Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Mid-gestational luteal insufficiency in predisposed dog breeds: Retrospective evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy and timed-withdrawal.","authors":"Saengtawan Arayatham, Panthipa Borikappakul, Sakchai Ruenphet","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2777-2786","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2777-2786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hypoluteodism is an important cause of non-infectious pregnancy loss in bitches and is characterized by inadequate progesterone (P4) production by the corpus luteum. Evidence regarding breed-specific patterns of luteal insufficiency and the clinical utility of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with timed-withdrawal remains limited. This study aimed to identify the temporal pattern of luteal insufficiency in predisposed dog breeds and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an MPA protocol combined with standardized late-gestation withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical records from 29 pregnancies in 25 bitches diagnosed with hypoluteodism were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort consisted predominantly of Shetland Sheepdogs (21), together with Miniature American Shepherds (2) and Pomeranians (2). Serial serum P4 monitoring commenced during the fourth week of gestation. Hypoluteodism was diagnosed when P4 concentrations decreased below 10 ng/mL or declined by >5 ng/mL within 48-72 h. A low-dose MPA regimen (0.1 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was administered, and treatment was discontinued 24-48 h before elective cesarean section. Pregnancy outcomes and maternal and neonatal safety parameters were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A distinct mid-gestational critical window was identified, with 79.3% of cases exhibiting P4 decline during weeks 5-6 of gestation. Pregnancy was successfully maintained to term in 86.2% (25/29) of pregnancies. Reproductive failure occurred in four pregnancies (13.8%), including three abortions and one case of fetal mummification. Mean litter size was approximately 4.4 puppies, yielding 110 live-born neonates, of which 94.5% survived to weaning. Female puppies showed no evidence of virilization, and no maternal complications, including diabetes mellitus, mammary hyperplasia, mammary tumors, or agalactia, were observed. Timed-withdrawal of MPA before delivery prevented premature labor and fetal compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Predisposed breeds, particularly Shetland Sheepdogs, exhibit a predictable period of luteal vulnerability during weeks 5-6 of gestation. Early P4 surveillance beginning at day 28-30 post-ovulation, combined with low-dose MPA therapy and withdrawal 24-48 h before elective delivery, represents an effective clinical strategy for reducing pregnancy loss while facilitating planned cesarean section.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2777-2786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <em>TGFβ2</em> gene polymorphism with growth performance and meat quality traits in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan chickens under multienzyme supplementation.","authors":"Siti Rani Ayuti, Mirni Lamid, Mohammad Anam Al Arif, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Eun Joong Kim, Sangsu Shin, Latifah Latifah, Aswin Rafif Khairullah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3125-3137","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3125-3137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Improving growth performance and meat quality is a major objective in genetic improvement programs for indigenous poultry breeds. Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens are an improved Indonesian native breed with considerable potential for sustainable tropical poultry production. <i>Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2)</i> plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle development, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling; however, its genetic variation and association with economically important traits in KUB chickens remain unknown. This study aimed to characterize <i>TGFβ2</i> gene polymorphisms and evaluate their associations with growth performance and meat quality traits in KUB chickens receiving dietary multienzyme supplementation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-five one-day-old male KUB chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments containing different combinations of phytase and protease and reared for 90 days. Growth performance was assessed using feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass weight (CW). Meat quality traits, including pH, texture, cooking loss (CL), water holding capacity, and color characteristics (L*, a*, and b*), were evaluated after slaughter. Genomic DNA extracted from muscle tissue was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing to identify <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphisms. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes was investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three <i>TGFβ2</i> genotypes (CC, TC, and TT) were identified, with allele frequencies of 0.48 (C) and 0.52 (T). The <i>TGFβ2</i> genotype was significantly associated with BW, CW, and FCR (p < 0.05), whereas FI was unaffected. Multienzyme supplementation significantly reduced CL, improved water holding capacity, and enhanced meat color characteristics without affecting pH or texture. Two exon single nucleotide polymorphisms, c.103C>T and c.99G>A, were identified, representing novel variants in KUB chickens. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated significant involvement of extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, metabolic pathways, and biological processes related to muscle development and cell proliferation, supporting a nutrigenetic interaction between <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphism and enzyme supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first characterization of <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphisms in KUB chickens and demonstrates their association with growth performance and meat quality traits under multienzyme supplementation. The identified polymorphisms represent promising molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and precision nutrition strategies to improve productivity in indigenous tropical chicken populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3125-3137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiling and dual antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of <em>Coleus scutellarioides</em> (L.) Benth. leaves against <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>: An <em>in vitro</em> study.","authors":"Marni Br Karo, Farida Mentalina Simanjuntak, Tetty Rina Aritonang, Desweri Muhareni, Dea Dea, Yola Maharani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2931-2950","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2931-2950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing antimicrobial resistance of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> has created an urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents with multiple biological activities. Although <i>Coleus scutellarioides</i> (L.) Benth. (Miana) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases; however, comprehensive metabolomic characterization, together with standardized evaluation of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities against these clinically important pathogens, remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the secondary metabolite profile of ethanol extracts of Miana leaves using untargeted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using LC-HRMS with an Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus system. Antimicrobial activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-guided broth microdilution assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays by calculating the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LC-HRMS detected 243 metabolites, including 20 major bioactive compounds belonging predominantly to flavonoids, diterpenoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Major constituents included apigenin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, lupeol, triptolide, carnosol, kahweol, nootkatone, and betaine. The extract demonstrated fungicidal activity against <i>C. albicans,</i> with MIC and MFC values of 62,500 ppm, and bactericidal activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae,</i> with MIC and MBC values of 100,000 ppm (MFC/MIC and MBC/MIC ratios = 1.0). Antioxidant evaluation revealed a very strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 43.68 ppm) and moderate ABTS scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 128.7 ppm), both exhibiting concentration-dependent inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethanol extracts of Miana leaves contain diverse bioactive metabolites that confer dual antimicrobial activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> tog ether with potent antioxidant activity. These findings provide a comprehensive phytochemical foundation that supports the therapeutic potential of Miana and justifies further bioassay-guided fractionation, toxicity assessment, mechanistic investigations, and <i>in vivo</i> validation to facilitate the development of standardized phytopharmaceutical agents for the management of genital infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2931-2950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fiber reinforcement in hand-pour epoxy composites for developing low-cost canine composite bone models: Mechanical characterization and material selection.","authors":"Somchai Sompaisarnsilp, Suwaree Vosbein, Athicom Chin-On, Nattapon Chantarapanich","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Synthetic canine bone models are increasingly used in veterinary orthopedic education as reproducible and ethically acceptable alternatives to cadaveric specimens. However, commercially available models remain expensive, and low-cost fabrication methods that provide suitable mechanical performance are limited. This study aimed to optimize fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (E) and polyester resin (R) composites fabricated by a hand-pour casting technique for the development of affordable canine composite bone models by comparing their tensile mechanical properties and identifying the most suitable cortical bone analog material.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>E and R were reinforced with chopped E-glass fiber at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt), whereas polyurethane (PU) foam was evaluated as a cancellous bone analog. Dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated using silicone molds according to American Society for Testing and Materials D638-14 and tested under uniaxial tension using a universal testing machine. Elastic modulus, yield strength, yield strain, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain were determined from stress-strain curves. Mechanical properties were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fiber reinforcement significantly improved the elastic modulus of epoxy composites in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 1,513.12 ± 67.85 MPa at 5 wt%, whereas polyester composites showed no significant stiffness improvement. Epoxy composites demonstrated markedly lower specimen-to-specimen variability than polyester composites, with coefficients of variation for elastic modulus ranging from 1.4% to 4.5%. Although ultimate stress and ultimate strain decreased with increasing fiber content in both resin systems, epoxy reinforced with 3 wt% E-glass fiber provided the most favorable balance between stiffness, reproducibility, and casting workability. PU foam exhibited an elastic modulus of 57.72 ± 7.69 MPa, providing a 23-fold stiffness difference from the selected cortical analog and supporting its suitability as a cancellous core material. The estimated raw material cost of the proposed composite bone model was approximately 7% of the equivalent commercial product.