Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Farm-adapted multicomponent bacteriophage preparation for environmental biocontrol in commercial dairy cattle housing: A One Health approach.","authors":"Ekaterine Tevdoradze, Nusha Diasamidze, Salome Kalandadze, Nino Tvaradze, Nana Japarashvili, Giorgi Gogoladze, Nato Peradze, Mathias Müsken, Irina Papukashvili, Rati Golijashvili, Svetlana Chubinidze","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3883-3898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3883-3898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in livestock environments highlights the need for sustainable alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. Bacteriophages offer a targeted approach for reducing bacterial contamination while supporting antimicrobial stewardship. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a farm-adapted multicomponent bacteriophage preparation for environmental biocontrol in commercial dairy cattle housing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Bacterial strains and bacteriophages were isolated from samples collected at a commercial dairy farm. Selected bacteriophages were characterized for host range, efficiency of plating, multiplicity of infection, and host range expansion through phage adaptation. Purified phage clones were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. A multicomponent bacteriophage preparation was formulated and lyophilized to facilitate storage and field application. The preparation was subsequently applied to selected environmental surfaces in dairy cattle housing, and bacterial recovery before and after treatment was evaluated using microbiological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage screening and adaptation enabled the selection of bacteriophages with complementary activity against bacterial isolates recovered from the dairy farm environment. Adaptation expanded the lytic activity of selected phages against previously less susceptible bacterial hosts. Genomic characterization supported the selection of phages for inclusion in the final preparation, while formulation and lyophilization yielded a preparation suitable for field application. Following environmental application under commercial dairy farm conditions, qualitative changes in bacterial recovery were observed on treated surfaces, demonstrating the feasibility of using a farm-adapted bacteriophage preparation for environmental biocontrol. The findings also demonstrated the practical integration of bacterial surveillance, phage isolation, adaptation, genomic characterization, formulation, and on-farm application within a single biocontrol strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A farm-adapted multicomponent bacteriophage preparation can provide a practical, targeted approach for environmental bacterial control in commercial dairy cattle housing. The combination of locally isolated phages, host range adaptation, genomic characterization, and a field-applicable lyophilized formulation is a key strength of this approach. These findings provide a foundation for further controlled studies using quantitative microbial assessments to determine efficacy, optimize application protocols, and evaluate the contribution of bacteriophage-based environmental interventions to antimicrobial stewardship and One Health strategies in livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3883-3898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the growth hormone c.2141C>G polymorphism with growth performance, slaughter traits, and meat quality in Kalmyk bull calves.","authors":"Nadezhda Chimidova, Natalia Revutskaya, Anastasia Semenova, Victoria Ubushieva, Vasilii Manzhiev, Arslang Khakhlinov, Altana Ubushieva, Zanda Bochkaeva","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3961-3975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3961-3975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The growth hormone (<i>GH</i>) gene is an important candidate locus for marker-assisted selection because its polymorphisms may influence growth, carcass characteristics, and beef quality. However, evidence linking the <i>GH</i> c.2141C>G polymorphism with meat productivity and physicochemical characteristics in Kalmyk cattle remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the <i>GH</i> c.2141C>G polymorphism with growth performance, slaughter traits, and beef quality in Kalmyk bull calves.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty Kalmyk bull calves were genotyped for the <i>GH</i> c.2141C>G polymorphism and classified as LL (n = 37) or LV (n = 13). Animals were monitored from 8 to 15 months of age under standardized feeding and housing conditions. Live weight and average daily gain were evaluated during the growth period. At 15 months, eight animals from each genotype-group were selected for slaughter and assessment of carcass characteristics and beef chemical composition. Genotype-associated differences were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests with correction for multiple comparisons, and Cohen's d was used to assess effect magnitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LV bull calves had higher live weights than LL calves by 4.45, 20.5, and 25.9 kg at 8, 12, and 15 months, respectively, and their average daily gain was 5.1%-11.5% higher across the evaluated periods. