Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of dietary faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) inclusion on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood biochemistry in Awassi lambs.","authors":"Belal S Obeidat, Nawras L Al Shabuol, Linda Alyahya","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1863-1869","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1863-1869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The search for sustainable and cost-effective protein alternatives to soybean meal in livestock diets has led to the exploration of legumes such as faba beans [FBs] (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.). This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of FBs on carcass traits, meat quality, and selected blood parameters in Awassi lambs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four male Awassi lambs (initial body weight: 20.54 ± 0.798 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 12 per group) and fed isonitrogenous diets either with no FB (control diet [CON]) or 20% FB on a dry matter basis (FB20) for 70 days. The trial consisted of a 7-day acclimation period, followed by 63 days of data collection. Carcass evaluation, meat quality analysis (pH, water-holding capacity [WHC], color, and shear force), and blood biochemistry profiling were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FB20 supplementation significantly increased loin weight and lean content (p < 0.05), while reducing subcutaneous and total fat percentages (p < 0.05). WHC improved (p = 0.024), shear force decreased (p = 0.024), and meat redness (a*) significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in FB20 lambs. No differences were observed in other meat quality parameters such as pH, cooking loss, whiteness (L*), and yellowness (b*) values. The crude protein content in meat was higher in the FB20 group (p = 0.043), indicating an improved nutritional value. Blood biochemical markers, including urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, liver enzymes, and lipoproteins, did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), indicating no adverse health effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inclusion of 20% FB in the diet of Awassi lambs improved carcass composition and meat quality without negatively affecting animal health. The observed improvements in meat tenderness, protein content, and color, along with unchanged blood profiles, support the use of FBs as a viable and sustainable protein source in lamb production. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects, consumer acceptance, and optimal inclusion rates across various breeds and production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1863-1869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in humans and cattle: Implications for zoonotic malaria transmission in Indonesia.","authors":"Hamzah Hasyim, Babucarr Jassey, Ririh Yudhastuti, Misnaniarti Misnaniarti, Iche Andriyani Liberty, Elvi Sunarsih, Langgeng Priyanto, Dalilah Dalilah, Yusri Yusri, Fildzah Hashifah Taufiq, Fadhilah Eka Maharani, Lukman Hakim, Siti Herlinda","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1831-1839","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1831-1839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Zoonotic malaria remains a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia. The potential role of cattle as reservoirs for <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in Indonesia has not been fully elucidated, despite increasing recognition of animal reservoirs in malaria transmission dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in humans and cattle in a malaria-endemic region of Indonesia to explore the potential for zoonotic transmission and inform integrated control strategies aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 3.3.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between March to July 2024 involving 41 human participants and 43 cattle. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using endpoint polymerase chain reaction techniques targeting <i>Plasmodium</i> genus-specific DNA sequences. The infection prevalence in both populations was determined, and the results were interpreted to assess the risk of zoonotic malaria transmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All human blood samples tested negative for <i>Plasmodium</i> spp., corresponding to a 0% infection rate (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%-8.5%). In contrast, one cattle sample tested positive, resulting in a 2.33% infection rate among cattle (95% CI: 0.06%-12.0%). The positive detection in cattle was confirmed by a distinct 240 base pairs band through agarose gel electrophoresis. The absence of infections in humans suggests the effectiveness of current public health measures, while the presence of <i>Plasmodium</i> DNA in cattle underscores the potential role of cattle as parasite reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of integrating animal health surveillance into malaria elimination programs under the One Health framework. Although no zoonotic transmission to humans was observed, the detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in cattle warrants continuous surveillance, improved livestock management practices, and targeted vector control measures. Further studies with species-specific molecular diagnostics and broader geographic coverage are recommended to clarify the zoonotic potential and transmission dynamics involving cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1831-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopus-based bibliometric analysis of research trends in silage feed and its impact on rumen fermentation in ruminants.","authors":"Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo, Randi Mulianda, Wulandari Wulandari, Santika Anggrahini, Novia Qomariyah, Andi Ella, Erna Winarti, Yenni Yusriani, Suyatno Suyatno, Jhon Firison, Deni Fitra, Anwar Efendi Harahap, Dinda Ayu Permata Sari, Taufik Hidayat, Anuraga Jayanegara","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1972-1990","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1972-1990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Silage plays a pivotal role in ruminant nutrition, significantly influencing rumen fermentation, animal productivity, and environmental sustainability. Despite extensive research on silage and fermentation, a comprehensive synthesis of global trends and collaborations in this domain has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global research on silage feed and its effects on rumen fermentation in ruminants. It sought to identify publication trends, leading contributors, research themes, and international collaboration networks, thereby informing future directions in ruminant nutrition research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,007 documents published between 1961 and 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database using targeted keywords. Bibliometric and network analyses were performed using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix (R package), and Microsoft Excel. Inclusion criteria were limited to peer-reviewed English-language articles focused on silage feed and rumen fermentation in ruminants. Data cleaning and preprocessing involved harmonization of author names, keywords, and institutional affiliations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Publication output has increased significantly since 2010, with China, the United States, and Canada emerging as the top contributors. Major research themes include silage quality, microbial fermentation, methane mitigation, and feed efficiency. Core journals identified include <i>Journal of Dairy Science</i> and <i>Journal of Animal Science</i>. Leading institutions such as China Agricultural University and the University of Florida demonstrated high productivity and citation impact. