Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of coconut meal inclusion on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in Awassi Lambs.","authors":"Ja'far Al-Khaza'leh, Belal Obeidat","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1411-1420","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1411-1420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Feed cost constitutes a major constraint in small ruminant production systems in Jordan. The search for alternative, cost-effective feed ingredients has prompted interest in coconut meal (COC), a by-product of coconut oil extraction. This study evaluated the effects of including 10% COC (COC10) in the diet on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing Awassi lambs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four male Awassi lambs (17.2 ± 0.63 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: A control diet without COC (CON) and a test diet with 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) COC (COC10). The feeding trial lasted 70 days, comprising a 7-day adaptation and a 63-day experimental period. Feed intake and growth performance were monitored throughout. On day 49, five lambs per group were used to assess nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance using total fecal and urine collection in metabolic cages. On day 64, lambs were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality. Blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inclusion of COC10 significantly increased acid detergent fiber and ether extract intake (p ≤ 0.05), with no adverse effects on DM intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, or nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Economic analysis revealed a 16% reduction in production cost per kg of weight gain in the COC10 group (p = 0.05). No significant effects were observed on carcass traits, meat quality parameters, or blood biochemical profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating COC10 into the diet of Awassi lambs had no detrimental impact on growth, carcass characteristics, or health status, while improving economic efficiency. COC is a viable alternative protein and energy source in lamb diets. Further research is warranted to determine optimal inclusion rates under varying production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1411-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive impacts and disease burden of metritis and placental retention in dairy cows: A longitudinal monitoring study in Southern Vietnam (2022-2024).","authors":"Thuong Thi Nguyen, Lien Thi Bich Nguyen, Khang Nguyen Duong, Thuan Khanh Nguyen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1433-1439","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1433-1439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Postpartum reproductive disorders, particularly metritis and placental retention, significantly compromise dairy herd productivity and calf viability. In Vietnam, where dairy production is expanding, limited data exist on the prevalence and consequences of such disorders under modern farm conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metritis and placental retention in dairy cows on an industrial farm in southern Vietnam from 2022 to mid-2024 and to evaluate their reproductive and neonatal health consequences.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was conducted on a dairy herd monitored through skin conductance responses activity sensors and DataFlow™ II software (Allflex Livestock Intelligence, MSD Animal Health Intelligence, USA). Health alerts triggered clinical examinations to identify genital infections. Metritic cows were treated using antibiotics and hormonal therapies and were monitored for recovery and subsequent breeding success. Neonatal calves were examined for respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders for 21 days post-birth. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests at a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genital infections affected 23.5%-38.8% of cows annually, with metritis prevalence ranging from 7.2% to 9.8%. Placental retention remained consistent at approximately 13% across years. Quarter 2 consistently exhibited the highest incidence of reproductive disorders. Treatment success for metritis was high (85.8%-88.6%); however, post-treatment pregnancy rates declined over time (68.5% in 2022 and 54.8% in 2024). Neonatal respiratory infections (2.9%-4.4%) were more frequent than gastrointestinal infections (0.1%-0.8%), with calf mortality declining from 3.4% in 2022 to 0.7% in 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metritis and placental retention remain prevalent challenges in Vietnamese dairy herds, adversely impacting reproductive efficiency and calf health despite high treatment efficacy. The seasonal spike in disease incidence underscores the need for tailored herd health management during hotter months. Although early detection through precision monitoring improved recovery outcomes, residual effects on fertility persisted. Strengthened periparturient care, postpartum surveillance, and colostrum management are recommended to enhance both maternal and neonatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1433-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive integration of leptin and kisspeptin in small ruminants: Mechanisms, biomarker potential, and prospects for precision breeding.","authors":"Herdis Herdis, Ismeth Inounu, Santoso Santoso, Rahma Isartina Anwar, Sari Yanti Hayanti, Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya, Desiana Ade Mahari, Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari, Anita Hafid, Marchie Asrid da Costa, Nur Adianto, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1614-1633","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1614-1633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kisspeptin and leptin (LEP) are two essential proteins that play a central role in regulating reproductive hormones in small ruminants through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These proteins influence the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which, in turn, controls key hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Acting in synergy, kisspeptin and LEP also interact with other metabolic and reproductive signals, including insulin, estrogen, and neuropeptides, to coordinate reproductive function. Despite their importance, the detailed