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), although effect sizes indicated potentially relevant differences in growth performance. Significant genotype-associated differences were observed in slaughter and meat-quality traits. Carcass weight and internal fat weight showed large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 2.28 and 3.53, respectively). Beef chemical composition also differed significantly between genotypes (p = 0.001-0.0013; Cohen's d = 1.25-1.47). The LV genotype was associated with 1.01% higher protein and 0.23% higher ash contents, whereas the LL genotype was associated with 0.5% higher fat and 0.4% higher moisture contents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>GH</i> c.2141C>G polymorphism was associated more strongly with slaughter characteristics and beef chemical composition than with growth performance in Kalmyk bull calves. The LV genotype showed favorable trends in growth and was associated with higher protein and ash contents, supporting further evaluation of this polymorphism as a potential marker for selection programs targeting meat productivity and quality. Larger populations are required to confirm its utility for marker-assisted selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3961-3975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of indigenous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei from dadih on growth performance, hepatoprotection, and economic efficiency in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Lilik Maslachah, Efi Rokana, Amung Logam Saputro, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Andreas Berny Yulianto, Himatul Ilma Silfia, Muhammad Aviv Firdaus, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Tabita Dameria Marbun, Saifur Rehman, Muhammad Shakeel","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.4042-4053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.4042-4053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is a major cause of colibacillosis in broiler chickens, leading to impaired growth, liver dysfunction, and substantial economic losses. Increasing restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) due to antimicrobial resistance have intensified the search for sustainable alternatives. Indigenous probiotics isolated from traditional fermented foods may provide effective region-specific solutions. This study evaluated the efficacy of indigenous <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i> <i>paracasei</i> isolated from dadih on growth performance, carcass traits, hepatoprotection, and economic efficiency in broilers challenged with APEC and compared its effectiveness with that of a conventional AGP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates of four birds each: uninfected control (T0), APEC-infected control (T1), AGP-treated (zinc bacitracin; T2), and probiotic-treated (<i>L.</i> <i>paracasei</i> 153 Vi; T3). Birds were orally challenged with APEC (1.5 × 10⁸ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) at 21 days of age. The probiotic was administered through drinking water (5 mL/L; 1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL), whereas zinc bacitracin was incorporated into feed (1 g/kg). Feed and nutrient intake, final body weight, carcass characteristics, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AGP group exhibited the highest feed and nutrient intake. However, the probiotic group achieved the greatest final body weight (1993.0 g), carcass weight (1337.8 g), and carcass percentage (68.75%) (p < 0.05). <i>L.</i> <i>paracasei</i> supplementation markedly reduced SGPT (105.07 U/L) and SGOT (59.05 U/L) compared with the infected control, demonstrating superior hepatoprotective activity. Economic analysis showed that the probiotic treatment generated the highest IOFC at both experimental and farm scales, substantially exceeding the AGP-treated and infected control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indigenous <i>L.</i> <i>paracasei</i> isolated from dadih effectively improved growth performance, carcass yield, liver function, and economic returns in APEC-challenged broilers, outperforming the conventional AGP under the conditions of this study. These findings support its potential as a safe, sustainable, and economically viable alternative to AGPs for improving poultry productivity while contributing to strategies aimed at reducing antimicrobial use in commercial broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"4042-4053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy and dermal safety of topical clove essential oil spray against bacterial, yeast, and fungal skin infections in rat models: A pilot non-inferiority study.","authors":"Eakachai Thongkham, Glenn Neville Borlace, Ranee Singh, Ketmanee Senaphan, Jareerat Aiemsaard","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.4069-4084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.4069-4084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Infectious dermatitis caused by bacterial, yeast, and fungal pathogens is an important veterinary concern, while antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects associated with conventional therapies highlight the need for safe topical alternatives. Clove essential oil exhibits broad antimicrobial activity; however, controlled evidence of its therapeutic efficacy against multiple cutaneous pathogens remains limited. This pilot study evaluated the non-inferiority and dermal safety of a topical clove essential oil spray compared with standard treatments in rat models of pyoderma, <i>Malassezia</i> dermatitis, and dermatophytosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty Wistar Hannover rats were allocated among experimental skin infection models induced with <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>pseudintermedius</i>, <i>Malassezia</i> <i>pachydermatis</i>, or <i>Microsporum</i> <i>canis</i>. For each model, four rats received 2.5% w/w clove essential oil spray, four received the standard treatment (2% w/v chlorhexidine for <i>S.</i> <i>pseudintermedius</i> or 2% w/v ketoconazole for <i>M.</i> <i>pachydermatis</i> and <i>M.</i> <i>canis</i>), and two served as negative controls. Treatments were applied topically twice daily for 15 days. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed on days 5, 10, and 15 using percentage reduction in clinical index score (CIS), pathogen reduction, and culture negativity. Non-inferiority was evaluated using a prespecified margin of -20% for CIS reduction. Dermal irritation was assessed using erythema and edema scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By day 10, clove essential oil spray was non-inferior to the standard treatments in all three infection models. CIS reductions for clove essential oil versus standard treatment were 59.03% versus 64.58% for <i>S.</i> <i>pseudintermedius</i>, 61.46% versus 61.81% for <i>M.</i> <i>pachydermatis</i>, and 55.56% versus 61.11% for <i>M.</i> <i>canis</i>. By day 15, CIS reductions reached 100%, 97.72%, and 80.56%, respectively, with corresponding standard treatment values of 100%, 100%, and 83.33%. Complete pathogen reduction was achieved for <i>S.</i> <i>pseudintermedius</i> and <i>M.</i> <i>pachydermatis</i>, whereas <i>M.</i> <i>canis</i> culture negativity reached 75% in both active-treatment groups. No erythema or edema was observed following repeated clove essential oil spray application.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical 2.5% w/v clove essential oil spray demonstrated non-inferior therapeutic efficacy by day 10 and excellent dermal tolerability across bacterial, yeast, and fungal experimental skin infections. These proof-of-concept findings support further dose-optimization and randomized clinical studies in naturally infected companion animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"4069-4084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence and diagnostic gene targets of Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria, and Trypanosoma in cattle and buffaloes across Southeast Asia (2015-2025): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nitipon Srionrod, Tran Nhat Thang, Pornchai Pornpanom, Noppason Pangprasit","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.4054-4068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.4054-4068","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Hemoparasitic infections caused by &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Theileria&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma&lt;/i&gt; adversely affect cattle and buffalo health, resulting in economic losses and reduced livestock productivity in Southeast Asia. Although numerous molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted in individual countries, a comprehensive regional synthesis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed prevalence and molecular diagnostic targets has been lacking. This study aimed to estimate the pooled molecular prevalence of major hemoparasites in cattle and buffaloes across Southeast Asia, summarize the PCR target genes used for their detection, and investigate the effects of geographical region and host species on prevalence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched for studies published between 2015 and December 31, 2025. Cross-sectional studies conducted in Southeast Asia that used PCR-based methods and reported extractable prevalence data were included. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I² statistic, whereas meta-regression was performed to evaluate the influence of geographical region (mainland versus maritime Southeast Asia) and host species. Publication bias was assessed for &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; spp.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-two cross-sectional studies involving 5,789 cattle and 901 buffaloes met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%-38%) for &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma&lt;/i&gt; spp., 18% (95% CI: 11%-28%) for &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; spp., 11% (95% CI: 3%-35%) for &lt;i&gt;Theileria&lt;/i&gt; spp., and 11% (95% CI: 4%-28%) for &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;evansi&lt;/i&gt;. Species-specific pooled prevalences were 5% for &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma marginale&lt;/i&gt;, 10% for &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;bigemina&lt;/i&gt;, 9% for &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;bovis&lt;/i&gt;, and 10% for &lt;i&gt;Theileria&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;orientalis&lt;/i&gt;. Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed across all analyses. Meta-regression identified a significantly higher prevalence of &lt;i&gt;B.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;bovis&lt;/i&gt; in maritime than mainland Southeast Asia (p = 0.0048), whereas no significant regional or host species effects were detected for the remaining hemoparasites. The review also compiled the principal PCR target genes used for molecular diagnosis, including &lt;i&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;groEL&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MSP4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;RAP-1a&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;AMA-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SBP-2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SBP-4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MSA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MPSP&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;RoTat&lt;/i&gt; 1.2 &lt;i&gt;VSG&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ITS1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ITS2&lt;/i&gt;, and satellite DNA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Major bovine hemoparasites remain widely distributed across Southeast Asia, highlighting the need for strengthened molecular surveillance and standardized diagnostic approaches. This stu","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"4054-4068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility in recurrent and non-recurrent canine otitis externa in Brazil.","authors":"Lucas Giordano Ono, Cássia Barros