Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Innovative use of indigenous <i>dadih</i> probiotics to enhance feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and health in heat-stressed Sapera goats.","authors":"Nurzainah Ginting, Edhy Mirwandhono, Nurjama'yah Br Ketaren, Yuan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1224-1233","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1224-1233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heat stress resulting from rising ambient temperatures in tropical climates poses a significant threat to ruminant productivity, leading to suppressed feed intake, impaired growth, and reduced health. Indigenous fermented foods such as <i>dadih</i> - a traditional probiotic made from fermented buffalo milk in bamboo tubes - may offer a sustainable nutritional intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>dadih</i> supplementation on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, pathogenic bacterial load, and hematological profiles of heat-stressed Sapera goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The dominant bacterial strain in <i>dadih</i> was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> antagonism against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. An <i>in vivo</i> trial was conducted using 15 Sapera crossbred goats (15 ± 1.46 kg), randomly allocated into three treatment groups (n = 5): 8 cc <i>dadih</i>/day (Group A), 4 cc/day (Group B), and control (Group C). The trial lasted 4 weeks, during which feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), fecal pathogenic bacteria load, and hematological parameters were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probiotic strain was identified as <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> Japan collection of microorganisms 1149, exhibiting antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 9.3 mm (<i>E. coli</i>) and 9.5 mm (<i>Salmonella</i>). Goats supplemented with 4 cc <i>dadih</i> (Group B) demonstrated the highest daily weight gain (127.14 g/day), FE (0.15), and nutrient digestibility. A higher <i>dadih</i> dose (8 cc) significantly reduced fecal <i>E. coli</i> levels. Hematological indices remained within normal physiological ranges across all treatments, suggesting no adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first empirical evidence supporting the use of <i>dadih</i> as a climate-adaptive probiotic intervention in goats. Supplementation with 4 cc <i>dadih</i> optimized performance without disrupting hematological homeostasis, while 8 cc effectively suppressed gut pathogens. These findings offer novel insights into the functional role of traditional fermented probiotics in improving resilience to heat stress and promoting sustainable small ruminant production in tropical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1224-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vascular calibers and correlations with biomarkers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome.","authors":"Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto, Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro, Bianca Eidt Rodrigues, Hanna Rodrigues Miranda, Nathalia de Assis Pereira","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1345-1356","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1345-1356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pyometra is a common uterine disease in intact bitches, frequently progressing to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). While retinal vascular alterations have been observed in human SIRS cases, similar evaluations are lacking in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to evaluate retinal vascular calibers in bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS (P-SIRS) and explore correlations between retinal measurements and hematological, biochemical, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 bitches diagnosed with P-SIRS and 30 clinically healthy controls. Retinal images were captured at admission using a smartphone coupled with a Volk iNView® (Volk®, Mentor, OH, USA) device. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers within 0.5-1 disk diameter from the optic disk were measured using ImageJ software (https://imagej.net/ij/index.html). Concurrent hematology, serum biochemistry, VEGF, and IL-4 levels were analyzed. Statistical comparisons and correlations were assessed using non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal arteriolar calibers were significantly narrower (p = 0.0001) and venular calibers significantly wider (p = 0.0068) in P-SIRS patients compared to controls. Serum VEGF and IL-4 concentrations were markedly elevated in the P-SIRS group (p < 0.05). Retinal venular calibers positively correlated with band neutrophils (p = 0.02), monocytes (p = 0.04), and negatively with albumin (p = 0.008). Retinal arteriolar calibers negatively correlated with segmented neutrophils (p = 0.04) and VEGF (p = 0.0003). No ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS exhibited significant retinal microvascular alterations characterized by arteriolar narrowing and venular dilation. These vascular changes correlated with systemic inflammatory markers and VEGF levels, suggesting that retinal vascular assessment may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic inflammation in veterinary patients. Despite microvascular changes, no clinically visible retinal lesions were observed, warranting further longitudinal studies to elucidate their prognostic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1345-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of aromatase blockers for increased testosterone in poultry: A mini-review.","authors":"Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi, Claude Mona Airin, Sarmin Sarmin, Andhika Yudha Prawira, Pudji Astuti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1190-1198","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1190-1198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testosterone is a key androgenic hormone in male poultry, regulating growth performance, reproductive function, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. However, endogenous testosterone levels are often diminished through conversion to estrogen through the aromatase enzyme, presenting a physiological constraint in poultry production systems. While synthetic testosterone administration has been employed to overcome this