Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"The burden of brucellosis in donkeys and its implications for public health and animal welfare: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"James Mutiiria Kithuka, Timothy Muthui Wachira, Joshua Orungo Onono, Wyckliff Ngetich","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.367-378","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.367-378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Brucellosis is a globally significant zoonotic disease affecting a wide range of wild and domestic animals, with implications for human and animal health. Despite donkeys' crucial roles in agriculture, transportation, and livelihoods, there is limited research on the burden of brucellosis in this species. This study systematically reviews the prevalence and role of donkeys as reservoirs for Brucella spp., providing insights into their public health implications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published from 1990 to May 2024. Out of 1159 retrieved articles, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Data on study design, location, diagnostic methods, and brucellosis prevalence were extracted and analyzed using R statistical software. Pooled prevalence and heterogeneity were calculated, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed to assess study quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of brucellosis in 6785 donkeys across 20 studies was 10.23% (range: 0%-63.7%), with the highest prevalence reported in Asia (26.80%). While 15% of studies suggested that donkeys act as reservoirs for Brucella spp., direct evidence linking donkeys to disease transmission remains scarce. The disease's impact on donkey reproduction, including abortion and infertility, is underexplored, highlighting a significant research gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brucellosis in donkeys represents a notable zoonotic and occupational risk. The limited data from East Africa, despite its high donkey population, emphasize the need for comprehensive epidemiological studies. Findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions, including biosecurity, public education, and enhanced diagnostic approaches, to mitigate brucellosis' impact on donkey health and its broader public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"367-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adding dietary bakery waste to corn on broiler growth performance, carcass traits, and feed costs.","authors":"Wilaiwan Sirirotjanaput, Jeerasak Chobtang, Auraiwan Isuwan, Supawadee Chimtomg, Janjira Sittiya","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.440-445","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.440-445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The rising cost of corn in livestock feed has driven interest in alternative feed ingredients. Bakery waste, a byproduct of bakery production, presents a viable substitute for corn in broiler diets. This study evaluated the effects of replacing 40% of dietary corn with bakery waste on broiler growth performance, carcass traits, and feed costs. We hypothesized that this substitution would maintain performance while reducing feed costs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 240 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: (T1) A control diet with 100% corn and (T2) a diet replacing 40% of corn with bakery waste. Each group had six replicates of 20 birds, housed under identical conditions with ad libitum access to feed and water for 35 days. Growth performance (feed intake [FI], body weight gain [BWG], and feed conversion ratio [FCR]) was assessed at different growth stages. Carcass traits were evaluated in selected birds, and feed cost per kilogram gain (FCG) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired Student's t-test, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in FI, BWG, or FCR between groups across all growth phases (p > 0.05). However, FCG was significantly lower in the T2 group compared to T1 (p < 0.05), indicating reduced feed costs. Carcass traits showed no major differences except for significantly lower eviscerated carcass yield and breast yield in the T2 group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Replacing 40% of corn with bakery waste in broiler diets is a cost-effective strategy without adverse effects on growth performance. However, the reduction in breast yield suggests potential amino acid imbalances, warranting further investigation into nutrient digestibility and fat deposition. Future research should optimize bakery waste inclusion levels to ensure economic feasibility while maintaining meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"440-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> infection in Thai and imported beef cattle on the Thai-Myanmar border using parasitological and molecular methods.","authors":"Chanya Kengradomkij, Pairpailin Jhaiaun, Wissanuwat Chimnoi, Narisorn Piliean, Tawin Inpankaew, And Ketsarin Kamyingkird","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.500-507","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.500-507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Animal trypanosomiasis caused by <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> is a major vector-borne disease affecting livestock productivity, especially in tropical regions. The disease has been documented in Thailand in cattle, buffaloes, and other livestock. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>T. evansi</i> infections in Thai and imported beef cattle along the Thai-Myanmar border using parasitological and molecular diagnostic methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 cattle, comprising 120 Thai cattle and 227 imported cattle, during December 2022 and January 2023. Blood samples were collected and tested using hematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), buffy coat smear microscopic examination (BMIC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>internal transcribed spacer-2</i> region. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods and evaluate risk factors such as sex, age, and breed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trypanosomes were detected in 2.59% of samples using HCT and 0.58% using BMIC, while <i>T. evansi</i> was confirmed in 2.02% of samples using PCR. Among Thai cattle, <i>T. evansi</i> prevalence was 2.5%, compared to 1.8% in imported cattle (p = 0.64). Male cattle showed significantly higher infection rates (3.2%) compared to females (0%, p = 0.04). Younger cattle (<2 years) exhibited slightly higher prevalence than older groups. Sensitivity and specificity of HCT and BMIC were 14.28% and 97.65%, and 14.28% and 99.70%, respectively, compared to PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of routine laboratory diagnostics, particularly PCR, to confirm <i>T. evansi</i> infections in livestock, especially in high-risk areas like the Thai-Myanmar border. Findings emphasize the need for integrated diagnostic approaches to improve detection and control measures. Collaborative efforts between government agencies and veterinary experts are recommended to manage trypanosomiasis and reduce its impact on livestock productivity and livelihoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"500-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted pre-partum strategies to suppress <i>Toxocara vitulorum</i> hypobiotic larvae: Reducing transmission to calves and genotypic insights into buffalo infections.","authors":"Reem M Ramadan, Alaa M Wahby, Noha Mohamed Bakry, Hend M Auda, Faten F Mohammed, Mohamed M El-Bahy, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.329-340","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.329-340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Toxocara vitulorum</i> infections in lactating buffaloes pose significant health and economic challenges due to maternal transmission of inhibited larvae to calves via colostrum and milk. This study aimed to identify <i>T. vitulorum</i> species morphologically and genetically and to evaluate a novel strategic treatment using fenbendazole to suppress larval transmission.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Morphological and genetic characterization of <i>Toxocara</i> species was performed using light and scanning electron microscopy and mitochondrial <i>COX-1</i> gene analysis. Pregnant buffaloes previously infected with <i>T. vitulorum</i> were administered fenbendazole (10 mg/kg body weight) 15 days before parturition (dbp). The animals were divided into three groups based on the interval between treatment and parturition: 6 days (G-1), 10 days (G-2), and 15 days (G-3). Colostrum, milk, and fecal samples were collected to assess larval and egg counts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genetic analysis confirmed the species as <i>T. vitulorum</i> with 100% nucleotide similarity to reference sequences. The treatment effectively suppressed larval transmission in G-1, with no larvae detected in colostrum or milk, and significantly reduced larval counts in G-2 and G-3. Fecal egg counts of treated buffaloes and their calves were markedly lower than untreated controls. Statistically significant reductions in worm burden were observed, particularly in the group treated 6 dbp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single dose of fenbendazole administered 6 dbp effectively interrupted the <i>T. vitulorum</i> transmission cycle, reducing larval presence in colostrum and milk and minimizing worm burdens in buffaloes and calves. Morphological and molecular analyses highlighted the efficacy of <i>COX-1</i> gene markers in species identification and phylogenetic studies. This strategic intervention represents a practical approach to controlling <i>T. vitulorum</i> infections, improving herd health, and reducing environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"329-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood pressure and proteinuria in older cats and cats with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Maria Natália de Freitas, Maria Sabrina de Freitas, Thaiza Fernanda da Silva, Jéssica Martins Lopes, Juliana Alves Carvelo Nunes Gonçalves, Adriane Jorge Mendonça, Juliano Bortoloni, Pedro Eduardo Brandini Néspoli, Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida, Valéria Régia Franco Sousa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.527-533","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.527-533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Systemic hypertension and proteinuria are key prognostic indicators in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their interrelationship in older cats and those with CKD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria in older cats and cats with CKD and evaluate the correlation of these parameters with hematological and biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 51 cats divided into three groups: 19 young adult cats (1-6 years, G1), 19 older cats (>10 years, G2), and 13 cats with CKD (creatinine >1.6 mg/dL, G3). Cats underwent clinical evaluations, blood pressure measurements using the oscillometric method, electrocardiography, and hematological, serum, and urine biochemical analyses. Statistical analyses included bootstrapped t-tests and Spearman's correlation, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SBP values did not significantly differ among groups, but absolute SBP values were higher in older cats (G2), suggesting a potential age-related trend. No significant correlations were found between SBP and proteinuria, creatinine, urea, or urine density in G2 and G3. However, kidney injury biomarkers (urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, creatinine, and urea) were strongly correlated with weight, body score, and total plasma protein in CKD cats (G3), indicating disease progression. Furthermore, G3 exhibited significant reductions in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts, which were associated with kidney dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study did not find a direct correlation between SBP and proteinuria in older cats or cats with CKD. However, the higher SBP values in older cats highlight the importance of monitoring hypertension in aging felines. In addition, proteinuria