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging trends, including microbiome, methanogenesis, and sustainability. Collaboration network analysis revealed strong regional clusters, with North America and Europe forming central hubs, while Asia and South America showed growing but less integrated networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on silage and rumen fermentation has evolved from foundational studies to interdisciplinary approaches integrating microbiology, environmental science, and precision agriculture. The field is rapidly expanding, with increasing emphasis on reducing methane emissions and enhancing livestock performance through improved silage practices. However, global collaboration remains fragmented, particularly in underrepresented regions. Future research should focus on metagenomics, smart technologies (e.g., Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things), and policy-driven strategies to optimize feed systems and support sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1972-1990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lyophilized <i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> extract in intraruminal bolus and granule forms for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep: An <i>in vivo</i> clinical study.","authors":"Aīda Vanaga, Dace Keidāne, Alīna Kļaviņa, Ivars Lūsis, Aija Mālniece, Dace Bandere, Renāte Teterovska, Ance Bārzdiņa, Oxana Brante, Konstantins Logviss, Oskars Radziņš, Līga Kovaļčuka","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1991-2001","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1991-2001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematode infections have a significant impact on the health and productivity of sheep worldwide. Conventional anthelmintics are facing rising resistance, prompting the need for alternative control strategies. <i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> (tansy), a traditionally used antiparasitic herb in Latvia, has shown <i>in vitro</i> efficacy but lacks <i>in vivo</i> delivery validation. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> antiparasitic efficacy and safety of <i>T. vulgare</i> extract administered through novel intraruminal boluses and granules in naturally infected sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty female Latvian Darkhead lambs (4-5 months; mean 35 ± 0.8 kg) were randomly assigned to five groups: Two bolus groups (A and B), one granule group, and two controls (negative and positive). Groups A and B received intraruminal boluses with different lyophilized extract formulations, the granule group received powdered <i>T. vulgare</i> mixed with feed, and the positive control received levamisole. Fecal egg counts (FECs), clinical signs, and hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed over 56 days. Disintegration testing simulated rumen conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse clinical or physiological effects were observed. Bolus groups exhibited a more rapid and consistent reduction in strongylid FECs compared to the granule and negative control groups. On day 56, egg counts decreased to 325-358 eggs per gram (EPG) in bolus and granule groups, compared to 533 EPG in the negative control. Hematological and biochemical parameters remained within reference ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>T. vulgare</i> extract administered through intraruminal bolus was safe, sustained animal health, and effectively reduced gastrointestinal nematode burden. Granules were less effective, potentially due to reduced palatability. Bolus-based phytotherapy may serve as a sustainable, prophylactic alternative to conventional anthelmintics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1991-2001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization and multidrug resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia: A One Health perspective.","authors":"Ali Wahdan, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmoud M Elhaig, Mohammed Al-Rasheed, Ehab M Abd-Allah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1964-1971","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1964-1971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) zoonotic pathogen increasingly implicated in infections in both humans and animals, including avian species. Raptors, particularly peregrine falcons, are vulnerable due to their exposure to diverse environments and intensive management practices. This study aimed to identify <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia and to characterize their genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty cloacal swabs were collected from adult peregrine falcons showing clinical signs of gastrointestinal distress and housed in falconry facilities in Eastern Saudi Arabia between 2022 and 2024. Samples underwent bacteriological culture, biochemical identification using the Vitek 2 system, and WGS of a representative isolate. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic comparison, and resistance gene profiling were conducted using standard bioinformatic tools and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database and PubMLST databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen isolates (20%) were confirmed as <i>P. aeruginosa</i> through biochemical identification and BLAST analysis. One representative isolate underwent WGS and revealed a 6.0 Mbp genome with close phylogenetic relatedness (92% bootstrap) to a human-derived <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain (CP050326), with a 4% genetic divergence. The MLST profile included allele numbers <i>acsA</i> (23), <i>aroE</i> (29), <i>guaA</i> (1), <i>mutL</i> (3), <i>nuoD</i> (1), <i>ppsA</i> (15), and <i>trpE</i> (9). Resistance genes identified included β-lactamase PAO-type (<i>blaPAO</i>), Class Dβ -lactamase OXA-type (variants 485 and 488) (<i>blaOXA-485/488</i>), aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase type IIb (<i>aph(3')-IIb</i>), glutathione transferase FosA (<i>fosA</i>), and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase type B7 (<i>catB7</i>), indicating MDR to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of WGS-characterized, MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in falcons from Saudi Arabia. The genomic similarity to human strains highlights the zoonotic potential and One Health implications. