Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> colonization among veterinarians in the province of Malaga, Spain.","authors":"Fernando Fariñas-Guerrero, Antonio J Villatoro, Eduardo Martinez-Manzanares, Rosa López-Gigosos","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2719-2724","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2719-2724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are common colonizing pathogens in companion animals. These opportunistic pathogens can cause infections of varying frequency and severity in humans and pets. Studies on <i>Staphylococcus</i> colonization in veterinarians are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the colonization of the nostrils and hands by <i>S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, and <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> among healthy clinical practice veterinarians in the province of Malaga (Spain), with a particular focus on their potential antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A request for voluntary participation was extended to professionals from the Official College of Veterinarians of Malaga. Nasal and hand swabs were collected by two trained technicians in January 2024, and all samples were delivered to the laboratory within 24 h. Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, and coagulase tests were performed. The susceptibility of the isolated bacteria to 11 antibiotics was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 clinical practice veterinarians were enrolled in the study, comprising 36 women and 14 men from 31 veterinary clinics across Málaga province. A total of 32% of the nasal samples yielded <i>S. aureus</i>, whereas 64% were found to contain <i>S. epidermidis</i>. In total, 30% of the hand samples yielded <i>S. aureus</i> and 30% yielded <i>S. epidermidis</i>. The participants did not exhibit any strains of <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> in their nasal samples or hands. Two strains (11.1%) of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> were isolated from 18 strains isolated from nostrils. Furthermore, a high prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> strains resistant to ampicillin (94.4%) and amoxicillin (72.2%) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The colonization profiles of veterinary professionals were similar to those observed in the general population. Further research is required among veterinary professionals, companion animals, and their owners to better understand the colonization processes and the pet-human interface within a \"One Health\" approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2719-2724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization and validation of a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method for detecting virulent strains of the infectious bursal disease virus.","authors":"Vladimir Longa-Bobadilla, Phillip Ormeño-Vásquez, Manuel Criollo-Orozco, Luis Tataje-Lavanda, Katherine Huamán-Gutierrez, Ángela Montalván, Mirko Zimic, Manolo Fernández-Sanchez, Manolo Fernández-Díaz","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2998-3004","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2998-3004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gumboro disease is an economically crucial veterinary condition in chickens. It is caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This virus consists of two serotype groups, of which serotype I strain is pathogenic to chickens. For many years, the development of molecular techniques for either diagnostic purposes or surveillance of the appearance of new pathogenic strains has mainly focused on targeting the VP2 genomic region. However, due to the constant necessity for the discrimination between already prevalent vaccine strains and new pathogenic strains of this virus, it becomes imperative to have an immediate molecular method targeting a consensus sequence to achieve this task using field samples to reduce costs. Consequently, we focused on developing a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure solely for this purpose.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight <i>VP5</i> sequences were aligned, and the sequence with the majority of nucleotide coincidences was used to design a set of consensus primers. Then, a pathogenic strain of IBDV was propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, and the viral RNA was extracted. Finally, the conditions for this novel RT-PCR were evaluated using a commercial kit and the newly designed primers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After determining the optimal RT-PCR conditions, the newly designed primers successfully amplified a 402-bp consensus sequence of the <i>VP5</i> gene. In addition, these primers specifically amplified the <i>VP5</i> sequence of the IBDV-positive samples, not the other samples previously confirmed to be positive for other common poultry pathogens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our novel RT-PCR procedure has been demonstrated to be helpful in selectively amplifying the consensus sequence of the <i>VP5</i> gene, indicating that this novel RT-PCR procedure constitutes an important and useful tool to execute initial discrimination of field-retrieved samples containing and not containing virulent strains of this virus before deciding to execute a blindly and more costly sequencing procedure of all the samples together.