Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Operational zoonotic containment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: An implementation-oriented One Health genomic framework.","authors":"Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1322-1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1322-1341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a persistent zoonotic threat more than a decade after its first detection, with Saudi Arabia continuing to be the global epicenter of human infections and the main reservoir interface through dromedary camels. Despite ongoing surveillance, advances in molecular diagnostics, and research on vaccines and therapeutics, sporadic zoonotic spillovers and healthcare-associated outbreaks still occur, showing that current prevention strategies are still not enough. This review compiles current evidence from epidemiological studies, camel reservoir research, genomic monitoring, and public health reports published between 2012 and April 2025 to identify the key gaps preventing effective containment. Special focus is given to recent genomic discoveries, including post-2022 clade B sublineages, recombination events, and spike protein changes that might affect transmission and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Available data suggest that MERS-CoV epidemiology is driven by repeated camel-to-human transmission, followed by occasional amplification in healthcare settings rather than sustained community spread. High seroprevalence and frequent detection of viral RNA in juvenile camels, seasonal gathering in markets, and extensive animal movement networks contribute to ongoing viral circulation at the animal-human interface. Genomic studies consistently show close phylogenetic relationships between camel and human isolates, confirming recurrent zoonotic transmissions. However, fragmented surveillance systems, delayed genomic data integration, inconsistent biosecurity practices, and limited field evidence for camel vaccination pose major barriers to control. Additionally, hospital outbreaks continue to occur due to delayed diagnosis, overcrowding, and incomplete adherence to infection-prevention protocols, underscoring the need for improved clinical preparedness. Based on the integrated synthesis of epidemiological, veterinary, and genomic evidence, this review proposes an implementation-focused One Health genomic framework tailored to the Saudi context. The proposed roadmap highlights real-time connection of human and camel surveillance, expands genomic sequencing capacity, targets vaccination strategies in camels and high-risk human populations, standardizes biosecurity measures in markets and abattoirs, and strengthens infection control systems in healthcare facilities. Alignment with national governance structures and Saudi Vision 2030 offers a practical pathway for coordinated multi-sectoral action. This review concludes that MERS-CoV is unlikely to be eradicated soon, but it can be effectively managed through a genomics-enabled, operational One Health approach that combines surveillance, vaccination, clinical preparedness, and policy coordination. The model outlined here provides a scalable way to reduce zoonotic spillover risk and strengthen readiness against future coronavirus and emer","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1322-1341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative hematological and physiological responses to ground and pool training in Colombian Paso Horses.","authors":"Santiago Lenis-Álvarez, José Ramón Martínez-Aranzales, Maria Patricia Arias-Gutierrez","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1246-1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1246-1256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Exercise training causes physiological and hematological changes that are crucial for enhancing athletic performance in horses. While these responses have been extensively studied in various equine breeds, there is limited information regarding Colombian Paso Horses (CPH), especially concerning the comparative effects of different training methods. Ground-based training is frequently used to improve gait and speed, whereas aquatic exercise has become an alternative conditioning approach that lessens musculoskeletal stress. However, the physiological responses related to these training modalities in CPH are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the immediate physiological responses of the hemo-leukogram, blood lactate levels, and heart rate in CPH undergoing ground and pool training.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten clinically healthy CPH horses (6 females and 4 males), with an average age of 10 ± 4 years and a body weight of approximately 350 ± 20 kg, participated in this repeated-measures study. The horses performed high-intensity exercise on ground and aquatic training modalities, with a 30-day interval between protocols. Each session lasted 40 minutes and included warm-up, moderate-to-high-intensity activity, and a cool-down phase. Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before and immediately after exercise to assess hematological parameters and blood lactate levels. Heart rate was continuously monitored using a heart rate monitor. Data were analyzed using either parametric or non-parametric statistical tests, depending on the distribution, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both training modalities elicited significant post-exercise physiological responses. Ground exercise caused a notable increase in erythrocytes, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and globulins (p < 0.05). Pool training also led to significant increases in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (p < 0.05). Blood lactate levels rose from approximately 1.04 to 5.80 mmol/L after ground exercise and from 1.29 to 2.46 mmol/L after pool exercise. Heart rate significantly increased in both methods, reaching about 203 bpm during ground exercise and 215 bpm during pool exercise. Long-term adaptations included a significant decrease in resting heart rate after both training protocols, indicating enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Overall, physiological responses were more pronounced after ground exercise compared to aquatic exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-intensity ground and aquatic exercises both induce significant hematological and physiological responses in CPH. However, ground-based training causes greater metabolic and hematological changes, indicating higher physiological demands. In contrast, aquatic exercise offers a lower-impact conditioning option that boosts cardiovascular efficiency while reducing mechanical stress. These findings e","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1246-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of mitoquinol mesylate in dogs with methylprednisolone acetate-induced steroid hepatopathy: A randomized crossover study.","authors":"Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Madara Nikolajenko, Aija Ilgaza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1356-1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1356-1367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Glucocorticoids are commonly used in veterinary medicine but often cause liver changes characterized by glycogen buildup, enzyme activation, and oxidative stress, known as steroid hepatopathy. Mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that has shown hepatoprotective effects in experimental models; however, its potential benefits in dogs have not yet been studied. This research aimed to assess the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of MitoQ in dogs with experimentally induced methylprednisolone acetate (MPA)-related steroid hepatopathy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized two-period crossover study was conducted using seven healthy adult Beagle dogs. Each treatment period lasted 28 days and was separated by a 28-day washout phase. In both periods, MPA (2 mg/kg, intramuscular) was administered on day 0 to induce steroid hepatopathy. Dogs received either MitoQ (20 mg/day/dog, orally) or a placebo once daily during each treatment period according to the crossover design. Clinical monitoring was performed daily. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to measure alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CIAP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Liver biopsies were obtained on days 0, 14, and 28 for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) detection. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPA administration increased ALP, CIAP, and GGT activities in both groups, confirming steroid hepatopathy. Dogs receiving MitoQ exhibited lower enzyme elevations and a quicker return toward baseline compared to placebo-treated dogs, although not all differences reached statistical significance. Histological examination showed typical glycogen-type hepatocellular vacuolation in both groups, but lesions were generally milder in the MitoQ-treated group. PAS staining confirmed glycogen accumulation, and α-SMA immunostaining indicated only mild stellate cell activation, which tended to be lower during MitoQ treatment. No clinically relevant adverse effects were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MitoQ modestly reduced biochemical and histological changes linked to MPA-induced steroid hepatopathy in dogs and may serve as a promising adjunctive hepatoprotective therapy during glucocorticoid use. Larger controlled studies with longer follow-up periods and oxidative stress biomarkers are necessary to verify these initial results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1356-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status, challenges, and future prospects of veterinary vaccines for sustainable livestock production in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Zahangir Hosain, Tahmina Begum, Md Bayzer Rahman, Sharmin Sultana, Md Mostofa Kamal","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1300-1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1300-1321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary vaccines are crucial tools for preventing infectious diseases, boosting animal productivity, and supporting sustainable livestock farming. This review examines the current status, challenges, and future outlook of veterinary vaccine development, production, and use in Bangladesh. The livestock sector in Bangladesh is vital for food security, rural livelihoods, and the national economy, contributing about 1.8% to the gross domestic product and supporting millions of farmers. Yet, the sector continues to suffer significant losses from infectious diseases such as foot-and-Mouth Disease, Peste des Petits ruminants, anthrax, hemorrhagic septicemia, Newcastle disease, and avian influenza. Therefore, effective vaccination programs are essential for disease control and improving livestock productivity. Bangladesh has gradually increased its veterinary vaccine production capacity through institutions such as the Livestock Research Institute and the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, with growing participation from private pharmaceutical