Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Radiation-induced skin regeneration: A comparative efficacy and safety analysis of alpha, beta, and gamma modalities in murine models.","authors":"Madyan Ahmed Khalaf, Marwan Noori Mohammed, Baida M Ahmed, Sahar A H Al-Sharqi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1168-1179","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1168-1179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The therapeutic application of ionizing radiation in wound healing, especially with alpha, beta, and gamma modalities, remains largely unexplored despite its potential for enhancing regenerative processes. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the efficacy and safety of alpha radiation (IG-A), beta radiation (IG-B), and gamma radiation (IG-G) modalities in promoting skin regeneration using a murine model of full-thickness excisional wounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty male BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups (n = 5 per group): IG-A, IG-B, IG-G, and an untreated control group (CG). Following surgical induction of full-thickness wounds (8 mm diameter), irradiation groups received 15 min of exposure at four intervals post-surgery using americium-241 (alpha), strontium-91 (beta), and cesium-137 (gamma). Wound healing was monitored macroscopically and microscopically on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Histological and biochemical assessments included collagen synthesis, epithelialization, neovascularization, and growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]) quantification. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IG-A significantly accelerated wound healing, achieving approximately 100% wound closure by day 10 compared to 90% and 80% in beta and gamma radiation groups, respectively. Control wounds demonstrated only 38% closure. Histopathological analysis indicated enhanced collagen deposition, neovascularization, sebaceous gland regeneration, and complete epithelialization primarily in the alpha-treated group. Biochemical assays revealed significantly elevated VEGF and PDGF levels in irradiated groups, with IG-A exhibiting the highest expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IG-A demonstrated superior efficacy in accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration compared to beta and gamma modalities. This novel finding suggests a potential therapeutic role for IG-A in clinical wound management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1168-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competing microorganisms with exclusion effects against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in chicken litter supplemented with growth-promoting antimicrobials.","authors":"María Alejandra Ospina Barrero, Maryeimy Varón-López, Lina M Peñuela-Sierra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1127-1136","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1127-1136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The widespread use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production has been implicated in altering gut microbiota and promoting the excretion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria into the environment. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Infantis (<i>Salmonella</i> Infantis [S.I]), a prevalent zoonotic pathogen, has demonstrated increasing resistance in poultry systems. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural control microorganisms (NCM), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, in reducing the abundance of MDR S.I in fresh chicken litter from birds raised with or without AGP supplementation. It also examined how physicochemical properties and microbial dynamics influence pathogen persistence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Microcosms were constructed using litter from broilers raised under two dietary regimes (with and without avilamycin). Treatments included combinations of AGP, S.I, and NCM. Bacterial enumeration was performed using selective media, and whole-genome sequencing of S.I was conducted to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Physicochemical parameters (pH, humidity, temperature, and ammonia) were measured and correlated with microbial loads. Antagonistic activity of NCM strains was assessed using agar diffusion assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genome analysis revealed that S.I carried multiple resistance genes (e.g., <i>bla</i>CTX-M-<i>65</i>, <i>tet(A)</i>, and <i>sul1</i>) and efflux systems conferring MDR. <i>In vitro</i> assays showed strong antagonism by <i>L. plantarum</i> and moderate activity by <i>B. subtilis</i>. In microcosms, S.I counts significantly decreased in the presence of both AGP and NCM, indicating synergistic inhibition. Conversely, in the absence of AGP, NCM had a limited effect. Statistical analyses showed strong correlations between microbial groups and physicochemical variables, particularly during later production stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> in chicken litter significantly reduced S.I colonization under AGP supplementation, suggesting their potential as biocontrol agents. These findings support the development of integrated litter management strategies to mitigate zoonotic and resistant pathogen dissemination, particularly in AGP-using systems. However, the effectiveness of such interventions may vary across farms due to differences in microbial ecology and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1127-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in male fertility: Protective role of resveratrol and disruptive effects of CH223191 in adult male rats.","authors":"Ghadeer Sabah Bustani, Hasan Falah Kashef Alghetaa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1274-1287","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1274-1287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis through its regulatory functions in redox balance and gene expression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic AhR modulator, and CH223191, a selective AhR antagonist, on male reproductive function in rats by assessing sperm quality, oxidative stress, testicular histopathology, and <i>AhR</i> gene expression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Control, (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle), (iii) RES (100 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly), and (iv) AhR¯ (CH223191, 10 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly), treated for 60 days. Post-treatment, sperm motility, survival, viability, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, testicular histopathology, and <i>AhR</i> gene expression quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RES significantly enhanced sperm motility, survival, and viability, reduced DNA fragmentation, and increased TAC while decreasing MDA levels. Histologically, RES preserved normal testicular architecture. In contrast, AhR inhibition through CH223191 led to marked reductions in sperm quality, elevated oxidative stress, increased DNA fragmentation, and severe testicular degeneration. qPCR analysis revealed upregulation of AhR expression in the RES group (fold change: +23.1%) and significant downregulation in the AhR¯ group (fold change: -72.6%), indicating differential modulation of AhR signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RES positively modulates AhR activity, safeguarding testicular structure and enhancing sperm quality through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Conversely, AhR antagonism disrupts spermatogenesis, underscoring the receptor's essential role in male fertility. