Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb. extract as a functional alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken nutrition.","authors":"Arnold Parlindungan Sinurat, Tuti Haryati, Maijon Purba, Tiurma Pasaribu, Yan Irawan, Ryan Haryo Setyawan, Ferdy Saputra, Muhammad Ilyas, Nila Miraya, Sumiati Sumiati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1944-1954","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1944-1954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production has intensified the search for effective phytogenic alternatives. <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb., commonly known as Javanese turmeric, exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties attributed to its bioactive compounds, including xanthorrhizol and curcumin. This study evaluated the potential of a novel adjuvant extract (adjuvant <i>C. xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb. [ACX]) derived from <i>C. xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb. to replace AGPs in broiler diets. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ACX and determine its efficacy as a growth-promoting feed additive in broiler chickens relative to AGPs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ACX was produced through double extraction of dried <i>C. xanthorrhiza</i> rhizomes and standardized for xanthorrhizol and curcuminoids using high-performance liquid chromatography. <i>In vitro</i> assays determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. A total of 420 Cobb CP707 broilers were allocated to seven dietary treatments, including a negative control, a virginiamycin-positive control, and five graded ACX concentrations (20-320 ppm). Growth performance, carcass traits, internal organ weights, digestive tract dimensions, and ileal microbiota were assessed over a 35-day feeding trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACX demonstrated antimicrobial activity (MIC = 80 μg/mL) and antioxidant potential (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 57.3 μg/mL). Supplementing with 20 ppm ACX increased body weight by 7% and improved feed conversion ratio by 8% compared to control birds. Unlike AGPs, ACX supplementation did not increase feed intake, suggesting enhanced nutrient utilization. ACX also reduced abdominal fat and liver weight, with minimal impact on carcass yield or immune-related organs. Microbiota analysis revealed increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Proteobacteria in ACX- and AGP-fed groups, without disrupting microbial diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACX supplementation at 20 ppm effectively enhanced broiler performance, reduced fat deposition, and modulated gut microbiota, offering a promising phytogenic alternative to AGPs. These findings support the integration of <i>C. xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb. extract into poultry nutrition strategies aimed at sustainable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1944-1954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in mules under general anesthesia induced with a high-dose xylazine-based protocol.","authors":"Pannawat Puangsubsin, Ashannut Isawirodom, Porrakote Rungsri, Nuttapon Satumay, Aree Laikul, Worakij Cherdchutham","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1936-1943","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1936-1943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Echocardiographic assessment in equines is typically performed on standing animals; however, no studies have evaluated left ventricular function in anesthetized mules using high-dose xylazine. Given the unique pharmacokinetics in mules and their higher anesthetic requirements, this study aimed to assess the effects of acepromazine-xylazine-diazepam-ketamine anesthesia, using the upper limit xylazine dose (1.6 mg/kg), on the left ventricular size and function in mules.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six healthy adult mules (18.83 ± 0.75 years; 263.83 ± 39.34 kg) were evaluated using standard two-dimensional and M-mode transthoracic echocardiography. Measurements were obtained before sedation (standing) and 13-min post-anesthetic induction (dorsal recumbency). Each mule received an intravenous injection of acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg), xylazine (1.6 mg/kg), diazepam (0.1 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg). Key echocardiographic parameters included interventricular septum thickness (interventricular septum in diastole and interventricular septum in systole), left ventricular internal diameters (left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and left ventricular internal diameter in systole [LVIDs]), posterior wall thickness (left ventricular posterior wall in diastole and left ventricular posterior wall in systole), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). Statistical comparisons were made using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heart rate, EF, and FS significantly decreased post-anesthesia (p < 0.01), indicating reduced systolic function. Specifically, LVIDs increased from 4.60 ± 0.65 cm to 6.26 ± 0.48 cm (p < 0.01), while no significant changes were observed in diastolic parameters or respiratory rate. Anesthetic induction