companies. Over the past decade, vaccine production has risen from approximately 236 million doses in 2015-2016 to about 327 million doses in 2024-2025. Despite this progress, domestic production still falls short of meeting national demand. Current estimates show that locally produced vaccines cover only about 23%-27% of the demand for ruminant vaccines and roughly 6%-13% for poultry vaccines, leading to a heavy dependence on imported vaccines. Major challenges facing the veterinary vaccine sector include limited production capacity, outdated manufacturing infrastructure, lack of advanced vaccine technologies, regulatory hurdles, weak cold-chain logistics, and insufficient investment in research and development. Nevertheless, Bangladesh has significant opportunities to strengthen its veterinary vaccine ecosystem. Advances in molecular biology, recombinant vaccine technologies, genomic surveillance, and thermostable vaccine development offer promising pathways to improve vaccine efficacy and accessibility. Additionally, better collaboration between public institutions, academia, and private industry, along with supportive government policies and stronger regulatory frameworks, could greatly expand local vaccine production and lessen reliance on imports. Overall, strengthening veterinary vaccine research, manufacturing capacity, quality assurance systems, and distribution infrastructure is crucial for achieving sustainable livestock production in Bangladesh. Improved vaccine access and coverage will not only boost livestock productivity but also support food security, reduce economic losses, and contribute to national and global One Health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1300-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic-uterine-ovarian interactions and flushing therapy in dairy cows: a narrative review.","authors":"Chandra Brahmantya, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Imam Mustofa, Sri Mulyati, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Santoso Santoso, Erma Safitri, Saifur Rehman, Langgeng Priyanto, Bima Putra Pratama, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1097-1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1097-1118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian hypofunction is a major reproductive disorder in dairy cows and contributes substantially to reduced fertility, prolonged days open, and economic losses. Increasing evidence indicates that this condition is not solely an ovarian problem but part of a broader immunometabolic disturbance that also affects uterine health during the postpartum transition period. Negative energy balance after calving leads to elevated circulating metabolites such as non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, which trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. These changes impair hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian activity, suppress steroidogenesis, and delay follicular development. At the same time, metabolic stress weakens uterine immune defense, slows uterine involution, and increases susceptibility to endometritis, creating a reciprocal cycle in which uterine inflammation further inhibits ovarian reactivation. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between ovarian function and uterine health from an immunometabolic perspective. A structured literature search of major scientific databases was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed studies addressing postpartum metabolism, immune responses, reproductive physiology, and non-hormonal therapeutic approaches in dairy cows. The review integrates endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory mechanisms into a unified framework explaining how immune-metabolic imbalance disrupts reproductive homeostasis. Within this framework, uterine flushing therapy is discussed as a practical non-hormonal intervention aimed at restoring uterine conditions rather than directly inducing ovulation. By removing inflammatory exudates, reducing endotoxin load, improving endometrial perfusion, and supporting immune resolution, flushing may indirectly promote normalization of hormonal signaling and ovarian activity. Field evidence suggests that, when combined with appropriate nutritional and herd management strategies, this approach can improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce reliance on repeated hormonal treatments. Overall, adopting an immunometabolic management strategy that integrates metabolic monitoring, uterine health assessment, and targeted supportive interventions offers a promising pathway to enhance reproductive efficiency and sustainability in modern dairy production systems. Further standardized field trials and biomarker-guided protocols are needed to validate these approaches and facilitate their wider on-farm implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1097-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from companion and livestock animals in Indonesia.","authors":"Alyaa Rifqoh Putri Yosyana, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia, Ghias Ghifari Alhadz, Fatkhanuddin Aziz","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.978-991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.978-991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> represents a critical threat to veterinary and public health, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains facilitating zoonotic transmission across animal species. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of key antibiotic resistance genes in MDR <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from companion and livestock animals in Indonesia, and to assess their potential for interspecies dissemination within a One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 121 bacterial isolates were collected from bovine milk (n = 30), cats (n = 61), dogs (n = 18), rabbits (n = 7), and goats (n = 5) between June 2024 and August 2025 in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. Phenotypic identification involved biochemical tests (catalase, coagulase, mannitol fermentation), antimicrobial susceptibility testing via disk diffusion against seven antibiotics (tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin, penicillin G, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin), and genotypic confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <i>23S rRNA</i>, <i>nuc</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes. Resistance genes (<i>mecA</i>, <i>blaZ</i>, <i>aacA-D</i>, <i>ermA</i>, <i>tetK</i>, <i>tetM</i>, <i>msrB</i>, <i>linA</i>, <i>norA</i>) were detected via targeted PCR. MDR was defined as resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) for comparing resistance patterns across hosts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the isolates, 55 (45.5%) were confirmed as <i>S. aureus</i>, with the highest prevalence in bovine milk (80%) and rabbits (85.7%). All exhibited MDR phenotypes, predominantly to penicillin (20%-72%), tetracycline (17%-28%), and clindamycin. Erythromycin resistance varied significantly across sources (p < 0.05). Genotypically, <i>tetK</i> was universal (100%), followed by <i>linA</i> (85.5%), <i>norA</i> (81.8%), <i>mecA</i> (76.4%), and <i>blaZ</i> (69.1%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) occurred in <i>tetM</i>, <i>blaZ</i>, <i>aacA-D</i>, <i>norA</i>, and <i>msrB</i> distribution. Co-occurrence of <i>mecA</i>, <i>blaZ</i>, and <i>tetK</i> suggested horizontal gene transfer. Phenotypic-genotypic discrepancies were noted, potentially due to alternative genes (e.g., <i>mecC</i>, <i>ermC</i>) or regulatory mechanisms. MDR patterns were prominent in bovine and cat isolates, with complex gene combinations (≥ 4 genes) in over 50% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals shared resistance gene profiles in MDR <i>S. aureus</i> from Indonesian animals, highlighting zoonotic risks and the need for integrated AMR surveillance. Limitations include the targeted PCR's scope; future work should employ whole-genome sequencing to enable comprehensive resistome analysis and transmission studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"978-991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated molecular, immunoinformatic, and structural analysis reveals emerging antigenic divergence of Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O during the 2022-2023 outbreaks in Indonesia.","authors":"Rahma Isartina Anwar, Rika Indri Astuti, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari, Tri Puji Priyatno, Santoso Santoso, Harimurti Nuradji, Aris Tri Wahyudi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.888-904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.888-904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>After more than three decades of freedom from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Indonesia experienced widespread outbreaks in 2022-2023, raising major concerns regarding viral evolution and vaccine effectiveness. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O remains the predominant circulating serotype in the region. However, the immunological and structural consequences of recent genetic variation have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to integrate molecular, immunoinformatic, and structural analyses to characterize FMDV serotype O isolates from West Java and South Sumatra and to assess their implications for antigenicity, immune recognition, and vaccine matching.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical epithelial samples were collected from naturally infected cattle during outbreaks in West Java and South Sumatra. Viral RNA was extracted, and the capsid genes <i>VP1</i>, <i>VP2</i>, and <i>VP3</i> were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using VP1 nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Immunoinformatic analyses were conducted to predict <i>VP1</i>-derived T-cell (BoLA-restricted) and B-cell epitopes, followed by in silico evaluation of antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Structural analyses included prediction of <i>VP1</i> ligand-binding pockets and molecular docking between <i>VP1</i> and Toll-like receptor 7 (<i>TLR7</i>) to explore innate immune recognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequence comparison revealed reduced identity of <i>VP1</i> (98.26-99.05%) and <i>VP3</i> (as low as 98.48%) relative to the 2022 Indonesian reference strain. Phylogenetic analysis identified three nucleotide-based clusters and two amino acid-based clusters, indicating intra-country diversification and the emergence of potential micro-lineages. Several amino acid substitutions occurred near known immunogenic regions of <i>VP1</i>, resulting in altered T- and B-cell epitope binding profiles in selected isolates. Predicted epitopes were predominantly antigenic and non-toxic, although some showed potential allergenicity. Structural modeling demonstrated variability in <i>VP1</i> binding-pocket composition among isolates. Docking analysis revealed favorable <i>VP1-TLR7</i> interactions, particularly in selected South Sumatra isolates, suggesting strong innate immune engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This integrated molecular-immunoinformatic-structural