mechanisms by which these proteins operate, especially in relation to body condition score are not yet fully understood. This review explores their biological roles, interactions, and potential as markers for selecting high-performing livestock. External factors such as diet, stress, and seasonal changes can further influence their expression and activity. Understanding these pathways can support improved fertility management and the development of genetic or therapeutic strategies to enhance reproductive efficiency in goats and sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1614-1633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African swine fever virus: Virology, pathogenesis, clinical impact, and global control strategies.","authors":"Tridiganita Intan Solikhah, Firda Rostiani, Assyuria Fahma Putri Nanra, Adilah Dwi Putri Paras Dewi, Putri Haibah Nurbadri, Qurrotul Aini Dwi Agustin, Gahastanira Permata Solikhah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1599-1613","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1599-1613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars, with profound implications for global swine production and food security. Caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), a complex double-stranded DNA virus of the <i>Asfarviridae</i> family, the disease exhibits diverse clinical outcomes - from peracute death to chronic infection - depending on viral genotype and host immunity. ASFV primarily targets monocytes and macrophages, leading to severe lymphoid depletion, systemic inflammation, and vascular pathology mediated by cytokine storms. The virus demonstrates remarkable environmental resilience and is transmitted through direct contact, fomites, and biological vectors such as <i>Ornithodoros</i> soft ticks. With 23 genotypes identified to date, ASFV poses ongoing challenges to diagnosis, control, and vaccine development. Diagnostic methods, including polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus isolation, are essential for timely detection and containment. Despite advances in live-attenuated vaccine research, safe and broadly protective vaccines remain elusive. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ASFV's molecular biology, transmission dynamics, immunopathogenesis, clinical presentations, and control strategies and underscores the urgent need for integrated surveillance systems, cross-sectoral collaboration, and innovative tools for outbreak prediction and disease mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1599-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and risk factors of equine infectious anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lintang Winantya Firdausy, Faisal Fikri, Arya Pradana Wicaksono, Hakan Çalışkan, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1440-1451","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1440-1451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a lentiviral disease affecting members of the Equidae family, with global distribution and significant implications for animal health and biosecurity. Despite numerous individual reports, a comprehensive synthesis of its global prevalence and risk factors remains lacking. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of EIA, identify diagnostic trends, and evaluate factors associated with heterogeneity across studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in six major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest), yielding 312 records. After Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-guided screening, 29 eligible studies published between 1975 and 2024 were included in the study. Meta-analysis was performed using R Studio (version 4.4.2) employing a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore heterogeneity across host species, continent, diagnostic method, and study period. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global pooled prevalence of EIA was estimated at 20.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.08-30.85), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.3%). South America reported the highest regional prevalence (27.21%), while horses showed the greatest susceptibility among Equidae (25.40%). Diagnostic methods varied, with agar gel immunodiffusion being the most commonly used (18.62% prevalence detection). A declining trend in prevalence (2.19%-28.70%) was noted from 2015 to 2022. No significant publication bias was detected. Meta-regression revealed that climate and study period partially explained the heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the substantial global burden and diagnostic variability of EIA, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance in endemic areas, standardized diagnostic protocols, and strengthened quarantine practices. Expanding serological monitoring in underrepresented regions and integrating climatic and ecological data into control strategies are vital for mitigating EIA transmission risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1440-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and zoonotic implications of gastrointestinal parasites in urban cats in Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional multicity study.","authors":"Lyudmila A Lider, Vladimir Kiyan, Dinara M Seitkamzina, Altay Ussenbayev, Botakoz E Akmambaeva, Rabiga S Uakhit, Nellya E Mannapova, Igor Sytnik, Christian Bauer","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1748-1758","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1748-1758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cats act as reservoirs for various gastrointestinal parasites, including species of significant zoonotic concern such as <i>Toxocara cati, Toxoplasma gondii</i>, and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>. However, data on the prevalence and risk factors associated with feline endoparasites in Kazakhstan remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species diversity, and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in urban cat populations across five major cities in Kazakhstan, thereby supporting the One Health framework for the prevention of zoonotic diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2023 to January 2025, involving 1,301 fecal samples collected from both client-owned and stray cats in Almaty, Astana, Oral, Qostanai, and Shymkent. Standardized Sheather's sugar flotation was used to detect helminth eggs and coccidia oocysts in all samples, while <i>Giardia</i> coproantigen was assessed in 1,256 samples using a commercial immunochromatographic assay (FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA strip test kit, MEGACOR, Austria). Prevalence differences across categories - ownership status, sex, age class, and city - were evaluated using the Chi-squared test, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated to identify significant risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 17.7% (230/1,301) of cats were infected with at least one intestinal parasite species. The most prevalent species were <i>Cystoisospora felis</i> (7.2%), <i>T. cati</i> (6.2%), <i>Cystoisospora rivolta</i> (2.0%), and <i>Giardia</i> (6.4%). <i>T. gondii</i>-like oocysts (<i>T. gondii</i> or <i>Hammondia hammondi</i>) were detected in 0.6% of samples. Significant variation in parasite prevalence was observed among cities. Stray cats were significantly more likely to harbor <i>C. felis</i> and <i>C. rivolta</i>. Female cats had higher odds of testing positive for <i>Giardia</i> (OR = 1.8). Infections with <i>T. cati</i>, <i>C. felis</i>, and <i>Giardia</i> showed a significant association with age, with kittens (<6 months) being approximately twice as likely to test positive for these parasites compared to adult cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in urban cats in Kazakhstan. The detection of zoonotic parasites and identification of significant demographic risk factors underscore the need for enhanced public health strategies, including educational outreach, targeted deworming protocols, and environmental hygiene measures. Future molecular investigations are necessary to differentiate <i>T. gondii</i> from <i>Hammondia hammondi</i> and to genotype <i>Giardia</i> assemblages. Soil surveillance in public spaces is also recommended to assess environmental contamination and potential exposure risk to humans, particularly children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1748-1758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> investigations of Propolis-derived phytochemicals as potential inhibitors of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>.","authors":"Dhrubo Ahmed Khan, Md Nazmul Hasan, Rachasak Boonhok, Suthinee Sungkanu, Yutatirat Singhaboot, Afsana Amin Shorna, Anamul Hasan, Kesinee Chotivanich, Polrat Wilairatana, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Imran Sama-Ae, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Alok K Paul, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Shanmuga S Sundar, Tooba Mahboob, Christophe Wiart, Ryan V Labana, Siriphorn Chimplee, Veeranoot Nissapatorn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1644-1659","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1644-1659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Malaria continues to pose a global health challenge, exacerbated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> potential of Propolis extracts collected from various Iranian regions and to characterize the molecular interactions of their bioactive phytochemicals with <i>P. falciparum</i> lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), a key enzyme in parasite glycolysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> activity of ethanol-extracted Propolis was assessed against <i>P. falciparum</i> NF54 using the SYBR Green I fluorescence assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified major phytochemicals in the most active extract. Molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability of selected compounds (tectochrysin and galangin) against PfLDH in both holo (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 1LDG) and apo (PDB ID: 2X8L) forms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Propolis collected from Kermanshah city exhibited the highest anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> activity (IC₅₀ = 6.69 ± 1.44 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis identified tectochrysin and galangin as major constituents. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of tectochrysin (-7.8 kcal/mol) and galangin (-7.5 kcal/mol) to PfLDH, surpassing the binding energies of standard antimalarial drugs (chloroquine and quinine). MD simulations confirmed the stability of tectochrysin and galangin within the PfLDH active sites, with favorable root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, gyration, solvent-accessible surface area, molecular surface area, and polar surface area profiles, indicating persistent and stable protein-ligand interactions throughout the simulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the promising anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> potential of Propolis-derived compounds, particularly tectochrysin and galangin, as novel PfLDH inhibitors. Their potential applicability in transdisciplinary anti-parasitic therapy across human and veterinary medicine warrants further <i>in vivo</i> validation and clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1644-1659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> in traditional sour pork fermentation and its inactivation by microwave heating: Implications for zoonotic risk and food safety.","authors":"Atchara Artchayasawat, Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj, Sukhonthip Khueangchiangkhwang, Thidarut Boonmars, Parichart Boueroy, Porntip Laummaunwai, Panaratana Rattanasuwan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1660-1666","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1660-1666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cultural dietary practices involving the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, such as traditional sour fermented pork, pose significant risks for foodborne parasitic infections, particularly trichinellosis caused by <i>Trichinella spiralis</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae during sour pork fermentation and to assess the efficacy of microwave heating as a practical method for inactivating the larvae.