Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating pellet and mash rumen protected soybean groat on nutrient digestibility, animal performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of fat-tailed sheep.","authors":"Joko Riyanto, Ahmad Pramono, Susi Dwi Widyawati, Sudibya Sudibya, Muhammad Cahyadi, Windi Nur Yuliana, Alfian Andi Apriyanto, Gebby Rosita Jolanda Putri, Farouq Heidar Barido","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.976-985","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.976-985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Optimizing feed strategies is critical in livestock production to enhance animal performance, nutrient utilization, and meat quality. Feed form, such as pelleted, mash, or blended forms, significantly influences these parameters. Investigating the optimal feed form for fat-tailed sheep production can improve economic outcomes and meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary feed forms - pelleted (P10), mash (M10), and a blended form consisting of 50% pellet and 50% mash (M5P5) - on nutrient digestibility, animal performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes in fat-tailed sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen fat-tailed lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental groups receiving either 100% mash feed (M10), a 50:50 mixture of mash and pelleted feed (M5P5), or 100% pelleted feed (P10) for a 90-day feeding trial. Feed intake parameters (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract) were recorded. Nutrient digestibility was assessed, and production performance measures, including body weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feeding cost per gain were determined. Post-slaughter carcass traits, proximate meat composition, cholesterol content, pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, and shear force values were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary feed forms had no significant impact (p > 0.05) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ADG, or FER. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) emerged in carcass traits, notably with increased hot carcass weights observed in M5P5 (19.57 kg) and P10 (19.40 kg) compared to M10 (17.10 kg). Feed form significantly influenced meat-to-bone ratio, with M5P5 and P10 groups exhibiting superior ratios relative to the mash-fed group. Meat quality analysis indicated significant variations (p < 0.05) in WHC and cooking loss; the M5P5 group demonstrated enhanced WHC (63.2%) and reduced cooking loss (18.4%) compared to other treatments. Proximate composition, cholesterol content, pH, and shear force were unaffected by feed form (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The blended mash-pellet diet (M5P5) effectively enhanced specific meat quality parameters, notably WHC and cooking loss, without compromising growth performance or nutrient utilization efficiency. These findings indicate potential for the strategic use of blended feeds in fat-tailed sheep production to optimize meat quality attributes, although further studies examining long-term economic and metabolic impacts are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"976-985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive genome analysis of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in camels from Saudi Arabia: Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"M Salem, A Zaghawa, F Housawi, Ahmed Elsify, Mohamed E Hasan, Alyaa Elrashedy, Kazem AlMohammed Salem, Nidhal Ben Amor, A Al Naeem","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.859-876","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.859-876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Paratuberculosis, caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP), is a significant infectious disease affecting livestock, including camels in Saudi Arabia, leading to severe economic losses. Despite its impact, limited genomic studies have been conducted to characterize MAP strains in camels and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. This study aimed to (1) characterize the clinical and pathological findings of MAP infections in camels; (2) determine the seroprevalence of MAP in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia; (3) differentiate between MAP strains using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioinformatics tools; (4) conduct a comprehensive genomic analysis; and (5) identify genes associated with AMR, virulence, and immune response.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 345 blood samples were collected for seroprevalence analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 68 rectal scraping samples were analyzed using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR for strain differentiation. Seventeen clinical cases underwent clinical, postmortem, and histopathological examinations. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center to identify genetic variations, <i>AMR</i> genes, and phylogenetic relationships among MAP isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical findings revealed progressive emaciation and chronic diarrhea in affected camels. Gross examination showed intestinal wall thickening and mesenteric lymph node congestion. Histopathological analysis indicated hyperactivation of crypts of Lieberkühn and mononuclear cell infiltration. PCR analysis identified a higher prevalence of the sheep (S) strain (162 bp) compared to the cattle (C) strain (310 bp). The overall seroprevalence of MAP was 8.11% (ELISA). Whole-genome sequencing identified 34 <i>AMR</i> genes and 10 virulence genes, with annotation revealing 4.7 million base pairs, coding sequences, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped MAP strains into four distinct clades, indicating potential cross-species transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides critical insights into the genetic diversity and AMR mechanisms of MAP strains in camels, emphasizing the need for targeted control strategies. The findings highlight potential zoonotic risks and inform future vaccine development to mitigate MAP infections in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"859-876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a fermented palm kernel meal as a prebiotic for enhancing immune response in Indonesian red claw crayfish (<i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i>).","authors":"Diki Danar Tri Winanti, Hilma Nahwa Firdausi, Maulid Wahid Yusup, Putu Cinthia Delis, Agus Setyawan, Yeni Elisdiana, Hilma Putri Fidyandini, Muhammad Kholiqul Amiin, Ari Widodo","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.896-906","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.896-906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Indonesian red claw crayfish (<i>Cherax quadricarinatus</i>) represents a significant aquaculture commodity with substantial economic importance; however, disease outbreaks, particularly tail ulceration caused by <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, pose challenges to sustainable production. This study evaluated the efficacy of fermented palm kernel meal (FPKM), rich in mannan oligosaccharides, as a prebiotic additive to enhance non-specific immune responses in <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 120 crayfish (mean weight 10.3 ± 0.15 g and length 7.53 ± 0.26 cm) were allocated in a completely randomized design comprising four dietary treatments: a control group without FPKM and probiotics and three experimental groups receiving diets supplemented with FPKM at concentrations of 40, 80, and 120 g/kg along with probiotics. Hemolymph samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and on days 3, 5, 7, and 14 post-treatment. Non-specific immune responses evaluated included total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), phagocytosis activity (PA), phagocytosis index (PI), phenol oxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total plasma protein (TPP), and immune gene expression (lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein [LGBP], lectin).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inclusion of FPKM significantly increased THC, with peak enhancement observed on day 7 at the highest FPKM concentration (120 g/kg). DHC remained stable across treatments. Phagocytic parameters, including PA and PI, showed significant improvements (74.5 ± 12.5% and 2.8 ± 0.41, respectively) by day 7 in the 120 g/kg treatment. PO and SOD activities significantly increased on days 5 and 14, respectively, with optimal responses at the highest dietary FPKM inclusion. TPP levels did not exhibit significant variation among treatments. Molecular analyses revealed marked upregulation of immune-related genes, notably lectin and LGBP, with peak expression detected in the 40 g/kg FPKM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing diets with FPKM substantially improved non-specific immune responses in <i>C. quadricarinatus</i>. Optimal immune enhancement was generally achieved with 120 g/kg FPKM inclusion, although significant molecular immune responses were evident at lower concentrations. The findings underscore the potential of FPKM as a natural prebiotic to sustainably enhance crayfish immunity, thereby reducing dependency on antibiotics and contributing to eco-friendly aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"896-906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of quorum sensing regulation and stress tolerance by <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> extracts and rhodomyrtone as an alternative treatment for zoonotic pathogens.","authors":"Sukanlaya Leejae, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Ozioma F Nwabor, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.877-887","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.877-887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a zoonotic pathogen with significant public health and economic implications. Its ability to tolerate environmental stress and regulate virulence through quorum sensing contributes to its persistence and pathogenicity. <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> and its bioactive compound rhodomyrtone have demonstrated antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these agents on quorum sensing inhibition and stress tolerance in <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, providing insights into their potential as alternative antimicrobial strategies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anti-quorum sensing activity of <i>R. tomentosa</i> extracts was assessed using <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> as a bioindicator. In addition, the effects on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> swarming motility were evaluated. Stress tolerance in <i>S. aureus</i> was examined by subjecting treated cells to acidic (pH = 5.0), alkaline (pH = 9.0), osmotic (7.5% NaCl), heat (43°C), and oxidative (1 mM H₂O₂) stress conditions. The survival rates were determined through colony-forming unit (CFU) counts following treatment with rhodomyrtone and ethanol leaf extracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ethyl acetate fraction of <i>R. tomentosa</i> leaf extract exhibited the highest violacein inhibition, followed by the ethanol extract. At 256 μg/mL, these extracts permitted <i>P. aeruginosa</i> colony formation but inhibited its swarming motility. Regarding stress tolerance, no surviving <i>S. aureus</i> cells were detected under any stress condition after 3-6 h of treatment with 2 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1 μg/mL) of rhodomyrtone. In addition, 4 × MIC (128 μg/mL) of the ethanol leaf extract inhibited pathogen