was significantly associated with declining body condition and biochemical markers of kidney dysfunction, reinforcing its value as a prognostic indicator in CKD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of proteinuria and hypertension in advanced CKD stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"527-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and phylogenetic analysis of <i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i>, the causative agent of rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever, in free-living greater bandicoot rats in Northeastern India.","authors":"A A P Milton, Aleimo G Momin, K Srinivas, G Bhuvana Priya, P N Gandhale, D M Firake, Samir Das, S Ghatak, A Sen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.455-460","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.455-460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i> is the causative agent of zoonotic diseases such as rat-bite fever (RBF) and Haverhill fever (HF). While human infections are well-documented, limited studies have explored its presence in rodents in India. This study aimed to detect <i>S. moniliformis</i> in free-living bandicoots (<i>Bandicota bengalensis</i> and <i>Bandicota indica</i>) in Northeastern India and perform a phylogenetic analysis to assess its genetic relationship with global isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 106 bandicoots (<i>B. bengalensis</i>, n = 76; <i>B. indica</i>, n = 30) were captured from various environments in Meghalaya, India. Fecal and tissue samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. Molecular detection of <i>S. moniliformis</i> was conducted using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Positive amplicons were sequenced, analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR-based detection revealed a fecal prevalence of 3.3% (1/30) in <i>B. indica</i> and 0% in <i>B. bengalensis</i>. No tissue samples tested positive for <i>S. moniliformis</i>. The detected isolate exhibited 100% sequence identity with previously reported <i>S. moniliformis</i> strains and 99.63% similarity to <i>Streptobacillus notomytis</i>. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the recovered isolate with human and rodent-derived <i>S. moniliformis</i> strains from multiple global regions, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first molecular detection of <i>S. moniliformis</i> in bandicoots from India, highlighting its zoonotic potential. Given its transmission risks through rodent bites and excreta contamination, public health surveillance is essential. Clinicians should consider RBF and HF in patients presenting with prolonged fever, particularly in rodent-endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"455-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of feeding <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> zinc oxide nanoparticle emulsion on glutathione peroxidase and anti-insulin production in diabetic nephropathy Wistar rats.","authors":"Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Lailatul Muniroh, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Rondius Solfaine","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.397-407","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.397-407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Conventional treatments often fail to prevent its progression. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> zinc oxide nanoparticle emulsion (TDNP) in mitigating DN by enhancing antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TDNP on oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and insulin activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control (saline), positive control (0.1% zinc oxide suspension), treatment (TDNP at 100 mg/kg body weight), and comparison (quercetin at 5 mg/kg body weight). DN was induced using STZ and nicotinamide. Blood glucose, creatinine, urea, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were assessed. Oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), and immunohistochemical indicators (anti-insulin, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) were measured. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TDNP treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, creatinine, urea, γ-GT, and TNF-α levels (p ≤ 0.05), while increasing SOD, GPx, and anti-insulin levels compared with the positive control. Histopathological analysis showed decreased necrosis and inflammation in pancreatic and renal tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced anti-insulin and reduced IFN-γ expression in TDNP-treated rats, indicating improved immune regulation and oxidative stress mitigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TDNP demonstrates potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, effectively improving glucose metabolism and kidney function in DN. These findings highlight TDNP as a promising therapeutic agent for managing DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"397-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of pork meat exposed to SoRegen^® Technology.","authors":"Listya Purnamasari, Joseph Flores Dela Cruz, Chang Soo Kim, Seong Gu Hwang, Jun Koo Yi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.484-490","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.484-490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Quantum entanglement has been explored as a novel approach in food technology to enhance the quality and nutritional properties of animal products. SoRegen^® Technology applies quantum entanglement signals to food products, aiming to induce physicochemical modifications. This study investigates the effects of SoRegen^® Technology on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of pork meat, focusing on meat quality attributes and cholesterol levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pork meat samples were exposed to a quantum entanglement signal from a SoRegen^® chip for 20 min in an electromagnetic field chamber. Physicochemical properties, including water-holding capacity (WHC), pH, drip loss, and cooking loss, were