Pimenta, Camila Dorotea Costa, Flavia Simone Munin, Felipe Eguti de Carvalho, Ricardo Luiz Moro de Sousa, Deise Carla Almeida Leite Dellova","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3976-3994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3976-3994","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Canine otitis externa is a common inflammatory disorder in which bacterial and yeast proliferation may complicate treatment and contribute to recurrence. In Brazil, limited information is available comparing recurrent and non-recurrent cases while simultaneously characterizing microbial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. This study compared clinical, otoscopic, and cytological findings between recurrent and non-recurrent otitis externa, identified bacterial and yeast isolates, evaluated their &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; susceptibility to selected fluoroquinolones and antifungal agents, and investigated associations between clinical and microbiological variables and recurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifty-seven dogs with otitis externa presented to a veterinary hospital in Brazil were evaluated by otoscopy and cytology. Ear secretions were cultured, and isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion. Clinical and cytological findings were compared between recurrent and non-recurrent cases, and associations with disease status were assessed using Fisher's exact test and log-linear Poisson regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cytology demonstrated bacterial proliferation in 54/57 (94.7%) and yeast proliferation in 25/57 (43.9%) samples. Microbial growth occurred in 46/57 (80.7%) samples, yielding 40 identified bacterial isolates and 16 &lt;i&gt;Malassezia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pachydermatis&lt;/i&gt; isolates. &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; was the predominant bacterial genus (21/40; 52.5%), and &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pseudintermedius&lt;/i&gt; was the most frequent species (10/40; 25.0%). Resistance to both ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin occurred in 37.5% of bacterial isolates. Among &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pachydermatis&lt;/i&gt; isolates, resistance occurred to fluconazole (43.8%), nystatin (31.3%), amphotericin B (12.5%), and ketoconazole (6.3%), whereas no isolate was resistant to miconazole. Recurrence was not significantly associated with the evaluated clinical or microbiological variables, although antifungal-resistant &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pachydermatis&lt;/i&gt; showed a nonsignificant trend toward association with recurrent disease. Cytological bacterial proliferation showed the strongest association with higher expected frequencies (RR = 18.0, p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;S.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pseudintermedius&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pachydermatis&lt;/i&gt; were the most common microorganisms recovered from canine otitis externa. The substantial fluoroquinolone resistance among bacterial isolates supports culture and susceptibility testing rather than empirical therapy. Variable antifungal resistance among &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pachydermatis&lt;/i&gt; isolates, particularly in recurrent cases, warrants further investigation. These findings provide baseline data for antimicrobial surveillance and stewardship in canine otitis extern","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3976-3994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermographic assessment of surface temperature distribution and agreement between a thermographic camera, infrared thermometer, and rectal temperature in exercising horses under tropical climate conditions.","authors":"Jakkawat Pongsumpun, Ashannut Isawirodom, Phawita Sangsasithorn, Kanokpich Wong-Aree, Nuttapon Satumay, Panuwat Yamsakul, Wanpitak Pongkan, Porrakote Rungsri, Kannika Na Lampang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3899-3914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3899-3914","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Infrared thermography has become an increasingly valuable non-invasive imaging technique for monitoring physiological status and detecting abnormalities in horses. However, its application under tropical environmental conditions remains insufficiently investigated, particularly regarding the influence of ambient conditions on measurement accuracy and agreement with conventional temperature assessment methods. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement among a thermographic camera (TC), infrared thermometer (IR), and rectal temperature (RT), characterize body surface temperature distribution before and after exercise, and determine the effects of environmental conditions on temperature measurements in exercising horses under tropical climate conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty-one clinically healthy horses performing schooling, training, or lunging exercises were enrolled in this prospective repeated-measures observational study. Temperature measurements were obtained using RT, IR at the medial canthus, and TC across the eye, neck, shoulder, back, trunk, and hindquarters regions before exercise, immediately before and after exercise, and during recovery. Environmental variables, including ambient temperature and relative humidity, were simultaneously recorded. Temperature differences among anatomical regions, exercise stages, and measurement methods were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Agreement between methods was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, whereas environmental influences were evaluated using Kendall's rank