limitation, it is frequently accompanied by adverse effects, including gonadal atrophy and impaired spermatogenesis. Consequently, aromatase blockers have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance testosterone levels by inhibiting estrogen biosynthesis. This review synthesizes current evidence on both synthetic aromatase blockers (SABs), such as letrozole and tamoxifen, and natural aromatase blockers (NAB), including compounds derived from <i>Anadara granosa</i> and <i>Anadara nodifera</i> clamshells, plant extracts, and trace minerals like zinc. The mechanisms, efficacy, physiological effects, and safety profiles of NAB are comparatively examined against SAB. The findings indicate that NAB can significantly elevate testosterone levels and improve reproductive and performance traits without the adverse histopathological effects observed with prolonged SAB or synthetic androgen use. This review highlights the potential of NAB as sustainable alternatives to synthetic hormones in poultry production and recommends further investigations to optimize dosing regimens, elucidate long-term effects, and explore combinatorial strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1190-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and phylogenetic analysis of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Hadri Latif, Debby Fadhilah Pazra, Chaerul Basri, Dinda Iryawati, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, Puji Rahayu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a prominent zoonotic pathogen with diverse virulence factors and significant antibiotic resistance, particularly in pig farming environments. Pig slaughterhouses are critical points of potential bacterial transmission to humans and the environment. Comprehensive genomic surveillance of <i>E. coli</i> in these settings remains limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic distribution, virulence gene profiles, pathotypes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia, using whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Environmental samples, including effluent and floor swabs (n = 200), were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses. <i>E. coli</i> isolates were identified and previously characterized for antibiotic resistance. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. Bioinformatic analyses, including virulence gene detection (VirulenceFinder), phylogenetic reconstruction (RAxML), and phylogroup determination (Clermont method), were conducted to classify isolates based on pathotype and genetic lineage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven virulence genes were identified, including 46 associated with enteric pathotypes (Enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i>: 35%, enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i>: 15%, and enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 5%) and 15 linked to extraintestinal pathotypes (uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 95%, and neonatal meningitis <i>E. coli</i>: 5%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five phylogroups - A, B1, D, G, and clade I - with A and B1 predominating. Most isolates (60%) exhibited a single pathotype, while a minority (5%) carried genes from multiple pathotypes. Serotypes O73, O78, and O157 were identified, with O73 being the most prevalent. No strong correlation was observed between phylogenetic clustering and virulence gene pathotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> with diverse virulence genes in pig slaughterhouses highlights significant zoonotic and environmental health risks. These findings underscore the need for enhanced hygiene practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and longitudinal genomic surveillance in Indonesian pig production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1242-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion dynamics and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> in commercial fish from the Western Pacific Ocean.","authors":"Dhito Dwi Pramardika, Fadjar Satrija, Sulistiono Sulistiono, Risa Tiuria, Arifin Budiman Nugraha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Western Pacific Ocean hosts rich marine biodiversity, yet the parasitic infections affecting its commercial fish species remain underexplored. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, morphological characteristics, molecular identity, and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> infection in commercial fish from this region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between January and April 2024, 178 fish samples from 12 commercial species were collected across three geographical clusters: Sangihe Island, Kahakitang Island, and Marore Island. Fish specimens were morphologically identified and dissected for parasite detection. Morphological identification of larvae was complemented by molecular characterization through polymerase chain reaction amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>A. typica</i> infection was observed in 10.7% of the fish sampled, with moderate infection intensity. <i>Euthynnus affinis</i> exhibited the highest prevalence (41.2%) and intensity (15.4). The intestinal wall was the dominant predilection site (96.3%). Molecular analyses confirmed <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>E. affinis</i>, <i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i>, <i>Decapterus kurroides</i>, and <i>Variola louti</i>, with high genetic similarity (93.38%-100%) to isolates previously reported from China. Notably, this study provides the first documentation of <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>D. kurroides</i> and <i>V. louti</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the ecological and zoonotic significance of <i>A. typica</i> infection in commercially important fish from the Western Pacific Ocean. The findings underscore the potential threats to marine ecosystem stability, fishery sustainability, and public health. High genetic proximity between <i>A. typica</i> isolates from Indonesia and China suggests historical host migrations, emphasizing the need for regional surveillance and integrated management strategies. Enhanced inspection practices and public awareness initiatives are crucial to mitigate the zoonotic risks posed by consuming infected fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1365-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and