Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Strategic approaches to improve equine breeding and stud farm outcomes.","authors":"Imdad Ullah Khan, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Asfand Yar Khan, Atta Ur Rehman, Imam Mustofa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.311-328","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.311-328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores advanced strategies for enhancing fertility and optimizing reproductive outcomes in equine breeding programs. Horses, being seasonal breeders, present unique reproductive challenges influenced by environmental and physiological factors such as photoperiods, hormone cycles, and aging. Key approaches discussed include hormonal therapies, artificial light manipulation, and nutritional supplementation to improve ovulation and conception rates during the breeding season. Specific hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, equine follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone are analyzed for their roles in synchronizing estrus and increasing ovarian activity. The document also emphasizes the significance of dietary strategies, particularly the inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids, L-arginine, and essential vitamins, in improving reproductive health. In addition, the review underscores the importance of stallion management, addressing factors such as testicular health, age, and environmental stress. Practical methods to mitigate seasonal infertility and improve foaling rates through better reproductive management of mares and stallions are detailed. These insights aim to assist stud farm owners in maximizing breeding efficiency and achieving higher economic returns. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive guide to practical interventions that increase the productivity and sustainability of equine breeding operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"311-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of kinetic parameters of sexed Holstein-Friesian bull spermatozoa using Percoll density gradient centrifugation with computer-assisted sperm analysis.","authors":"Putri Utami, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Chairun Nisa Aperi Simbolon, Habib Asshidiq Syah, Anny Amaliya, Tri Agus Siswoyo, Nurul Isnaini, Trinil Susilawati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.287-295","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.287-295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Artificial insemination (AI) is a key biotechnology for improving dairy cattle populations, offering genetic enhancement and increased milk production. The advent of sexed semen allows for the preferential selection of female offspring which is beneficial for dairy operations. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize a spermatozoa sexing method using Percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) and analyze kinetic parameters of the separated spermatozoa using computer-assisted sperm analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on two Holstein-Friesian bulls at the Singosari Artificial Insemination Center and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia. Semen samples underwent PDGC sexing at two density gradients, (T1) 20%-65% and (T2) 20%-60%. Kinetic parameters, including motility, velocity, and movement patterns, were assessed pre- and post-sexing. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test to determine significant differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fresh semen (control) exhibited significantly higher motility (88.45%) compared to T1 (70.94%) and T2 (72.22%), with p < 0.01. Velocity parameters, including curvilinear velocity, were also significantly reduced post-sexing. However, motility levels in sexed samples still exceeded the 40% AI threshold. The 20%-65% gradient demonstrated better performance in maintaining sperm quality compared to the 20%-60% gradient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although sexing reduced motility and kinetic parameters, both gradients yielded semen suitable for AI applications. The 20%-65% gradient showed superior results, indicating its potential for optimizing the sexing process. Further research is recommended to refine the technique and improve the viability of sexed sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan-induced effects on the behavior and physiology of aging in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 heterozygous mice C57BL/6N.","authors":"Anastasiya Kibitkina, Ekaterina Vasilevskaya, Galina Tolmacheva, Elena Kotenkova, Ekaterina Polishchuk, Viktoriya Pchelkina, Sergey Karabanov, Liliya Fedulova","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.296-310","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.296-310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Tryptophan (Trp), a precursor of serotonin, plays a critical role in cognitive and emotional processes. Its metabolism through serotonin and kynurenine pathways impacts neuropsychiatric functions and lipid metabolism. This study investigates Trp's effects on the behavioral, physiological, and molecular parameters of aging female wild-type (WT) and heterozygous tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (HET) mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 68-day experiment was conducted on 13-month-old WT and HET mice. Groups received either distilled water or Trp supplementation (400 mg/kg/day). Behavioral tests (Open Field, Elevated Zero Maze, Forced Swim, and Extrapolation Escape Task) assessed locomotion, anxiety, and cognition. Physiological assessments included body composition through NMR relaxometry, lipid histology, serotonin content in the brain (ELISA), and serotonergic gene expression (RT-PCR). Blood biochemistry and organ weights were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trp supplementation reduced growth rates and adipose tissue while increasing muscle mass in both genotypes, more