correlation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;No significant differences were observed between the left and right body sides or among exercise activities. RT consistently recorded the highest temperatures, followed by IR and TC. Thermographic assessment demonstrated that the eye exhibited the highest surface temperature under resting conditions, whereas the back, trunk, and hindquarters showed the greatest post-exercise temperature increases (p &lt; 0.001). Outdoor measurements produced significantly higher TC temperatures than indoor assessments (p &lt; 0.001). IR demonstrated closer agreement with RT, with a mean difference of 1.02°C, whereas TC underestimated RT by 2.88°C and exhibited wider limits of agreement. Ambient temperature showed a strong positive correlation with TC measurements (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.001) but had minimal influence on IR measurements, indicating superior environmental stability of IR. Surface temperatures generally returned to baseline during the recovery period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Thermographic imaging provides comprehensive visualization of regional surface heat distribution and effectively identifies exercise-induced thermal changes in horses under tropical conditions. However, its measurements are substantially influenced by environmental temperature and should not be used as a surrogate for core body temperature. I","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3899-3914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of calcium propionate from postbiotic propionic acid produced by Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis-Pichia kudriavzevii co-culture using alternative calcium sources: Physicochemical characterization and feed additive potential.","authors":"Yetti Marlida, Fauzia Agustin, Lili Anggraini, Harnentis Harnentis, Laily Rinda Ardani, Thelsa Anggun Bagaskarel","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3932-3943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3932-3943","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Calcium propionate is a multifunctional feed additive widely used to improve energy metabolism, prevent metabolic disorders, and enhance feed preservation in livestock production. However, commercial calcium propionate is predominantly synthesized from petrochemical-derived propionic acid, raising concerns regarding sustainability and resource dependence. This study aimed to synthesize calcium propionate using bio-derived propionic acid produced by a co-culture of &lt;i&gt;Schleiferilactobacillus&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;harbinensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pichia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;kudriavzevii&lt;/i&gt;, compare four alternative calcium sources, and identify the most suitable material for producing high-quality calcium propionate through comprehensive physicochemical characterization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Bio-derived propionic acid obtained from an optimized microbial co-culture fermentation was reacted with eggshell flour, shellfish meal, bone meal, and indigenous limestone flour under optimized synthesis conditions (200-mesh particle size, 15% propionic acid, solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.14:1, 80°C, and 2.5 h). The synthesized products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate morphology, elemental composition, functional groups, and crystalline structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The calcium source markedly influenced the physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized calcium propionate. Eggshell-derived calcium propionate exhibited the most porous and heterogeneous microstructure, indicating a greater apparent surface area than products synthesized from the other calcium sources. EDS analysis confirmed that calcium, carbon, and oxygen were the predominant elements in all products, while the eggshell-derived product showed the most homogeneous elemental composition with fewer detectable impurities. FTIR spectra confirmed successful calcium propionate formation in all treatments through characteristic carboxylate absorption bands, whereas the eggshell-derived product exhibited sharper and better-defined absorption peaks, indicating greater chemical uniformity. XRD analysis further demonstrated a more ordered crystalline structure and fewer secondary mineral phases in the eggshell-derived product than in the shellfish meal-, bone meal-, and limestone-derived products. Collectively, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD consistently identified eggshell flour as the most suitable calcium precursor for producing high-quality calcium propionate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Eggshell flour is a promising sustainable calcium source for producing high-quality calcium propionate from bio-derived propionic acid. Integrating postbiotic propionic acid production with eggshell waste valorization provides an environmentally friendly approach for manufacturing value-added feed additives while sup","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3932-3943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent mineral-phytogenic supplementation reduces Ascaridia galli shedding and systemic mycotoxin biomarkers while improving health and productive performance in laying hens.","authors":"Nurgul Montayeva, Sarsenbek Montayev, Aizere Sagyzgaliyeva, Abzal Kereyev","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.4008-4024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.4008-4024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal helminthiasis and dietary mycotoxin exposure can concurrently impair poultry health and productivity, whereas conventional control strategies generally target these challenges separately. This study evaluated