Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effects of <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em>-ginger phytogenic pellet on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and enteric methane mitigation in Thai native beef cattle.","authors":"Parichat Wadjeam, Kampanat Phesatcha, Maharach Matra, Thiwakorn Ampapon, Burarat Phesatcha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2802-2815","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2802-2815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminants contribute substantially to greenhouse gas accumulation and represent an energy loss that reduces feed efficiency. Phytogenic feed additives rich in bioactive compounds have attracted attention as sustainable alternatives to manipulate rumen fermentation. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>-ginger phytogenic pellet (LGP) and determine its effects on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and CH₄ mitigation in Thai native beef cattle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four female Thai native beef cattle (230 ± 10 kg) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Animals received a basal diet consisting of concentrate at 1.0% of body weight and rice straw, supplemented with LGP at 0, 50, 100, or 150 g/head/day. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood metabolites, microbial populations, and microbial protein synthesis were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LGP supplementation did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, or blood urea nitrogen levels (p > 0.05). However, supplementation improved dry matter digestibility, increasing from 55.4% to 60.0%, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, increasing from 60.1% to 67.6% (p < 0.05). The highest supplementation level (150 g/head/day) increased ruminal propionate concentration to 28.8 mol/100 mol and enhanced bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis, reaching 68.1 g N/day (p < 0.05). Protozoal counts declined to 4.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL, accompanied by a reduction in estimated CH₄ production to 23.7 mM/L (p < 0.05). No adverse health effects or clinical signs associated with mimosine toxicity were observed throughout the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation with LGP at 150 g/head/day effectively improved rumen fermentation efficiency, enhanced fiber utilization and microbial protein synthesis, increased propionate production, and reduced protozoal populations and enteric CH₄ formation. These findings demonstrate the synergistic potential of <i>L. leucocephala</i> and ginger as a practical phytogenic feed additive to improve rumen function and promote environmentally sustainable beef production under tropical conditions. Further long-term studies involving direct CH₄ measurements and production performance evaluations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2802-2815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian rhythm of heart rate variability in tropical horses: age-associated autonomic alterations and environmental air pollution effects in an urban field setting.","authors":"Ashannut Isawirodom, Jakkawat Pongsumpun, Phawita Sangsasithorn, Pongsakorn Petchkaew, Nuttapon Satumay, Kannika Na Lampang, Wanpitak Pongkan, Porrakote Rungsri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2899-2914","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2899-2914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic nervous system activity and is influenced by age, environmental conditions, and circadian rhythms. Information regarding these interactions in horses maintained under tropical conditions remains limited. This study aimed to characterize 24-h heart rate (HR) and HRV patterns in horses raised under tropical conditions and to investigate the effects of aging and environmental factors, including air pollution, on autonomic regulation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen clinically healthy horses aged 4-20 years were allocated to three age groups: 4-7 years, 8-14 years, and 15-20 years (n = 5 per group). Continuous 24-h recordings of HR and HRV were obtained using a Polar H10 sensor. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV indices were analyzed using Kubios Scientific software. Simultaneously, environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity, feels-like temperature, light intensity, air quality index (AQI), and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), were continuously monitored under field conditions in Bangkok, Thailand. Circadian variations, age-associated differences, and correlations between HRV and environmental variables were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only HR and normal-to-normal intervals differed significantly between daytime and nighttime, whereas other HRV indices exhibited limited circadian variation, indicating attenuated nocturnal parasympathetic predominance. Older horses (15-20 years) demonstrated significantly lower parasympathetic-related indices, including root mean square of successive differences (59.44 ± 7.25 ms) and high-frequency (HF) power (805.60 ± 213.37 ms²), compared with younger groups (p < 0.05). Total power was reduced, whereas the low-frequency (LF)/HF ratio increased with age, suggesting diminished autonomic flexibility and sympathetic predominance. Air pollution variables showed significant associations with autonomic imbalance. Both AQI and PM2.5 were negatively correlated with HRV indices, including root mean square of successive differences, percentage of normal-to-normal intervals differing by >100 ms, and HF power, while showing positive correlations with the LF/HF ratio (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tropical horses exhibited blunted circadian autonomic modulation and age-related reductions in parasympathetic activity. Furthermore, elevated PM2.5 and AQI levels were associated with impaired autonomic balance, providing the first evidence linking ambient air pollution with resting HRV alterations in horses. These findings emphasize the importance of age-specific management and environmental monitoring to promote equine welfare in tropical urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2899-2914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term