pablo Jesús Marín-García, Marjorie Riofrío-Lazo, Diego Páez-Rosas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2864-2875","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2864-2875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Galapagos sea lion (<i>Zalophus</i> <i>wollebaeki</i>) and Galapagos fur seal (GFS; <i>Arctocephalus</i> <i>galapagoensis</i>) are endemic pinnipeds highly vulnerable to environmental fluctuations associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study characterized the morphometric, hematological, and biochemical profiles of Galapagos sea lion pups during the 2024 El Niño event and compared them with those of sympatric GFS pups to evaluate species-specific physiological responses to reduced marine productivity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between March and April 2024, 40 apparently healthy Galapagos sea lion pups from 13 rookeries throughout the Galapagos archipelago were examined. Body weight, standard length, axillary girth, and body condition index were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemical variables, hematocrit, and leukocyte differential counts. Environmental conditions were characterized using Oceanic Niño Index values and satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations. Sex-related and interspecific comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant sex-related differences were detected in morphometric measurements of Galapagos sea lion pups. Compared with GFS pups, Galapagos sea lion pups exhibited significantly higher body condition indices in both sexes. Female sea lion pups had higher globulin and total protein concentrations and lower albumin and blood urea nitrogen values than female fur seal pups, whereas male sea lion pups showed higher globulin and total protein concentrations but lower glucose concentrations. Most hematological variables overlapped between species, although male sea lion pups exhibited higher hematocrit and lower monocyte and eosinophil counts. During the study period, Oceanic Niño Index values indicated weak-to-moderate El Niño conditions, and chlorophyll-a concentrations were significantly lower than those recorded in 2023, indicating reduced marine productivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Galapagos sea lion pups maintained favorable body condition and largely normal clinical profiles despite reduced productivity associated with the 2024 El Niño event. Distinct interspecific differences in body condition and serum proteins suggest species-specific physiological responses to environmental variability. These findings provide valuable baseline health data for long-term monitoring, early detection of nutritional stress, and conservation management of Galapagos pinnipeds under increasingly variable oceanographic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2864-2875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inhibitory effects of <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> extract in canine mammary cancer cell lines.","authors":"Usuma Jermnak, Aksorn Saengtienchai, Tassanee Jaroensong, Sunee Kunakornsawat, Sirikul Soontararak, Wachiraphan Supsavhad, Kannika Siripattarapravat, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet, Yared Beyene Yohannes","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2318-2338","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2318-2338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine mammary cancer (CMC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in female dogs, with high metastatic potential and limited therapeutic options. Natural bioactive compounds derived from medicinal mushrooms have gained increasing attention because of their anticancer properties and low toxicity. <i>Hericium erinaceus</i> (HE) is a medicinal mushroom known for its antioxidant and antitumor activities; however, its anticancer effects in CMC remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the <i>in vitro</i> antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inhibitory effects of HE methanolic extract in two CMC cell lines, CHMp-13a and CHMp-5b.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anticancer activity of HE methanolic extract was evaluated using CHMp-13a and CHMp-5b CMC cell lines, while Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were used as normal controls. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide flow cytometry. Relative mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis- and EMT-related markers were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The phytochemical profile of the extract was characterized using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HE extract significantly inhibited proliferation of both CMC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with greater selectivity toward CHMp-13a cells and minimal cytotoxicity in normal cells. Morphological analysis revealed apoptotic features, including cell shrinkage, detachment, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. The extract significantly suppressed migration and invasion capacities of both CMC cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated increased apoptotic cell populations following treatment. Molecular analyses showed upregulation of the pro-apoptotic marker BAX and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic marker BCL-2. Furthermore, HE extract suppressed EMT progression by increasing E-cadherin expression while reducing N-cadherin expression. Phytochemical screening identified 17 bioactive compounds, including erinacines, hericenones, hericene derivatives, and phenolic compounds, which may contribute to the observed anticancer activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HE extract demonstrated potent <i>in vitro</i> anticancer activity against CMC cells through synergistic induction of apoptosis and suppression of EMT-associated metastatic behavior. These findings suggest that HE extract may serve as a promising natural adjuvant candidate for the management of CMC and warrants further <i>in vivo</i> and mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2318-2338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose phytosterols supplementation improves lactation performance, modulates rumen microbiota, and reduces methane emission intensity in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows.","authors":"Dong