Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Saadi, Amer Nubgan, Ali Hadi Abbas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.8-14","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.8-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a knowledge gap regarding the genetic sequences of asymptomatic and symptomatic CPV-2 cases. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of viral capsid protein 1 (<i>VP1</i>) and viral capsid protein 2 (<i>VP2</i>), two major capsid-encoding genes, to demonstrate the possible role of certain mutations in triggering infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting <i>VP1</i> and <i>VP2</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in <i>VP1</i> and <i>VP2</i> and in the intergenic sequence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified significant genetic mutations in <i>VP1, VP2</i>, and the intergenic regions of CPV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in Iraq. These mutations may contribute to the virus's ability to evade control measures such as vaccination. These findings indicate that CPV-2 polymorphisms can influence the clinical state of the disease and/or trigger infection. Understanding these genetic variations provides critical insights into CPV-2 pathogenesis and could inform improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the virus's impact in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle in Northern Egypt.","authors":"Sarah G Yousef, Hend M El Damaty, Hussein A Elsheikh, Yousry A El-Shazly, Eman Metwally, Samar Atwa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.238-248","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.238-248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that poses significant economic threats to livestock globally. This study aimed to confirm the presence of FMD virus (FMDV) in Egyptian cattle and identify the predominant serotypes contributing to outbreaks in Sharkia and Dakahlia provinces in 2022.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 65 cattle showing acute FMD symptoms were sampled. Desquamated epithelial tissues and oral secretions were analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with universal and serotype-specific primers. Seven representative samples underwent sequencing for phylogenetic and genetic variability analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All sampled animals tested positive for FMDV. Serotype A accounted for 72.3% of cases, while 27.7% were serotype O. Sequence analysis identified FMDV serotype A (African topotype, genotype IV) and serotype O (East Africa-3 topotype) as the outbreak-causing strains. The identified strains exhibited significant genetic divergence from the vaccine strains used in Egypt, with notable amino acid substitutions in the VP1 protein's G-H loop. These mutations raise concerns about the efficacy of existing vaccines against current field strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the ongoing threat of FMD in Egypt, particularly among smallholder cattle farmers. The genetic divergence between circulating FMDV and vaccine strains underscores the need to continuously monitor and update vaccine formulations to enhance disease control efforts. Implementing stricter animal movement regulations and tailored vaccination strategies is essential for effective management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"238-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing nutrient intake, egg production, and egg quality by fermented <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> leaf meal in a diet of laying quail.","authors":"Merry Muspita Dyah Utami, Abigeil Akbar","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.133-140","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.133-140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The inclusion of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> leaf meal (LLM) in poultry feed is often limited due to its high crude fiber and mimosine content. This study investigates the potential of fermented LLM (FLM) to enhance nutrient intake, egg production, and egg quality in laying quails by reducing anti-nutritional factors through fermentation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred 42-day-old laying quails were assigned to five dietary treatments: T0 (control) = 100% basal diet (BD), T1 = 98% BD + 2% FLM, T2 = 96% BD + 4% FLM, T3 = 94% BD + 6% FLM, and T4 = 92% BD + 8% FLM. Parameters including nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, egg weight, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and yolk color were measured over a 28-day trial. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's test for significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FLM supplementation significantly improved energy, protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus intake while reducing FCR. At 4% FLM inclusion, significant enhancements in egg production, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and yolk color were observed. Conversely, fiber intake and overall feed intake remained unaffected across treatments. The highest egg production (56.43%) and best yolk color (8,95) were observed in the 8% FLM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating FLM into the diets of laying quails effectively enhances nutrient utilization and improves egg production and quality without increasing feed intake. The optimal inclusion level for maximizing benefits appears to be 4-8% FLM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytogenic feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: A review.","authors":"Noor Aminullah, Allauddin Mostamand, Ahmadullah Zahir, Obaidullah Mahaq, Mohammad Naeem