evaluation of a zoned catch-neuter-vaccinate-release program integrating owner engagement and buffer zone strategies for humane dog population management and rabies control in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.","authors":"Chamith Nanayakkara, Udaya Ayeshmantha Wijayawardana, Arundi Aparnavi Jayasekara","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2816-2849","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2816-2849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Catch-neuter-vaccinate-release (CNVR) is recognized as a humane and sustainable strategy for controlling free-roaming dog populations and eliminating dog-mediated rabies. However, long-term evaluations incorporating spatial planning and community participation remain scarce. This study assessed a five-year zoned CNVR program integrating owner engagement and a peripheral buffer zone strategy in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a religious heritage city affected by frequent puppy dumping and high densities of free-roaming dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From 2021 to 2025, sexually intact free-roaming dogs were captured along predefined routes with standardized effort, while owned dogs were voluntarily presented to clinics. The municipality was divided into three zones according to anthropogenic characteristics, and a surrounding buffer zone was progressively intensified. Population trends were analyzed using negative binomial regression models. A questionnaire survey conducted in 2025 evaluated anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) and sterilization coverage among owned dogs. Spatial and household-level factors influencing coverage were examined using generalized linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of free-roaming dogs requiring sterilization declined from 1,368 in 2021 to 484 in 2025. Although annual declines in community dog counts per unit effort were not statistically significant, buffer zone interventions produced significant sex- and zone-specific effects, reducing male populations in zone 1 and female populations in zone 3. Owned dog numbers increased by 14.7% annually, primarily because female ownership increased by 24.1%. More than 78% of adult female dogs were sterilized. Questionnaire responses from 1,123 participants showed that 94.2% and 83.1% of owned dogs within and outside the municipality, respectively, had received at least one ARV, while annual vaccination coverage was 74.2% and 68.9%, respectively. Household-level analyses demonstrated that geographic location, rather than the number of dogs per household, explained most of the variation in vaccination and sterilization coverage, identifying several low-coverage locations that require targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strategically zoned CNVR program incorporating owner participation and a boundary-sealing buffer zone effectively promoted humane management of the dog population and improved rabies control. Spatially targeted interventions and continued vaccination and sterilization campaigns are essential for achieving sustainable elimination of dog-mediated rabies in culturally complex urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2816-2849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cassava waste- and tofu waste-based concentrate formulations on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and economic returns of Madura and Madrasin bulls under smallholder production systems.","authors":"Kusmartono Kusmartono, Mashudi Mashudi, Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru, Aprilia Dwi Kartika Karen Jean Harper, Stephen Todd Morris","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2787-2801","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2787-2801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Feed scarcity and the high cost of commercial concentrates remain major constraints to beef production under Indonesian smallholder systems. Agricultural by-products such as cassava and tofu waste offer potential low-cost alternatives, but information on their combined utilization and breed-specific responses remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different cassava waste- and tofu waste-based concentrate formulations on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and economic returns in indigenous Madura and Madrasin (Madura × Limousin) bulls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty bulls (20 Madura and 20 Madrasin; 2.0-2.5 years old) were used in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design. Four concentrate formulations containing increasing levels of cassava waste (19%-34%) and decreasing levels of tofu waste (20%-5%) were supplied together with native grass. Feed chemical composition was determined, and dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, digestibility coefficients, liveweight gain (LWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed cost (IOFC) were measured. Data were analyzed using mixed-model analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing cassava waste inclusion enhanced DMI, with the highest value observed in Madrasin bulls receiving the T4 diet (7.19 kg/day). Dry matter digestibility ranged from 75.06% to 79.77%, whereas organic matter digestibility ranged from 76.77% to 81.21%. Crude protein digestibility remained relatively stable among treatments. Despite differences in intake and digestibility, LWG (0.62-0.83 kg/day) and FCR (7.58-9.64) were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Madrasin bulls consistently exhibited greater nutrient intake, superior fiber utilization, higher average daily gain, and greater economic returns than Madura bulls. IOFC reached a maximum of IDR 44,456/day in Madrasin bulls. Importantly, increasing cassava waste from 19% to 34% did not adversely affect growth performance or profitability, indicating that dietary flexibility could be achieved without compromising productive efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cassava waste and tofu waste can be effectively combined in concentrate formulations for beef cattle under smallholder conditions. Inclusion of cassava waste up to 34% maintained growth performance, feed