public health dimensions of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in bats: A One Health perspective.","authors":"Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Hani Plumeriastuti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Agus Widodo, Daniah Ashri Afnani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> represent a major public health concern. While antibiotic resistance in clinical and agricultural settings is well documented, the contribution of wildlife, particularly bats, to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains underexplored. Bats possess unique ecological traits - such as long-distance flight, longevity, and adaptability - that facilitate their role as potential reservoirs and vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review synthesizes global findings on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolated from bats. Through a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted across five continents, we highlight the prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> in bat populations, with resistance profiles frequently including β-lactams (<i>bla</i>), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Notably, key ESBL genes such as <i>bla</i>CTX-M, <i>bla</i>TEM, <i>bla</i>SHV, and <i>bla</i>OXA have been identified in isolates from bat feces (guano), raising significant concern due to potential environmental contamination and zoonotic spillover. Risk factors such as habitat encroachment, anthropogenic waste exposure, and the agricultural use of bat guano further exacerbate the risk of ESBL transmission. Moreover, genomic comparisons suggest phylogenetic overlap between ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> from bats and those found in humans and livestock. Given these findings, bats warrant greater inclusion in One Health surveillance frameworks to trace AMR gene flow and develop targeted interventions. This review underscores the need for integrated AMR monitoring in wildlife, enhanced waste management policies, and stricter biosecurity to mitigate the public health risks associated with wildlife-origin ESBL dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1199-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of <i>Quercus coccifera</i> plant leaf extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.","authors":"Saif Aldeen Jaber","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1253-1261","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1253-1261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The escalating global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Plant-derived bioactive compounds represent a promising reservoir due to their chemical diversity and efficacy against resistant pathogens. <i>Quercus</i> species, traditionally utilized in herbal medicine, have shown significant bioactive potential. However, research specifically evaluating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of <i>Quercus coccifera</i> remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of <i>Q. coccifera</i> leaf extracts using various extraction methods and solvents with differing polarities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>Q. coccifera</i> leaves were harvested, dried, and extracted using solvents of varying polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, boiled water, and microwaved water). Phytochemical profiling included tests for alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Brucella melitensis</i>) bacteria were evaluated using AlamarBlue® (Invitrogen, Glasgow, UK) assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. Antibiofilm activity was assessed by biofilm viability tests and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methanolic and boiled water extracts demonstrated robust phytochemical profiles (alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids) and significant antioxidant activity (>90% inhibition). Antimicrobial pre-evaluation indicated superior antibacterial efficacy (>90% inhibition) of these extracts, while microwaved water extracts showed moderate activity (~75% inhibition). The methanolic and boiled water extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial effects with MIC values <30 μg/mL against all tested pathogens except <i>S. pneumoniae</i>. Similarly, these extracts effectively disrupted biofilms formed by <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, with MBEC values approximately 25 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polar solvent extracts of <i>Q. coccifera</i> leaves exhibit significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, underlining their potential as novel antimicrobial agents or adjuncts to existing therapies. Future studies involving cytotoxicity evaluation and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy are essential to translate these findings into clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1253-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfated Lewis A from the oviduct reservoir selectively binds to camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) sperm and extends their lifespan <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Mohamed M M El-Sokary, Hamad A Albreiki, Salem Belal, Latifa R Alshamsi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1147-1155","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1147-1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Camel reproduction faces significant challenges, including poor semen preservation and a limited understanding of gamete interactions, particularly within the oviduct. Glycan-mediated sperm binding in the oviduct is pivotal for sperm storage and longevity in various species. This study aimed to evaluate the binding affinity of camel epididymal sperm to sulfated Lewis A (SuLeA) - a trisaccharide from the oviductal isthmus - and investigate its effect on sperm lifespan and viability <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fluorescent-labeled SuLeA was used to localize glycan-binding sites on camel sperm. An <i>in vitro</i> model involving biotinylated SuLeA conjugated to streptavidin-sepharose beads was developed to mimic oviductal interactions. Sperm-oviduct binding specificity was assessed by pre-incubating sperm with SuLeA before their exposure to epithelial cell aggregates. Sperm viability was evaluated over 48 h using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluorescent SuLeA showed preferential binding to the post-acrosomal region of camel sperm (53%, p < 0.05). Pre-incubation with SuLeA significantly inhibited sperm adhesion to oviductal aggregates (82% vs. 25%, p < 0.05), confirming binding specificity. Sperm demonstrated a high affinity to immobilized SuLeA (5 sperm/bead), which was reduced to 1 sperm/bead following glycan pre-incubation. Notably, sperm bound to immobilized SuLeA exhibited significantly higher viability (59%) after 48 h compared to unbound sperm (5%, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes that SuLeA selectively binds to camel sperm at the post-acrosomal region, mimicking physiological sperm-oviduct adhesion. The interaction not only confirms glycan specificity but also significantly prolongs sperm viability. These findings provide a promising foundation for developing freeze-free preservation techniques and improving artificial insemination protocols in camelids.