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of AhR-targeting agents like RES in ameliorating male reproductive dysfunctions associated with oxidative stress and xenobiotic exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1274-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lintang Winantya Firdausy, Faisal Fikri, Arya Pradana Wicaksono, Hakan Çalışkan, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease with significant implications for animal health and rural livelihoods in Indonesia. Despite surveillance efforts, comprehensive national-level estimates of its prevalence in domesticated animals remain lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of trypanosomiasis across Indonesian provinces, identify contributing factors, and assess trends over time using a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) for articles published between 1988 and 2024. Eligible studies reported primary prevalence data of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals within Indonesia. A total of 18 studies with 4,295 samples met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using R Studio 4.4.2. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on animal host, diagnostic method, province, and study period. Heterogeneity was assessed through I² and τ² statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals across Indonesia was 31.23% (95% confidence interval: 24.67-37.78), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 98.1%). Buffaloes exhibited the highest infection rate at 51.46%, followed by cattle (33.99%), whereas horses and dogs had notably lower rates (<6%). Provinces with the highest reported prevalence included Lampung (75.05%) and Central Kalimantan (75.00%). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the most frequently used and sensitive diagnostic method. Meta-regression revealed a declining trend over time (p = 0.0002), although high variability persisted between regions and diagnostic tools.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trypanosomiasis remains endemic among domesticated animals in Indonesia, with a substantial pooled prevalence and marked regional variability. The findings underscore the need for improved surveillance, implementation of standardized diagnostic tools, and integrated vector management strategies. Future research should focus on ecological risk factors, seasonality, and the zoonotic potential of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> to support evidence-based control interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1333-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the microbiome of <i>Hyalomma</i> Koch, 1844 ticks using next-generation sequencing of the <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene.","authors":"Mohamad Taha Al Masri, Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1090-1100","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1090-1100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Ticks are critical vectors of pathogens affecting humans and livestock globally. The microbiome of ticks, comprising diverse bacterial communities, plays a crucial role in tick biology and vector competence. <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks are prominent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and are known carriers of significant pathogens. This study aimed to systematically evaluate existing literature regarding the microbiome composition of <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks in the MENA region, identify predominant bacterial genera, and highlight knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search covered studies published between 2014 and 2024 employing <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene sequencing to analyze microbiomes of <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks within the MENA region. Studies not fulfilling these criteria were excluded through independent assessment by two authors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,220 screened articles, seven studies met inclusion criteria, involving five <i>Hyalomma</i> species: <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>, <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, <i>Hyalomma excavatum</i>, <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i>, and <i>Hyalomma scupense</i>. Most studies (57.14%) focused on <i>H. dromedarii</i>, primarily collected from camels. The geographical distribution of studies included the United Arab Emirates (42.86%), Saudi Arabia (28.57%), Iran (14.29%), and Tunisia (14.29%). Common bacterial genera identified across multiple studies included <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Francisella</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium</i>. However, substantial gaps were noted, particularly concerning variations related to tick lifecycle stages, host interactions, temporal dynamics, and extensive geographic coverage within the MENA region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review underscores the presence of key bacterial genera within <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks across the MENA region, revealing their potential roles in tick biology and pathogen transmission. Major research gaps identified include limited geographical scope, insufficient exploration of microbiome variation across tick life stages, host-specific interactions, and the environmental factors influencing microbial communities. Addressing these gaps through comprehensive, longitudinal, and multi-regional studies is imperative for improving public health strategies and developing targeted tick-control methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1090-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from swine and poultry farms in Cambodia.","authors":"Bunna Chea, Sokom Kong, Sokha Thim, Naiheak Ban, Rithy Chrun, Vutey Venn, Cherry Fernandez-Colorado, Kroesna Kang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.918-926","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.918-926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in livestock farming has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, posing a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from swine and poultry in small- and medium-scale farms in Cambodia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 638 fecal samples (273 rectal swabs from swine and 365 cloacal swabs from poultry) were collected from five provinces in Cambodia from June to September 2021. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolation followed ISO 6579:2002 guidelines, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method, adhering to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020 standards. Resistance was assessed against nine antimicrobial agents across five major classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, <i>Salmonella</i> was detected in 6.58% (42/638) of samples, with 6.96% (19/273) from swine and 6.30% (23/365) from poultry. Swine-derived isolates exhibited the highest prevalence in the growing stage (13.93%), whereas poultry isolates were most common in avian broilers (14.55%). High resistance was observed against β-lactams (penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin), tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, with resistance rates ranging from 73.81% to 100%. Fluoroquinolone resistance (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) was moderate (29.77%), while aminoglycoside resistance (gentamicin) was low (2.38%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns were identified in 91.30% (21/23) of poultry isolates and 52.63% (10/19) of swine isolates, with resistance spanning three to five antimicrobial classes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of <i>Salmonella</i> in Cambodian swine and poultry farms and its high level of MDR underscore the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study highlights the risk of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> transmission through livestock production chains, emphasizing the necessity for stringent regulatory interventions, biosecurity measures, and surveillance programs to mitigate AMR spread in animal agriculture and public health sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"918-926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans with non-specific clinical symptoms in Punjab, India.","authors":"Deepali Gopal Kalambhe, Brindha Sundar, Jasbir Singh Bedi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.819-826","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.819-826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that remains underdiagnosed in humans due to its non-specific clinical presentations. Punjab, India, is particularly vulnerable to brucellosis due to its high-density livestock farming. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in individuals presenting with non-specific clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 137 serum samples were collected from individuals either self-referred or physician-referred for brucellosis testing. The samples were screened using the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and confirmed with the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Data on demographics, symptoms, and occupational exposure were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 17.52% (24/137) of individuals tested positive using STAT, with antibody titers ranging from 80 IU/mL to >2560 IU/mL. Seropositivity was higher in males (20.83%) than in females (9.77%). The highest seropositivity (42.9%) was observed in individuals aged 71-80 years. Among symptomatic individuals (n = 92), fever was the most common symptom (n = 79), followed by joint pain (n = 13). However, 15.6% of asymptomatic individuals also tested positive. No significant association was found between symptoms and seropositivity (p > 0.05). In addition, self-referred individuals (24.1%) had a higher seropositivity rate compared to physician-referred cases (12.7%). Among occupationally exposed individuals, veterinary officers showed the highest seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights a considerable seroprevalence of brucellosis among various symptomatic and among asymptomatic individuals. Given its non-specific clinical manifestations, routine serological screening is recommended, especially for high-risk groups. A One Health approach integrating human and animal health surveillance is crucial for effective disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"819-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of family goat farms and determination of risk factors associated with the sanitary qualities of raw milk and fresh cheese in three production areas in Mexico.","authors":"Israel Daniel Ricardo González, Laura Hernández Andrade, Edith Rojas Anaya, Gary García Espinosa, Susana Elisa Mendoza Elvira","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.927-938","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.927-938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Family goat farming typically involves small herds managed with minimal infrastructure, leading to products of lower hygienic quality. This study aimed to characterize family goat farms in three distinct regions of Mexico (Durango, Campeche, and Querétaro) and to evaluate hygienic-sanitary indicators and associated risk factors affecting the quality of raw milk and fresh cheese.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seven representative family goat farms were selected based on specific inclusion criteria: Absence of reproductive management, seasonal milk production, manual milking, and artisanal cheese production. Paired samples of bulk raw milk and fresh cheese were collected from each farm. Samples underwent microbiological analyses, including total plate count (TPC), total coliform count (TCC), somatic cell count (SCC), and mold and yeast counts. Surveys addressing animal management, milking, cheese manufacturing, and sales practices were administered. Statistical analyses encompassed descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, cluster analysis, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among raw milk samples, only two farms met acceptable standards for TPC, SCC, and yeast counts according to Mexican regulations, while none complied for TCC. Similarly, cheese samples from two farms met standards for TPC, yeast, and molds, though none met the standards for TCC. Risk factors significantly associated with poor hygienic quality included inadequate pen hygiene, improper teat cleaning, failure to apply