efficiency, and profitability while reducing dependence on commercial concentrates. Madrasin bulls exhibited superior productive and economic performance; however, balanced breeding strategies are required to enhance productivity while supporting conservation of the indigenous Madura cattle. These findings provide practical evidence for developing resilient, low-cost, and sustainable feeding systems based on locally available agricultural by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2787-2801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection, genetic characterization, and phylogenetic relationships of <em>Theileria orientalis</em> in cattle and associated ticks from Wasit Province, Iraq.","authors":"Abbas H K Sray, Ghassan J K Al-Abedi, Thuraya Khaled Abdulwahed, Israa M Essa, Zeid Alsadoon, Hasanain A J Gharban","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2850-2863","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2850-2863","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Theileria&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;orientalis&lt;/i&gt; is an emerging tick-borne hemoprotozoan that has become a major cause of bovine theileriosis, leading to anemia, reduced productivity, and substantial economic losses in cattle. Despite increasing reports from neighboring countries, molecular epidemiological information and phylogenetic evidence for &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; in Iraq remain scarce. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; in cattle and their naturally infesting ticks in Wasit Province, Iraq; identify host-associated risk factors; and characterize the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of local isolates relative to global reference strains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 naturally tick-infested cattle from Wasit Province, Iraq, during July-August 2025. Whole blood and corresponding tick samples were collected from each animal. Genomic DNA was extracted and screened for &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; using conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting the &lt;i&gt;18S rRNA&lt;/i&gt; gene. Positive amplicons were sequenced by Sanger sequencing, followed by sequence alignment, GenBank submission, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11. Associations between infection and animal-related risk factors were evaluated using Chi-square analysis, odds ratio, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Molecular analysis detected &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; DNA in 21/170 (12.35%) cattle and 16/170 (9.41%) tick samples. Infection prevalence differed significantly according to age and sex. Cattle aged &gt;3-6 years exhibited the highest infection risk, whereas male cattle showed significantly greater positivity and relative risk than females. Sequence analysis demonstrated high genetic conservation among Iraqi isolates. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all cattle isolates clustered closely with a Turkish &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; isolate (HQ197736.1), whereas tick isolates showed close genetic relationships with Turkish isolates (HQ197736.1 and OR211412.1) and a Chinese isolate (PQ207062.1), suggesting regional genetic connectivity and possible transboundary circulation of &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; lineages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides the first molecular detection and comprehensive phylogenetic characterization of &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; simultaneously in cattle and associated tick vectors from Wasit Province, Iraq. The findings establish the first molecular evidence linking genetically related cattle and tick isolates in the country and provide an important baseline for understanding the epidemiology of oriental theileriosis. Expanded nationwide molecular surveillance, genotype-specific characterization using additional genetic markers, and integrated tick management programs are warranted to improve disease monitoring and reduce the impact of &lt;i&gt;T. orientalis&lt;/i&gt; infection on the Iraqi ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2850-2863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth-maturity-egg production trade-offs and candidate gene associations with egg-laying persistency in slow-growing Thai native chickens.","authors":"Wootichai Kenchaiwong, Wuttigrai Boonkum, Jennarong Kammongkun, Khanitta Pengmeesri, Thassawan Somchan, Doungnapa Promket","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2685-2702","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2685-2702","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Slow-growing Thai native chickens are valuable genetic resources for sustainable poultry production under tropical conditions, but their reproductive efficiency is constrained by trade-offs among growth, sexual maturity, egg production, and egg-laying persistency. This study investigated the multivariate structure and genetic basis of these trade-offs and evaluated trait-specific associations between candidate gene polymorphisms and estimated breeding values (EBVs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Phenotypic, pedigree, and genotypic data were obtained from 563 female Pradu Hang Dum chickens across two generations. Growth performance, reproductive timing, egg production, and egg-laying persistency traits were recorded over a 365-day laying cycle. