Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of myocardial function by strain echocardiography in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes.","authors":"Xufeng Ying, Chattida Panprom, Soontaree Petchdee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats, and early detection of myocardial dysfunction remains challenging using conventional echocardiography alone. This study evaluated myocardial function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and investigated the diagnostic value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS), left atrial reservoir strain (LARS), and strain-volume curve analysis for differentiating HCM phenotypes in cats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted on 40 client-owned cats categorized into three groups: Healthy controls (n = 15), cats with a hypertrophic phenotype and normal left atrial size (n = 13), and cats with a hypertrophic phenotype accompanied by left atrial enlargement (n = 12). Comprehensive echocardiographic examinations included conventional measurements together with LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, circumferential strain, and strain-volume curve analysis. Group comparisons and correlations between strain-derived and conventional echocardiographic parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cats with HCM and left atrial enlargement exhibited significantly lower LVGLS and LARS than healthy cats, indicating impaired ventricular systolic deformation and reduced atrial reservoir function. RVLS did not differ significantly among groups, suggesting relative preservation of right ventricular systolic function during the early stages of disease. Strain-volume curve analysis demonstrated progressive flattening and rightward displacement in affected cats, reflecting impaired myocardial deformation despite preserved conventional systolic indices such as fractional shortening. Moderate correlations were observed between LVGLS and radial strain, whereas LARS showed inverse correlations with indices of left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings indicate that strain-derived parameters provide complementary functional information beyond conventional echocardiographic measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multi-chamber strain echocardiography integrating LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, and strain-volume curve analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of myocardial mechanics in cats with HCM. This approach improves characterization of hypertrophic phenotypes, facilitates earlier recognition of myocardial dysfunction, and may enhance disease staging and clinical decision-making in feline cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3027-3038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal integrated evaluation of metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal biomarkers identifies haptoglobin as a key indicator of reproductive performance in Friesian-Holstein cows with endometritis.","authors":"Herry Agoes Hermadi, Yeni Dhamayanti, Erma Safitri, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Langgeng Priyanto, Herdis Herdis, Anita Hafid, Umi Adiati, Muhammad Muflih Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Alfaruqi Syahrandi Adam, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Postpartum endometritis is a major cause of impaired fertility and economic loss in dairy production. Although metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal disturbances have individually been associated with uterine disease, comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of these physiological responses and their relationships with reproductive performance remains limited, particularly under tropical dairy production systems. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal biomarkers associated with uterine health and to determine their relationships with reproductive performance in Friesian-Holstein (FH) dairy cows with suspected and subclinical endometritis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty multiparous FH dairy cows were classified by endometrial cytology into suspected endometritis (n = 30; polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN] 5%-&lt;10%) and subclinical endometritis (n = 30; PMN ≥10%). Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 30 to determine serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium (Ca), albumin, globulin, total protein (TP), haptoglobin (Hp), prostaglandin F₂α metabolite (PGFM), and cortisol. Uterine recovery was assessed by repeat cytology, while reproductive performance was evaluated using estrus intensity, service per conception (SC), and days open (DO). Statistical analyses included an independent-samples t-test, a paired-samples t-test, and a Pearson correlation analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cows with subclinical endometritis exhibited significantly greater uterine inflammation, higher PMN percentages, elevated NEFAs, BHB, Hp, PGFM, cortisol, globulin, and TP concentrations, and lower Ca and albumin concentrations than cows with suspected endometritis (p &lt; 0.05). Recovery rates were lower in cows with subclinical endometritis (50.0%) than in those with suspected endometritis (83.3%). These cows also showed poorer reproductive performance, characterized by reduced estrus intensity, increased SC, and prolonged DO (p &lt; 0.05). Among all evaluated biomarkers, Hp demonstrated the strongest associations with reproductive performance, showing a strong negative correlation with estrus intensity (r = -0.84) and strong positive correlations with SC (r = 0.84) and DO (r = 0.87) (p &lt; 0.01). Longitudinal assessment further demonstrated partial physiological recovery between day 0 and day 30, although cows with subclinical endometritis consistently exhibited greater metabolic and inflammatory disturbances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Integrated longitudinal assessment demonstrated that systemic inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and endocrine alterations collectively influence uterine recovery and fertility in FH dairy cows. Hp emerged as the most informative biomarker, outperforming conventional metabolic indicators in its association with reproductive performance. These finding","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3282-3294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of molecular genotyping, pathotyping, and histopathological characterization of lentogenic