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated AMR surveillance in wildlife, especially in regions with widespread falconry practices. WGS offers valuable molecular insights for pathogen tracking, resistance monitoring, and epidemiological risk assessment. Broader genomic surveillance across bird species and regions is necessary to guide control strategies and reduce the risks of zoonotic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1964-1971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and chemical characterization of coastal hospital wastewater in Oran, Algeria: Implications for public and livestock health under a One Health framework.","authors":"Sabrina Hannachi, Djillali Bouras, Roger Flower","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1819-1830","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1819-1830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hospital effluents are a major source of environmental contaminants, harboring pathogenic bacteria, toxic trace metals, and high organic loads. This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological and physicochemical profiles of wastewater discharged from three coastal hospitals in Oran, Algeria, and to assess the associated public and livestock health risks under the One Health approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to February 2024, involving monthly sampling at three hospitals and one drainage collector. Twenty-six composite samples were collected at three peak daily intervals. Bacteriological analysis targeted <i>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. using selective media, membrane filtration, and biochemical confirmation. Physicochemical parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and conductivity, were analyzed using standard American Public Health Association methods. Trace metals (lead [Pb], cadmium, nickel, copper [Cu], zinc) were quantified through atomic absorption spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All effluents contained pathogenic bacteria, with peak concentrations of <i>E. coli</i> (up to 34.5 × 10⁶ colony-forming units [CFU]/100 mL), <i>S. aureus</i> (up to 4.5 × 10⁶ CFU/100 mL), and persistent <i>Salmonella</i> spp. detected primarily in warmer seasons. All <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics. Physicochemical assessment revealed elevated BOD_{5 (}190 mg/L-398 mg/L), COD (200 mg/L-590 mg/L), and COD/BOD₅ ratios <2.5, indicating high organic pollution with partial biodegradability. Trace metal concentrations, particularly Pb and Cu, exceeded the World Health Organization discharge guidelines in all samples. Contaminant levels were highest in summer, correlating with increased hospital activity and temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Untreated hospital wastewater in Oran poses a serious threat to public and environmental health. The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and toxic metals highlights the urgent need for dedicated hospital wastewater treatment infrastructure. Grazing livestock and marine ecosystems exposed to these effluents are at risk of bioaccumulation and infection. Regulatory enforcement, routine monitoring, and the implementation of sustainable green hospital plans are essential to safeguard health under the One Health paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1819-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary-led interventions and owner perceptions of male cat sterilization: Insights from a community-based initiative in Malang, Indonesia.","authors":"Albiruni Haryo, Handayu Untari","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2113-2126","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2113-2126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Male cat sterilization is often neglected in feline population control strategies due to cultural beliefs, logistical barriers, and misconceptions, especially in developing urban areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a veterinary-led, community-based intervention in Malang, Indonesia, to promote male cat sterilization, improve owner compliance, and explore sociocultural influences on participation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among owners of non-pedigree male cats (6 months to 5 years old) in the Greater Malang area. Data were collected through a validated online questionnaire asse-ssing demographic characteristics, sterilization readiness, compliance behavior, and sociocultural perceptions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, while open-ended responses underwent thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 182 potential respondents, 99 met the inclusion criteria and proceeded with the intervention. A 99% compliance rate was achieved (98/99), supported by strong community engagement and clear procedural guidelines. Education level, previous pet ownership, and affiliation with animal welfare organizations had a significant influence on compliance (p < 0.05). Barriers for non-compliant individuals included scheduling conflicts, financial constraints, and surgical apprehension. Thematic analysis revealed that cultural beliefs about masculinity and religious ambiguity were common deterrents, but community outreach and peer influence effectively shifted perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that structured, culturally attuned, veterinary-led community interventions can achieve high compliance in male cat sterilization. Strategic partnerships with local organizations, transparent communication, and logistical support are key to success. Findings support the integration of such programs into broader One Health initia-tives, emphasizing responsible pet ownership, zoonotic disease mitigation, and sustainable management of urban animal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2113-2126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting hematological parameters in Creole goats on the Southern Coast of Peru.","authors":"Jhony Soca, Emmanuel Alexander Sessarego, Pamela Sarmiento, María José Cevallos-Cardenas, Juan Canchino-Gutierrez, Jose Teran, Jose Antonio Ruiz, Juancarlos Cruz-Luis, Danny Julio Cruz","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2002-2011","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2002-2011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hematological parameters are critical indicators of health and physiological status in goats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of location, feeding regimen, age, and body condition score (BCS) on hematological parameters in Creole goats reared under extensive systems on the southern coast of Peru and to establish context-specific reference values.