Azizi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.141-154","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.141-154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overuse of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, particularly poultry, has led to growing concerns about multidrug microbial resistance, posing significant risks to both animal and human health. Subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics have traditionally been used to enhance growth and improve economic efficiency in poultry farming. However, these practices have facilitated the emergence of resistant microbial strains, threatening global health security and prompting a search for sustainable alternatives. This review highlights the significance of phytogenic as feed additives (PFAs) as promising substitutes for antibiotic as feed additives (AFAs) in poultry production. PFAs, derived from plant-based compounds, exhibit multiple beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects. Moreover, they offer the potential to produce high-quality organic poultry products while reducing the likelihood of microbial resistance. Despite these advantages, inconsistent results among studies underscore the importance of standardized approaches to maximize their efficacy. This review aims to evaluate the current status of antibiotic use in poultry farming globally, explore the properties and mechanisms of PFAs, and assess their potential as viable alternatives to antibiotics. By consolidating available knowledge, this review provides insights into the benefits and challenges associated with PFAs, offering guidance for future research and practical applications in sustainable poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of superoxide dismutase 1 c.118: G>A mutation associated with canine degenerative myelopathy in German Shepherd dogs from Uruguay and Paraguay.","authors":"Rody Artigas, Carolina Menchaca, Liz Castro, Alejandra Mondino, Yamila Perdomo, Facundo Bera, Sofía Stagno, Micaela Borca, Natalia Mendez, José Ramirez, Silvia Llambí","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2992-2997","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2992-2997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that affects different dog breeds. It has an invariably fatal outcome once the clinical symptoms begin. This study aimed to investigate the population behavior of the mutation superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) c.118: G>A responsible for the high risk of developing DM in two populations of German Shepherd dogs from Uruguay and Paraguay.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 158 German Shepherd dogs from Uruguay (n = 114) and Paraguay (n = 44) were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood. The SOD1 c.118: G>A mutation was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and subsequently validated using sequencing. Allelic and genotypic frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated for both populations. The rate of clinical progression was evaluated in animals homozygous for the mutation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequencies of allele A associated with a higher risk of DM, were 0.15 and 0.23 in Paraguay and Uruguay, respectively. Paraguay's population was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 1.00), whereas the population of dogs from Uruguay deviated from equilibrium (p = 0.008). When comparing the populations, no significant difference was observed in the distribution of genotypes (p = 0.26). When evaluating the clinical progression rate, all animals aged >10 years showed clinical symptoms compatible with DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated for the first time the presence of the SOD1:c118 G>A mutation in German Shepherd dogs from Uruguay and Paraguay. The frequency detected in Uruguay was significant. Although the frequency was lower in Paraguay, the allele was present. This demonstrates the need to implement genotyping tests as part of a possible DM control program in both countries studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2992-2997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations improve the <i>in silico</i> dimerization of hookworm tubulin: An additional resistance mechanism.","authors":"Jan Clyden B Tenorio, Muhammad Fikri Heikal, Alok Kafle, Prasert Saichua, Sutas Suttiprapa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2736-2746","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2736-2746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Mutations in the β-tubulin genes of helminths confer benzimidazole (BZ) resistance by reducing the drug's binding efficiency to the expressed protein. However, the effects of these resistance-associated mutations on tubulin dimer formation in soil-transmitted helminths remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of these mutations on the <i>in silico</i> dimerization of hookworm α- and β-tubulins using open-source bioinformatics tools.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using AlphaFold 3, the α- and β-tubulin amino acid sequences of <i>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</i> were used to predict the structural fold of the hookworm tubulin heterodimer. The modeled complexes were subjected to several protein structure quality assurance checks. The binding free energies, overall binding affinity, dissociation constant, and interacting amino acids of the complex were determined. The dimer's structural flexibility and motion were simulated through molecular dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BZ resistance-associated amino acid substitutions in the β-tubulin isotype 1 protein of hookworms altered tubulin dimerization. The E198K, E198V, and F200Y mutations conferred the strongest and most stable binding between the α and β subunits, surpassing that of the wild-type. In contrast, complexes with the Q134H and F200L mutations exhibited the opposite effect. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that wild-type and mutant tubulin dimers exhibited similar dynamic behavior, with slight deviations in those carrying the F200L and E198K mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resistance-associated mutations in hookworms impair BZ binding to β-tubulin and enhance tubulin dimer interactions, thereby increasing the parasite's ability to withstand treatment. Conversely, other mutations weaken these interactions, potentially compromising hookworm viability. These findings offer novel insights into helminth tubulin dimerization and provide a valuable foundation for developing anthelmintics targeting this crucial biological process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2736-2746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High antimicrobial resistance rates and multidrug resistance in <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates from poultry in Souk Ahras region, Algeria.","authors":"Khaoula Kamel, Amina Merghad, Djanette Barour, Djalel Eddine Gherissi, Tarek Khenenou","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2709-2718","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2709-2718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family represents a major global health problem for humans and animals. This study aimed to determine AMR levels and highlight the different resistance profiles of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates collected from healthy broiler chickens in eastern Algeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 200 cloacal swabs of healthy broilers from several poultry farms located in the Souk Ahras region (eastern Algeria) were collected. Samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, and the isolated bacteria were identified using the API 20E system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin (CT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and forty-one isolates of commensal <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were recovered, including: <i>Escherichia coli</i> (n = 194; 80.5%), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (n = 21; 8.71%), <i>Escherichia fergusonii</i> (n = 8, 3.32%), <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (n = 7, 2.9%)<i>, Enterobacter cloacae</i> (n = 4, 1.66%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (n = 3, 1.25%), <i>Serratia</i> spp. (n = 3, 1.25%), and <i>Kluyvera</i> spp. (n = 1, 0.41%). High resistance rates were observed toward erythromycin (100%), doxycycline (96.68%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (95.85%), ciprofloxacin (94.19%), ampicillin (90.04%), kanamycin (78.01%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (69.71%). However, moderate-to-low resistance rates were observed for CT (25.31%), ceftazidime (12.45%), and cefotaxime (8.71%). Interestingly, only two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates were detected. All isolates (100%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), among which 58.92% were resistant to six and seven antibiotics. Forty AMR profiles were identified, reflecting a wide diversity of resistance with combinations of three to ten antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed alarming rates of AMR, highlighting the need to take measures to combat the phenomenon of AMR to protect animals and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2709-2718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound elastography in dogs: Physical principles and application in intestinal evaluation.","authors":"Iago Martins Oliveira, Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva, Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro, Mariana Moreira Lopes, Paulo Renato Dos Santos Costa, Naida Cristina Borges","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2985-2991","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2985-2991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound elastography provides diagnostic information based on tissue elasticity. There is a lack of specific studies on the application of elastography in canine intestinal assessment. Therefore, we reviewed comparative medicine studies and those referring to the literature listed in the databases. Static and dynamic elastography techniques are widely applied in human intestinal diseases, especially Chron's disease, but few studies have investigated the application of these modalities in canine enteropathies. This case raises questions about the use of new diagnostic imaging techniques in veterinary gastroenterology and highlights the need for further research. Hence, this study aimed to review the literature on the physical principles of elastography and its clinical application in the intestinal evaluation of dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2985-2991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of ruminant brucellosis and associated risk factors in some Egyptian Governorates.","authors":"Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam, Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam, Hend I Elsharkawy, Mai Mohamed Kandil, Amany Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed, Fatma Ali, Mohamed A Gebely, Safaa Y Nour, Doaa Sedky, Mona Ebrahim Hussien Abd El-Gawad, Hoda M Zaki, Nazek Al-Gallas, Amal M Aboelmaaty, Mona Mohamed Sobhy, Nagwa Sayed Ata, Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid, Ghada A Badawy","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2780-2796","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2780-2796","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Brucellosis contributes to significant economic losses due to abortion, weak newborns, infertility, and up to 20% reductions in milk yield in carrier animals. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis in six Egyptian governorates. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ruminant brucellosis and evaluate the risk factors regarding the epidemiological status, highlighting the importance of early carrier detection for the success of control programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 3000 ruminants were investigated. Blood and serum samples were collected for routine hemato-biochemical analysis (complete blood picture and metabolic panel). In addition, genotoxicity analysis was performed, whereas tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and complement fixation test (CFT) were used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. The obtained bacterial colonies were typed using &lt;i&gt;Brucella abortus&lt;/i&gt;-&lt;i&gt;, melitensis&lt;/i&gt;-, &lt;i&gt;ovis&lt;/i&gt;-, and &lt;i&gt;sui&lt;/i&gt;s-polymerase chain reaction (AMOS-PCR), depending on the variability of the &lt;i&gt;IS711&lt;/i&gt; fragment among &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; spp. Serum trace elements, oxidative stress, and acute phase proteins were compared according to body condition score (BCS) and clinical condition images within the study population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mastitis and abortion were the key recorded symptoms (9.966%, 299/3000 and 6%, 180/3000, respectively); however, symptomless individuals were predominant (82.9%, 2487/3000). Blood lymphocytosis was prominent even in asymptomatic animals. Nutritional and food conversion conditions were defined as low, moderate, or high BCS. &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; overall seropositivity by BAPAT, RBPT, and CFT was 6.1% (182/3000), 5.6% (168/3000), and 5.1% (154/3000) in ruminant species within the included governorates, respectively. Upon diagnosis, 154 seropositive cases developed 93 bacterial isolates and a 731-bp PCR fragment whose sequences confirmed &lt;i&gt;Brucella melitensis&lt;/i&gt; biovar 3. Serum metabolic and biochemical profiles, acute phase proteins, trace elements, and oxidative stress concentrations were indicative of loss of functionality in the liver and kidneys, malnutrition and malabsorption syndrome, and DNA damage, particularly in the low-BCS groups (p &lt; 0.0001). Granulomatous lesions were most prominent in the lymph nodes, spleen, uterus, and udder of the dams, while placental multifocal necrosis with thrombosis was recorded in aborted fetuses. There were 8 types of chromosomal aberrations detected in peripheral white blood cells. The highest frequency was for dicentric aberrations 0.025% (25/1000), whereas the lowest 0.009% (9/1000) was for acentric, ring, fusion, and polyploidy. The difference between species was significant for BCS; 14.2% in low-BCS cattle and camels and 8.4% in high-BCS buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2780-2796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the causes of mortality in cetaceans and sirenian populations in the Andaman Sea, Thailand: A retrospective analysis spanning 2018-2023.","authors":"Chayanis Daochai, Peerapon Sornying, Narissara Keawchana, Sareepah Manmoo, Piyarat Khumraksa, Patchaporn Kaewmong, Santi Ninwat, Tipamat Upanoi, Pimwarang Sukkarun, Watcharapol Suyapoh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2889-2898","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.2889-2898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cetaceans and sirenians are endangered marine mammals that are threatened by stranding and mortality. In Thailand's Andaman Sea, limited data exist on the causes and patterns of these events. This retrospective study investigated the characterization and underlying causes of cetacean and sirenian mortality events in the Andaman Sea from 2018 to 2023 using information from the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data on 363 stranded marine mammals, including both live and dead strandings, species types, carcass condition, and necropsy findings and diagnoses, were gathered and analyzed to classify and determine the main factors contributing to mortality, encompassing both direct human-related and non-direct human-related causes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2018 to 2023, 231 cetaceans and 132 sirenians were documented, representing six families and 19 species. Of these animals, 18.18% (66/363) were stranded alive and 81.81% (297/363) were found dead. The most common species were dugong (<i>Dugong dugon</i>) and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (<i>Sousa chinensis</i>). Detailed postmortem analyses of 107 specimens showed that 17.76% (19/107) of deaths were anthropogenic, affecting 8 sirenians and 11 cetaceans. The majority of deaths were non-anthropogenic, involving 34 sirenians and 54 cetaceans. In addition, 223 stranded animals could not be fully assessed due to carcass condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high cetacean and sirenian mortality rate in the Andaman Sea can be attributed to non-anthropogenic factors. The dugong and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin were the most frequently encountered species. This report enhances our understanding of marine mammal mortality in Thailand and underscores the need for improved health management and diagnostic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"17 12","pages":"2889-2898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}