genotype II Newcastle disease virus circulating in young ostrich flocks in Egypt.","authors":"Eman Abd-El Monum Shosha, Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Rania M Elbatawy, Sara Abdelnaser, Ahmed Fotouh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2951-2970","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2951-2970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian pathogens worldwide, yet information regarding its molecular epidemiology and pathological characteristics in ostriches remains limited. This study investigated the prevalence, molecular characteristics, pathotype, phylogenetic relationships, and histopathological changes associated with NDV circulating in young ostrich flocks in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 tissue samples were collected from diseased, non-vaccinated ostriches aged 3 weeks to 2 months from eight farms across four Egyptian governorates during 2024. Virus isolation was performed using specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs, followed by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays. Pathogenicity was determined using the mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Molecular detection was conducted by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting the matrix gene, followed by partial fusion gene amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Histopathological examination was performed on major organs, and positive samples were additionally screened for avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious bursal disease virus to exclude coinfections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight of 60 samples tested positive for NDV, with the highest prevalence detected in Ismailia governorate. All positive samples were negative for the tested coinfecting viruses. The isolates exhibited a hemagglutination titer of 9 log₂ hemagglutination units/mL and a hemagglutination inhibition titer of 6 log₂. Biological pathotyping confirmed a lentogenic pathotype with an MDT of 96 h and an ICPI of 0.4. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates within genotype II, class II, possessing the characteristic lentogenic fusion protein cleavage motif ¹¹²GRQGRL¹¹⁷. The isolates shared 97%-99% nucleotide identity with commonly used vaccine strains, including LaSota, Hitchner, and Clone 30. Histopathological examination revealed marked lesions in the respiratory and digestive systems, including epithelial degeneration, hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrates, lymphoid depletion, hepatic necrosis, and intestinal villous damage, despite the lentogenic nature of the virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first comprehensive molecular, pathotyping, phylogenetic, and histopathological characterization of lentogenic genotype II NDV circulating in young ostriches in Egypt. The findings demonstrate that lentogenic vaccine-related genotype II strains can induce clinically relevant pathological alterations in ostriches, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular surveillance, host-specific vaccination strategies, enhanced biosecurity, and integrated monitoring of ostriches, poultry, and wild birds to reduce NDV transmission and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2951-2970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses reveal gut microbiota and metabolite alterations associated with diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves in Anhui, China.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Hui Liu, Chaoyue He, Huiyang Chen, Huilin Zhang, Falei Li","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2763-2776","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2763-2776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Neonatal calf diarrhea remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the dairy industry. Although alterations in gut microbial communities have been implicated in calf diarrhea, the interactions between intestinal microbiota and metabolites in neonatal Holstein calves remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize gut microbiome and metabolomic alterations associated with diarrhea and to explore the relationships between differential microorganisms and metabolites in neonatal Holstein calves from Anhui, China.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from four diarrheic and four healthy female Holstein calves younger than 2 weeks of age. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed using the DNBSEQ-T7 platform, and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to characterize fecal metabolites. Multivariate analyses, biomarker identification, pathway enrichment, and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between microbial taxa and metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct microbial and metabolic profiles were observed between healthy and diarrheic calves. Analysis of similarities confirmed significant differences in microbial composition between groups (R = 0.7917, p = 0.025). Forty microbial biomarkers were identified, with <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>jejuni</i>, <i>Campylobacter coli</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> showing increased abundance in diarrheic calves, whereas beneficial taxa such as <i>Faecalibacterium</i> <i>prausnitzii</i> were enriched in healthy calves. Metabolomic analysis identified 377 differential metabolites, including 130 upregulated and 247 downregulated compounds in diarrheic calves. Pathway analysis indicated that D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism was the most affected pathway, together with alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, thiamine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Five key metabolites, glutamate, α-ketoglutaric acid, thiamine, 3-sulfinoalanine, and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, were strongly associated with differentially abundant microorganisms. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant microbe-metabolite interactions, suggesting that dysbiosis contributes to metabolic disturbances during diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonatal calf diarrhea was associated with pronounced alterations in gut microbial communities and fecal metabolites. The enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and disruption of amino acid-related metabolic pathways highlight potential biomarkers and mechanistic links underlying gut dysbiosis. These findings provide novel insights into microbiota-metabolite interactions and may facilitate the development of targeted strategies to improve calf health and reduce economic losses in dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2763-2776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <em>TGFβ2</em> gene polymorphism with growth performance and meat quality traits in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan chickens under multienzyme supplementation.","authors":"Siti Rani Ayuti, Mirni Lamid, Mohammad Anam Al Arif, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Eun Joong Kim, Sangsu Shin, Latifah Latifah, Aswin Rafif Khairullah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3125-3137","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3125-3137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Improving growth performance and meat quality is a major objective in genetic improvement programs for indigenous poultry breeds. Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens are an improved Indonesian native breed with considerable potential for sustainable tropical poultry production. <i>Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2)</i> plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle development, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling; however, its genetic variation and association with economically important traits in KUB chickens remain unknown. This study aimed to characterize <i>TGFβ2</i> gene polymorphisms and evaluate their associations with growth performance and meat quality traits in KUB chickens receiving dietary multienzyme supplementation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-five one-day-old male KUB chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments containing different combinations of phytase and protease and reared for 90 days. Growth performance was assessed using feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass weight (CW). Meat quality traits, including pH, texture, cooking loss (CL), water holding capacity, and color characteristics (L*, a*, and b*), were evaluated after slaughter. Genomic DNA extracted from muscle tissue was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing to identify <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphisms. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes was investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three <i>TGFβ2</i> genotypes (CC, TC, and TT) were identified, with allele frequencies of 0.48 (C) and 0.52 (T). The <i>TGFβ2</i> genotype was significantly associated with BW, CW, and FCR (p < 0.05), whereas FI was unaffected. Multienzyme supplementation significantly reduced CL, improved water holding capacity, and enhanced meat color characteristics without affecting pH or texture. Two exon single nucleotide polymorphisms, c.103C>T and c.99G>A, were identified, representing novel variants in KUB chickens. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated significant involvement of extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, metabolic pathways, and biological processes related to muscle development and cell proliferation, supporting a nutrigenetic interaction between <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphism and enzyme supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first characterization of <i>TGFβ2</i> polymorphisms in KUB chickens and demonstrates their association with growth performance and meat quality traits under multienzyme supplementation. The identified polymorphisms represent promising molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and precision nutrition strategies to improve productivity in indigenous tropical chicken populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3125-3137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-gestational luteal insufficiency in predisposed dog breeds: Retrospective evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy and timed-withdrawal.","authors":"Saengtawan Arayatham, Panthipa Borikappakul, Sakchai Ruenphet","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2777-2786","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2777-2786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hypoluteodism is an important cause of non-infectious pregnancy loss in bitches and is characterized by inadequate progesterone (P4) production by the corpus luteum. Evidence regarding breed-specific patterns of luteal insufficiency and the clinical utility of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with timed-withdrawal remains limited. This study aimed to identify the temporal pattern of luteal insufficiency in predisposed dog breeds and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an MPA protocol combined with standardized late-gestation withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical records from 29 pregnancies in 25 bitches diagnosed with hypoluteodism were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort consisted predominantly of Shetland Sheepdogs (21), together with Miniature American Shepherds (2) and Pomeranians (2). Serial serum P4 monitoring commenced during the fourth week of gestation. Hypoluteodism was diagnosed when P4 concentrations decreased below 10 ng/mL or declined by >5 ng/mL within 48-72 h. A low-dose MPA regimen (0.1 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was administered, and treatment was discontinued 24-48 h before elective cesarean section. Pregnancy outcomes and maternal and neonatal safety parameters were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A distinct mid-gestational critical window was identified, with 79.3% of cases exhibiting P4 decline during weeks 5-6 of gestation. Pregnancy was successfully maintained to term in 86.2% (25/29) of pregnancies. Reproductive failure occurred in four pregnancies (13.8%), including three abortions and one case of fetal mummification. Mean litter size was approximately 4.4 puppies, yielding 110 live-born neonates, of which 94.5% survived to weaning. Female puppies showed no evidence of virilization, and no maternal complications, including diabetes mellitus, mammary hyperplasia, mammary tumors, or agalactia, were observed. Timed-withdrawal of MPA before delivery prevented premature labor and fetal compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Predisposed breeds, particularly Shetland Sheepdogs, exhibit a predictable period of luteal vulnerability during weeks 5-6 of gestation. Early P4 surveillance beginning at day 28-30 post-ovulation, combined with low-dose MPA therapy and withdrawal 24-48 h before elective delivery, represents an effective clinical strategy for reducing pregnancy loss while facilitating planned cesarean section.