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 111 multiparous goats from nine herds were assessed. Red blood cell (RBC) (RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin [HGB], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], and MCH concentration [MCHC]) and white blood cell (WBC) (WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes [MON], neutrophils [NEU], and eosinophils [EOS]) parameters were determined using a veterinary hematology analyzer. Robust linear regression models with MM-estimation were applied, with model selection based on Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and root mean square error. Correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering were also performed to explore inter-parameter relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interindividual variation was noted, particularly among leukocyte indices (EOS, MON, NEU; coefficient of variation >50%). In contrast, MCH and MCV exhibited low variability. The geographic location was not statistically significant, suggesting environmental homogeneity across the sites. Dietary composition and BCS significantly influenced several hematological indices. Goats with higher BCS and mixed alfalfa-residue diets exhibited increased HGB and RBC counts, whereas younger goats showed higher MCHC values. Predictive equations were generated to estimate hematological values under specific management conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the relevance of age, nutritional status, and body condition in modulating hematological values in Creole goats. The derived models and reference values can inform localized diagnostic criteria and enhance decision-making in goat health management under extensive systems. Future studies should incorporate seasonal, sex-based, and longitudinal analyses to refine predictive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2002-2011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) to <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress.","authors":"Dahliatul Qosimah, Tiara Widyaputri, Muhamad Firman Ataullah, Syifa Fu'ada, Zackya Najib, Atsir Farhan, Fathia Zahra Aulia Putri, Anggieta Ratuyustiarany","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1955-1963","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1955-1963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is a significant pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). Conventional reliance on antibiotics raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term fasting (1 or 2 days) on physiological, oxidative stress, and microbial responses in <i>C. carpio</i> infected with <i>A. hydrophila</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty <i>C. carpio</i> were divided into four groups (n = 15): negative control (uninfected), positive control (infected), T₁ (1-day fasting + infected), and T₂ (2-day fasting + infected). Infections were induced by immersion in an <i>A. hydrophila</i> suspension (10⁸ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). Three days post-infection, blood was collected for glucose and hemoglobin analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in head kidney tissue were assessed as a marker of oxidative stress. Gut samples were analyzed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through standard plate counts. Statistical comparisons were made using a one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T₂ group (2-day fasting) exhibited significantly better physiological responses than T₁ and the positive control. Blood glucose levels in T₂ (83.5 ± 1.71 mg/dL) were significantly lower than the positive control (127 ± 3.85 mg/dL), but within the normal range. Hemoglobin levels were highest in T₂ (7.8 ± 0.27 g/dL), indicating preserved oxygen-carrying capacity. MDA levels, though not statistically different, were lowest in T₂ (14.42 ± 0.60 mg/L), suggesting reduced oxidative stress. LAB counts were highest in T₂ (1.69 × 10⁹ CFU/g), indicating improved gut microbiota balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 2-day fasting regimen enhanced disease resistance in <i>C. carpio</i> by modulating glucose metabolism, preserving hematological integrity, reducing oxidative stress, and enriching beneficial gut microbiota. These findings support short-term fasting as a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture, with the potential to reduce antibiotic dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1955-1963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal microclimate assessment in dairy cow milking parlors: Seasonal variations in temperature-humidity index and implications for heat stress.","authors":"Dimo Dimov, Toncho Penev, Ivaylo Marinov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2024-2030","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2024-2030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Rising global temperatures and increasing humidity levels are intensifying the risk of heat stress (HS) in high-yielding dairy cattle. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is a standard metric for evaluating thermal stress in livestock. This study aimed to assess seasonal and diurnal variations in temperature, relative humidity, and THI within a milking parlor and determine their compliance with established thermal comfort thresholds for dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in a glass-roofed, windowless milking parlor housing 400 Holstein-Friesian cows in Bulgaria. Microclimatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and THI) were measured during three daily milking sessions (morning, noon, and evening) at 3 time points (start, middle, and end) over a 12-month period. Measurements were taken inside the parlor and 10 m outside. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance and <i>post hoc</i> tests using STATISTICA version 10.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Summer and spring exhibited the highest mean and peak temperatures (up to 31.4°C), while winter showed the highest relative humidity (82.39%). THI values peaked in summer, reaching levels classified as \"danger\" for dairy cows. Morning milking generally recorded lower temperatures and THI. Seasonal variation significantly influenced all microclimatic indicators (p < 0.001), while milking sequence significantly affected temperature and THI (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In-parlor thermal conditions, especially during summer, exceeded comfort thresholds and posed a risk for HS. The study underscores the urgent need to revise livestock housing regulations to include THI-specific standards for milking parlors. Incorporating real-time microclimatic monitoring can enhance animal welfare and productivity in dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2024-2030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}