Li, Yinyin Kyawt, Qi Wang, Jian Gao, Rong Wang, Min Wang, Chen Duan, Donghai Lv, Weiyun Zhu, Metha Wanapat, Yanfen Cheng","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2339-2357","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2339-2357","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Enteric methane emission from dairy cows contributes substantially to greenhouse gas production and represents an inefficient loss of dietary energy. Phytosterols are plant-derived bioactive compounds with lipid-modulating and rumen fermentation-regulating properties; however, their effects on methane emission intensity and rumen microbial ecology in lactating dairy cows remain insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the effects of dietary phytosterols supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation characteristics, methane emission intensity, and rumen microbial composition in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows with similar days in milk and milk yield were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) group or a phytosterols (PHY) group receiving 15 g/d of a commercial phytosterols product containing 5% active phytosterols. The experimental period lasted 50 days, including 7 days of adaptation and 43 days of data collection. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, rumen fermentation parameters, methane emission intensity, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were analyzed. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were measured using an automated head-chamber system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Dietary phytosterols supplementation significantly improved milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, energy-corrected milk, and 3.5% fat-corrected milk compared with the CON group (p &lt; 0.05). Apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract was also significantly enhanced. Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased, whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased in the PHY group. Phytosterols supplementation significantly reduced methane emission intensity per kilogram of energy-corrected milk. Ruminal acetate proportion and acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased, whereas microbial crude protein and branched-chain volatile fatty acids increased. In addition, phytosterols altered rumen microbial composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, including &lt;i&gt;Succinivibrionaceae&lt;/i&gt; UCG-001 and &lt;i&gt;Prevotella&lt;/i&gt;, while reducing methanogenic archaea, particularly &lt;i&gt;Methanobacteriota&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Methanimicrococcus&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;High-dose phytosterols supplementation improved lactation performance, enhanced nutrient utilization, modulated rumen microbial communities, and reduced methane emission intensity in mid-lactation dairy cows. These findings indicate that phytosterols may serve as a promising natural feed additive for improving dairy production efficiency while suppo","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2339-2357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate hematological and biochemical profiling reveals conserved physiological modules in Brahman- and Charolais-crossbred beef cattle under tropical smallholder systems.","authors":"Somchart Tana, Jirasak Thongseela, Pralongyut Sripalwit, Promporn Raksaseri, Kanta Sangwijit, Paiboon Panase, Payungsuk Intawicha, Sureeporn Saengwong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2418-2433","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2418-2433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hematological and biochemical profiling is widely used to evaluate the physiological and health status of cattle; however, most studies interpret blood parameters individually and may overlook coordinated physiological regulation. Multivariate analytical approaches can reveal biologically integrated relationships among blood traits and provide a broader understanding of systemic physiology. Therefore, this study aimed to identify coordinated physiological modules, describe multivariate relationships among hematological and biochemical traits, and quantify breed-related physiological variation in Brahman- and Charolais-crossbred beef cattle reared under tropical smallholder production systems in northern Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using 97 clinically healthy breeding beef cows comprising 74 Brahman-crossbred and 23 Charolais-crossbred cattle aged 3-6 years. Blood samples were collected from smallholder farms in Phayao, Chiang Rai, and Lampang provinces, Thailand. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using automated veterinary analyzers. Univariate analyzes were performed to compare breed-specific differences, while multivariate analyzes, including hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), correlation heatmaps, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), were applied to determine physiological relationships and breed contributions to overall blood profile variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hierarchical clustering identified six physiologically coherent modules consisting of erythrocyte, platelet, leukocyte, protein metabolism, hepatic enzyme, and renal function traits, demonstrating coordinated systemic regulation rather than isolated parameter variation. PCA showed that the first two principal components explained 31.1% of the total variance and represented erythrocyte-renal and immune-hepatic physiological axes. Substantial overlap in multivariate physiological space was observed between Brahman- and Charolais-crossbred cattle. PERMANOVA indicated a statistically significant but small breed effect (R² = 0.021, p = 0.028), suggesting that environmental and management factors exerted greater influence on physiological organization than breed background. Breed-related differences were primarily associated with monocyte indices, erythrocyte distribution indices, albumin, and hepatic enzyme activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that hematological and biochemical traits in tropical crossbred beef cattle are organized into conserved physiological modules reflecting integrated systemic regulation. The findings support the application of modular