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2998-3004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health initiative in India: Genesis and hurdles in establishing the first consortium.","authors":"Nagendra R Hegde, Malathi Talari, Subeer S Majumdar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2925-2931","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2925-2931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are several challenges in implementing a meaningful One Health program. These include (a) understanding the language, intricacies, idiosyncrasies, and outcome indicators for each sector in multi-sectoral collaborations, (b) requirement of each partner to be trained outside their area of expertise, (c) absence of analysis of economics and long-term benefits, (d) complexities of the coordination and hand-holding of the various partners, and (e) uninterrupted financing of large consortia. There is, however, a clear understanding of the need for a team effort to support sustainable and progressive development. To achieve such an effort in India, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, through prolonged deliberation, initiated a One Health project to understand the pervasiveness of the ten most critical zoonotic diseases through a nationwide study of the prevalence of these diseases in animals and to estimate the burden of the same diseases in clinical syndromes encountered in hospital settings. At the end of the project, we hope to map the spread and potential hotspots of the various diseases studied to undertake further collaborative studies focusing on diseases specific to particular geographic locations in the future. This review outlines the One Health initiatives in India and describes the difficulties in implementing the DBT One Health Consortium project.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2925-2931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of <i>Delonix regia</i> and gum Arabic against aluminum chloride-induced toxicity in male Albino Rats.","authors":"Amin A Al-Doaiss, Mohammed A Alshehri, Ali A Shati, Ali M Almaawari, Hamad S Al-Shahrani, Abdulaziz M Saeed, Abdulaziz M Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaziz S Al-Shahrani, Muteb H Almansour, Ahmed A El-Mansi, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Mohammed Mubarak, Montaser Elsayed Ali","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2909-2917","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2909-2917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Aluminum (AL) is commonly found in food, drinking, air, and soil and it can be a serious contaminant in varying amounts. Therefore, this study investigated the biochemical and histological hazardous reactions to aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and the efficiency of the methanol extract of <i>Delonix regia aerial</i> parts with gum Arabic (<i>GA</i>) as anti-toxic therapies to return to a natural state after AlCl₃ exposure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. (i) CG: Served as a control group. (ii) AlCl₃: Rats were exposed to 80 mg/kg/body weight (BW) AlCl₃. (iii) AlCl₃ + <i>D. regia/GA</i>: rats were administered AlCl₃ + 100 mg/kg B.W. with 15% BW of <i>D. regia</i> and GA, respectively. (iv) <i>D. regia/GA</i>: Rats were administered 100 mg/kg B.W. with 15% BW <i>D. regia</i> and <i>GA</i>, respectively. The experimental treatment was administered for 30 days. On the 30^th day, blood biochemical parameters were assessed, and specimens from the liver and kidney were collected and stored in a neutral buffer with 10% formalin until immediate histopathological examination after euthanasia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed a significant increase in white blood cells and platelets after AlCl₃ exposure compared with CG, while there was a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume. Treatment with <i>D. regia/GA</i> improved lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, the animals exposed to AlCl₃ showed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase compared with CG, whereas AlCl₃ + <i>D. regia/GA</i> treatment improved these activities. In addition, the rats exposed to AlCl₃ had significantly increased glucose, lipase, amylase, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and <i>D. regia/GA</i> treatment significantly improved these levels compared with AlCl₃. This study reported no significant differences in Ca and Na concentrations among groups, but rats exposed to AlCl₃ had elevated K, Cl, and Mg levels, whereas <i>D. regia/GA</i> treatment improved these levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-administration of the methanolic extract of <i>D. regia</i> with <i>GA</i> can protect against AlCl₃ toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2909-2917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of hair steroid levels among Wistar rats exposed to different environmental enrichment settings.","authors":"Alberto Elmi, Niccolò I Vannetti, Viola Galligioni, Nadia Govoni, Camilla Aniballi, José M Sánchez-Morgado, Maria L Bacci, Domenico Ventrella","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2731-2735","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2731-2735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Environmental enrichment (EE) is a pivotal tool for creating ideal housing conditions that allow animals to fully display their ethograms. At the micro-environmental level, they should elicit cognitive and social responses and increase physical activities. Hair steroids may be among the best biomarkers to evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure to different enrichments because they are non-invasive and provide information regarding a longer period. This study aimed to compare the hair steroid profiles, specifically corticosterone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), of Wistar rats exposed to two different EE settings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty (n = 20) outbred Wistar rats were enrolled in this study. First hair collection (T0) was performed 3 days before weaning (at 28 days of life), and then Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups with a sex ratio of 1:1: standard EE group, provided with one rat tunnel, and extra EE group, provided with an additional tunnel hanging from the top of the cage. Environmental conditions were 20°C-24°C, 45%-65% relative humidity, and a 12:12 dark/light cycle, with water and pelleted diet <i>ad libitum</i>. The rats were housed in ventilated cages with poplar bedding and nesting material. Hair was sampled again after 3 months (T1). Steroids were quantified using radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after methanol extraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cortisol was not quantifiable, while corticosterone and DHEA were. After 