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize trait clustering. Genetic parameters and correlations were estimated using single- and bivariate animal models with average information restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Candidate gene polymorphisms in dopamine receptor D2 (&lt;i&gt;DRD2&lt;/i&gt;), vasoactive intestinal peptide (&lt;i&gt;VIP&lt;/i&gt;), melatonin receptor 1C (&lt;i&gt;MTNR1C&lt;/i&gt;), and neuropeptide Y (&lt;i&gt;NPY&lt;/i&gt;) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and analyzed for associations with EBVs using linear mixed models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;PCA identified four principal components explaining 71.7% of the total phenotypic variance, clearly separating growth, sexual maturity, egg production output, and egg-laying persistency. Heritability estimates were high for birth weight (0.72), moderate for body weight at age at first egg (0.47) and persistency ratio (0.43), and low for cumulative egg number traits (0.08-0.12). Genetic correlations between egg number and persistency were strongly negative (-0.70 to -0.88). Candidate gene analyses detected significant genotype-dependent differences in EBVs for cumulative egg number at 360 days associated with &lt;i&gt;DRD2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;VIP&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;NPY&lt;/i&gt; (p &lt; 0.01), and &lt;i&gt;MTNR1C&lt;/i&gt; (p &lt; 0.05). Birds carrying the &lt;i&gt;VIP&lt;/i&gt; DD genotype exhibited superior EBVs for egg number at 270 and 360 days, whereas the &lt;i&gt;DRD2&lt;/i&gt; CC genotype showed significantly higher genetic merit for egg number at 360 days than the TT genotype. In contrast, the &lt;i&gt;NPY&lt;/i&gt; SS and &lt;i&gt;MTNR1C&lt;/i&gt; AA genotypes were associated with reduced egg production. No significant associations were detected between these candidate genes and growth or persistency traits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Egg-laying persistency represents a distinct biological dimension from growth and egg number in Thai native chickens. Incorporation of persistency into EBV-based multi-trait selection programs, together with the complementary use of candidate gene markers, may enhance long-term productivity and sustainability of indigenous chickens under tropical production systems. These findings provide a foundation fo","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2685-2702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological impacts of antibiotic residues in animal-derived fermented foods: Mechanisms, detection challenges, regulatory gaps, and mitigation strategies.","authors":"Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene, Bassa Zacharie Carime, Parfait Kezimana, Ibrahim Khelifi, Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares, Elena Vasilyeva, Nadezhda Sachivkina, Maria Molchanova, Natallia Zhabo, Marina Avdonina, Ntolo Bomba Arly Thérèse","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2991-3007","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2991-3007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2991-3007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective efficacy of concomitant day-old vaccination with live-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines (1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42) against a Thai QX-like IBV challenge in commercial broilers.","authors":"Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, Boonkhwan Wongyounoi, Doan Hoang Phu, Niwat Chansiripornchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3256-3267","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3256-3267","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major cause of respiratory disease and economic loss in commercial poultry production, particularly with the emergence and widespread circulation of QX-like variants. In Thailand, these strains continue to challenge existing vaccination programs because of their genetic diversity and limited cross-protection afforded by conventional vaccines. This study evaluated the protective efficacy of concomitant day-old administration of two live-attenuated IBV vaccines (1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42) against challenge with a Thai QX-like IBV strain in commercial broiler chickens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventy day-old Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to vaccinated, positive control, and negative control groups. Birds in the vaccinated group received concomitant ocular administration of the 1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42 vaccines at hatch and were challenged at 21 days of age with a Thai QX-like IBV strain (10⁴ median embryo infectious dose [EID₅₀]/0.1 mL). Protective efficacy was evaluated using tracheal ciliostasis protection score (CPS), binomial protection score (BPS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for viral detection, serological responses determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and body weight measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test, with p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Vaccinated broilers exhibited significantly improved tracheal protection compared with unvaccinated challenged controls, achieving a CPS of 58.5% and a BPS of 100%, whereas positive control birds demonstrated complete ciliostasis (CPS = 0%). Viral detection was reduced in vaccinated birds, although the reduction was not statistically significant. Vaccinated birds also developed significantly higher antibody titers after challenge than negative controls (p &lt; 0.05), indicating enhanced humoral immunity. Body weight at 26 days of age remained significantly lower in both challenged groups than in unchallenged controls, suggesting that vaccination only partially mitigated the adverse effects of IBV infection on growth performance. No mortality occurred during the experimental period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Concomitant day-old administration of the 1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42 live-attenuated vaccines provided measurable cross-protection against a Thai QX-like IBV challenge by preserving tracheal ciliary function, enhancing antibody responses, and reducing viral detection in commercial broilers. This hatchery-applicable vaccination strategy represents a practical approach for improving early protection against circulating QX-like IBV strains in Thailand. Nevertheless, protection remained partial, and additional studies involving larger populations, diverse circulating variants, quantitative viral load assessment, and commerci","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3256-3267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with gac (<em>Momordica cochinchinensis</em>) aril powder and oil enhances coloration, hemato-biochemical parameters, and immunity-related gene expression in ornamental goldfish.","authors":"Anurak Khieokhajonkhet, Wirasinee Noitang, Niran Aeksiri, Narongrit Muangmai, Kumrop