was smooth and graded as good to excellent in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-dose xylazine significantly suppressed systolic cardiac function in anesthetized mules without causing arrhythmias or bradyarrhythmia. The combination protocol was effective and provided safe anesthesia induction, with echocardiography proving feasible under dorsal recumbency. These findings support the cautious use of upper-limit xylazine dosing in mules and suggest echocardiographic monitoring as a valuable tool during anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1936-1943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-driven strategies for tilapia vaccines: Comparative evaluation of nanoemulsions and silica nanoparticles against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>.","authors":"Angela Mariana Lusiastuti, Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie, Melati Septiyanti, Yulianti Sampora, Tanjung Penataseputro, Thavasimutu Citarasu, Desy Sugiani, Dewi Syahidah, Indah Dwiatmi Dewijanti, Hessy Novita, Tuti Sumiati, Uni Purwaningsih, Suryanto Suryanto, Brata Pantjara, Taufik Hadi Ramli, Pramuanggit Panggih Nugroho, Khairun Nisaa, Annisa Wening Maharani Putri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1807-1818","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1807-1818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcosis, caused by <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>, is a significant disease in tilapia farming that results in substantial economic losses. While vaccination is the most effective method for prevention, current vaccines face challenges when administered orally or through immersion, primarily due to poor absorption and degradation in the fish's digestive system. Nanotechnology offers new ways to improve vaccine delivery and effectiveness. This review compares two nanoparticle (NPs)-based systems - nanoemulsions and silica NPs (SiNP) - for delivering vaccines to tilapia. Nanoemulsions are small, stable droplets that protect the vaccine and help it stick to mucosal surfaces, making them more effective in triggering immune responses. SiNP are highly stable and can protect vaccines under harsh conditions but still face challenges in particle size and vaccine loading. The review highlights important factors, including particle size, stability, and surfactant composition, that affect the vaccine's effectiveness. In practical terms, nanoemulsions are more suitable for use in Indonesia's tropical aquaculture settings because they are easier to apply, more stable, and more effective in their current formulations. Further research is needed to improve both systems, especially to ensure long-term safety, improve delivery to mucosal tissues, and reduce production costs. Nanotechnology-based vaccines have a strong potential to improve fish health and reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1807-1818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> QST 713 and L-arginine supplementation during late gestation on reproductive performance in Landrace × Yorkshire sows: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Thepsavanh Khoudphaithoune, Do Thi Kim Lanh, Nguyen Van Thanh, Bui Van Dung, Peerapol Sukon, Nguyen Hoai Nam","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2087-2094","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2087-2094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Low birth weight and within-litter variations are major challenges in swine production, often exacerbated by highly prolific sow lines. Nutritional interventions such as amino acid and probiotic supplementation have shown promise, but their combined effects remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> QST 713 and L-arginine supplementation during late gestation on reproductive performance in sows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized trial was conducted on 247 Landrace × Yorkshire sows allocated to four dietary groups from day 85 of gestation to farrowing: (1) Basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + <i>B. subtilis</i>, (3) basal diet + L-arginine, and (4) basal diet + both supplements. Reproductive outcomes-including individual birth weight (IBW), total litter birth weight (TBW), born-alive birth weight (NBABW), proportion of runt (<1.1 kg) and large piglets (>1.5 kg), and within-litter coefficient of variation in birth weight [CVBW])-were assessed. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-supplementation with <i>B. subtilis</i> and L-arginine significantly increased IBW (1434.7 g vs. 1310.0 g, p < 0.001), TBW (19.6 kg vs. 16.9 kg, p < 0.001), NBABW (18.1 kg vs. 15.9 kg, p = 0.006), and the proportion of large piglets (33.7% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.0002), while reducing runt piglet incidence (4.0% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.001). Neither supplement alone produced significant improvements. No treatment significantly affected litter size, CVBW, stillbirth, or mummification rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-supplementation of sows with <i>B. subtilis</i> and L-arginine during late gestation produces synergistic impro-vements in piglet birth weight and litter quality. This strategy offers a practical and cost-effective approach to enhance