blood profiling as a practical and biologically meaningful approach for herd health monitoring and resilience assessment in tropical smallholder production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2418-2433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and preliminary characterization of mercury-reactive immunoglobulin Y antibodies in laying hens using HgCl₂-protein hapten conjugates.","authors":"Wayan Wariata, Made Sriasih, Anwar Rosyidi, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2597-2605","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2597-2605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Mercury (Hg) is a persistent environmental toxin that poses significant risks to animal and human health through contaminated feed, water, and ecosystems. Conventional instrumental methods for Hg detection are laboratory-intensive, while immunochemical approaches require highly specific antibodies. Hg ions are poorly immunogenic and therefore require hapten-carrier conjugation. This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of generating functional Hg-reactive immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies in laying hens using Hg chloride (HgCl₂)-protein conjugates, offering an avian alternative to mammalian antibody production for veterinary toxicology and environmental monitoring applications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HgCl₂ was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) using 3-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) as crosslinker and emulsified with Freund's adjuvants. Two Hy-Line Brown laying hens received subcutaneous immunizations (primary dose: 100 μg antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant [CFA]; booster doses: 50 μg antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on days 14 and 28). Due to irregular egg production, serum was used as the antibody source. Antibody reactivity was assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using HgCl₂-bovine serum albumin (BSA) as coating antigen. IgY was purified by caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate precipitation and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The study was conducted under strict ethical approval (No. 2403/FapetUN/ETIK/2024) and biosafety protocols, with a minimal cohort size justified by constraints on Hg handling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the single hen that completed the full immunization protocol, post-immunization serum (day 42) showed strong reactivity at 10 μg/mL HgCl₂-BSA coating. Optical density at 450 nm (OD₄₅₀) ranged from 0.42 to 0.67 compared with pre-immune baseline values below 0.22, producing a fold increase over pre-immune serum of 1.93-11.41× (9 of 15 conditions >5×; 6 of 15 conditions >8×). Intra-assay coefficient of variation remained below 10% (mean 4.27%). Purified IgY displayed intact heavy chain (~65 kDa) and light chain (~25 kDa) bands on reducing SDS-PAGE, confirming successful enrichment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary observation demonstrates successful induction of Hg-reactive IgY antibodies in a laying hen using a hapten-carrier immunization strategy. The robust ELISA discrimination supports further development of IgY-based tools for Hg screening. Future studies must include ≥3 biological replicates, hapten-density quantification, specificity controls, and competitive assay formats for proper validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2597-2605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented cassava peel with <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> as a functional feed: Effects on growth performance, gut health, microbiota, and meat quality in broiler chickens.","authors":"Nuraini Nuraini, Jamila Mustabi, Denny Rusmana, Mirzah Mirzah, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, M Habilburahman Habilburahman, Fauziah Zahratul Alfath, Muthia Rahmi Alfianti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2434-2449","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2434-2449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The utilization of agro-industrial by-products as alternative feed ingredients has gained increasing attention in poultry production. Cassava peel is abundant but limited by high fiber and anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation using <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> can improve its nutritional quality and generate bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented cassava peel (FCP) on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, intestinal morphology, microbial population, blood biochemical parameters, and fatty acid profile in broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: FCP0, FCP5, FCP10, FCP15, and FCP20, representing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% inclusion levels of FCP in the diet. The experiment was conducted over 35 days, including starter and finisher phases. Parameters measured included average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), live body weight (LBW), carcass characteristics, immune organ weights, intestinal villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), VH/CD ratio, gut microbiota, blood lipid profile, and thigh meat fatty acid composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary inclusion of FCP significantly improved ADWG and LBW, particularly at the 20% level, without affecting ADFI and FCR. Carcass weight and percentage increased significantly (p < 0.05), while abdominal fat and physiological organs remained unaffected. Thymus weight and percentage were significantly increased, indicating enhanced immune response. Intestinal morphology showed increased VH and VH/CD ratio and decreased CD, reflecting improved absorptive capacity. Microbial analysis revealed reduced <i>Escherichia coli</i> and increased lactic acid bacteria populations. Blood analysis indicated reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, with increased high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05). Although meat cholesterol was unchanged, FCP improved fatty acid composition by increasing omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FCP is an effective functional feed ingredient that enhances growth performance, gut health, immune status, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Inclusion