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2777-2786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiling and dual antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of <em>Coleus scutellarioides</em> (L.) Benth. leaves against <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>: An <em>in vitro</em> study.","authors":"Marni Br Karo, Farida Mentalina Simanjuntak, Tetty Rina Aritonang, Desweri Muhareni, Dea Dea, Yola Maharani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2931-2950","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.2931-2950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing antimicrobial resistance of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> has created an urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents with multiple biological activities. Although <i>Coleus scutellarioides</i> (L.) Benth. (Miana) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases; however, comprehensive metabolomic characterization, together with standardized evaluation of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities against these clinically important pathogens, remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the secondary metabolite profile of ethanol extracts of Miana leaves using untargeted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using LC-HRMS with an Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus system. Antimicrobial activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-guided broth microdilution assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays by calculating the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LC-HRMS detected 243 metabolites, including 20 major bioactive compounds belonging predominantly to flavonoids, diterpenoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Major constituents included apigenin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, lupeol, triptolide, carnosol, kahweol, nootkatone, and betaine. The extract demonstrated fungicidal activity against <i>C. albicans,</i> with MIC and MFC values of 62,500 ppm, and bactericidal activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae,</i> with MIC and MBC values of 100,000 ppm (MFC/MIC and MBC/MIC ratios = 1.0). Antioxidant evaluation revealed a very strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 43.68 ppm) and moderate ABTS scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 128.7 ppm), both exhibiting concentration-dependent inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethanol extracts of Miana leaves contain diverse bioactive metabolites that confer dual antimicrobial activity against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> tog ether with potent antioxidant activity. These findings provide a comprehensive phytochemical foundation that supports the therapeutic potential of Miana and justifies further bioassay-guided fractionation, toxicity assessment, mechanistic investigations, and <i>in vivo</i> validation to facilitate the development of standardized phytopharmaceutical agents for the management of genital infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"2931-2950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fiber reinforcement in hand-pour epoxy composites for developing low-cost canine composite bone models: Mechanical characterization and material selection.","authors":"Somchai Sompaisarnsilp, Suwaree Vosbein, Athicom Chin-On, Nattapon Chantarapanich","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Synthetic canine bone models are increasingly used in veterinary orthopedic education as reproducible and ethically acceptable alternatives to cadaveric specimens. However, commercially available models remain expensive, and low-cost fabrication methods that provide suitable mechanical performance are limited. This study aimed to optimize fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (E) and polyester resin (R) composites fabricated by a hand-pour casting technique for the development of affordable canine composite bone models by comparing their tensile mechanical properties and identifying the most suitable cortical bone analog material.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>E and R were reinforced with chopped E-glass fiber at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt), whereas polyurethane (PU) foam was evaluated as a cancellous bone analog. Dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated using silicone molds according to American Society for Testing and Materials D638-14 and tested under uniaxial tension using a universal testing machine. Elastic modulus, yield strength, yield strain, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain were determined from stress-strain curves. Mechanical properties were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fiber reinforcement significantly improved the elastic modulus of epoxy composites in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 1,513.12 ± 67.85 MPa at 5 wt%, whereas polyester composites showed no significant stiffness improvement. Epoxy composites demonstrated markedly lower specimen-to-specimen variability than polyester composites, with coefficients of variation for elastic modulus ranging from 1.4% to 4.5%. Although ultimate stress and ultimate strain decreased with increasing fiber content in both resin systems, epoxy reinforced with 3 wt% E-glass fiber provided the most favorable balance between stiffness, reproducibility, and casting workability. PU foam exhibited an elastic modulus of 57.72 ± 7.69 MPa, providing a 23-fold stiffness difference from the selected cortical analog and supporting its suitability as a cancellous core material. The estimated raw material cost of the proposed composite bone model was approximately 7% of the equivalent commercial product.