analyzed. Cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Microbiological analysis included total plate count (TPC), <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> enumeration. Data were statistically analyzed using an independent sample t-test with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pork meat exposed to SoRegen^® Technology exhibited significant improvements in physicochemical properties. WHC increased, indicating better moisture retention, while drip loss and cooking loss were reduced, suggesting improved meat texture and quality. Minor but statistically significant fluctuations in pH were observed at specific time points. Cholesterol analysis revealed a significant 35% reduction in total cholesterol levels, alongside a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels, indicating potential health benefits. Microbiological analysis indicated no significant differences between exposed and unexposed pork samples in terms of <i>E. coli</i>, <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and TPC, suggesting that the technology does not directly affect microbial contamination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of SoRegen^® Technology significantly improved the physicochemical and nutritional attributes of pork meat, particularly by enhancing WHC and reducing cholesterol levels. However, no significant changes were observed in microbiological characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of quantum entanglement technology in food science, though further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and explore commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"484-490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of <i>Salmonella</i> phage cocktail against <i>Salmonella</i> derived from broiler sources.","authors":"Wattana Pelyuntha, Thamonwan Narkpao, David Yembilla Yamik, Pichamon Kiatwuthinon, Arsooth Sanguankiat, Attawit Kovitvadhi, Kitiya Vongkamjan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.475-483","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.475-483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, often linked to poultry products. Antibiotic resistance among <i>Salmonella</i> strains has increased the need for alternative decontamination strategies, such as bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This study evaluates the lytic efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability of a <i>Salmonella</i> phage cocktail derived from wastewater sources.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 251 <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates from broiler production chains were tested against two selected phages (WP109 and WP128). The phages were characterized for lytic ability, cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, and survivability under simulated gastrointestinal and harsh environmental conditions. A cocktail of the phages was further tested for efficiency at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) against representative <i>Salmonella</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage WP109 lysed 91.2% of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates, while WP128 lysed 78.2%. The phage cocktail exhibited a significant reduction of <i>Salmonella</i> counts at MOI 10⁴, achieving up to a 4.4 log CFU/mL reduction <i>in vitro</i>. The cocktail maintained 99.9% survivability in simulated gastric conditions and displayed no cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Moreover, it was resistant to various ionic sanitizers and pH levels ranging from 2 to 11.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed phage cocktail demonstrated high lytic efficacy, stability, and safety under simulated conditions, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent in the broiler production chain. These findings support its application in reducing Salmonella contamination while addressing the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the nutritional value of fermented pangasius fish waste and its potential as a poultry feed supplement.","authors":"Abun Abun, Denny Rusmana, Kiki Haetami, Tuti Widjastuti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.355-366","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.355-366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing global demand for sustainable and nutrient-dense poultry feed necessitates innovative approaches to utilize byproducts such as pangasius fish waste. This study explores the potential of bioconverted fermented pangasius fish waste (FPW) produced through microbial fermentation as a poultry feed supplement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, bioconversion of pangasius fish waste utilized a microbial consortium (PaRmYl: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Rhizopus microsporus</i>, and <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>) at varying inoculum doses (5%, 10%, and 20%) and fermentation durations (2, 4, and 8 days). Nutritional content, enzyme activity, and antioxidant properties were analyzed. The second stage involved biological testing on 90 broiler chickens (randomized into three treatment groups with 30 replications each) to assess digestibility and nitrogen retention of FPW-based feed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fermentation with a 10% inoculum dose over 4 days yielded the optimal nutritional composition, with crude protein content increasing to 37.27%, enhanced amino acid (EAA/NEAA ratio: 0.88), and fatty acid profiles (notably ω-3 and ω-6). Protease and lipase activity peaked at 1.49 U/mL and 1.21 U/mL, respectively, with antioxidant activity showing an IC50 value of 39.84 ppm. Biological tests demonstrated significantly higher dry matter digestibility (75.53%) and nitrogen retention (75.53%) in broilers fed FPW compared to non-fermented feed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FPW, produced through microbial bioconversion, offers a sustainable and cost-effective poultry feed supplement, enhancing digestibility and nutrient retention while addressing environmental concerns related to fish processing waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}