Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiling, and pathogenicity of bovine Pasteurella multocida isolates from Hebei Province, China: Dominance of the A:L3-ST79 clonal lineage.","authors":"Yuntai Li, Jianjian Hu, Jialei Pei, Xuqiang Zhang, Li Chen, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yonghui Li, Xiaochang Pang, Ziteng Lu, Qiumei Shi, Tonglei Wu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3915-3931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3915-3931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Pasteurella</i> <i>multocida</i> is an important bacterial pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease and septicemia, causing substantial economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has complicated disease management, yet comprehensive information on the molecular epidemiology, virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity of bovine <i>P.</i> <i>multocida</i> in Hebei Province, China, remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the circulating molecular lineages, virulence profiles, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and pathogenicity of bovine <i>P.</i> <i>multocida</i> isolates to support evidence-based surveillance, disease control, and rational antimicrobial use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between 2023 and 2025, 162 clinical samples were collected from diseased cattle in seven prefecture-level cities of Hebei Province. <i>P.</i> <i>multocida</i> isolates were identified using conventional bacteriology and <i>kmt</i> gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Capsular and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) typing, RIRDC multilocus sequence typing, PCR detection of 15 virulence genes and 12 antimicrobial resistance genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 14 antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and pathogenicity evaluation in Kunming mice by determining the median lethal dose were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four <i>P.</i> <i>multocida</i> isolates were recovered, yielding an overall isolation rate of 39.5%. Capsular type A (95.3%) and LPS genotype L3 (87.5%) predominated, with the A:L3 genotype accounting for 84.4% of all isolates. Sequence type ST79 represented 79.7% of all isolates and 94.4% of A:L3 isolates, demonstrating the dominance of the A:L3-ST79 clonal lineage. Twelve virulence-associated genes, including <i>pfhA</i> <i>,</i> <i>tbpA</i> <i>,</i> <i>pmHAS</i> <i>,</i> <i>tadD</i> <i>,</i> <i>ompA</i>, <i>oma87</i>, <i>fimA</i>, <i>nanH</i>, <i>exbB</i>, <i>exbD</i>, <i>tonB</i>, and <i>hgbA</i>, were detected in 96.9%-100% of isolates, whereas <i>toxA</i> was absent. The macrolide resistance gene <i>mphE</i> (92.2%) and sulfonamide resistance gene <i>sul2</i> (87.5%) were the predominant resistance determinants. Multidrug resistance was identified in 95.3% of isolates, although high susceptibility was retained to doxycycline, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur, and florfenicol. Representative A:L3-ST79 isolates exhibited high pathogenicity in mice, with median lethal dose values ranging from 8.06 × 10¹ to 6.44 × 10³ colony-forming units.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bovine <i>P.</i> <i>multocida</i> isolates circulating in Hebei Province are dominated by a highly virulent and multidrug-resistant A:L3-ST79 clonal lineage with distinct molecular epidemiological characteristics. These findings provide a comprehensive baseline for molecular ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3915-3931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of simian foamy virus in free-living Macaca fascicularis at human-macaque interfaces in eastern Thailand.","authors":"Daraka Tongthainan, Phairot Phromwat, Phawaran Meetipkit, Supriya Kongpom, Poramaporn Kromsuriyasak, Wachirawich Nimitpan, Suchawan Pornsukarom","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3995-4007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3995-4007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Long-tailed macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) are widely distributed in Thailand and often inhabit areas where they come into contact with humans, creating opportunities for zoonotic pathogen transmission. Simian foamy virus (SFV), a retrovirus of the subfamily Spumaretrovirinae, is of particular One Health relevance; however, site-specific epidemiological and molecular information from areas with frequent human-macaque interactions in Thailand remains limited. This study investigated the prevalence, associated risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of SFV infection in free-living long-tailed macaques at human-macaque interfaces in Chonburi Province, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 244 macaques from Si Racha, Sattahip, and Mueang districts of Chonburi Province were sampled. Paired blood and oral mucosal swabs were collected from each animal and examined for SFV proviral DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction. Apparent prevalence was estimated, and potential risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Agreement between sample types was evaluated using McNemar's test and the Kappa coefficient (κ). Partial <i>pol</i> gene sequences from three SFV-positive samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis against reference SFV sequences from different geographic regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 137/244 macaques were SFV-positive, corresponding to a prevalence of 56.15%. SFV prevalence was 32.79% in oral swabs and 36.89% in blood samples, with no significant difference between sample types. In univariate analysis, adult macaques had higher odds of SFV infection than juveniles (OR = 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-4.70; p < 0.001), while macaques weighing >5.0 kg had higher odds than those weighing <5.0 kg (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.54-5.24; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, only body weight remained significantly associated with SFV infection (adjusted OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.15-1.71; p < 