markedly in HET mice. Behavioral tests revealed a decrease in anxiety and enhanced cognitive performance in HET+Trp mice but an increase in immobility. Trp increased brain serotonin content in HET mice and altered serotonergic gene expression. Histological studies showed hepatoprotective effects in HET+Trp mice, reducing liver lipid infiltration compared to WT+Trp mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trp exhibited genotype-specific effects, with HET mice showing anabolic, hepatoprotective, and neuropsychiatric changes. These findings highlight Trp's potential in neuro-nutrition for conditions like depression and cognitive decline. Further studies are needed to explore Trp's metabolic pathways and their implications for personalized dietary interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"296-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and current perspectives on Japanese encephalitis in Sulawesi, Indonesia.","authors":"Nur Rahma, Harimurti Nuradji, Nlp Indi Dharmayanti, Indrawati Sendow, Rahmat Setya Adji, Muharam Saepulloh, Rusdiyah Rusdiyah, Isra Wahid","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.419-439","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.419-439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease, poses significant public health risks in endemic regions, such as Indonesia. Sulawesi, one of the archipelago's largest islands, presents a high potential for JE transmission due to its conducive environmental, economic, and cultural factors. Between 1972 and 2017, JE-positive samples were detected sporadically in various hosts, including humans, pigs, bats, cattle, goats, chickens, and mosquitoes (<i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i>). This review consolidates historical data and provides a contemporary perspective on JE ecology in Sulawesi. The island's extensive rice fields (95% of districts) and its high density of amplifying hosts - especially pigs, which inhabit 65.5% of districts - highlight critical transmission dynamics. In addition, Sulawesi supports a diverse array of reservoir hosts, such as endemic bats and bird species, which enhance JE's zoonotic potential. Bats, including <i>Dobsonia viridis</i> and <i>Rousettus celebensis</i>, are particularly notable for their reservoir roles. Furthermore, at least nine mosquito vector species, led by <i>C. tritaeniorhynchus</i>, thrive in Sulawesi's wetland ecosystems, amplifying transmission risk. Despite the island's high-risk profile, JE surveillance remains inconsistent, with limited government-led diagnostic programs. Historical and recent data underscore the need for systematic investigations into JE's epidemiology, emphasizing molecular and serological detection, vector surveillance, and the role of amplifying hosts in transmission cycles. Key challenges include limited awareness, diagnostic infrastructure, and climate change, which exacerbate vector bionomics and disease dynamics. This review advocates for the integration of JE diagnostic tools, public health interventions, and vaccination programs tailored to Sulawesi's ecological and sociocultural context. These measures are essential to mitigate JE transmission and protect both human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"419-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> leaf extract: A promising antibacterial agent for poultry.","authors":"R K Rusli, Zurmiati Zurmiati, R Mutia, S Reski, A Darmawan, C Hidayat, M E Mahata, M Hilmi, A Yuniza","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.263-269","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.263-269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The development of zinc-based antimicrobials has progressed from conventional to nanoparticle (NP) formulations due to their enhanced biological properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of green-synthesized zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) derived from <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> leaf extract against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria relevant to poultry health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using a completely randomized design, six treatment groups were tested: Positive control (PC) (tetracycline, 2.5 mg/mL), negative control (NC) (HCl 0.1 N + distilled water), and ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, measuring inhibition zones against <i>Escherichia coli, S</i>. Typhimurium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The positive control demonstrated the most significant inhibition zones across all bacterial strains. ZnO-NPs exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with maximum inhibition zones recorded as 18.58 mm for E. <i>coli</i>, 17.09 mm for S. Typhimurium, and 17.41 mm for <i>S. aureus</i> at the highest concentration (10 mg/mL). However, the antibacterial activity against <i>L. plantarum</i> was less pronounced, with a maximum inhibition zone of 9.93 mm. These findings indicate selective toxicity of ZnO-NPs, favoring pathogenic over non-pathogenic strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green-synthesized ZnO-NPs using <i>G. mangostana</i> leaf extract demonstrate promising antibacterial properties against poultry pathogens. Their selective action highlights potential applications as eco-friendly feed additives to improve poultry health and mitigate pathogenic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"263-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal antibodies against myostatin on post-hatch chicken growth and muscle mass in Sentul Indonesian indigenous chicken.","authors":"Sri Murtini, Asep Gunawan, Isyana Khaerunnisa, Dwi Lestari, Rajma Fastawa, Anneke Anggraeni, Yong Soo Kim, Cece Sumantri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.388-396","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.388-396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, and its suppression could enhance muscle mass. This study investigated the effects of maternal immunization against MSTN on post-hatch growth, carcass characteristics, and muscle fiber size in Sentul Indonesian indigenous chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-five: Sentul hens were divided into three groups: Control (CON), KLH-immunized (KLH), and MSTN-conjugated KLH immunized (KLH-MSTN). The hens were immunized at 6 months, with boosters at 3 and 6 weeks after initial immunization. Serum and egg yolk antibody titers were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Offspring growth and carcass traits were evaluated at 12 weeks. Histological muscle fiber analysis was performed using ImageJ. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honest significant difference tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-MSTN antibodies were detected in 60% of KLH-MSTN hens 3 weeks post-immunization but declined to 10-30% in later collections. Male offspring in the KLH-MSTN and KLH groups exhibited significantly higher carcass, thigh, and drumstick weights than the CON group, although muscle weights showed no significant differences. In females, only thigh muscle weight in the KLH-MSTN group was significantly higher than in the CON group. Muscle fiber diameters in all measured muscles were significantly larger in the KLH-MSTN group compared to the CON and KLH groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal immunization with KLH-MSTN increased muscle fiber size but did not significantly enhance overall muscle weight in Sentul chicken offspring, except for the thigh muscle in females. This suggests that MSTN immunization may have limited utility in enhancing muscle growth in this chicken breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"388-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of avocado seed extract in preventing, inhibiting, and eliminating <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> biofilms: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Nur Ariska Nugrahani, Maulita Misi Nurilyana, Imam Agus Faizal, Mahmud Kholifa, Ikmal Hafizi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.408-418","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.408-418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Prevotella intermedia</i> is a significant contributor to periodontitis, capable of forming biofilms that resist antibiotics and complicate treatment. Avocado seeds (<i>Persea americana Mill</i>.) are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which exhibit potential antibiofilm activity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of avocado seed ethanol extract in preventing biofilm attachment, inhibiting biofilm formation, and eradicating established biofilms of <i>P. intermedia</i> <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A post-test-only control group design was employed using <i>P. intermedia</i> (ATCC 25611). Ten groups were included: Bacterial and negative controls, a positive control (chlorhexidine), and experimental groups with ethanol extract concentrations (3.25%-9.25%). Biofilm activity was assessed using 96-well microtiter plates, crystal violet staining, and optical density measurements at 595 nm to determine the minimum biofilm prevention (MBPC), inhibition (MBIC), and eradication concentrations (MBEC). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni <i>post hoc</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biofilm assays showed a dose-dependent increase in antibiofilm efficacy. The highest attachment prevention (82.67%), biofilm formation inhibition (84.26%), and biofilm eradication (86.04%) were observed at 9.25%. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the extract and negative control groups, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the 8.25%-9.25% extracts and chlorhexidine. The MBPC50, MBIC50, and MBEC50 were identified at a concentration of 6.25%, achieving >50% efficacy in biofilm prevention, inhibition, and eradication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Avocado seed ethanol extract demonstrated significant antibiofilm properties against <i>P. intermedia</i>, comparable to chlorhexidine at higher concentrations. The bioactive compounds - flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids - likely contributed to these effects through mechanisms such as quorum sensing inhibition, disruption of bacterial adhesion, and destabilization of biofilm structures. These findings highlight avocado seed extract as a promising natural alternative for managing periodontitis-related biofilm infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"408-418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transboundary risk of African swine fever (ASF): Detection of ASF virus genotype II in pork products carried by international travelers to Indonesia.","authors":"Atik Ratnawati, Risza Hartawan, Indrawati Sendow, Muharam Saepulloh, Sumarningsih Sumarningsih, Dyah Ayu Hewajuli, Nuryani Zainuddin, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.280-286","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.280-286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>African swine fever (ASF), a devastating viral disease in swine caused by ASF virus (ASFV), has led to substantial economic losses, particularly in Asia since 2018. ASFV's resilience in diverse environments renders the movement of infected pork products a critical risk for disease transmission. This study aimed to identify ASFV contamination in pork products brought by international travelers to Indonesia, highlighting potential pathways for ASF introduction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From 2019 to 2020, pork food products confiscated at three Indonesia international airports (Soekarno-Hatta, Raja Haji Fisabilillah, and Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan) underwent testing. ASFV detection employed TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the <i>B646L</i> (p72) gene, followed by gene sequencing of <i>B646L</i> (p72) and <i>E183L</i> (p54) for molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to compare local ASFV strains with global counterparts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 29 confiscated samples, two pork products originating from China tested positive for ASFV. These were identified as genotype II, consistent with strains from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Sequence analyses confirmed the Indonesian strain' close genetic relationship with global ASFV genotype II isolates, such as those from China, Vietnam, and Georgia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of ASFV in imported pork products emphasizes the risk posed by international travelers in introducing the virus to ASF-free regions. This underscores the need for stringent border biosecurity measures, surveillance, and public awareness to prevent ASFV outbreaks in Indonesia. Although ASFV does not pose a direct threat to human health, its transmission through swill-feeding practices remains a critical concern for the pig industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"280-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative use of wild Egyptian artichoke extract to control fowl cholera <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Ali Wahdan, Mahmoud Fahmi Elsebai, Mahmoud M Elhaig, Ibrahim M El-Sabagh, Mohamed S Ahmed, Mahmoud Mohamed, Ehab M Abd-Allah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.341-347","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.341-347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fowl cholera, caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> type A, poses a significant threat to chicken production globally. This study investigates the potential of ethanolic extracts from Wild Egyptian Artichoke (WEA) (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i>) to modulate virulence-associated genes and provide an alternative control strategy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 160 tissue samples from diseased chickens were collected and analyzed. Phenotypic, biochemical (via Vitek 2 Compact), and molecular methods were used to identify <i>P. multocida</i>. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of key adhesion and colonization genes (<i>omp87</i>, <i>ptfA</i>, <i>pfhA</i>) in MDR isolates. The antimicrobial efficacy of WEA ethanolic extract was assessed using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Gene expression changes were evaluated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR after treatment with sub-inhibitory extract concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven isolates (6.9% prevalence) of <i>P. multocida</i> type A were confirmed, with four showing resistance to over five antimicrobial classes. The ethanolic WEA extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of up to 25 mm, MIC values ranging from 4 to 16 µg/mL, and MBC values between 8 and 32 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis revealed up to threefold downregulation in <i>omp87</i> (0.28-fold), <i>pfhA</i> (0.25-fold), and <i>ptfA</i> (0.12-fold) after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The WEA ethanolic extract effectively downregulates critical virulence genes in MDR <i>P. multocida</i>, highlighting its potential as a novel natural agent for controlling fowl cholera in chicken. This study emphasizes the importance of exploring plant-based antimicrobials to combat resistance and improve animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"341-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effects of Saudi propolis against hepatic injury induced by gold nanoparticles in adult male albino rats.","authors":"Sarah A Althubyani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.252-262","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.252-262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used in industrial and medical applications due to their unique properties but may induce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Propolis, a bee-derived natural product with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, shows promise as a hepatoprotective agent. This study evaluates the protective effects of Saudi propolis against GNP-induced hepatic damage by examining oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and liver function. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Saudi propolis against oxidative damage and lipid dysregulation induced by GNPs in male albino rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 180 adult male rats were divided into six groups: (1) Control (saline), (2) Propolis (100 mg/kg), (3) GNPs (10 nm, 0.2 mg/kg/day), (4) GNPs (30 nm, 0.2 mg/kg/day), (5) GNPs (10 nm) + propolis, and (6) GNPs (30 nm) + propolis. Treatments were administered daily for 5, 10, or 15 days. Blood and liver samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers, liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxides [GPx]), and lipid profiles (cholesterol [CHO] and triglyceride [TG]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats treated with GNPs showed elevated liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress, accompanied by increased CHO and TG levels. In contrast, co-administration of Saudi propolis significantly mitigated these effects, restoring MDA, SOD, and GPx levels close to control values. The hepatoprotective effects were more pronounced for 10 nm GNPs than 30 nm. After 15 days, TG levels returned to near-normal levels, while CHO levels improved but remained elevated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Saudi propolis exhibits significant protective effects against GNP-induced hepatic damage, primarily due to its antioxidant properties and ability to reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The findings provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of propolis in managing nanoparticle-induced liver toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 2","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}