Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of a recombinant Rap1-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Kanatbek Mukantayev, Zhansaya Adish, Darkhan Kanayev, Laura Tokhtarova, Bisultan Abirbekov, Yergali Abduraimov, Aralbek Rsaliyev, Kanat Tursunov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1881-1890","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1881-1890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bovine babesiosis, caused by <i>Babesia bovis</i>, poses significant economic challenges to Kazakhstan's cattle industry. Early and accurate detection is crucial for interrupting transmission cycles, particularly in regions lacking advanced diagnostic infrastructure. This study aimed to develop a rapid lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using a recombinant C-terminal fragment of the recombinant rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rRap1) antigen for the serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A C-terminal fragment (amino acids 345-480) of the <i>B. bovis</i> <i>Rap1</i> gene was codon optimized and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The recombinant protein was purified using metal-affinity chromatography and validated through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A diagnostic evaluation was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and LFIA on sera from 102 uninfected and 15 infected cattle, all of which had been pre-tested using polymerase chain reaction. Colloidal gold-protein G conjugates were prepared for LFIA, and test conditions were optimized for antigen concentration and serum dilution. Assay performance was compared with previously published LFIAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 21-kDa rRap1 protein was successfully expressed and demonstrated high specificity to positive control sera. ELISA and LFIA both detected antibodies in 13 of 15 infected samples (sensitivity 86.6%). Specificity was 90.1% for ELISA and 88.2% for LFIA. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.83, and Cohen's Kappa indicated fair-to-moderate agreement between ELISA and LFIA. The LFIA exhibited comparable performance to assays based on merozoite surface antigen 1 or spherical body protein antigens, marking the first successful use of a <i>B. bovis</i> Rap1 C-terminal fragment for LFIA-based field diagnostics in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed rRap1-based LFIA is a promising, field-deployable diagnostic tool for bovine babesiosis, offering rapid results without the need for laboratory equipment. Despite slightly lower sensitivity than ELISA, its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and specificity support its use in large-scale epidemiological surveillance. Further validation in diverse field conditions and cattle populations is recommended to refine sensitivity and broaden applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1881-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress index of porcine follicular fluid influences meiotic maturation and embryo development during <i>in vitro</i> culture.","authors":"Bin Liu, Takeshige Otoi, Zhao Namula, Oky Setyo Widodo, Maki Hirata, Aya Nakai, Qingyi Lin, Yuichiro Nakayama, Megumi Nagahara, Fuminori Tanihara","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2078-2086","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2078-2086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Porcine follicular fluid (pFF) is frequently used to mimic the follicular microenvironment during <i>in vitro</i> maturation (IVM) of oocytes. However, the influence of oxidative stress levels within pFF on oocyte quality and embryo development remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how varying oxidative stress index (OSI) of pFF affect porcine oocyte meiotic progression, fertilization, and embryonic development during IVM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Oocytes were matured in IVM media supplemented with 30% pFF classified into low (OSI 19), medium (OSI 22), and high (OSI 25) oxidative stress groups, based on the ratio of diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites to biological antioxidant potential. Post-IVM, oocytes were assessed for meiotic stage, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Fertilization and embryo development outcomes were monitored following <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OSI 19 group showed significantly higher maturation to the metaphase II stage and improved fertilization and blastocyst formation rates compared to OSI 22 and OSI 25 groups (p < 0.05). ROS and GSH levels were also significantly elevated in OSI 19 oocytes, without an increase in DNA fragmentation. Blastocysts from the OSI 25 group exhibited significantly higher DNA fragmentation index than those from the OSI 19 group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OSI of pFF modulates porcine oocyte competence and embryonic outcomes. Lower OSI is associated with enhanced antioxidant balance, meiotic maturation, and embryo quality. Monitoring pFF oxidative status may improve assisted reproductive outcomes in swine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2078-2086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly microencapsulation of <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> using <i>Ficus pumila</i> seed extract: A novel plant-based delivery system enhancing probiotic stability and gastrointestinal tolerance.","authors":"Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Chonticha Romyasamit, Rungruedee Kimseng, Tanakamol Mahawan, Sasi Vimon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2039-2050","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2039-2050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Probiotic viability remains a critical challenge during gastrointestinal (GI) transit, storage, and feed processing. Conventional encapsulation materials often fail under acidic and thermal stress. This study aimed to develop and characterize a novel, eco-friendly microencapsulation system using <i>Ficus pumila</i> (FP) seed extract as a natural encapsulating matrix for <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> (LP) WU2502, enhancing its functional resilience and storage stability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Microcapsules containing LP and FP were formulated through ionic gelation using calcium chloride. Physicochemical properties were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). Functional evaluations included encapsulation efficiency (EE), swelling kinetics, controlled