0.001), whereas age, sex, and geographic location were not significant predictors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all three Thai SFV isolates clustered within a broader lineage containing SFV sequences from humans and non-human primates in Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFV was highly prevalent among free-living long-tailed macaques in Chonburi Province, with body weight emerging as the principal independent factor associated with infection. The molecular findings further demonstrate the genetic relationship of Thai SFV isolates with viruses circulating among human and non-human primate hosts in Asia. These findings provide epidemiological and molecular baseline data for SFV surveillance and support continued One Health monitoring at human-macaque interfaces in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3995-4007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a quadruplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Glaesserella parasuis.","authors":"Hongyu Wei, Yu Gan, Kaichuang Shi, Yuwen Shi, Feng Long, Shuping Feng, Yanwen Yin, Sujie Qu, Wenjun Lu, Yingyi Wei","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3944-3960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.3944-3960","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Actinobacillus&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Glaesserella&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;parasuis&lt;/i&gt; are major bacterial pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and frequently occur as single or mixed infections, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. Because these pathogens produce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions, rapid and accurate differential diagnosis is essential for effective disease control. Conventional single-target assays are labor-intensive and less suitable for simultaneous pathogen detection. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a quadruplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of these four important porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens and evaluate its applicability using clinical samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Four pairs of species-specific primers and TaqMan probes targeting the &lt;i&gt;p97&lt;/i&gt; gene of &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p37&lt;/i&gt; of &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;apxIV&lt;/i&gt; of &lt;i&gt;A.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ompA&lt;/i&gt; of &lt;i&gt;G.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;parasuis&lt;/i&gt; were designed. The reaction system and amplification conditions were optimized, followed by evaluation of analytical performance, including linearity, sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. A total of 1,238 clinical samples (821 lung tissues and 417 nasal swabs) collected from pigs in Guangxi Province, China, were tested using the developed assay and reference methods. Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, agreement rates, and pathogen prevalence were determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The optimized quadruplex assay showed excellent linearity, with correlation coefficients (R²) ≥0.998 for all four targets. The limits of detection were 152.02, 158.53, 161.36, and 140.40 copies/reaction for &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;G.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;parasuis&lt;/i&gt;, respectively. No cross-reactivity with other common swine pathogens was observed, demonstrating high analytical specificity. The assay also showed excellent repeatability, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 2.50%. Among the 1,238 clinical samples, the positivity rates were 31.91% for &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, 18.09% for &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt;, 4.20% for &lt;i&gt;A.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and 26.82% for &lt;i&gt;G.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;parasuis&lt;/i&gt;. Mixed infections were detected in 19.71% of samples, with &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;G.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;parasuis&lt;/i&gt; representing the most frequent co-infection (11.79%). The assay demonstrated diagnostic sensitivities of 96.77%, 95.95%, 95.92%, and 95.87% and diagnostic specificities of 99.40%, 98.92%, 99.58%, and 99.22% for &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;hyorhinis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, an","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"3944-3960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of lineage-committed muscle stem cell subpopulations challenges bipotency assumptions in Thai-French crossbred cattle.","authors":"Saowaluk Saisomboon, Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn, Nutsara Settha, Jatuporn Pattanachot, Raynoo Thanan, Vichai Leelavatcharamas, Kantiya Petsong, Rina Patramanon, Araya Chaoruangrit, Thidarut Boonmars","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.4025-4041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.4025-4041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are promising cellular resources for cultured meat because skeletal muscle contains progenitors that can generate myogenic and adipogenic tissues. However, whether the apparent dual-lineage differentiation of CD29-positive MDSCs reflects intrinsic bipotency or heterogeneous, lineage-committed subpopulations remains unclear. This study aimed to establish a simplified protocol for isolating CD29-positive MDSCs from adult Thai-French crossbred cattle, characterize satellite cell (SC) and fibro-adipogenic progenitor (FAP) subpopulations, and determine whether their spatial composition governs differentiation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from three adult male Pon Yang Kham Thai-French crossbred cattle. Five independent tissue samples were used to validate cell isolation, while three spatial isolates (BNS1-BNS3) from distinct chuck roll locations of one donor were used for detailed characterization. Muscle-derived cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion, filtration, red blood cell lysis, and short-term culture enrichment. CD29-positive cells were characterized and separated into CD56-positive SCs and CD56-negative FAPs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Proliferation, immunofluorescence, lipid accumulation, and quantitative gene expression analyses were performed to assess lineage-specific differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protocol yielded 5.13 ± 1.23 × 10⁵ viable cells/g tissue and >95% CD29-positive enrichment. Spatial isolates showed pronounced variation in SC:FAP composition, ranging from 4.3:95.1 to 96.0:3.8. Both subpopulations exhibited approximately 6-8-fold proliferative capacity during early passages. SCs formed multinucleated myotubes and expressed <i>Myf5</i>, <i>MyHC</i>, and <i>MyoG</i> following myogenic induction. FAPs accumulated intracellular lipids and showed increased <i>CIDEC</i> expression following adipogenic induction. Unfractionated CD29-positive populations displayed reciprocal lineage-directed responses under myogenic and adipogenic conditions, indicating that differentiation behavior was determined by the composition and selective induction of pre-existing lineage-biased subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD29-positive MDSCs from adult Thai-French crossbred cattle represent spatially heterogeneous mixtures of lineage-committed SCs and FAPs rather than a uniformly bipotent progenitor population. The simplified isolation approach provides an accessible source of expandable bovine progenitor cells, while the marked spatial heterogeneity highlights the need for subpopulation-aware cell sourcing and quality control to improve reproducibility in cultured meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 9","pages":"4025-4041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal welfare in deep-bedded pig systems: A systematic review, evidence synthesis, and translational frameworks for sustainable veterinary practice.","authors":"Kulisara Marupanthorn, Watcharapong Wattanakul, Korawan Sringarm, Chaiwat Arjin, Niraporn Chaiwang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3683-3700","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3683-3700","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Deep-bedded housing systems have been increasingly adopted as alternatives to conventional pig production because they provide manipulable substrates, improve behavioral opportunities, and support circular manure management. However, their effects on animal welfare, production performance, and environmental sustainability remain inconsistent across production stages, bedding materials, and management systems. Furthermore, evidence comparing individual bedding materials is fragmented, particularly for tropical substrates such as rice husk. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the effects of deep-bedded pig systems on animal welfare, productivity, environmental sustainability, and economic performance through qualitative evidence synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis, and to develop practical translational frameworks to support veterinary decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to identify studies published between January 2000 and March 2026. A total of 790 records were retrieved, of which 221 comparative studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Pairwise random-effects meta-analyses were performed for average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality when sufficient quantitative data were available. Risk-of-bias was assessed using Risk-of-bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS)-I and RoB 2 principles, whereas certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The feasibility of network meta-analysis was also examined. Two translational frameworks, the Healthy Pig Production Framework and the Sustainable Deep-Bedding Model, were developed to integrate scientific evidence into veterinary practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Deep-bedding consistently improved behavioral welfare by increasing rooting, exploratory activity, and resting comfort compared with conventional housing. Meta-analysis demonstrated no overall effect on ADG (mean difference: +9.8 g/day; 95% confidence interval: -58.3 to 77.9; p = 0.78), although subgroup analysis indicated improved growth in nursery-growing pigs and reduced performance in growing-finishing pigs. Evidence for FCR and mortality remained inconclusive because of incomplete reporting and substantial heterogeneity. Environmental outcomes indicated improved manure recycling potential but greater risks of ammonia emissions and greenhouse gas production when bedding moisture and ventilation were poorly managed. Material-specific evidence was insufficient to support a formal network meta-analysis, highlighting a major research gap. Rice husk emerged as a promising bedding material for tropical production systems, although current evidence remains predominantly qualitative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3683-3700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedigree-based evaluation of classical, ancestral, and new inbreeding coefficients in Carora and Criollo Limonero dairy cattle populations.","authors":"Luis F Cartuche-Macas, José R Perez-Gonzalez, Ernesto J Jimenez Quintero, Anixon G Leal-González, Joar Garcia-Flores, Manuel Garcia-Herreros","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3385-3400","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3385-3400","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Inbreeding is a major concern in livestock breeding because it can reduce genetic diversity, impair fitness, and compromise long-term population sustainability. Conventional pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients often fail to distinguish between recently accumulated inbreeding and historical ancestral inbreeding that may have undergone genetic purging. Consequently, evaluating both new and ancestral inbreeding provides a more comprehensive assessment of genetic risk. This study aimed to investigate the temporal dynamics of classical, new, and ancestral inbreeding coefficients in two native