survival under all tested stress conditions except for alkaline and oxidative stresses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that <i>R. tomentosa</i> extracts and rhodomyrtone effectively inhibit quorum sensing and stress tolerance, offering a promising alternative antimicrobial approach. These compounds could be utilized in veterinary medicine and food safety to mitigate zoonotic pathogen contamination and combat antibiotic-resistant infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"877-887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the molecular action of <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> on bovine reproductive parameters and risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"Amanda Cristielly Nunes De Lima, Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar, Otaviano de Souza Pires Neto, Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos, Priscilla Elias Ferreira da Silva, Hércules Otacílio Santos, Cintya Neves de Souza, Franciane Gabrielle Dos Santos, Anna Christina de Almeida","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.837-850","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.837-850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Trypanosomiasis caused by <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> is a significant cause of reproductive inefficiency and economic losses in cattle farming. While its impact on reproduction is known, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular effects of <i>T. vivax</i> on reproductive parameters in cattle and evaluate epidemiological risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in beef cattle in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A dual approach combining <i>in silico</i> bioinformatics and epidemiological analyses was employed. Proteins linked to <i>T. vivax</i> were identified using the UniProt database, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the String V.12 platform. The epidemiological study involved serological diagnosis of trypanosomiasis through indirect immunofluorescence in 383 serum samples collected from 14 herds. Risk factors such as farming system, animal replacement frequency, vector presence, vaccination practices, and reproductive history were assessed through statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioinformatics analyses suggested that <i>T. vivax</i> may exert molecular effects on bovine reproduction through the expression of toll-like receptor 2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear receptor coactivator 7 proteins. The overall prevalence of <i>T. vivax</i> was 6.79%, with no direct association found between infection and reproductive performance. However, 57.7% of seropositive cattle belonged to farms with lower pregnancy rates, and 96% were from farms reporting abortions in the past 12 months. The semi-intensive/intensive farming system and shared use of syringes and needles during vaccination were identified as significant risk factors for <i>T. vivax</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides evidence of <i>T. vivax</i> spread in northern Minas Gerais and highlights the need for improved control strategies, including vector management and proper sanitary practices. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that <i>T. vivax</i> may influence reproductive outcomes through the NF-κB signaling pathway, warranting further experimental validation. Future studies should investigate the molecular mechanisms of <i>T. vivax</i> in high-prevalence herds to refine disease management and mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"837-850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive and economic effects of adding <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 to bread waste-based diets in laying hens.","authors":"Albertina Felizardo Manteiga, Abilio Paulo Changule, Nilza Jorge Manjate, Dercia Hilario Magaia, Florentina Domingos Chilala, Leonel Antonio Joaquim, Eunice Justino Chivale, Filomena Dos Anjos, Manuel Garcia-Herreros, Custódio Gabriel Bila","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.969-975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The high cost and limited availability of maize in poultry production necessitate the exploration of alternative feed sources. Bread waste (BW), a nutrient-rich by-product, offers a sustainable substitute. However, concerns regarding its protein degradation during processing and limited research in laying hens restrict its broader application. Probiotics such as <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 may enhance nutrient utilization and economic viability when combined with BW. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially replacing maize meal with BW, with or without the inclusion of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940, on the productive performance and economic outcomes in laying hens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty 52-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment; 4 replicates of 5 hens each): (T1) basal diet; (T2) basal diet with 20% BW replacing maize; and (T3) basal diet with 20% BW and 0.8% <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940. Performance parameters and economic indicators, including feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratios, gross revenue, contribution margin, and break-even point, were assessed over 45 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, or live weight across treatments. Economically, substituting 20% of maize with BW significantly reduced feed cost per kilogram and egg production cost per unit and per dozen (p < 0.05). The inclusion of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> further enhanced the profitability index, gross value added, and reduced the break-even point compared to T1 and T2 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Replacing 