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E reinforced with 3 wt% chopped E-glass fiber is the preferred material for low-cost hand-pour fabrication of canine composite bone models because it offers the optimal combination of mechanical performance, manufacturing consistency, and processing feasibility. Combined with PU foam, this formulation provides an economical platform for veterinary surgical simulation. Future studies should validate the bilayer construct under compressive loading, drilling, and screw pull-out testing before clinical educational application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3191-3204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-specific supplementation of a ternary emulsifier blend improves growth performance and nutrient utilization in broilers fed reduced-energy diets.","authors":"Phongthorn Kongmun, Sombat Prasongsook, Dirk Westphal, Sandor Zsarnoczay, Theerawit Poeikhampha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Dietary energy is the most expensive nutrient of broiler feed, and reducing metabolizable energy (ME) while maintaining performance is a major objective in poultry nutrition. Emulsifiers enhance lipid digestion and may compensate for reduced dietary energy. This study evaluated the effects of a novel ternary emulsifier blend consisting of sorbitan esters, lysolecithin, and de-oiled lecithin applied through a phase-specific supplementation strategy on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass characteristics of broilers fed reduced-energy diets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 750 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments included a positive control with standard ME, a negative control with ME reduced by 150 kcal/kg, and three emulsifier-supplemented reduced-energy diets: 250 g/ton emulsifier, 200 g/ton emulsifier, and a phase-specific strategy consisting of 250 g/ton during the starter and grower phases followed by 200 g/ton during the finisher phase. Birds were reared for 35 days. Growth performance, feed efficiency, feed cost per gain, gastrointestinal retention time, nutrient digestibility, apparent ME, fecal characteristics, and carcass traits were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the starter phase, emulsifier supplementation significantly improved final body weight and feed conversion ratio compared with the reduced-energy control (p < 0.05). Birds receiving the phase-specific strategy achieved body weight and feed efficiency comparable to those fed the standard-energy diet. During the grower phase, supplementation with 200 or 250 g/ton comparedof emulsifier increased body weight relative with the reduced-energy control (p = 0.04). However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for overall performance from 1 to 35 days. Emulsifier supplementation significantly reduced gastrointestinal retention time compared with the standard-energy control (p = 0.01). Apparent ME values were numerically higher in emulsifier-supplemented groups, although differences were not statistically significant. Carcass yield tended to improve with emulsifier supplementation, whereas carcass component proportions and abdominal fat deposition remained unaffected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ternary emulsifier blend partially compensated for reduced dietary energy, particularly during the starter and grower phases. A phase-specific supplementation approach using higher inclusion levels during early growth and lower levels during finishing appears to be an effective and practical strategy for optimizing emulsifier use in reduced-energy broiler diets while maintaining productive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3231-3245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of cassava-based agro-industrial byproducts as ensiled total mixed fiber for sustainable roughage replacement in early-lactating dairy cows.","authors":"Nawanon Chantaprasarn, Wiriya Loongyai, Sornthep Tumwasorn, Phongthorn Kongmun","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3268-3281","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3268-3281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sustainable utilization of agro-industrial byproducts offers an opportunity to reduce feed costs and dependence on conventional forages in tropical dairy production. Cassava pulp and cassava bioethanol waste are abundant residues with potential as alternative roughage sources, yet their application as ensiled total mixed fiber (TMF) in early-lactating dairy cows has not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the effects of ensiled TMF formulated with cassava pulp or cassava bioethanol waste as complete roughage replacements for guinea grass on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, milk yield, and milk composition in early-lactating dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen multiparous Holstein Friesian crossbred cows (25 ± 15 days in milk) were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (n = 6/group): fresh guinea grass (control), ensiled TMF containing cassava pulp (TMFc), or ensiled TMF containing cassava bioethanol waste (TMFe). All diets were offered <i>ad libitum</i> with a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 40:60 over a 90-day feeding period. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood urea nitrogen, milk yield, and milk composition were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cows fed TMFe showed significantly greater dry matter intake (15.6 ± 0.61 kg/day), nutrient intake, and metabolizable energy intake (36.10 ± 1.26 Mcal/day) than those receiving guinea grass (p < 0.01). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber remained unchanged among treatments (p > 0.05). Ruminal pH and temperature were maintained within physiological ranges. At 4 h post-feeding, TMFc increased blood urea nitrogen (21.2 ± 1.89 mg/dL; p = 0.047), ruminal ammonia nitrogen (14.24 ± 0.35 mg%; p = 0.001), and butyrate production, whereas the control diet produced higher propionate concentrations (p = 0.044). Milk composition was unaffected by dietary treatment, while TMFc showed a tendency toward greater milk yield (15.5 ± 0.82 kg/day; p = 0.069).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ensiled TMF formulated from cassava-based agro-industrial byproducts can effectively replace conventional guinea grass without compromising nutrient digestibility, rumen stability, or milk composition in early-lactating dairy cows. Cassava bioethanol waste-based TMF improved voluntary feed intake and energy supply, whereas cassava pulp-based TMF enhanced ruminal nitrogen metabolism and tended to increase milk yield. These findings demonstrate the potential of cassava-derived byproducts as sustainable alternative roughage resources that support circular bioeconomy principles and improve feed resource utilization in tropical dairy production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3268-3281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling of isolated mouse endometrial epithelial cells reveals coordinated redox and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways during uterine receptivity.","authors":"Jakree Jitjumnong, Wilasinee Inyawilert, Attapol Tiantong, Shih-Han Wang, Chao-Jung Chen, Yu-Jing Liao, Tossapol Moonmanee, San-Yuan Huang, Pin-Chi Tang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2734-2750","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2734-2750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Uterine receptivity is critical for successful embryo implantation, yet epithelial-specific proteomic changes during this transition remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to profile changes in protein expression in isolated mouse endometrial epithelial cells between the pre-receptive (Day 1) and receptive (Day 4) phases of pregnancy to identify key pathways associated with uterine receptivity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Endometrial epithelial cells were isolated from pregnant CD-1 mice on Days 1 and 4 of pregnancy. Protein extracts were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identification. Differentially expressed proteins were functionally annotated using Gene Ontology. Key candidates, including Gstm2 and vimentin, were validated by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 674 protein spots were detected, of which 80 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, ≥2-fold change) and 52 were successfully identified. These proteins were primarily associated with cellular metabolism, redox regulation, protein folding, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. Coordinated upregulation of antioxidant proteins (Gstm2, Gstm7, Prdx2, Cat) and ER stress-associated proteins (PDIA3, HSPA5) was observed on Day 4. Gstm2 showed consistent upregulation at both protein and transcript levels (p < 0.05) with enhanced epithelial localization, while vimentin expression remained stable, supporting cytoskeletal readiness. These changes indicate integrated redox homeostasis and stress adaptation during the acquisition of uterine receptivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This epithelial-specific proteomic analysis reveals coordinated redox and ER stress-associated pathways during the transition to uterine receptivity in mice. The findings provide a focused proteome resource that highlights Gstm2 as a candidate regulator within antioxidant networks and establishes a foundation for understanding molecular mechanisms at the embryo-maternal interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2734-2750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> fermented with <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> TISTR1284 as a sustainable fishmeal substitute enhances immune responses and resistance to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>infection in giant freshwater prawns (<em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em>).","authors":"Arnon Pudgerd, Laorrat Phuapittayalert, Kamonwan Jongsomchai, Sirilak Sanpa, Sirikarn Sanpa, Paiboon Panase, Pornpan Pumirat, Sukanya Saedan, Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2876-2898","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2876-2898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing cost and limited availability of fishmeal have intensified the search for sustainable alternative protein sources in aquaculture. Fermentation of plant-based feed ingredients can improve their nutritional value and functional properties. This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> leaves fermented with <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> <i>plantarum</i> TISTR1284 as a partial fishmeal substitute on immune responses, intestinal health, and resistance to <i>Aeromonas</i> <i>hydrophila</i> infection in giant freshwater prawns (<i>Macrobrachium</i> <i>rosenbergii</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult <i>M.</i> <i>rosenbergii</i> were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: a control diet and diets in which 10% or 20% of fishmeal was replaced with fermented <i>L. leucocephala</i>. Prawns were fed the experimental diets for 2 weeks before challenge with <i>A.