whether a multicomponent mineral-phytogenic supplement could simultaneously reduce <i>Ascaridia</i> <i>galli</i> shedding and systemic mycotoxin exposure while improving hematological, hepatic, antioxidant, and productive responses in naturally challenged laying hens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty 26-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens naturally infected with <i>A. galli</i> and exposed to feed naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 toxin were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups (n = 25/group) for 30 days. Controls received the basal diet, whereas the experimental group received the basal diet supplemented at 170 g/kg with dried <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> pulp and peel, pumpkin seed meal, opoka, coquina meal, and post-frost <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>. Fecal and blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20, and 30. <i>A. galli</i> fecal egg counts, serum AFB1, deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate (DON-3S), T-2 toxin, hematological and hepatic indices, antioxidant biomarkers, and egg production and quality were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline measurements were comparable between groups. By day 30, expected <i>A. galli</i> shedding was 64.0% lower in supplemented hens than in controls (incidence rate ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.51; p < 0.001). Serum AFB1, DON-3S, and T-2 toxin concentrations were lower by 37.9%, 38.8%, and 41.9%, respectively. Supplemented hens showed increased erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, albumin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, together with decreased leukocyte counts, eosinophils, hepatic transaminases, and malondialdehyde. Hen-day production increased from 86.2% to 93.8%, daily egg mass from 49.9 to 57.0 g/hen, shell thickness from 0.350 to 0.395 mm, and yolk color from 6.4 to 10.5 Roche units. No mortality or adverse clinical signs occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mineral-phytogenic supplement concurrently reduced <i>A. galli</i> shedding and systemic mycotoxin biomarkers while improving hematological, hepatic, antioxidant, and productive outcomes. These findings support further evaluation of this regionally sourced formulation as an integrated nutritional strategy for laying hens exposed to concurrent parasitic and mycotoxin challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"4008-4024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First comprehensive analysis of virulence-associated gene profiles and co-occurrence patterns of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in northern Vietnam.","authors":"Van Truong Le, Quang Lam Truong, Thi Huong Giang Tran, Thi My Le Huynh, Thi Ngoc Vu, Thi Trang Le, Huu Anh Dang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3864-3882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3864-3882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC), a major cause of colibacillosis in poultry, possesses diverse virulence-associated genes (VAGs) that contribute to extraintestinal pathogenicity. However, comprehensive information on VAG combinations and co-occurrence patterns among APEC isolates in Vietnam remains limited. This study aimed to characterize VAG prevalence, combination profiles, and co-occurrence patterns in APEC and non-pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (NPEC) isolates from chickens in northern Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From August 2023 to August 2025, 515 spleen samples were collected from healthy and non-healthy chickens on 35 commercial poultry farms in Hanoi, Hai Phong, Phu Tho, Bac Ninh, and Thai Nguyen. A total of 200 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were recovered and screened by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for 19 VAGs: <i>fimC</i> <i>,</i> <i>eaeA</i> <i>,</i> <i>papC</i> <i>,</i> <i>tsh</i> <i>,</i> <i>sfa_foc</i> <i>,</i> <i>iucD</i> <i>,</i> <i>iutA</i> <i>, irp2,</i> <i>fyuA</i> <i>,</i> <i>iucA</i> <i>,</i> <i>iroN</i> <i>, vat,</i> <i>hlyA</i> <i>,</i> <i>hlyF</i> <i>,</i> <i>astA</i> <i>,</i> <i>ompT</i> <i>,</i> <i>iss</i> <i>,</i> <i>cva</i> <i>/cvi,</i> and <i>colV</i>. Isolates carrying ≥5 of nine selected APEC-associated VAGs were classified as APEC; the remainder were classified as NPEC. We compared gene prevalence, combination profiles, and pairwise co-occurrence using appropriate statistical tests and Jaccard similarity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 200 isolates, 121 (60.5%) were classified as APEC and 79 (39.5%) as NPEC. APEC isolates most frequently carried <i>hlyF</i> (100%), <i>fimC</i> and <i>iutA</i> (96.7% each), <i>ompT</i> and <i>iucD</i> (95.9% each), <i>iss</i> (90.1%), <i>irp2</i> (79.3%), and <i>iroN</i> (65.3%). APEC isolates contained up to 19 VAGs, whereas NPEC isolates contained up to 14. Twenty-three distinct VAG combination profiles were identified among APEC isolates, and 103/121 (85.1%) harbored >8 VAGs. In contrast, NPEC isolates displayed 13 less complex profiles containing 3-6 VAGs. Most VAGs were significantly more prevalent in APEC than in NPEC isolates, while <i>papC</i> <i>,</i> <i>fyuA</i> <i>,</i> and <i>eaeA</i> occurred exclusively in APEC. Co-occurrence analyses demonstrated greater complexity and stronger VAG associations among APEC isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APEC isolates from northern Vietnam exhibited extensive VAG diversity and complex co-occurrence patterns distinct from those of NPEC isolates. These findings provide a molecular basis for improved APEC characterization, epidemiological surveillance, and targeted control of poultry colibacillosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3864-3882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}