Venezuelan dairy cattle breeds, Carora and Criollo Limonero, and to compare their effective population sizes using multiple pedigree-based approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Pedigree records comprising 80,467 Carora cattle and 3,559 Criollo Limonero cattle born between 1984 and 2023 were analyzed. Classical, recursive, Ballou, Kalinowski (new and ancestral), and ancestral history coefficient (AHC) inbreeding estimates were calculated using GRain version 2.2 through gene-dropping simulations. Pedigree completeness, effective population size, regression analyses, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to evaluate temporal trends, relationships among inbreeding estimators, and differences between breeds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients increased over time in both breeds, with ancestral inbreeding exhibiting the greatest increase. Using the AHC method, ancestral inbreeding increased from 0.26% to 8.59% in Carora cattle and from 0.13% to 4.17% in Criollo Limonero cattle. Regression analyses demonstrated significant temporal increases for all inbreeding measures (p &lt; 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients among inbreeding estimators ranged from 0.28 to 0.98 in Carora cattle and from 0.25 to 0.99 in Criollo Limonero cattle (p &lt; 0.001), with the strongest associations observed between classical and new Kalinowski coefficients and between Ballou and AHC estimates. Effective population size varied substantially according to the estimation method, with ancestral Kalinowski estimates producing the largest values and AHC the smallest. Despite its considerably larger pedigree, the Carora breed exhibited consistently higher ancestral inbreeding than the Criollo Limonero breed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Pedigree purging approaches provided substantially greater insight into long-term genetic diversity than conventional pedigree inbreeding coefficients alone. The marked accumulation of ancestral inbreeding, particularly in the Carora breed, indicates that classical methods may underestimate genetic risk in native Venezuelan dairy cattle. Integrating ancestral and new inbreeding estimators into breeding and conservation programs could improve mating strategies, preserve genetic diversity, and support the long-term sustainability of locally adapted cattle","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3385-3400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes: Proteomic characterization and first xenogeneic application for post-castration wound healing in cats.","authors":"Yustina Septi Dyanitha, Aris Haryanto, Teguh Budipitojo, Dito Anggoro, Chenphop Sawangmake, Sirirat Rattanapuchpong, Medania Purwaningrum","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3755-3773","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3755-3773","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutics because they retain the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of their parent cells while minimizing the risks associated with cell transplantation. Canine dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes (cDPSC-Exos) represent an attractive veterinary regenerative platform because dental pulp is readily accessible through minimally invasive procedures. However, their molecular composition and xenogeneic therapeutic potential remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize canine dental pulp stem cells (cDPSCs) and their derived exosomes, define the proteomic profile of cDPSC-Exos, and evaluate their safety and therapeutic potential for post-castration wound-healing in cats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;cDPSCs were isolated from canine dental pulp and characterized according to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) criteria using morphology, colony-forming ability, proliferation, trilineage differentiation, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of MSC surface and stemness markers. Exosomes were isolated from conditioned medium and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and &lt;i&gt;CD9&lt;/i&gt; expression. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for proteomic profiling, followed by functional pathway and protein interaction analyses. A randomized controlled pilot study involving six healthy male cats (n = 3/group) compared topical cDPSC-Exos gel (3.3 × 10⁸ particles/g) with Bioplacenton® following castration. Wound-healing was evaluated using macroscopic wound scores, hematological parameters, and laser speckle contrast imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The isolated cDPSCs fulfilled the defining characteristics of MSCs, including multilineage differentiation and expression of MSC-associated markers. cDPSC-Exos exhibited typical exosome characteristics, with a mean particle diameter of 111 ± 24 nm. Proteomic analysis identified 312 proteins, including 22 proteins associated with inflammation regulation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of vimentin and β-actin, supporting the proteomic findings. Topical administration of cDPSC-Exos was well tolerated, without adverse reactions, and significantly improved wound redness, swelling, and pain scores during early healing (p &lt; 0.05), while hematological variables and tissue perfusion remained comparable to the positive control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides the first comprehensive proteomic characterization of cDPSC-Exos and the first evidence supporting their xenogeneic application in feline post-castration wound-healing. The findings demonstrate that cDPSC-Exos constitute a safe and promising cell-free regenerative therapy capable of modulating early wound repair through multiple biolo","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3755-3773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of selenium (Se)-enriched yeast containing nano-scale Se particles on Se bioavailability, rumen fermentation, hematological profile, and growth performance in female Thin-Tail sheep.","authors":"Dadik Pantaya, Merry Muspita Dyah Utami, Suci Wulandari, Hariadi Subagja, Muhammad Adhyatma, Agus Hadi