Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of partial soybean meal replacement with sunflower meal and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes supplementation on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology.","authors":"Zeeshan Munawar, Saad Amjid, Faisal Ramzan, Azhar Rafique, Safdar Hassan, Urooj Anwar, Momna Mehmood, Umar Farooq, Muhammad Farooq Khalid, Riaz Mustafa, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Aziz Ur Rahman, Waseem Abbas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.695-704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.695-704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Soybean meal (SBM) is the primary protein source in broiler diets; however, its high cost and import dependency necessitate alternative protein sources. Sunflower meal (SFM) is a viable alternative but contains high fiber and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), which can impair nutrient utilization. This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing SBM with SFM, with or without NSP degrading enzymes (NSPase) enzyme supplementation, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, digesta viscosity, and gut morphology in broilers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 588 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments following a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three levels of SBM replacement (0%, 10%, and 20% SFM) and two levels of NSPase supplementation (0 or 100 g/ton feed). Diets were formulated for the starter (1-10 days), grower (11-21 days), and finisher (22-35 days) phases. Growth performance (body weight gain [BWG], feed intake [FI], feed conversion ratio [FCR]), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber [CF]), digesta viscosity, and gut morphology (villus height [VH], crypt depth [CD], villus width, and villus-to-crypt ratio) were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test for mean comparisons (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replacing SBM with up to 20% SFM did not significantly impact BWG (p > 0.05), FI (p > 0.05), or FCR (p > 0.05). However, digesta viscosity increased significantly with higher SFM levels (p < 0.001), while NSPase supplementation reduced viscosity (p < 0.001). CF digestibility was lower with increasing SFM levels (p < 0.01) but improved with NSPase addition (p < 0.01). Gut morphology parameters, including VH and CD, were negatively affected by higher SFM inclusion but showed improvement with NSPase supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SBM can be partially replaced with up to 20% SFM in broiler diets without compromising growth performance. However, increasing SFM levels can reduce CF digestibility and increase digesta viscosity. The addition of NSPase enzymes mitigates these adverse effects by enhancing fiber digestibility and reducing gut viscosity. These findings support the use of SFM as an economically viable protein alternative in broiler feed formulations, particularly in SBM-importing regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"695-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases affecting communal cattle and the control methods practiced by farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.","authors":"N Nyangiwe, S Matthee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.746-754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.746-754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose significant threats to cattle farming, impacting livestock health, productivity, and economic sustainability. In communal farming systems, the challenges of tick control are exacerbated by limited resources, acaricide resistance, and climate change. This study assesses communal cattle farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ticks, TBDs, and the control measures implemented in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires administered to 100 cattle farmers across 20 communities in four vegetation types: Albany coastal belt (ACB), Amathole montane grassland (AMG), Bhisho thornveld (BT), and Great fish thicket (GFT). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine associations between farmer demographics, livestock management practices, and the prevalence of TBDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents (85%) were male, with an average age of 60 years, and 65% had only primary education. Livestock ownership varied across vegetation types, with cattle numbers ranging between 12.8 ± 1.17 and 15.6 ± 1.35 per farmer. Tick infestation was perceived as a major constraint, with adult cattle more affected than calves (χ² = 15.98, p < 0.001). The most commonly reported TBDs were redwater (100%), gallsickness (90%), and heartwater (43%), with heartwater absent in AMG. Tick control methods included plunge dipping (90%) and the use of alternative treatments such as used motor oil (54%) and Jeyes fluid (35%). Acaricide inefficacy, poor mixing practices, and the uncontrolled movement of cattle were identified as major constraints to effective tick management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Communal cattle farmers in the ECP recognize ticks and TBDs as critical challenges, with variations in TBD prevalence linked to vegetation type. Ineffective acaricide use and resistance are growing concerns, necessitating improved extension services and farmer education. Sustainable tick management strategies should integrate scientific knowledge with indigenous practices to enhance livestock health and productivity in communal farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"746-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B in cow milk using antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot-blot assays.","authors":"Hidayatun Nisa Purwanasari, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia, Fatkhanuddin Aziz, Rini Widayanti, Madarina Wasissa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.686-694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.686-694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a significant foodborne pathogen responsible for producing enterotoxins, particularly staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB), which are frequently found in milk and dairy products. These toxins in raw milk pose a risk to public health, necessitating accurate and rapid detection methods. This study aimed to develop and evaluate two immunoassays - antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) and dot-blot assay - for detecting SEA and SEB in cow milk. The sensitivity and specificity of these assays were compared with the standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 raw milk samples from