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1147-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the physical and chemical properties of vaginal discharge for the diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cattle.","authors":"Nest Dale Bartolome, Ruchikon Jongsuwanwattana, Sariya Asawakarn, Siriwat Suadsong, Kiattisak Sangpradit, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1322-1332","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1322-1332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Postpartum endometritis is a major cause of infertility in dairy cattle, impacting herd productivity and economic sustainability. Although traditional diagnostic methods are available, there remains a need for simple, rapid, and accurate cow-side diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection and management of clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SCE). This study aimed to (i) evaluate the diagnostic performance of vaginal discharge parameters - pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) - using a portable flat-surface electrode probe, and pH and leukocyte esterase (LE) activity using reagent strips and (ii) establish optimal cut-off values for these parameters to support practical on-farm screening of endometritis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-eight postpartum Holstein Friesian cows were enrolled. Vaginal discharge was collected using a Metricheck device and analyzed for pH, TDS, salinity, and EC. Concurrently, pH and LE activity were assessed using reagent strips. Endometrial cytology was performed to diagnose CE and SCE. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pH values measured by both the meter and strip were significantly higher in cows with normal uterine health compared to those with CE (p = 0.010 and p = 0.008, respectively). LE activity was significantly elevated in cows with CE (p = 0.001). ROC analysis identified optimal cut-off values: pH meter ≤8.35 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.768) and LE strip ≥2 (AUC = 0.835) for diagnosing CE. Combining pH and LE strip results improved diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.801), achieving 65.22% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, and 76.6% accuracy. TDS, salinity, and EC were not significantly associated with uterine health status (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined evaluation of vaginal discharge pH and LE activity offers a practical, cost-effective cow-side screening method for diagnosing endometritis in dairy cattle. In contrast, TDS, salinity, and EC measurements were not diagnostically informative. The proposed approach may enhance herd health management by enabling timely identification and treatment of endometritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1322-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, cytological, and reproductive hormone characterization of estrus in Pasundan heifers synchronized with double injection of prostaglandin F2α.","authors":"Rini Widyastuti, Nena Hilmia, Diky Ramdani, Rahmat Hidayat, Iman Hernaman, Andre Rivanda Daud, Ken Ratu Ghazirah Alhuur, Matni Syifa Bayani, Rangga Setiawan, Sigit Prastowo, Santoso Santoso, Vidi Wulandari","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1357-1364","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1357-1364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pasundan cattle, a native Indonesian breed with valuable reproductive traits, face population decline due to limited conservation efforts. Estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a viable strategy to support genetic improvement and sustainable breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological, cytological, and hormonal responses associated with estrus synchronization in Pasundan heifers following a double-injection protocol of PGF2α.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen healthy Pasundan heifers (2.0-2.5 years old; body condition score 3) received two intramuscular PGF2α injections 11 days apart. Estrus signs were assessed through vulva morphology, cervical mucus viscosity, and vaginal electrical resistance (VER) on days 0, 4, 5, 11-15. Vaginal cytology was conducted to classify epithelial cells, and blood samples were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and estradiol through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak estrus response occurred on day 14 post-initial injection, marked by maximal vulvar swelling (7.27 ± 1.15 cm), highest mucus viscosity (14.9 ± 3.00 mm), and lowest VER (198.67 ± 29.61 Ohms). Cytologically, superficial and keratinized epithelial cells dominated (64.22%), indicating estrus. Hormonal assays revealed elevated FSH (5.08 mIU/mL) and estradiol (0.214 pg/mL), alongside a nadir in progesterone (0.162 ng/mL). Estrus was observed in 88.89% of heifers on day 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Double-injection PGF2α effectively synchronized estrus in Pasundan heifers, with day 14 being optimal for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The synchronization protocol demonstrated clear correlations between physical, cytological, and hormonal parameters. This protocol provides a reliable basis for reproductive management in Pasundan cattle, facilitating conservation and productivity. Future studies should assess conception outcomes post-FTAI to validate long-term reproductive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1357-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}