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Laboratory-bred hamsters were experimentally infected with <i>T. spiralis</i> to obtain encysted muscle larvae. Infected muscle samples were incorporated into a traditional sour pork recipe and fermented at ambient temperature (28-30°C) for 5 days. Larval viability was assessed daily using propidium iodide staining and confocal microscopy. In a separate experiment, pork slices embedded with infected muscle were subjected to microwave heating at 400 W (1-4 min) and 800 W (0.5-4.5 min). Post-treatment viability was determined similarly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Encysted larvae remained viable throughout the 5-day fermentation period, with no uptake of propidium iodide observed in any samples. In contrast, microwave heating at 400 W for 3 min or at 800 W for 1 min or longer resulted in complete larval inactivation, as evidenced by positive staining. Non-heated controls retained viable larvae, while boiling served as an effective positive control for inactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traditional sour pork fermentation does not inactivate <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae within 5 days, underscoring a persistent zoonotic risk. However, microwave heating offers a rapid and accessible intervention for larval inactivation. These findings underscore the significance of public health education and food safety protocols in regions where the consumption of raw meat is culturally prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1660-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative use of squid (<i>Loligo</i> spp.) ink powder as a potent immunostimulant for vannamei shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) in the treatment of infectious myonecrosis.","authors":"Mohamad Fadjar, Hartmut Kühn, Ayu Winna Ramadhani, Diana Aisyah, Cucun Herlina, Rangga Idris Affandi, Jefri Anjaini","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1777-1788","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1777-1788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a significant pathogen affecting <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>, causing high mortality and substantial economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. Conventional chemotherapeutics have limited efficacy and raise environmental concerns. This study explores the immunostimulatory potential of squid (<i>Loligo</i> spp.) ink powder as a natural dietary supplement to enhance the nonspecific immune responses in <i>L. vannamei</i> and mitigate IMNV-associated pathology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design was employed, with five groups: a negative control (healthy shrimp), a positive control (IMNV-infected), and three treatment groups that received squid ink powder at 400, 500, and 600 mg/kg feed, respectively. The feed was administered before and after IMNV immersion challenge. Immune parameters assessed included total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), respiratory burst (RB), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phagocytic activity, and ribonucleotide reductase (RR) expression. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance with Duncan's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 500 mg/kg dose of squid ink powder significantly enhanced shrimp immunity post-IMNV challenge. This treatment yielded the highest THC (6 × 10⁵ cells/mL), RB (1.13 optical density [OD]), SOD (0.98 units/mL), PO (0.619 OD), and phagocytic activity. A marked reduction in RR enzyme expression was observed, indicating effective viral suppression. DHC analysis revealed elevated granulocyte and semi-granulocyte counts, suggesting heightened immunological activity. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable aquaculture limits, and proximate analysis confirmed an improvement in protein content in the feed following supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Squid ink powder at 500 mg/kg feed significantly enhances the non-specific immune system in <i>L. vannamei</i> and reduces IMNV-induced pathology. This natural additive offers a promising, sustainable alternative to synthetic immunostimulants in shrimp aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1777-1788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of <i>Centratherum anthelminticum</i> in subclinical mastitis: A biochemical and hematological assessment in lactating cattle.","authors":"Muhammad Adil, Farrah Deeba, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Usman, Saba Saeed, Eliana Ibáñez-Arancibia, Patricio De Los Ríos-Escalante, Muhammad Safdar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1741-1747","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1741-1747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cattle significantly compromises milk quality, animal health, and farm profitability, often remaining undetected due to the absence of clinical signs. The increasing antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional treatments highlights the need for effective alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of <i>Centratherum anthelminticum</i> (CA), alone and in combination with tylosin, in managing SCM in lactating cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen California mastitis test-positive cows were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5/group). Group A received tylosin (18 mg/kg intramuscular), Group B received CA (120 g orally), and Group C received both treatments. Milk samples were analyzed pre- and post-treatment for somatic cell count (SCC), pH, electrical conductivity, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat (SNF) content. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and lymphocyte percentages, were evaluated alongside oxidative stress markers - total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant post-treatment reductions in SCC, pH, and conductivity were observed in all groups. Group C exhibited the most pronounced improvements in lactose, fat, and SNF, with no change in protein. Group B demonstrated the highest TAC increase and TOS reduction, affirming CA's antioxidative potential. Hematological evaluations revealed systemic improvements post-treatment, particularly in RBC and PCV levels. Group B also showed increased lymphocyte counts, further indicating immunomodulatory effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CA exhibits considerable therapeutic potential in managing SCM, especially when combined with tylosin. Its antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects may enhance udder health and milk quality while reducing reliance on antibiotics. Future large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore CA's integration into sustainable mastitis management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1741-1747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}