up to 20% can be recommended as a sustainable and economically viable strategy to improve poultry productivity and meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2434-2449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a recombinant Omp19+31-based indirect hemagglutination assay for serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis.","authors":"Aitbay Bulashev, Alfiya Syzdykova, Anara Kukayeva, Aibek Zhumalin, Guldarigash Kaukabaeva, Mikail Mikailov, Maxat Berdikulov, Bakytkali Ingirbay","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2512-2530","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2512-2530","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Brucellosis remains a major zoonotic disease affecting livestock production and public health worldwide, particularly in endemic regions such as Kazakhstan. Conventional serological assays used for animal brucellosis diagnosis are often limited by cross-reactivity associated with lipopolysaccharide-based antigens, leading to false-positive results and unnecessary culling of animals. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) is a simple and economical serological method; however, its diagnostic specificity requires improvement. This study aimed to develop and validate a recombinant protein-based IHA using sheep erythrocytes sensitized with recombinant Brucella outer membrane and periplasmic proteins for the serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Recombinant &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; proteins, including outer membrane protein (Omp)19, Omp25, Omp31, their chimeric combinations (Omp19+25, Omp19+31, and Omp25+31), and the periplasmic proteins Bp26 and Cu/ZnSOD, were produced in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; BL21(DE3). Sheep erythrocytes were sensitized with recombinant proteins to prepare erythrocyte diagnostic reagents for IHA. A total of 1,440 serum samples from cattle and sheep, including samples from brucellosis-affected and brucellosis-free herds, were evaluated using IHA, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Rose Bengal plate test. In addition, biological samples from 32 seropositive cattle subjected to sanitary slaughter were examined by culture isolation and polymerase chain reaction. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among all tested antigens, the Omp19+31 chimeric protein demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance in IHA. The Omp19+31-based IHA achieved a sensitivity of 92.6% (95% CI: 85.5-96.4), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 99.2-100.0), and overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.8% (95% CI: 97.5-99.5). In the subset of 32 seropositive cattle, the assay detected &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt;-specific antibodies in all sera, including in culture-positive cases that were missed by commercial ELISA. The assay predominantly produced strong agglutination reactions and showed superior specificity compared with single-antigen formats. Cross-reactivity analysis confirmed that Omp19 and Omp31 exhibited high specificity toward &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; spp. with minimal reactivity against related Gram-negative bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The recombinant Omp19+31-based IHA demonstrated excellent specificity, high diagnostic accuracy, and operational simplicity for the serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis. The assay represents a promising complementary diagnostic tool for endemic and resource-limited settings where conventional lipopolysaccharide-based assays are limited by cross-reactivity. Further multi-center validation and assessment of d","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2512-2530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective ultrasonographic phenotyping and infectious polymerase chain reaction screening of canine hepatobiliary disease in southern Vietnam.","authors":"Tran Thi Thao, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien, Tran Ngoc Bich","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2479-2495","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2479-2495","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Canine hepatobiliary disorders are frequently encountered in small animal practice; however, prospective clinic-based studies integrating ultrasonographic phenotyping with infectious molecular screening remain limited in tropical Southeast Asia. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ultrasonographically detected hepatobiliary abnormalities, identify associated host factors, characterize ultrasonographic phenotypes, and assess infectious etiologies in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disease in southern Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective observational study was conducted at the Veterinary Teaching Clinic, Can Tho University, Vietnam, between January and November 2025. Among 1,278 canine presentations, 111 dogs meeting predefined clinical and clinicopathologic criteria underwent abdominal ultrasonography, and 63 dogs with confirmed hepatobiliary abnormalities were enrolled. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were performed in all enrolled dogs. Cases classified with a hepatitis ultrasonographic phenotype underwent conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)- anticoagulated blood samples targeting vector-borne pathogens, &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; spp., and canine adenovirus type 1. Ultrasonographic phenotypes were categorized as hepatitis, hepatic lipidosis, or cirrhosis. Univariable logistic regression was used to evaluate host-associated risk factors, and hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to assess co-occurring clinical and imaging abnormalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatobiliary abnormalities were identified in 63/1,278 dogs (4.93%) and in 63/111 clinically suspected dogs (56.76%). Ultrasonographic positivity was significantly associated with exotic breed (odds ratio [OR] = 2.29), age &gt;8 years (OR = 13.93), obesity (OR = 4.78), and underweight body condition (OR = 3.38). Hepatitis was the predominant ultrasonographic phenotype (57.14%), followed by hepatic lipidosis (30.16%) and cirrhosis (12.70%). Dogs with hepatitis commonly exhibited