release in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, stress tolerance (acid, bile, enzymes, thermal), and viability during 60-day storage at 4°C and 25°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LP/FP microcapsules demonstrated high EE (80.5%) and spherical morphology (~200μm). FTIR confirmed the presence of ionic and hydrogen bonding in the matrix. The system exhibited pH-responsive swelling and controlled release, reaching 89.17% cumulative release in intestinal fluid. Encapsulated cells showed significantly improved tolerance to acidic pH, bile salts, digestive enzymes, and heat compared to free cells (p < 0.05). After 60 days, the viability of encapsulated cells remained above 60% at both storage temperatures, while free cell viability dropped by over 85%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FP seed extract offers a biodegradable, plant-derived alternative for probiotic encapsulation. The developed LP/FP system effectively enhances probiotic survival under GI and thermal stress and during extended storage. These results support its application as a sustainable delivery platform for animal feed and functional food formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2039-2050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and preventive strategies for global health.","authors":"Preethi Lavina Concessao, Jay Prakash","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2136-2157","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2136-2157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic exposure remains a critical global health concern, with growing evidence linking it to significant kidney dysfunction. This review examines the underlying mechanisms of arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and programmed cell death, which collectively contribute to damage in the glomeruli and renal tubules. Chronic exposure is associated with proteinuria, renal impairment, and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging biomarkers such as β2-microglobulin, kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin have shown promise in detecting arsenic-related renal damage earlier and with greater specificity than traditional markers like serum creatinine. Preventive strategies - such as advanced water purification systems and antioxidant supplementation with agents such as vitamin C, selenium, and curcumin - alongside public health policies targeting arsenic monitoring and regulation, are essential to mitigate exposure risks. Continued research into diagnostic and therapeutic innovations is crucial for reducing the burden of arsenic-induced kidney disease. A deeper understanding of arsenic's nephrotoxic pathways will support global efforts to protect renal health and strengthen environmental health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2136-2157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive performance and fertility traits in Madrasin cattle: The influence of <i>growth differentiation factor-9</i> gene expression on reproductive tract size, cervical mucus characteristics, and fertility rate.","authors":"Budi Utomo, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Rochmah Kurnijasanti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1799-1806","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1799-1806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The <i>growth differentiation factor-9</i> (<i>GDF-9</i>) gene is recognized as a critical regulator of ovarian function and fertility in cattle. However, its role in crossbred populations, particularly Madrasin cattle (Madura × Simmental cross), remains underexplored. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of fertility traits in this crossbreed could provide valuable insights for improving reproductive efficiency in Indonesia's livestock sector. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between <i>GDF-9</i> gene expression and reproductive traits, specifically reproductive tract size (RTS), cervical mucus characteristics, and fertility rate, in Madrasin cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 Madrasin cows (aged 2-5 years) were evaluated. <i>GDF-9</i> expression levels were assessed through polymerase chain reaction, and samples were categorized into \"Strong Expression\" (G1) and \"Dimmed Expression\" (G2) groups based on amplicon band intensity. Reproductive tract dimensions were recorded through rectal palpation, while cervical mucus quality was analyzed using five parameters: appearance, viscosity, spinnbarkeit, pH, and fern pattern. Fertility was determined by the non-return rate (NRR) following artificial insemination. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cows in the strong <i>GDF-9</i> expression group exhibited significantly larger uterine horn diameters and greater ovarian height than the dimmed group (p < 0.05). Cervical mucus from G1 animals displayed higher scores in appearance and spinnbarkeit, although only appearance was statistically significant. NRR was notably higher in G1 (p < 0.05), suggesting enhanced fertility in cows with elevated <i>GDF-9</i> expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>GDF-9</i> gene expression in Madrasin cattle is positively associated with RTS and fertility-related cervical mucus characteristics. These findings suggest that <i>GDF-9</i> could serve as a promising genetic marker for improving fertility and breeding outcomes in crossbred cattle populations. However, the study's limited sample size and exclusion of environmental factors warrant further investigation to validate the utility of <i>GDF-9</i> in broader genetic selection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1799-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolyzable tannins in local Thai plants: Potential applications as poultry feed supplements: A systematic review.","authors":"Tanakamol Mahawan, Pornchai Pornpanom, Surya Nur Rahmatullah, Tuempong Wongtawan, Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2051-2063","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2051-2063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global shift toward antibiotic-free poultry production necessitates sustainable alternatives to conventional growth promoters. Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) from plants have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, and gut-modulatory effects, making them promising feed additives. However, reliance on imported tannins from temperate species limits access for tropical producers, especially in Thailand. This study aimed to systematically evaluate locally available Thai plant species as alternative sources of HTs for poultry feed, with a focus on their biological activities, economic feasibility, and practical integration potential.