post-dip treatments, deficient hand washing, unsuitable milking techniques, lack of milk pasteurization, and insufficient refrigeration practices. Cluster analysis identified two distinct farm groups differentiated by management practices and hygienic standards, correlating with substantial differences in microbial quality indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified critical gaps in the implementation of good livestock and manufacturing practices among family goat farms in Mexico. Key risk factors contributing to elevated microbial contamination included poor infrastructure, insufficient hygiene during milking and cheese processing, and inadequate storage conditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of promoting standardized hygienic practices and infrastructure improvements to enhance the sanitary quality of milk and cheese products from family goat farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"927-938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of <i>TLR</i> and <i>CXCR</i> genes in mammary HC11 cells challenged with <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: Implications for mastitis resistance.","authors":"Nova Dilla Yanthi, Anneke Anggraeni, Syahruddin Said, Sugiyono Saputra, Retno Damayanti Soejoedono, Muladno Muladno, Nina Herlina, Ima Fauziah, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Mukh Fajar Nasrulloh, Rida Tiffarent","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1014-1024","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1014-1024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Mastitis remains a major health challenge in dairy cattle, often caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chemokine receptors (CXCRs) play essential roles in the innate immune response of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). However, the differential expression of these genes in response to specific mastitis-causing <i>Bacillus</i> spp. has not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to characterize the temporal gene expression patterns of TLR and CXCR family members in murine mammary epithelial HC11 cells exposed to <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, thereby providing insights into their immunological roles in mastitis pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HC11 cells were cultured and infected with <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> (5 × 10⁷ colony-forming units/mL) and incubated at 37°C with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂ for 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with serum and antibiotics. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, IL-1 alpha (IL-1α), and CXCR1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection. Expression levels were normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and analyzed using ΔCt methods and Spearman correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TLR2 exhibited a biphasic expression pattern, with early upregulation followed by suppression, while TLR4 showed higher expression in response to <i>B. subtilis</i> than <i>B. cereus</i>. IL-6 displayed prolonged expression under <i>B. subtilis</i> challenge but was transient under <i>B. cereus</i> exposure. IL-1α showed consistent expression across both bacterial challenges, suggesting its potential as a stable biomarker for mastitis susceptibility. CXCR1 exhibited delayed but sustained expression, indicative of its role in secondary neutrophil recruitment. IL-8 expression correlated with early immune activation and chemotactic signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The immune response of HC11 MECs to Gram-positive bacterial infection is gene- and pathogen-specific. <i>TLR</i> and <i>CXCR</i> genes show distinct temporal profiles, underscoring their utility in understanding epithelial-driven immune defense. These findings provide molecular insights into mastitis pathogenesis and identify IL-1α, IL-6, and CXCR1 as promising targets for genetic selection and therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1014-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological insights into the occurrence of <i>Lawsonia intracellularis</i> in horses from southern Brazil using flow cytometry.","authors":"Yasmin Ampese Matté, Débora Zini Baldasso, Mariana Antunes Rezende, Jean Francisco Maldaner Lui, Ana Clara Seibel, João Antônio Guizzo, Rafael Frandoloso, Luiz Carlos Kreutz","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.755-762","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.755-762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Lawsonia intracellularis</i> is an obligatory intracellular bacterium associated with equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), which significantly impacts equine health. Despite its clinical relevance, epidemiological and diagnostic approaches for this infection in horses have remained underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response in horses immunized with an experimental vaccine for <i>L. intracellularis</i> and to determine the occurrence of anti-<i>L. intracellularis</i> antibodies in horses from southern Brazil using the flow cytometry antibody test (FCAT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 12 horses were immunized with an experimental vaccine containing inactivated <i>L. intracellularis</i> and adjuvants. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (D0) and every 7 days until day 35 (D35) to monitor the antibody response using FCAT. In addition, serum samples from 79 horses from the North and Northwest regions of Rio Grande do Sul were tested to determine the occurrence of anti-<i>L. intracellularis</i> antibodies. The FCAT protocol was optimized for equine samples, and a cut-off fluorescence threshold was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FCAT demonstrated high accuracy, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92% at a fluorescence cut-off of ≥15%. Immunization triggered a robust humoral response, with a significant increase in fluorescence from day 7 to day 35. In the occurrence analysis, 26% of the horses tested positive for anti-<i>L. intracellularis</i> antibodies. The highest occurrence was observed in females (35.8%) and horses aged 16-22 years (50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided evidence that <i>L. intracellularis</i> infection is relatively common among horses in southern Brazil. FCAT was a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for detecting anti-<i>L. intracellularis</i> antibodies in horses. The findings highlight the need for better diagnostic and preventive measures to control EPE in equine populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"755-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}