Prayitno","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3372-3384","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3372-3384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Selenium (Se) deficiency remains a significant nutritional challenge in sheep production due to the limited bioavailability of inorganic Se sources and the low Se availability in many soils and forages. Se-enriched yeast containing nano-scale Se particles may provide a more bioavailable organic Se source while also influencing rumen fermentation and animal physiology. This study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of Se-enriched yeast containing nano-scale Se particles on Se bioavailability, rumen fermentation, hematological profile, and growth performance in female Thin-Tail sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen clinically healthy female Thin-Tail sheep (8 months old; 15 ± 3 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (n = 5/group): basal diet without supplementation (P1), basal diet supplemented with 0.35 g Se-enriched yeast/head/day (P2), and basal diet supplemented with 0.70 g Se-enriched yeast/head/day (P3). The Se-enriched yeast contained 410 ppm Se and was characterized by nano-scale Se-associated particles. Feed intake, body weight, blood Se concentration, hematological variables, and rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Particle size analysis confirmed Se-associated particles within the nano-scale range (149.2-191.1 nm). Se-enriched yeast supplementation significantly increased blood Se concentration in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.001), with mean concentrations increasing from 98.70 ppb in P1 to 156.50 ppb and 206.56 ppb in P2 and P3, respectively. Iso-valerate and total branched-chain iso-acids in rumen fluid also increased significantly in supplemented sheep (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced ruminal nitrogen metabolism and microbial activity. However, total VFA concentration, major VFA proportions, body weight gain, and most hematological variables were not significantly affected (p > 0.05). Feed intake differed only during the first experimental week and remained comparable thereafter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary supplementation with Se-enriched yeast containing nano-scale Se particles effectively improved systemic Se status in a dose-dependent manner and selectively enhanced ruminal branched-chain VFA production without adversely affecting hematological homeostasis or growth performance. Supplementation at 0.35-0.70 g/head/day appears to be a safe and highly bioavailable strategy for improving Se nutrition in female Thin-Tail sheep and may contribute to improved rumen microbial function under tropical production conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3372-3384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance in dried fish from informal markets in Gauteng Province, South Africa: A One Health food safety assessment.","authors":"Siphiwe Rendy Nkosi, Mpinda Edoaurd Tshipamba, Ngoma Lubanza, B G Mokolopi, Mulunda Mwanza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3716-3741","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3716-3741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Dried fish sold in informal markets is an affordable source of protein but may be vulnerable to microbial contamination because of inadequate hygiene and handling practices. This study aimed to assess microbial contamination levels, identify bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA sequencing, and determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of bacteria recovered from sun-dried, smoked, and salted fish sold in informal markets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The research addressed limited information on the microbiological quality and AMR of dried fish sold in South African informal markets, particularly the integration of culture-based, molecular, and resistance-profiling approaches in a One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 140 dried fish samples (80 sun-dried, 40 smoked, and 20 salted) were collected from 12 informal markets in Johannesburg and Pretoria using convenience sampling. Total bacterial counts (TBC) were determined on nutrient agar, followed by phenotypic characterization and molecular identification using <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method against seven antibiotics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction, and chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBC ranged from 0.8 × 10⁷ to 5.34 × 10⁷ colony forming units/g, with a significant difference between sun-dried and salted fish after Bonferroni adjustment (p = 0.012). Sixty-seven bacterial isolates were identified, dominated by <i>Clostridium</i> spp. (10/67, 14.92%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (8/67, 11.94%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>xylosus</i> (6/67, 8.95%), and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (5/67, 7.46%), including <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (2/67, 2.98%). High resistance was observed to streptomycin (73.1%) and erythromycin (58.2%), and several bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. No significant differences in bacterial counts were detected among sampling locations (p = 0.457).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides critical evidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including <i>C. botulinum</i>, in dried fish from informal markets, highlighting serious food safety and public health risks. Findings underscore the need for enhanced hygiene practices, vendor training, and regulatory oversight to mitigate contamination and the spread of AMR in informal food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3716-3741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in psittacine beak and feather disease: From molecular pathogenesis to integrated surveillance and global control strategies.","authors":"Hongmin Guan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3522-3557","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3522-3557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3522-3557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}