Ratanasut, Wilasinee Inyawilert, Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree, Pattaraporn Tatsapong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3008-3026","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3008-3026","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The use of plant-derived functional feed additives has gained increasing attention as a sustainable strategy to improve fish health and reduce dependence on synthetic pigments and chemotherapeutics in aquaculture. Gac (&lt;i&gt;Momordica&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;cochinchinensis&lt;/i&gt;) arils are rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, their application in ornamental fish nutrition remains largely unexplored. This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation with gac aril powder (GP) and gac aril oil (GO) on growth performance, pigmentation, hemato-biochemical parameters, liver histology, and immunity-related gene expression in ornamental goldfish (&lt;i&gt;Carassius auratus&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared: a control diet without supplementation, GP at 10 and 30 g/kg (GP10 and GP30), and GO at 5 and 10 g/kg (GO5 and GO10). Goldfish (20 fish per tank; three replicates per treatment) were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation for 10 weeks in a flow-through system. Growth performance, feed utilization, body coloration, tissue carotenoid deposition, hematological and serum biochemical indices, liver histology, and hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (&lt;i&gt;TNF-α&lt;/i&gt;), interleukin (&lt;i&gt;IL-1β&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;IL-10&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;lysozyme&lt;/i&gt;, and heat shock protein 70 (&lt;i&gt;HSP-70&lt;/i&gt;) were evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Neither GP nor GO significantly affected growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, somatic indices, whole-body composition, or liver histology. Nevertheless, dietary supplementation significantly improved protein productive value, with the highest value observed in GP30. GO10 markedly enhanced skin redness, particularly in the abdominal and caudal regions, and significantly increased carotenoid accumulation in muscle, skin, liver, and serum, whereas GP30 produced the highest carotenoid deposition in fins. Both GP and GO increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, while GO supplementation also elevated white blood cell count. GO10 significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, GP and GO upregulated &lt;i&gt;IL-1β&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;IL-10&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;lysozyme&lt;/i&gt; expression, with GO10 producing the strongest immunostimulatory response, including approximately 20-, 26-, and 36-fold increases in &lt;i&gt;TNF-α&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;IL-10&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;lysozyme&lt;/i&gt;, respectively, whereas &lt;i&gt;HSP-70&lt;/i&gt; expression remained unchanged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Dietary supplementation with gac aril products, particularly 10 g/kg GO, effectively enhanced pigmentation, carotenoid deposition, hematological and lipid metabolic profiles, and innate immune-related gene expression without compromising growth performance o","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3008-3026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to dairy cattle influences virulence gene profiles of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in humans: Antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin, biofilm, and immune evasion determinants in Jordan.","authors":"Ibrahim M Alzuheir, Mohammad H Gharaibeh, Myassar O Alekish, Ismail M Malkawi, Farah R Al Oudsi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3246-3255","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3246-3255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, particularly methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA), is a major zoonotic pathogen. This study assessed the prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> and MRSA among individuals in close occupational contact with dairy cattle in Jordan and characterized the recovered MRSA isolates for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), enterotoxin, biofilm, and immune evasion gene profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. Nasal swabs were collected from 100 cattle-exposed individuals and 100 non-exposed controls. <i>S. aureus</i> was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>nuc</i> gene, and MRSA was confirmed by <i>mecA</i> detection. Multiplex PCR assays screened for AMR genes, virulence gene profiles (VGP1-VGP8), biofilm genes, and immune evasion genes. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the chi-square test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>S. aureus</i> was isolated from 82/200 (41.0%) samples, with MRSA comprising 63/82 (76.8%) isolates (32 from exposed and 31 from non-exposed individuals). The <i>blaZ</i> gene was detected in 100% of exposed and 83.9% of non-exposed MRSA isolates. Tetracycline resistance genes (<i>tetK</i> and <i>tetM</i>) were highly prevalent in both groups. Biofilm-associated genes (<i>icaA</i> and <i>icaD</i>) were present in 100% of isolates. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for several virulence genes: <i>selr</i>, <i>hlg</i>, and <i>etd</i> were more common in exposed isolates, while <i>selp</i> and <i>sak</i> were more prevalent in non-exposed isolates. The <i>etd</i> gene was detected exclusively in exposed isolates (50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human MRSA isolates from both groups showed high AMR, biofilm formation, and virulence potential, indicating substantial zoonotic risk. Occupational exposure to dairy cattle was associated with distinct virulence gene signatures. These findings emphasize the need for continuous molecular surveillance and One Health interventions to mitigate MRSA transmission at the livestock-human interface in Jordan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3246-3255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}