anorexia, vomiting, diffuse hepatic hypoechogenicity, hepatomegaly, and gallbladder abnormalities. PCR screening detected infectious agents in 55.56% of hepatitis cases, including vector-borne pathogens (41.67%), &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; spp. (8.33%), and canine adenovirus type 1 (5.56%). Dogs with hepatic lipidosis showed diffuse hepatic hyperechogenicity and hepatomegaly, whereas cirrhosis cases demonstrated heterogeneous hepatic echotexture, ascites, and vascular abnormalities consistent with portal hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Ultrasonography effectively identified distinct hepatobiliary imaging phenotypes in dogs and provided a practical diagnostic framework for referral-based clinical settings in resource-limited regions. Integration of ultrasonography with clinicopathologic evaluation and targeted PCR screening enhanced preliminary etiol","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2479-2495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High dietary cation-anion difference as a biological coolant: Mechanisms of enhanced evaporative heat dissipation and comfort in tropical dairy ruminants under natural high ambient temperature.","authors":"Sumpun Thammacharoen, Sapon Semsirmboon, Nungnuch Saipin, Thomas A Lutz, Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Thiet Nguyen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2304-2317","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2304-2317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High ambient temperature (HTa) is a major environmental challenge affecting the welfare, physiological stability, and productivity of dairy ruminants raised in tropical and subtropical regions. Heat stress caused by HTa compromises feed intake, acid-base balance, water metabolism, thermoregulation, and milk production. This review summarizes the physiological, behavioral, and endocrinological responses of dairy goats and cows exposed to HTa conditions and highlights the potential role of high dietary cation-anion difference (hDCAD) supplementation as a nutritional strategy to mitigate heat stress. Under HTa conditions, dairy ruminants increase respiratory rate and panting to enhance evaporative heat dissipation, which may induce respiratory hypocapnia and alter electrolyte balance. The reviewed evidence demonstrates that hDCAD supplementation improves heat dissipation efficiency by increasing nocturnal water intake, expanding body water compartments, and supporting hydration status, thereby reducing rectal temperature increments during daytime heat exposure. In addition, hDCAD positively influences ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, eating behavior, and dry matter intake. Long-term supplementation also promotes renal compensatory responses that help restore acid-base equilibrium. The concept of hDCAD as a \"biological coolant\" is proposed based on its ability to support physiological cooling mechanisms rather than solely improving feed intake or buffering capacity. This nutritional approach may improve animal comfort and productivity under tropical HTa conditions and could complement existing environmental heat mitigation strategies in dairy production systems. Further investigations in dairy goats and cows under practical farming conditions are required to strengthen the application of hDCAD as a sustainable heat stress management strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2304-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with cardiac remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and survival outcomes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"Suchada Huttayananont, Chattida Panprom, Sitha Sarikan, Ratiporn Tantisak, Kornnicha Saringkarisate, Soontaree Petchdee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2279-2292","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2279-2292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac disorder in dogs and is frequently associated with progressive cardiac remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation contributes to disease progression; however, the clinical relevance of inflammatory biomarkers in relation to cardiac structural changes and outcomes remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), cardiac remodeling indices, PH, and survival outcomes in dogs with MMVD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of 94 client-owned dogs diagnosed with MMVD between 2023 and 2025. Dogs were classified according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stages (B1-D). Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) volume, LA/Ao ratio, and left ventricular internal diameter, were assessed alongside PH status determined by tricuspid regurgitation velocity. Hematologic parameters and serum CRP concentrations were analyzed. Correlation, regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival analyses were performed to determine associations and prognostic value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LA enlargement was observed in 84.0% of dogs and increased with disease severity. CRP and NLR showed weak but statistically significant positive correlations with indexed LA volume (CRP: r = 0.31, p < 0.01; NLR: r = 0.29, p < 0.05). Neither biomarker demonstrated a significant association with PH. Indexed LA volume, rather than inflammatory biomarkers, was more strongly associated with echocardiographic indicators of PH risk. CRP exhibited moderate diagnostic performance for PH (area under the curve = 0.7517, p < 0.001), whereas NLR showed poor discrimination. Survival analysis revealed that dogs with elevated CRP levels and concurrent PH had significantly reduced survival probabilities. Although NLR increased with disease progression, its prognostic utility remained limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammatory biomarkers, particularly CRP, are modestly associated with cardiac remodeling and survival in dogs with MMVD but are not reliable predictors of PH. Echocardiographic indices, especially LA remodeling, remain superior indicators of disease severity and PH risk. While CRP may provide adjunctive prognostic value, its clinical application should be interpreted cautiously alongside established imaging parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 6","pages":"2279-2292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}