Boyolali, Central Java, were subjected to microbiological, genotypic, and immunological analyses. The presence of <i>S. aureus</i> was confirmed through culture on Mannitol Salt Agar, biochemical identification, and PCR targeting 23S ribosomal RNA, <i>nuc</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes. Recombinant SEA and SEB proteins were used to generate polyclonal antibodies for immunoassay development. Dot-blot assays employed nitrocellulose membranes blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin in tris-buffered saline-Tween 20, while AC-ELISA utilized these antibodies for antigen capture. PCR confirmed the presence of the <i>sea</i> (127 bp) and <i>seb</i> (477 bp) genes. The performance of the immunoassays was statistically evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 30 isolates, 27 (90%) were confirmed as <i>S. aureus</i>. PCR detected the <i>sea</i> and <i>seb</i> genes in 23.3% and 30.8% of isolates, respectively. AC-ELISA exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 85% for SEA and 75% and 89.5% for SEB, respectively. The dot-blot assay demonstrated higher sensitivity (85% for SEA and 87.5% for SEB) but comparable specificity (85.7% for SEA and 84.2% for SEB). Kappa values indicated substantial agreement between the immunoassays and PCR results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both AC-ELISA and dot-blot assays demonstrated considerable potential for detecting SEA and SEB in raw cow milk. The dot-blot assay exhibited superior sensitivity, whereas AC-ELISA offered higher specificity. These immunoassays provide viable alternatives to PCR, particularly in resource-limited settings, offering cost-effective and rapid detection of <i>S. aureus</i> enterotoxins. Further refinement and validation with larger sample sizes are necessary to enhance diagnostic accuracy and minimize cross-reactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"686-694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goblet cell metaplasia and mucin alterations in biliary epithelial cells during <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection in rodent models: Insights into host susceptibility and defense mechanisms.","authors":"Woro Danur Wendo, Theerayut Thongrin, Prasarn Tangkawattana, Peerapol Sukon, Sutas Suttiprapa, Prasert Saichua, Watcharapol Suyapoh, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.534-546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.534-546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Chronic <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> (OV) infection induces significant biliary changes and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. However, the role of goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and mucin dynamics in host defense and parasite persistence remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize biliary histological changes, particularly mucin types, and compare responses between susceptible (hamsters) and non-susceptible (mice) hosts during early to chronic OV infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-five male golden Syrian hamsters and 35 male BALB/c mice were divided into infected and control groups. Infected animals received 50 OV metacercariae through gastric intubation and were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 post-infection. Histological, histochemical (Alcian Blue, periodic Acid-Schiff, and high iron diamine), and immunohistochemical (Bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) analyses were performed to assess mucin production, GCM, and bile duct proliferation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice demonstrated an early, robust biliary response with pronounced hyperplasia and GCM characterized by acid mucin overproduction during the acute phase (days 1-28). Conversely, hamsters exhibited delayed biliary proliferation and GCM, with predominant sulfated mucins appearing during the chronic phase (days 28-56). BrdU immunoreactivity indicated earlier and stronger bile duct epithelial proliferation in mice, correlating with worm clearance by day 28. In hamsters, mucosal changes supported worm survival, as evidenced by continued parasite presence and egg production. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences in mucin types and hyperplasia between species across infection stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct mucosal responses in hamsters and mice reflect their susceptibility to OV infection. Acid mucins in mice facilitate worm expulsion, while sulfated mucins in hamsters appear to promote parasite persistence. These findings highlight the dual roles of mucins in host defense and parasite survival, providing insight into mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance in OV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"534-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression profiles of angiogenesis markers and microRNA-128 from the secretome of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from <i>Macaca fascicularis</i>.","authors":"Hieronimus Adiyoga Nareswara Utama, Sela Septima Mariya, Ratih Rinendyaputri, Alvian Dumingan, Yoggi Ramadhani Purwaningtyas, Putri Retno Intan, Gita Iftitah Renitia, Hasta Handayani Idrus, Wireni Ayuningtyas, Rachmawati Noverina, Fathul Huda, Ahmad Faried, Sunarno Sunarno, Amarila Malik","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.558-564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.558-564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis play crucial roles in ischemic stroke recovery. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, rich in bioactive molecules, presents a promising therapeutic avenue. However, optimizing the culture conditions to enhance the expression of angiogenic markers remains a challenge. This study examines the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and microRNA (miRNA-128) in the secretome of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) from <i>Macaca fascicularis</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>UC-MSCs were cultured under normoxic (21% O₂) and hypoxic conditions (1%, 3%, and 5% O₂) for 48 h. The secretome was isolated, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of VEGF, MCP-1, MMP-2, and miRNA-128. Expression levels were normalized to housekeeping genes and analyzed using statistical methods to determine significant differences among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypoxic preconditioning significantly upregulated <i>VEGF</i> (1% O₂), <i>MCP-1 (</i>5% O₂), and <i>miRNA-128 (</i>5% O₂) expression compared to normoxic conditions. Conversely, <i>MMP-2</i> expression was highest in normoxic conditions and downregulated under hypoxia. In