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search (2020-2024) was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Thai citation index. Studies assessing Thai plant-derived HTs and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and gut health effects were included in the study. A total of 21 studies covering 24 plant species were analyzed. Data extraction included tannin type, target microbes, experimental outcomes, and yield/economic feasibility, assessed through a validated scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gallic and ellagic acids were the predominant bioactive compounds reported. HT-rich extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial effects against 19 pathogenic bacterial species and enhanced the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, including <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>. <i>Manihot esculenta</i> (cassava) and <i>Senna siamea</i> (Siamese cassia) emerged as top candidates based on both bioactivity and economic feasibility. <i>In vivo</i> studies, although limited, supported their positive impact on gut health in broilers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thai HT-rich plants, particularly cassava and Siamese cassia, show strong potential as sustainable feed additives in poultry production. These species offer dual benefits: antimicrobial and gut-modulatory effects and reduced reliance on expensive imported tannins. However, more standardized extraction protocols and large-scale <i>in vivo</i> trials are essential to validate efficacy, optimize dosage, and ensure feed safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2051-2063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal overlap and resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in humans and domestic animals in Brazil: A One Health molecular epidemiology study.","authors":"Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa Ito de Sousa, Herica Makino, Marco Túlio Dos Santos Costa, Stefano Luis Cândido, Kaio Lierlyson Teles Gomes, Cristiane Silva Chitarra, Marco Andrey Pepato, Francisco Kennedy Scofoni Faleiros de Azevedo, Francisco Jose Dutra Souto, Arleana Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida, Valeria Régia Franco Sousa, Luciano Nakazato, Valéria Dutra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2012-2023","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2012-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Close proximity between humans and domestic animals may facilitate zoonotic transmission of MDR strains, underscoring the need for integrated surveillance strategies. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, resistance mechanisms, and virulence gene profiles of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from domestic animals and humans in Mato Grosso, Brazil, within the One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 48 clinical isolates (33 from animals and 15 from humans) were analyzed. Identification was confirmed through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using disk diffusion (animal isolates) and minimum inhibitory concentration (human isolates). Resistance (<i>bla</i> _kpc-2 and <i>bla</i> _NDM) and virulence genes (<i>entB</i>, <i>fimH</i>, <i>wabG</i>, <i>ugE</i>, etc.) were detected through polymerase chain reaction. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on seven housekeeping genes, and sequence types (STs) were assigned using the Pasteur Institute database (Paris, France).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MDR phenotypes were found in 70.83% (34/48) of isolates - 78.78% of animal and 53% of human samples. Virulence genes were present in 77.08% of isolates; <i>entB</i> was the most prevalent (60.61%). The <i>bla</i> _kpc-2 gene was found in three human isolates, and <i>bla</i> _NDM was found in one human and one bovine isolate. MLST revealed 39 STs, including 9 novel ones. Clonal complexes (CC)258 (human), CC15 (animal), and CC147 (both species) indicated potential interspecies transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first comprehensive molecular epidemiological snapshot of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in domestic animals and humans in Mato Grosso. The discovery of shared clonal complexes and high MDR rates demands urgent cross-sectoral surveillance and control strategies under the One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2012-2023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (c.149G>A) in the bovine <i>leptin</i> gene and its association with growth traits in Madura cattle.","authors":"Kuswati Kuswati, Irida Novianti, Rizki Prafitri, Wike Andre Septian, Rafika Febriani Putri, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha, Ahmad Furqon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2072-2077","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2072-2077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The <i>leptin</i> (<i>LEP</i>) gene plays a pivotal role in regulating growth, metabolism, and fat deposition in cattle. Genetic polymorphisms in this gene can influence phenotypic traits and may serve as molecular markers for selection in breeding programs. However, comprehensive characterization of <i>LEP</i> gene variants in local Indonesian breeds, such as Madura cattle, remains limited. This study aimed to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within exon 2 of the bovine <i>LEP</i> gene and assess their association with growth traits in Madura cattle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five Madura cows (aged 2-4 years) were phenotypically evaluated for body weight (BW), wither height (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), hip height (HH), head length (HL), and head width (HW). Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Detected SNPs were analyzed for genotype and allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and their associations with growth traits using a general linear model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three SNPs were identified in exon 2 of the <i>LEP</i> gene: c.126T>C (synonymous), c.148T>C (missense), and a novel missense SNP c.149G>A, resulting in a cysteine to tyrosine substitution at amino acid position 50. The c.149G>A SNP showed polymorphism with three genotypes (GG, GA, AA), and the heterozygous GA genotype had the highest frequency (64.4%). This SNP deviated from HWE (p < 0.05), indicating potential selection pressure or population structure effects. While no statistically significant associations were found between genotypes and growth traits (p > 0.05), the AA genotype showed the highest mean values across most body measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the novel c.149G>A SNP was not significantly associated with growth traits, its polymorphic nature and descriptive trait patterns suggest it may have biological relevance. Larger-scale studies are recommended to validate its utility as a genetic marker for growth and development in Madura cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2072-2077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective bactericidal efficacy of 465-nm blue light phototherapy against standard and canine wound pathogens: An <i>in vitro</i> evaluation.","authors":"Pimsiri Ngowwatana, Naruepon Kampa, Somphong Hoisang, Suvaluk Seesupa, Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Saikam Chaimongkol, Preenun Jitasombuti, Supranee Jitpean, Thanikul Srithunyarat, Chalermkwan Nonthakotr, Nitaya Boonbal, Piyasak Wipoosak, Duangdaun Kaenkangploo","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2064-2071","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2064-2071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antibiotic resistance poses a growing threat to wound management in veterinary medicine. Blue light phototherapy has emerged as a non-antibiotic bactericidal alternative with additional benefits for wound healing. However, its effectiveness in clinical veterinary contexts remains inadequately explored. This study evaluated the bactericidal efficacy of 465-nm blue light against standard pathogens and bacteria isolated from infected canine wounds, aiming to determine optimal energy doses for clinical use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three standard bacterial strains - <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 25923), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ATCC 27853), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922) - along with five clinical isolates from canine wounds, were exposed to 465-nm blue light at energy doses of 28, 56, and 112 J/cm² (15, 30, and 60 min, respectively). Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified post-irradiation and compared to non-irradiated controls. Statistical significance was assessed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>P. aeruginosa</i> (ATCC 27853) exhibited significant, dose-dependent inhibition at all energy doses, resulting in reductions of 36.3%, 60.5%, and 82.8%. Clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates demonstrated 21.1% and 78.8% inhibition at 56 and 112 J/cm², respectively (p < 0.05). <i>E. coli</i> (ATCC 25922) was significantly inhibited only at 112 J/cm² (46.4% reduction, p = 0.045). No significant reductions were observed for <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i>, clinical <i>E. coli</i>, or <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> at any dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blue light at 465-nm exhibits selective bactericidal activity, effectively inhibiting <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i> (ATCC), with efficacy dependent on bacterial species and applied energy dose. Its limited effect on other pathogens underscores the importance of species-specific treatment planning. Higher energy doses (112 J/cm²) may be required in unknown or mixed infections. Further investigation is recommended to refine device specifications and assess clinical utility in veterinary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2064-2071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic diversity of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 8b associated with inclusion body hepatitis in Thai chickens.","authors":"Tawatchai Pohuang, Kanlaya Worawong, Kingkarn Sarachu, Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Sucheeva Junnu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1685-1693","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1685-1693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an acute and economically significant disease in poultry, caused by fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV), particularly serotypes belonging to species D and E. In Thailand, outbreaks of IBH associated with FAdV have been sporadically reported since 2007, yet comprehensive molecular surveillance remains limited. This study aimed to detect, molecularly characterize, and phylogenetically analyze FAdV strains associated with IBH in commercial broiler and breeder chicken farms across four provinces in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 28 liver samples were collected from chickens exhibiting clinical signs of IBH in Kanchanaburi, Chonburi, Lopburi, and Songkhla Provinces between June and December 2024. Gross and histopathological examinations were conducted, followed by a polymerase chain reaction targeting the hexon gene. Six representative positive samples were subjected to DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11 software. Comparative amino acid sequence analysis was also performed to evaluate potential strain divergence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 28 samples tested positive for FAdV, with gross pathology revealing pale, friable, and hemorrhagic livers. Histopathological analysis confirmed multifocal hepatic necrosis with characteristic basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified all isolates as FAdV species E, serotype 8b. The isolates shared 94.73%-100% nucleotide similarity with reference strains from China, Indonesia, and Turkey. Phylogenetic clustering revealed two distinct groups among the Thai isolates, associated with specific amino acid substitutions at positions 17, 19, 20, 22, and 37 of the hexon gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study represents the first report of FAdV-E serotype 8b as the causative agent of IBH outbreaks in multiple commercial broiler and breeder chicken farms in Thailand. The detection of two phylogenetically distinct groups suggests the concurrent circulation of genetically diverse strains, potentially linked to vertical transmission routes. These findings underscore the urgent need for molecular surveillance, vaccination strategies utilizing local strains, and enhanced biosecurity measures to mitigate the spread of FAdV in the Thai poultry industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1685-1693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}