swine reproductive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2087-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-dried black soldier fly larvae enhance growth, intestinal health, and humoral immunity in broiler chickens: A functional feed approach.","authors":"Osfar Sjofjan, Ari Ardiantoro, Inaayah Novitri Cahyawati, Amalia Iffah Jihana, Muhammad Halim Natsir, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1840-1849","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1840-1849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global demand for sustainable animal protein sources has led to the exploration of insects as alternative feed ingredients. Among these, black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) have demonstrated significant nutritional and functional potential. This study investigated the effects of microwave-dried BSF larvae meal (MDBSFM) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, humoral immune response, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 160 unsexed Lohmann broiler chickens were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (T0-T4), with MDBSFM supplementation levels of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, respectively. Each treatment consisted of four replicates, each with eight birds. Growth performance metrics, organ weights, intestinal histomorphology, immunoglobulin levels (IgA and IgY), and IGF-1 mRNA expression were measured. Fatty acid composition of MDBSFM was analyzed by gas chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MDBSFM supplementation significantly improved body weight gain, final body weight, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), with optimal outcomes observed at 0.75% inclusion. Villus height in the ileum was markedly increased in the 0.50% and 0.75% groups (p < 0.01), suggesting enhanced nutrient absorption. IgA and IgY concentrations were significantly elevated in response to MDBSFM (p < 0.05), particularly in the T3 and T4 groups. Although IGF-1 mRNA expression did not differ significantly (p = 0.58), the highest fold change (1.54) was noted in the 1.00% group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microwave-dried BSF larvae meal represents a promising functional feed additive capable of improving growth, intestinal health, and humoral immune responses in broilers without adverse effects. The high lauric acid content and bioactive compounds in MDBSFM may contribute to these beneficial effects. While IGF-1 upregulation trends warrant further molecular investigation, MDBSFM offers a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. Future research should focus on microbiota profiling and large-scale commercial validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1840-1849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of lactulose as a composition of organic-mineral feed additive on broiler chicken productivity, feed digestibility, and microbiome.","authors":"Elena A Sizova, Daniil E Shoshin, Elena V Yausheva, Anastasia P Ivanishcheva, Ksenia S Nechitailo, Kristina V Ryazantseva","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2095-2105","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2095-2105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The global demand for efficient poultry production necessitates alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel four-component organic-mineral feed additive (OMFA), comprising lactulose, arginine, ultrafine silicon dioxide particles, and succinic acid, and a three-component variant (without lactulose) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, elemental tissue composition, and the cecal microbiota of Arbor Acres broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and five one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into three groups: Control, Group I (four-component OMFA), and Group II (three-component OMFA). Growth metrics were recorded weekly over a 42-day period. Nutrient digestibility was assessed through balance experiments, while elemental tissue composition was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cecal microbiota profiling was conducted using 16S <i>ribosomal RNA</i> gene sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group I showed an 11.2% increase in body weight gain and a 9.6% reduction in feed conversion ratio compared to controls (p = 0.074; p = 0.063). Group II demonstrated superior weight gain (17.9%) but incurred a 3.6% increase in feed costs. Digestibility of crude fat and protein improved significantly in Group II (p = 0.037). Elemental analysis indicated that lactulose supplementation enhanced the accumulation of magnesium, calcium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and chromium in muscle tissue. Microbiota analysis revealed that Group I increased <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> abundance and suppressed <i>Pseudobdellovibrionaceae</i>, while Group II favored the proliferation of <i>Helicobacteraceae, Rikenellaceae</i>, and <i>Bacteroidaceae.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both OMFA formulations enhanced productivity and modulated gut microbiota. The four-component OMFA improved feed efficiency and mineral deposition, while the three-component version elicited greater weight gains. These findings support the incorporation of OMFA as a strategic tool in antibiotic-free poultry production. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the metabolic interactions among additive components and their long-term effects on gut health and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2095-2105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinolone resistance in <i>Riemerella anatipestifer</i> from Thai ducks: Mutation analysis of <i>gyrA, parC</i>, and <i>plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance</i> genes.","authors":"Chutima Pathomchai-Umporn, Sudtisa Laopiem, Kriangkrai Witoonsatian, Sittinee Kulprasetsri, Pun Panomwan, Thaweesak Songserm, Nuananong Sinwat","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1891-1898","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1891-1898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Riemerella anatipestifer</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium causing systemic infections in ducks, often treated with quinolones. However, increasing resistance to quinolones poses a threat to effective treatment, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain inadequately understood in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin; identify mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i>; and detect <i>plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance</i> (<i>PMQR</i>) genes in <i>R. anatipestifer</i> isolates from Thai ducks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 37 clinical isolates of <i>R. anatipestifer</i> were collected from diseased ducks between 2021 and 2023. MICs were determined using the agar dilution method, following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were employed to detect mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> and to screen for <i>PMQR</i> genes (<i>qnrA</i>, <i>qnrB</i>, and <i>qnrS</i>). Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>gyrA</i> gene was performed to assess the relatedness among isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nalidixic acid MICs ranged from 16 μg/mL to ≥128 μg/mL; ciprofloxacin from 1 μg/mL to 8 μg/mL; and enrofloxacin from 0.25 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. All isolates had a single point mutation at codon 83 of <i>gyrA</i>, either C248T (Ser83Ile, n = 35) or C248G (Ser83Arg, n = 2). No mutations were observed in <i>parC</i>, and none of the <i>PMQR</i> genes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis grouped most Thai isolates into one major cluster, with a few aligning with Chinese strains and the American Type Culture Collection reference strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of quinolone resistance mechanisms in <i>R. anatipestifer</i> from ducks in Thailand. Resistance appears primarily associated with a single mutation at codon 83 of <i>gyrA</i>, while no <i>parC</i> mutations or <i>PMQR</i> genes were detected. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing resistance surveillance and prudent antimicrobial use. Despite limitations in sample size and gene scope, this study provides essential baseline data to inform treatment guidelines and supports the inclusion of <i>R. anatipestifer</i> monitoring in Thailand's national antimicrobial resistance action plan. Future research should explore additional resistance genes using advanced genomic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1891-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid 1DCNN-GRU deep learning framework for classifying caprine granulosa cell fertility potential using single-cell transcriptomics.","authors":"Thanida Sananmuang, Denis Puthier, Kaj Chokeshaiusaha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1922-1935","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1922-1935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Granulosa cells (GCs) are crucial mediators of follicular development and oocyte competence in goats, with their gene expression profiles serving as potential biomarkers of fertility. However, the lack of a standardized, quantifiable method to assess GC quality using transcriptomic data has limited the translation of such findings into reproductive applications. This study aimed to develop a hybrid deep learning model integrating one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNNs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) to classify GCs as fertility-supporting (FS) or non-fertility-supporting (NFS) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed publicly available scRNA-seq datasets from monotocous and polytocous goats. A set of 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (False discovery rate ≤0.01, log2 fold change ≥1.5) was identified and used to distinguish FS-GCs and NFS-GCs through Leiden clustering. The expression profiles of these DEGs served as input to train a hybrid 1DCNN-GRU classifier. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized hybrid model achieved high classification performance (accuracy = 98.89%, precision = 100%, recall = 97.83%, and F1 score = 98.84%). When applied to scRNA-seq datasets, it identified a significantly higher proportion of FS-GCs in the polytocous sample (87%) compared to the monotocous sample (10.17%). DEG overlap across samples further confirmed the model's biological consistency and generalizability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first application of deep learning-based classification of goat GCs using scRNA-seq data. The hybrid 1DCNN-GRU model offers a robust and quantifiable method for evaluating GC fertility, holding promise for improving reproductive selection in livestock breeding programs. Future validation in larger datasets and across species could establish this model as a scalable molecular tool for precision livestock management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1922-1935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-warming quality of goat oocytes under heat shock stress: A study of the maturation rate, heat shock protein-70, adenosine triphosphate, and glutathione levels.","authors":"Widjiati Widjiati, Ninik Darsini, Viski Fitri Hendrawan, Sultan Fadhilla Taqwa, Zahra Shabira, Devia Yoanita Kurniawati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2127-2135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Indonesia's indigenous Kacang goat population is in decline, posing a threat to food security and genetic diversity. <i>In vitro</i> maturation and cryopreservation techniques are key strategies for genetic conservation. However, heat shock stress during cryopreservation can compromise oocyte viability. This study evaluates the post-warming quality of Kacang goat oocytes exposed to different cryoprotectants. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a modified cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol + 1M sucrose) with a commercial cryoprotectant in preserving post-warming oocyte quality, based on maturation rates and biomarker levels (heat shock protein 70 [HSP70], adenosine triphosphate [ATP], and glutathione [GSH]).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Oocytes were collected from goat ovaries and matured <i>in vitro</i> for 22 h. They were divided into three groups: Control (no vitrification), commercial cryoprotectant (T1), and modified cryoprotectant (T2). Post-warming quality was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HSP70, ATP, and GSH levels. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maturation rates were comparable across groups (control group [CG]: 84.3%, T1: 79.8%, T2: 77.2%; p > 0.05). HSP70 levels were significantly elevated in T2 compared to CG (p < 0.05). T2 also showed significantly higher ATP (52.13 ± 7.7 ng/mL) and GSH (1.27 ± 0.66 ng/mL) levels compared to T1 (ATP: 25.65 ± 1.63; GSH: 0.06 ± 0.01 ng/mL; p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between ATP and GSH (p = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified cryoprotectant formulation offered superior protection against cryo-induced stress, maintaining higher ATP, GSH, and HSP70 levels post-warming. This formulation holds promise for improving oocyte cryopreservation protocols and conserving the genetic resources of the Kacang goat. Further studies should assess long-term developmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2127-2135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of prolonged weaning-to-service interval in primiparous Landrace × Yorkshire sows under tropical conditions: Impact of age at first farrowing, lactation length, and litter size at weaning.","authors":"Nguyen Hoai Nam, Do Thi Kim Lanh, Nguyen Van Thanh, Bui Van Dung, Peerapol Sukon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2031-2038","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2031-2038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Primiparous sows are particularly vulnerable to prolonged weaning-to-service interval (WSI), which negatively impacts reproductive efficiency and farm profitability. This study aimed to identify critical risk factors associated with prolonged WSI (>6 days) in first-parity Landrace × Yorkshire sows raised under tropical conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using production records from 3,222 sows on a commercial farm in Central Vietnam. Data on age at first artificial insemination, age at first farrowing (AFF), lactation length (LL), litter size at weaning (LSW), number born alive (NBA), and litter birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged WSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prolonged WSI was observed in 34.6% of sows. Multivariate analysis identified three significant predictors: (1) Early AFF (302-360 days) was associated with higher odds of prolonged WSI compared to older age groups (odds ratio [OR] range: 0.38-0.51, p < 0.001). (2) Short LL (12-22 days) increased WSI risk, while LL of 25-26 days had the lowest risk (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001). (3) Higher LSW (≥12 piglets) was positively associated with prolonged WSI (OR = 1.41-1.63, p < 0.05). NBA and LBW were not significantly associated with prolonged WSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early AFF, shorter LL, and larger LSW are key risk factors for prolonged WSI. Management practices that optimize gilt development (target AFF >360 days), extend lactation to ~25 days, and avoid excessive LSW (>11 piglets) may reduce WSI and enhance reproductive performance under tropical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2031-2038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}