addition, <i>miRNA-128</i> was found to be predominantly secreted into the extracellular space under hypoxic conditions rather than retained within cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypoxic preconditioning effectively modulates the expression of key angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic markers in UC-MSCs. The study highlights the importance of optimizing oxygen levels to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived secretomes for ischemic stroke treatment. Future research should focus on <i>in vivo</i> validation and clinical translation of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"558-564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study of treatment outcomes and complications of cyclocryotherapy in 58 glaucoma-affected dogs from 2018 to 2023.","authors":"Chatrawee Tuaktaew, Natthanet Sritrakoon, Winyu Karntip, Nuanwan Rujirekasuwan, Nuttatida Nimitchaiyapong, Burin Nimsuphan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.606-615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.606-615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and can lead to irreversible blindness in dogs. Cyclocryotherapy, a cyclodestructive surgical technique, reduces IOP by damaging the ciliary body epithelium to decrease aqueous humor production. Limited data exist on its clinical outcomes and complications in canine patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and post-operative complications of cyclocryotherapy in dogs with primary and secondary glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 73 eyes from 58 dogs treated with cyclocryotherapy at Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (2018-2023). The procedure involved applying a double cycle of freezing and thawing using a cryoprobe on 8-10 scleral sites. Evaluations occurred at weeks 1 and 2, then at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. Data collected included IOP, anti-glaucoma medication use, post-operative complications, and vision status. Statistical analyses involved paired t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary glaucoma was present in 40 eyes (54.79%) and secondary glaucoma in 33 eyes (45.21%). Mean pre-operative IOP for primary and secondary glaucoma was 42 ± 36 mmHg and 50.7 ± 14.5 mmHg, respectively, significantly decreasing to 18.3 ± 12.84 mmHg and 14.42 ± 12.06 mmHg at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The success rate was 83.56%, with 92.30% of eyes preserving vision. Post-operative complications occurred in 50% of cases, primarily conjunctivitis (28.76%). The frequency of anti-glaucoma medication use significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cyclocryotherapy effectively manages canine glaucoma, significantly reducing IOP and medication dependence while preserving vision in most cases. Although complications were noted, they were generally manageable. Prospective studies are recommended to refine treatment protocols and validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"606-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospirosis in humans and animals in Malaysia: A review from 1976 to 2023.","authors":"Joy Siang Xin Lea, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, Siew Shean Choong, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Peck Toung Ooi, Sazaly AbuBakar, Shih Keng Loong, Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.673-685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.673-685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that remains under-reported and misdiagnosed, particularly in tropical regions such as Malaysia. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of leptospirosis cases in humans and animals in Malaysia from 1976 to 2023, examining trends in prevalence, outbreak patterns, diagnostic advancements, and associated risk factors. The disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly via contaminated water and soil, with rodents serving as a major reservoir. In Malaysia, leptospirosis prevalence has increased in recent years, with a notable correlation between outbreaks and occupational exposure, recreational water activities, and monsoon-related flooding. Surveillance data indicate that specific populations, including agricultural workers, town service employees, and animal handlers, are at elevated risk. Furthermore, the disease is commonly misdiagnosed due to its clinical similarities with other endemic febrile illnesses, such as dengue fever and malaria. Advances in diagnostic methodologies, particularly the increasing use of molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have enhanced early detection, although serological tests remain widely used in epidemiological studies. This review underscores the necessity of a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health strategies to improve surveillance and control measures. Future research should focus on strengthening diagnostic capabilities, understanding environmental reservoirs, and implementing targeted public health interventions to mitigate leptospirosis transmission in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"673-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in local ducks at varying altitudes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.","authors":"Santika Anggrahini, Irkham Widiyono, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Ahmad Sofyan, Randi Mulianda, Wulandari Wulandari, Fitrine Ekawasti, Ima Fauziah, Sadarman Sadarman, Miarsono Sigit, Hendra Herdian, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Efi Rokana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.616-623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.616-623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal parasites are a common health concern in poultry, particularly in free-range farming systems. Local ducks (<i>Anas platyrhynchos javanicus</i>) in Indonesia are frequently exposed to various parasitic infections due to their extensive foraging behavior. Parasitic infections can reduce productivity, cause economic losses, and impact animal welfare. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in ducks raised at different altitudes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and assess the influence of altitude and seasonal variation on infection rates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 201 fecal samples were collected from local female ducks in three different altitude regions - coastal (<100 m), lowland (100-200 m), and highland (>200 m) - between November 2019 and May 2020, covering both the rainy and dry seasons. Fecal samples were manually collected and analyzed using the flotation method to detect parasitic eggs and oocytes. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites was statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 51.24% of the ducks were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Nematodes were the predominant parasites, with <i>Capillaria</i> spp. (43.78%) and <i>Trichostrongylus</i> spp. (22.89%) being the most frequently detected species. Protozoa such as coccidia (5.97%) and cestodes like <i>Raillietina</i> spp. (1.49%) were also identified. The occurrence of infection varied significantly with altitude, being highest in lowland (61.43%) and highland areas (61.54%) compared to coastal regions (30.30%). Seasonal variation also influenced infection rates, with a higher occurrence observed during the rainy season (67.19%) than in the dry season (43.80%). Most infected ducks had single parasitic infections (80.39%), while mixed infections were less common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant impact of altitude and season on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in local ducks in Yogyakarta. The findings suggest that nematodes, particularly <i>Capillaria</i> spp., are the most persistent and widespread parasites. Implementing targeted deworming programs during the rainy season, improving farm sanitation, and educating farmers on parasite monitoring could help mitigate infections and improve duck health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"616-623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine intraocular pressure dynamics during mild-pain ophthalmic procedures in three premedication protocols.","authors":"Laura Voiko, Armands Vekšins, Diāna Birnere, Liga Kovalcuka","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.573-581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.573-581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) stability during ophthalmic procedures is essential to ensuring surgical success and reducing complications related to IOP fluctuations. This study aimed to evaluate IOP dynamics in dogs undergoing mild-pain ophthalmic procedures under three different premedication protocols: butorphanol alone (B), butorphanol with medetomidine (BM), and butorphanol with acepromazine (BA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty clinically healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds (19 males, 11 females, aged 4 months-11 years, weight 7.8-79 kg) were randomized into three groups. IOP was measured at multiple perioperative time points using rebound tonometry: premedication (T0), 5 (T5), and 10 (T10) min after premedication, after intubation (Tint), before surgery (Tbsur), post-surgery (Tasur), during extubation (Text), and before discharge (Tlea). Statistical analyses, including t-tests and Pearson correlation, were performed to assess differences in IOP within and between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant changes in IOP were observed at different time points across groups. The B group showed a significant IOP increase between T0 (15.55 ± 3.50 mmHg) and Tint (19.3 ± 4.19 mmHg) (p < 0.05). In the BM group, IOP increased from T0 (15.9 ± 2.77 mmHg) to Tint (19.15 ± 4.52 mmHg) and decreased significantly postoperatively at Tasur (13.5 ± 3.50 mmHg). The BA group exhibited significant IOP reductions from T0 (20.35 ± 2.78 mmHg) to Tbsur (16.45 ± 3.97 mmHg) and Tlea (17.15 ± 4.22 mmHg). No correlation was found between IOP and sex, breed, or age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOP remained within normal ranges throughout the perioperative period in all groups. Acepromazine, in combination with butorphanol, was the most effective in attenuating the IOP increase caused by intubation, suggesting its potential advantage in patients at risk of corneal perforation. Clinically, premedication selection should prioritize minimal IOP fluctuation to enhance surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"573-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from commercial eggs in Phayao Province, Thailand.","authors":"Watsawan Prapasawat, Anchalee Rawangkan, Chittakun Suwancharoen, Atchariya Yosboonruang, Anong Kiddee, Watchara Laenoi, Sirikarn Wiriyasirivaj, Orasa Suthienkul, Achiraya Siriphap","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.705-714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.705-714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> contamination in eggs poses a significant public health risk, particularly in alternative egg production systems where contamination and antimicrobial resistance remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in three different egg production systems in Phayao, Thailand, and analyze serovar diversity, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 750 eggs were sampled from cage, free-range, and organic egg production systems, purchased from supermarkets in Phayao Province. Eggshells and contents were separately analyzed using conventional microbiological methods to isolate <i>Salmonella</i>. Phenotypic identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Genotypic characterization, including virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, was conducted using polymerase chain reaction. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to determine genetic diversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> contamination was detected in three eggshell samples (0.4%), with one positive sample from each production system. The identified serovars were <i>Salmonella</i> Mbandaka (cage eggs), <i>Salmonella</i> Corvallis (free-range eggs), and <i>Salmonella</i> Cerro (organic eggs). Antimicrobial resistance was observed in only one isolate, <i>S</i>. Mbandaka, which exhibited resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and carried the <i>sul1</i> and <i>sul2</i> genes. All <i>Salmonella</i> isolates harbored virulence genes (<i>invA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, and <i>stn</i>). MLST analysis identified three distinct sequence types (ST413, ST1541, and ST1593) corresponding to the detected serovars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a low occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in eggshells across different production systems, with no contamination detected in egg contents. The presence of distinct serovars and genetic types suggests varying contamination sources. Although antimicrobial resistance was minimal, the presence of virulence genes in all isolates highlights the potential risk of infection. Continuous monitoring and improved biosecurity measures in egg production and distribution are recommended to enhance food safety and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"705-714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}