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E reinforced with 3 wt% chopped E-glass fiber is the preferred material for low-cost hand-pour fabrication of canine composite bone models because it offers the optimal combination of mechanical performance, manufacturing consistency, and processing feasibility. Combined with PU foam, this formulation provides an economical platform for veterinary surgical simulation. Future studies should validate the bilayer construct under compressive loading, drilling, and screw pull-out testing before clinical educational application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3191-3204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-specific supplementation of a ternary emulsifier blend improves growth performance and nutrient utilization in broilers fed reduced-energy diets.","authors":"Phongthorn Kongmun, Sombat Prasongsook, Dirk Westphal, Sandor Zsarnoczay, Theerawit Poeikhampha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Dietary energy is the most expensive nutrient of broiler feed, and reducing metabolizable energy (ME) while maintaining performance is a major objective in poultry nutrition. Emulsifiers enhance lipid digestion and may compensate for reduced dietary energy. This study evaluated the effects of a novel ternary emulsifier blend consisting of sorbitan esters, lysolecithin, and de-oiled lecithin applied through a phase-specific supplementation strategy on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass characteristics of broilers fed reduced-energy diets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 750 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments included a positive control with standard ME, a negative control with ME reduced by 150 kcal/kg, and three emulsifier-supplemented reduced-energy diets: 250 g/ton emulsifier, 200 g/ton emulsifier, and a phase-specific strategy consisting of 250 g/ton during the starter and grower phases followed by 200 g/ton during the finisher phase. Birds were reared for 35 days. Growth performance, feed efficiency, feed cost per gain, gastrointestinal retention time, nutrient digestibility, apparent ME, fecal characteristics, and carcass traits were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the starter phase, emulsifier supplementation significantly improved final body weight and feed conversion ratio compared with the reduced-energy control (p < 0.05). Birds receiving the phase-specific strategy achieved body weight and feed efficiency comparable to those fed the standard-energy diet. During the grower phase, supplementation with 200 or 250 g/ton comparedof emulsifier increased body weight relative with the reduced-energy control (p = 0.04). However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for overall performance from 1 to 35 days. Emulsifier supplementation significantly reduced gastrointestinal retention time compared with the standard-energy control (p = 0.01). Apparent ME values were numerically higher in emulsifier-supplemented groups, although differences were not statistically significant. Carcass yield tended to improve with emulsifier supplementation, whereas carcass component proportions and abdominal fat deposition remained unaffected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ternary emulsifier blend partially compensated for reduced dietary energy, particularly during the starter and grower phases. A phase-specific supplementation approach using higher inclusion levels during early growth and lower levels during finishing appears to be an effective and practical strategy for optimizing emulsifier use in reduced-energy broiler diets while maintaining productive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3231-3245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of cassava-based agro-industrial byproducts as ensiled total mixed fiber for sustainable roughage replacement in early-lactating dairy cows.","authors":"Nawanon Chantaprasarn, Wiriya Loongyai, Sornthep Tumwasorn, Phongthorn Kongmun","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3268-3281","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3268-3281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sustainable utilization of agro-industrial byproducts offers an opportunity to reduce feed costs and dependence on conventional forages in tropical dairy production. Cassava pulp and cassava bioethanol waste are abundant residues with potential as alternative roughage sources, yet their application as ensiled total mixed fiber (TMF) in early-lactating dairy cows has not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the effects of ensiled TMF formulated with cassava pulp or cassava bioethanol waste as complete roughage replacements for guinea grass on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, milk yield, and milk composition in early-lactating dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen multiparous Holstein Friesian crossbred cows (25 ± 15 days in milk) were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (n = 6/group): fresh guinea grass (control), ensiled TMF containing cassava pulp (TMFc), or ensiled TMF containing cassava bioethanol waste (TMFe). All diets were offered <i>ad libitum</i> with a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 40:60 over a 90-day feeding period. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood urea nitrogen, milk yield, and milk composition were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cows fed TMFe showed significantly greater dry matter intake (15.6 ± 0.61 kg/day), nutrient intake, and metabolizable energy intake (36.10 ± 1.26 Mcal/day) than those receiving guinea grass (p < 0.01). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber remained unchanged among treatments (p > 0.05). Ruminal pH and temperature were maintained within physiological ranges. At 4 h post-feeding, TMFc increased blood urea nitrogen (21.2 ± 1.89 mg/dL; p = 0.047), ruminal ammonia nitrogen (14.24 ± 0.35 mg%; p = 0.001), and butyrate production, whereas the control diet produced higher propionate concentrations (p = 0.044). Milk composition was unaffected by dietary treatment, while TMFc showed a tendency toward greater milk yield (15.5 ± 0.82 kg/day; p = 0.069).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ensiled TMF formulated from cassava-based agro-industrial byproducts can effectively replace conventional guinea grass without compromising nutrient digestibility, rumen stability, or milk composition in early-lactating dairy cows. Cassava bioethanol waste-based TMF improved voluntary feed intake and energy supply, whereas cassava pulp-based TMF enhanced ruminal nitrogen metabolism and tended to increase milk yield. These findings demonstrate the potential of cassava-derived byproducts as sustainable alternative roughage resources that support circular bioeconomy principles and improve feed resource utilization in tropical dairy production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 7","pages":"3268-3281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}