3 months of exposure (T1), no differences were noted between the experimental groups. On data categorization per sex, females showed higher levels of all steroids than males. In males, the extra EE group had higher corticosterone levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that corticosterone and DHEA are quantifiable in rats' hair, yet bigger datasets are needed to better understand the physiological levels of these hormones in such a matrix. Different enrichment settings induced differences between and within sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2731-2735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a deep learning-based 1D convolutional neural network model for cross-species natural killer T cell identification using peripheral blood mononuclear cell single-cell RNA sequencing data.","authors":"Kaj Chokeshaiusaha, Thanida Sananmuang, Denis Puthier, Roongtham Kedkovid","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2846-2857","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2846-2857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Natural killer T (NKT) cells exhibit the traits of both T and NK cells. Although their roles have been well studied in humans and mice, limited knowledge is available regarding their roles in dogs and pigs, which serve as models for human immunology. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) can elucidate NKT cell functions. However, identifying cells in mixed populations, like peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is challenging using this technique. This study presented the application of one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) for the identification of NKT cells within scRNA-seq data derived from PBMCs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used human scRNA-Seq data to train a 1DCNN model for cross-species identification of NKT cells in canine and porcine PBMC datasets. K-means clustering was used to isolate human NKT cells for training the 1DCNN model. The trained model predicted NKT cell subpopulations in PBMCs from all species. We performed Differential gene expression and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses to assess shared gene functions across species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully trained the 1DCNN model on human scRNA-Seq data, achieving 99.3% accuracy, and successfully identified NKT cell candidates in human, canine, and porcine PBMC datasets using the model. Across species, these NKT cells shared 344 genes with significantly elevated expression (FDR ≤ 0.001). GO term enrichment analyses confirmed the association of these genes with the immunoactivity of NKT cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study developed a 1DCNN model for cross-species NKT cell identification and identified conserved immune function genes. The approach has broad implications for identifying other cell types in comparative immunology, and future studies are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2846-2857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity analysis, nutrition, and flavor evaluation of amino acids in Chinese native geese germplasms.","authors":"Haiyue Cao, Zhenfei Yang, Ligang Wang, Xin Li, Yuanyuan Bian, Hongchang Zhao, Mengli Zhao, Xiaoming Li, Jun Wang, Guobo Sun, Shanmao Ren, Jun Yu, Huizhen Gao, Xuan Huang, Jian Wang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2932-2943","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2932-2943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>As living standards improve and consumption patterns shift, the market for goose meat continues to grow because of its exceptional dietary quality and distinctive flavor. The composition and content of amino acids are critical for determining the nutritional value and flavor of meat. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and flavor of 10 Chinese native geese germplasms based on their amino acid content and composition.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 568 geese from 10 Chinese native geese germplasms reared under identical conditions were slaughtered at 10 weeks of age. The pectoralis and thigh muscles (thighs) were collected to determine the amino acid content using an amino acid analyzer. Subsequently, diversity, variance, cluster, and principal component analyses were performed to identify superior germplasm with improved nutrition and flavor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed 17 amino acids in goose meat, with Glutamate and Aspartate being the most abundant. The amino acid scores of goose meat exceeded the values recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (1.72-2.07) indicated a high degree of diversity in amino acid content among geese germplasms. The pectoralis exhibited significantly higher amino acid content (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) than the thigh, except for the essential amino acids to total amino acids ratio (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The 10 germplasms were categorized into four clusters, with Wanxi (WX) and Taizhou (TZ) geese grouped in Cluster I, displaying significantly higher nutritional value and flavor (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) than other germplasms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Germplasms with superior nutritional value and flavor (WX and TZ) were identified among 10 Chinese native geese germplasms, providing valuable insights for the conservation of existing germplasms and the cultivation of new goose breeds with improved meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2932-2943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric and histological changes in cardiac nodes after acute spontaneous myocardial infarction in humans and pigs.","authors":"Fabián Gómez-Torres, Luis Ernesto Ballesteros-Acuña, Pilar Molina-Aguilar, César Ríos-Navarro, Amparo Ruíz-Sauri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2880-2888","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2880-2888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The sinoatrial node is responsible for the intrinsic electrical