20% of maize with BW, with or without <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940, maintains productive performance in laying hens while significantly improving economic efficiency. This strategy offers a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional feed formulations in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"969-975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and hematological and biochemical blood parameters of dogs with hepatobiliary disorders.","authors":"Nguyen Vu Thuy Hong Loan, Nguyen Van Chao, Tran Thi Nhung","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.986-993","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.986-993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hepatobiliary disorders represent a significant clinical concern in canine medicine, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. However, comprehensive data on clinical presentation and hematological and biochemical alterations associated with these disorders in Vietnam remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations and hematobiochemical profiles of dogs diagnosed with hepatobiliary disorders in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty client-owned dogs diagnosed with hepatobiliary disorders through histopathological confirmation were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical signs, age, breed, and sex were recorded. Hematological indices - including red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet (PLT) count - and biochemical parameters - such as total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and uric acid - were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's Chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hepatitis was the most prevalent disorder (38.8%), followed by biliary disorders, hepatic lipidosis, neoplastic disorders (each 16.3%), and cirrhosis (12.5%). Vomiting (60.0%), jaundice (57.5%), and diarrhea (48.8%) were among the most frequent clinical signs, with significant variability across disorder types (p < 0.05). A significant variation in PLT counts was observed, with the highest values in hepatic lipidosis cases (p = 0.04). Biochemical analysis revealed marked elevations in total bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT across disorders (p < 0.05), particularly in hepatitis and neoplastic cases. Dogs with cirrhosis exhibited significantly reduced TP and ALB concentrations. Elevated BUN and CREA were also noted in dogs with neoplastic conditions, suggesting concurrent renal involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to delineate the clinical and hematobiochemical characteristics of canine hepatobiliary disorders in Vietnam. The findings underscore the diagnostic value of integrating clinical signs with laboratory indices, particularly elevated liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia, in the identification and differentiation of hepatobiliary conditions. These insights may enhance clinical decision-making and contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes in veterinary hepatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"986-993"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens in table eggs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cyrielle Hinson, Aretas Tonouhewa, Paulin Azokpota, Georges Daube, Nicolas Korsak, Philippe Sessou","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.939-954","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.939-954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Eggs represent a vital dietary source globally; however, bacterial contamination poses a substantial public health risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of bacterial contamination in table eggs and to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of these pathogens, emphasizing their implications for public health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive bibliographic search of Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), CAB Abstract, and Google Scholar databases was performed, identifying 136 studies published between 1979 and 2022. The systematic review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and advanced bibliometric techniques for data collection. Microsoft Excel and R software (v5.0) were employed for data consolidation and statistical analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Higgins' I² index, and a random-effects model was adopted for prevalence estimation and subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen bacterial species were identified in eggs, primarily <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. Overall, eggshell contamination rates exceeded those of egg contents. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates exhibited complete resistance (100%) to nitrofurantoin, novobiocin, and polymyxin and substantial resistance (>50%) to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin (74.5%), penicillin G (89.1%), and colistin (83.1%). <i>E. coli</i> isolates showed total resistance to penicillin G (100%) and high resistance to amoxicillin (72.2%) and ceftazidime (95.6%). Antibiotic resistance varied significantly across regions, notably higher in Asian and African isolates. Multidrug-resistant strains of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the high global prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in poultry eggs and highlights concerning antibiotic resistance trends, particularly among <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>E. coli</i>. The findings emphasize the urgent need for region-specific biosecurity protocols and antimicrobial stewardship strategies to reduce egg contamination and control antibiotic-resistant pathogens, ultimately safeguarding public health