analysis demonstrates that newly circulating Indonesian FMDV serotype O isolates exhibit genetic, antigenic, and structural divergence that may reduce current vaccine matching. Continuous molecular surveillance and regionally adapted vaccine design are therefore essential to maintain effective FMD control in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"888-904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobanks in veterinary forensic medicine: A systematic review on Advances, challenges, and applications in combating wildlife trafficking.","authors":"Natália Freitas de Souza, Teng Fwu Shing, Leticia Gondim Souto, Fernanda de Freitas Alves Vieira, Juliana Keiko Louriçal Firmo Nishihara, Nadia Yumi Yamamoto Dos Santos, Bianca Parcianello Rostirolla, Marcela da Costa Gomes, Fernanda Barthelson Carvalho de Moura, Noeme Sousa Rocha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.933-947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.933-947","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Biobanks represent organized repositories of biological samples linked to associated data, designed for long-term scientific, clinical, and forensic utilization. In veterinary medicine, animal biobanks facilitate biomedical research, genetic resource preservation, species conservation, and forensic investigations. The present systematic review aimed to synthesize advances, persistent challenges, and practical applications of biobanks in veterinary forensic medicine, with particular emphasis on their contribution to detection, investigation, and suppression of wildlife trafficking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic literature search was conducted across Periódicos Capes, PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications from 2013 to 2023. Search strings combined terms such as \"animal biobank\", \"animal biorepository\", \"wildlife forensic\", \"wildlife trafficking\", and \"forensic veterinary\" (English), together with Portuguese equivalents. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English or Portuguese that explicitly addressed biobanks in veterinary forensic contexts or wildlife crime were included. The review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Screening involved title/abstract evaluation followed by full-text assessment. Data were narratively synthesized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 1,495 records identified, 15 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria after exclusion of 1,460 irrelevant or non-qualifying publications. No eligible articles appeared between 2013 and 2014. From 2015 onward, publications demonstrated progressive refinement, transitioning from molecular barcoding for species identification toward integrated applications in geographic origin assignment, chain-of-custody documentation, and evidentiary support in judicial proceedings. Key materials included DNA from muscle, scales, claws, and feathers; cryopreserved gonadal tissues; and somatic cells derived from minimally invasive sources (e.g., feather follicles) or roadkill specimens. Studies highlighted particular utility in identifying fraudulently labeled fishery products, counterfeit mammalian derivatives (e.g., fake tiger claws), and confiscated pangolin scales, as well as in tracing trafficking routes in high biodiversity regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Veterinary forensic biobanks offer substantial potential for accurate species and geographic provenance determination, thereby strengthening enforcement against illegal wildlife trade. Nevertheless, implementation remains constrained by absent standardized operating procedures, limited practitioner awareness, fragmented reference databases, inadequate inter-institutional connectivity, and elevated logistic/financial demands. Regionalized biobanks integrated with wildlife screening centers (CETAS), harmonized chain-of-custody protocols, and artificial intelligence-supported data curation are proposed as priority strategies to translate ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"933-947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat-structured fungal mycobiomes at the water-gill interface of farmed red tilapia in Central Thailand: An internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing study.","authors":"Geraldine Dayrit, Mahmoud Mabrok, Sage Chaiyapechara, Channarong Rodkhum","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1196-1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1196-1214","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Tilapia aquaculture is rapidly expanding across Southeast Asia and plays a critical role in regional food security. While bacterial microbiomes of farmed fish have been widely investigated, the fungal component of aquatic microbial communities remains poorly characterized, particularly at the biologically important interface between rearing water and fish gills. Fungi may influence fish health, environmental microbial ecology, and occupational exposure risks within aquaculture systems. This study aimed to characterize fungal mycobiomes associated with rearing water and gills of clinically healthy red tilapia (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; spp. hybrids) cultured in Central Thailand using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA amplicon sequencing and to determine how habitat type, farming system, and environmental variables shape fungal community structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Samples were collected from ten tilapia farms located in five provinces of Central Thailand, representing two