activation that in mammals leads to coordinated rhythmic contractions of the heart, from where it is distributed through the atrial tissue to the atrioventricular node. This study aimed to conduct a histological and morphometric study of the components and cells in cardiac nodes altered by myocardial infarction (MI) and compare them with normal tissues in humans and pigs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 10 human hearts and 10 pig hearts that died from MI and compared them with 10 healthy control hearts from each species. Histological sections of 5 μm thickness were obtained using a microtome and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The identification and assessment of the percentage of connective tissue and cellularity in the cardiac nodes were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a decreased size of cardiac nodes in humans and pigs, as well as an increased percentage of fibrosis inside the nodes, and changes in the size of the nodal cells and surrounding cardiomyocytes (decrease or hypertrophy) were observed. Cartilaginous metaplasia was also found in the cardiac skeleton of all pig samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, a significant increase in collagen fibers and a decrease in cellularity were found in cardiac nodes in samples from humans and pigs with MI. These findings would explain the presence of arrhythmias, which often lead to death.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2880-2888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic and genotypic characteristics of foot and mouth disease virus in cattle in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam.","authors":"Tran Duy Khang, Nguyen Phuc Khanh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2858-2864","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2858-2864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a dangerous infectious disease in livestock that rapidly spreads and causes economic losses for cattle farmers. However, the genetic characteristics of FMD virus (FMDV) strains that cause FMD in many provinces of the Mekong Delta, especially Tra Vinh province, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotype of FMDV circulating in the Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five probang samples from sick cows with clinical symptoms of FMD were collected and tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the UTR (untranslated region) segment to determine FMDV. For the gene encoding <i>VP1</i>, four FMDV-positive samples with precise electrophoresis results were amplified and sequenced using the RT-PCR technique. A phylogenetic tree was established to analyze the relationship between the detected FMDV and GenBank sequences. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed to identify mutation sites in the <i>VP1</i> gene of the detected strains and GenBank sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic analysis showed that all four detected strains belonged to serotype O, topotype SEA/Mya-98. The results of <i>VP1</i> gene analysis showed that the strains detected in Tra Vinh province belonged to serotype O and had a high nucleotide similarity rate with strain O/MYA/7/98 (93.83%-96.22%). These strains shared high homology with strains from Laos and Thailand but low homology with vaccine strain O/Manisa (DI431238.1). In addition, changes of 27 amino acids were discovered in the VP1 protein of the FMDV strains, several of which were significant FMDV neutralization-related antigenic determinants. These results imply that existing vaccination may not protect against the FMDV strains circulating in the Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that these strains belong to serotype O, topotype SEA/Mya-98. In addition, mutations at 27 amino acid positions on the <i>VP1</i> gene of these strains reduce the effectiveness of disease prevention with currently used vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2858-2864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control.","authors":"Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Daniah Ashri Afnani, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Agus Widodo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Sancaka Chasyer Ramandinianto, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Abdul Hadi Furqoni, Ricadonna Raissa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2747-2762","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2747-2762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry; this type of bacteria is an extraintestinal pathogen <i>E. coli</i>. Unlike other <i>E. coli</i> pathogen groups, the characteristics of APECs cannot be identified by a single group. Serotyping and biotyping are frequently performed for isolates found in colibacillosis infections. The establishment, transmission, and persistence of this pathogenic strain in chicken populations are determined by the intricate interactions of multiple elements that make up the epidemiology of APEC. APEC employs many virulence and pathogenesis factors or mechanisms to infect chickens with colibacillosis. These factors include invasives, protectins, adhesins, iron acquisition, and toxins. In addition, the pathogenicity of APEC strains can be evaluated in 2-4 <i>week</i>-old chicks. The impact of unfavorable environmental conditions has also been documented, despite direct contact being demonstrated to be a significant element in transmission in APEC. Chickens are immunized against colibacillosis using a variety of vaccines. Nevertheless, commercially available vaccinations do not offer sufficient immunity to protect birds from APEC strains. Hatching egg contamination is one of the main ways that APECs spread throughout chicken flocks. Farmers also need to be mindful of storing discarded materials near the manure-watering area, removing them when necessary, and replacing wet materials with dry materials when needed. This review aimed to explain the characteristics, epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control of APEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2747-2762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}