</i> <i>hydrophila</i>. Total hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity, hematopoietic tissue proliferation, immune-related gene expression, intestinal histology, antioxidant properties of the diets, and post-challenge survival were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fermentation enhanced the nutritional quality of <i>L. leucocephala</i> by increasing essential amino acid content and reducing mimosine concentration. Diets containing fermented <i>L. leucocephala</i> exhibited greater antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content than the control diet. Prawns receiving fermented diets showed significantly increased total hemocyte counts, enhanced hematopoietic cell proliferation, elevated crustacean hematopoietic factor expression, and increased phenoloxidase activity. The expression of key immune-related genes, including <i>IMD</i>, <i>Relish</i>, <i>HSP70</i>, <i>Cu/Zn-SOD</i>, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (<i>ALF</i>), was upregulated, whereas <i>TRAF6</i> and <i>Dorsal</i> expression was moderated during infection. Intestinal morphology remained normal, indicating that dietary inclusion of fermented <i>L. leucocephala</i> did not adversely affect gut structure. Following <i>A.</i> <i>hydrophila</i> challenge, prawns fed fermented diets exhibited a 26.14% reduction in mortality compared with the control group, demonstrating improved disease resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partial replacement of fishmeal with <i>L. leucocephala</i> leaves fermented by <i>L. plantarum</i> TISTR1284 enhanced innate immune responses, improved antioxidant status, and increased resistance to <i>A.</i> <i>hydrophila</i> infection in <i>M.</i> <i>rosenbergii</i> without compromising intestinal health. Fermented <i>L. leucocephala</i> represents a promising sustainable functional feed ingredient for freshwater prawn aquaculture and may contribute to reducing dependence on fishmeal in commercial production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2876-2898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of mannanoligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and potato resistant starch on intestinal integrity, antioxidant status, and cecal microbiota in commercial laying hens.","authors":"Laura Hortúa-López, Mariana Parra Cerezo, Viviana Parada Roa, Sandra Paola Rodríguez, Jaime A Ángel-Isaza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2703-2721","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2703-2721","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Functional carbohydrates are increasingly used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters because of their ability to modulate intestinal health and microbial populations. However, comparative information regarding the effects of structurally different prebiotic compounds in laying hens remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and potato resistant starch (RS) on productive performance, intestinal integrity, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in commercial laying hens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 200 Babcock Brown laying hens aged 37 weeks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for 12 weeks: basal diet without supplementation (D1-Control), basal diet supplemented with MOS (2,000 mg/kg), FOS (700 mg/kg), or potato RS (700 mg/kg). Productive performance parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. Intestinal permeability was assessed using serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran concentrations, while antioxidant status was evaluated through oxygen radical absorbance capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays. Intestinal morphology and goblet cell distribution were examined histologically. Cecal microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;No mortality was observed during the study. Egg production and egg mass were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. However, hens receiving potato RS exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.56) compared with the control group (1.59; p = 0.028). Dietary supplementation significantly improved oxidative status, with the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity observed in the RS group (1731.16 µmol TE/mL; p = 0.019), whereas lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced in the FOS and RS groups (p &lt; 0.001). All functional carbohydrates reduced intestinal permeability compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001), with the greatest reduction observed in the RS group. Supplementation differentially affected intestinal morphology, particularly in the duodenum and jejunum. Microbial analyses revealed significant dietary effects on cecal bacterial communities. FOS increased microbial diversity, whereas RS promoted the enrichment of beneficial short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa, including &lt;i&gt;Blautia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lachnospiraceae&lt;/i&gt;, and increased the abundance of beneficial lactobacilli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Dietary supplementation with functional carbohydrates improved intestinal barrier function, antioxidant status, and cecal microbial composition in commercial laying hens. Potato RS exerted the most pronounced beneficial effects, resulting in improved feed efficiency, enhanced antioxidant capacity, reduced intestinal permeability, and enrichment of beneficial microbial taxa. These findings in","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2703-2721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cassava processing residues as circular energy feed ingredients for dairy cows: variability, safety constraints, and technology-enabled stabilization strategies.","authors":"Budi Wardiman, Syahriani Syahrir, Asmuddin Natsir, Tilawati Tilawati, Aurelya Yulyanti Sudarmanto, J Nurwahidah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3205-3230","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3205-3230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3205-3230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}