and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"939-954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological and morphometric changes in cardiac conduction fibers after spontaneous myocardial infarction in horses and dogs.","authors":"Fabián Gómez-Torres, Luis Ballesteros-Acuña, Amparo Ruíz-Sauri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.827-836","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.827-836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death in dogs and horses often results from ventricular arrhythmia secondary to myocardial damage. Despite this, limited data exist on the histomorphometric changes in cardiac conduction fibers (CCFs) and cardiac conduction cells (CCCs) following spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to characterize morphometric and histological alterations in conduction fibers and their junctions with cardiomyocytes in infarcted hearts of horses and dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten hearts from horses and 10 from dogs that had died suddenly were examined. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining to identify conduction fibers and assess glycogen accumulation. The thickness and density of conduction fibers, as well as the diameter of conduction cells, were measured using image analysis software. Statistical comparisons were conducted using t-tests, analysis of variance, and Cohen's d-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In horses, the diameter of CCCs was significantly smaller in infarcted cases (55.74 μm) compared to normal hearts (79.08 μm) (p < 0.001). In dogs, slight hypertrophy of CCCs (31.21 μm) was observed in normal hearts, whereas infarcted hearts exhibited reduced diameters (26.83 μm) (p = 0.114). The density of CCFs was 9.06% in horses and 7.99% in dogs (p = 0.846), while fiber thickness was 30.06 μm in horses and 29.86 μm in dogs (p = 0.263). Horses exhibited extensive myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the middle third and posterior left ventricle, while dogs displayed milder lesions distributed across the ventricle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a reduction in CCC size in horses and minor hypertrophy in dogs, coupled with fibrotic myocardial lesions of varying severity. The observed histomorphometric changes provide insight into the structural impact of MI on conduction cells, which may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias in these species. These findings have implications for veterinary cardiology and the management of MI-related arrhythmic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"827-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of saline drinking water on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry in crossbred Muscovy ducks.","authors":"Le Thanh Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thiet","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.782-790","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.782-790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Water quality is a critical factor in duck farming, influencing growth performance, health, and productivity. Salinity in drinking water is a concern in regions affected by saline intrusion, such as the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Notably, female ducks exhibit greater salt tolerance than males due to differences in kidney size and function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of saline drinking water on the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of crossbred Muscovy ducks (<i>Cairina moschata</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design was used, including five treatments with five replications per treatment. Each replication consisted of four crossbred Muscovy ducks, with an equal number of males and females. The treatments comprised freshwater (SW0.0) and diluted seawater with salinity levels of 0.15% (SW0.15), 0.3% (SW0.3), 0.45% (SW0.45), and 0.6% (SW0.6). Ducks were provided <i>ad libitum</i> access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Key parameters measured included dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, body weight (BW), carcass traits, meat quality, salt gland dimensions, and blood biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Saline drinking water significantly reduced DMI and BW gain, with male ducks more adversely affected than females. The final BW of males decreased with increasing salinity, while female ducks maintained stable BWs. Ducks consuming water with salinity levels of 0.45% and 0.6% had higher feed conversion ratios (4.83 and 4.68, respectively) compared to lower salinity groups (3.77-4.61). Carcass weight, breast weight, and abdominal fat percentage declined with increasing salinity, whereas thigh and drumstick weights remained unaffected. The crude protein content of thigh and drumstick meat decreased at higher salinity levels. Blood biochemical parameters, including sodium, chloride, urea, and creatinine levels, increased in ducks consuming highly saline water, indicating potential physiological stress. Ducks in higher salinity groups exhibited increased salt gland size, suggesting an adaptive response to saline conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Male crossbred Muscovy ducks can tolerate drinking water salinity levels up to 0.3%, whereas females can withstand salinity up to 0.6%. The greater salinity tolerance of female ducks makes them more suitable for farming in saline-affected areas. While increased salt gland size suggests an adaptive response, elevated blood biochemical markers indicate potential physiological stress. Future research should explore strategies to mitigate the negative effects of saline water on duck production, including dietary interventions with antioxidants such as vitamin E or selenium.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"782-790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}