aquaculture systems: open river cages and closed earthen ponds. A total of 27 rearing water samples and 30 composite gill samples were analyzed. Fungal DNA was extracted and the ITS1 region was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence processing and amplicon sequence variant inference were performed in QIIME2 using the DADA2 pipeline. Alpha diversity indices and beta diversity analyses were used to evaluate community structure, while multivariate statistical approaches assessed the influence of habitat type, geographic location, farming style, and physicochemical water parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Fungal communities displayed considerable taxonomic diversity and differed significantly between habitats. Rearing water samples exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity than gill-associated communities. Dominant genera included &lt;i&gt;Cladosporium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Rhodotorula&lt;/i&gt;. Gill communities were relatively enriched in &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt;, whereas rearing water contained higher abundances of &lt;i&gt;Cladosporium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Rhodotorula&lt;/i&gt;. Beta diversity analyses demonstrated significant effects of sampling source, province, and farming system on fungal community composition. Environmental parameters such as pH, nitrate concentration, and ionic strength were associated with variations in fungal diversity, particularly in rearing water. Several detected genera included taxa with known opportunistic pathogenic potential for fish and humans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides the first ITS-based baseline characterization of fungal mycobiomes associated with red tilapia aquaculture systems in Central Thailand. Distinct fungal assemblages occur at the water-gill interface, with environmental conditions and aquaculture practices influencing community composition. The presence of opportunistic fungal ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1196-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of a garlic-based additive on the performance parameters and intestinal morphology of replacement gilts in Ukraine under commercial conditions.","authors":"Vadym Lykhach, Natalia Bevz, Anna Lykhach, Ivan Balanchuk, Rostyslav Faustov, Volodymyr Shaposhnik","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1229-1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1229-1245","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The global ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock production has increased the search for safe and effective natural alternatives that can maintain productivity and support animal health. Phytogenic feed additives from medicinal plants are gaining more attention because of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Garlic (&lt;i&gt;Allium sativum&lt;/i&gt;) and caraway (&lt;i&gt;Carum carvi&lt;/i&gt;) contain bioactive compounds that can enhance digestive function and intestinal health in monogastric animals. Replacement gilts are a critical group in pig production, as their growth and intestinal development during rearing influence their reproductive longevity and herd productivity. However, limited information is available on how phytogenic additives affect intestinal structure and performance in replacement gilts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of a garlic-based phytogenic additive, \"Imunochasnyk,\" on growth performance, feed efficiency, survival rate, and small intestine histomorphology of replacement gilts under commercial production conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A controlled feeding trial was conducted on 160 clinically healthy crossbred replacement gilts (Large White × Landrace) aged 11-28 weeks under commercial conditions in southern Ukraine. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group receiving a basal diet (BD) and an experimental group receiving BD supplemented with 0.10% phytogenic additive \"Imunochasnyk,\" which contains &lt;i&gt;A. sativum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. carvi&lt;/i&gt; (1000 g/ton). Each group included 80 animals. Growth performance parameters, including live weight, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate, were monitored throughout the experimental period. At 190 days of age, five representative gilts from each group were selected for histological examination of the jejunum. Morphometric analyses of enterocyte dimensions, nucleus-to-cytoplasm (N:C) ratio, and structural characteristics of villi, crypts, goblet cells, and Paneth cells were performed. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean and analyzed statistically, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Dietary supplementation with the phytogenic additive significantly enhanced the productive performance of replacement gilts. Starting from week 17, the experimental group showed greater live weight and higher ADG than the control group. At 28 weeks of age, the final live weight reached 128.52 kg in the supplemented group compared to 118.64 kg in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The FCR decreased by 8%-11% during intensive growth phases, indicating improved feed utilization efficiency. The survival rate increased to 95.0% in the supplemented group compared to 85.0% in the control group. Histological analysis revealed notable intestinal adaptations in supplemented gilts, including a 19.6% increase in en","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1229-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}