Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of early postpartum behavioral patterns on the fertility and milk production of tropical dairy cows.","authors":"Aqeel Raza, Kumail Abbas, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai, Henk Hogeveen, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Early postpartum behavioral patterns are pivotal indicators of dairy cow health, reproductive success, and lactation performance, particularly under the environmental stressors of tropical climates. This study aimed to investigate how these behavioral patterns, as captured by smart biosensor data, influence reproductive outcomes, and milk yield in Holstein Friesian cows, with specific emphasis on parity differences and behavioral clustering.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 227 Holstein Friesian cows, categorized by parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), were monitored using AfiTag-II accelerometers from 3 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. Behavioral variables - activity, rest time, rest per bout, and restlessness ratio - were subjected to K-means clustering to identify distinct behavioral profiles. Reproductive performance was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, while lactation dynamics were modeled using the Wood function to estimate peak yield, peak time, and persistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct behavioral clusters were identified. Primiparous cows in Cluster 1 showed the highest early postpartum activity (~300 min/day at 5 days in milk [DIM]) and restlessness ratios, while multiparous cows exhibited more stable behavioral profiles. Cox regression suggested that cows in Cluster 0 had a higher, although non-significant, likelihood of estrus onset at 40 DIM (Hazard ratio = 1.44, p = 0.09). Lactation modeling revealed that multiparous cows in Cluster 0 attained the highest cumulative milk yield (4896.6 ± 252.1 kg at 305 DIM), while the single cow in Cluster 2 exhibited an atypical lactation curve with a delayed peak and reduced persistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum behavioral clustering reveals parity-specific lactation and reproductive trajectories in tropical dairy cows. Higher activity and restlessness ratios may delay estrus and compromise milk yield, underscoring the potential of behavioral monitoring for targeted reproductive and nutritional management. Integration of sensor-based clustering with routine herd monitoring may support early identification of cows at risk of suboptimal performance, improving reproductive efficiency and milk production in tropical dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1109-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker-based evaluation of aflatoxin B1 exposure in cattle.","authors":"Priyadharshini Ponnusamy, Umaya Suganthi Rajendran, Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair, Uma Sambath, Raja Kumar, Jacob Thanislass, Avinash Warundeo Lakkawar, Vijayalakshmi Padmanaban, Poobitha Subbarayan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in cattle traditionally relies on feed analysis, which may not reflect chronic exposure or accurately indicate individual susceptibility. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts as biomarkers for assessing individual chronic AFB1 exposure in cattle, irrespective of immediate feed contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 53 crossbred cattle from farms, clinical veterinary cases, and slaughterhouses in Puducherry, India. Feed samples (n = 40) from farm and clinical cases were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AFB1 exposure was quantified by measuring serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, a novel method was developed to synthesize the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPy) adduct <i>in vitro</i> and the synthesized adduct was characterized to serve as a standard for DNA adduct quantification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFB1 was detected in 50% of feed samples, with 70% of positive samples exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 20 μg/kg. Despite variable feed contamination, serum AFB1-albumin and blood AFB1-DNA adducts were consistently detected across all animal categories. Median AFB1-albumin adduct levels were similar among farm (0.730 pg/mg), clinical (0.670 pg/mg), and slaughterhouse (0.770 pg/mg) cattle (p = 0.731). Median AFB1-DNA adduct levels were highest in slaughterhouse cattle (18.33 pmol/μg DNA), followed by farm (14.76 pmol/μg DNA) and clinical cases (7.47 pmol/μg DNA), although differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.328). No significant correlation was observed between feed contamination levels and biomarker concentrations, highlighting the chronic nature of AFB1 exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The consistent detection of AFB1-albumin and AFB1-DNA adducts in cattle, irrespective of detectable aflatoxin levels in feed, underscores the limitations of traditional feed analysis for monitoring chronic exposure. The novel synthesis and robust detection of AFB1-FAPy DNA adducts further enhance the reliability of these biomarkers. These biomarkers are minimally invasive, sensitive, and valuable for chronic aflatoxin exposure assessment, aiding proactive management strategies to safeguard animal health and public food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1297-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovicidal effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on gastrointestinal nematodes' eggs from sheep.","authors":"Yandra Thais Rocha da Mota, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Moacir Franco de Oliveira, Ana Karolinne de Alencar França, Andressa Marcelly Silvestre Pereira, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Maíra Fasciotti, Lúcio César Dantas de Medeiros, Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna Bezerra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) significantly impair small ruminant production globally, particularly in tropical regions. Anthelmintic resistance due to the indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs has necessitated the search for sustainable, plant-based alternatives. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, possesses bioactive compounds with potential anthelmintic activity. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> ovicidal efficacy of eucalyptus WV and WV derived from co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with <i>Origanum majorana</i> (marjoram) against eggs of GINs from naturally infected sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>WV samples were produced through controlled pyrolysis and refined through sequential vacuum distillation. Egg hatchability tests were performed using five WV concentrations (0.3125%-5% g/100 mL), with thiabendazole as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Egg counts, species identification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate structural changes. The chemical compositions of the WVs were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both WVs exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with eucalyptus WV achieving 97% inhibition at 1.25%, and the marjoram-enriched WV reaching 100% inhibition at 5%. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, furfural, thymol, and eucalyptol, the latter two being exclusive to the marjoram formulation. SEM micrographs confirmed morphological deformations in treated eggs, including loss of symmetry and membrane integrity. The synergistic interaction among bioactive components, particularly thymol, eucalyptol, and furfural, is proposed as the mechanism enhancing ovicidal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eucalyptus WV, particularly when enriched with <i>O. majorana</i> through co-pyrolysis, exhibits potent ovicidal effects against GINs in sheep. These findings support the potential use of WVs as eco-friendly anthelmintic alternatives in integrated parasite management strategies for small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1156-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological response and blood glucose level in a diabetic animal model after the oral administration of <i>Mucuna pruriens</i>: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih, Dian Meididewi Nuraini, Morsid Andityas, Ariana Ariana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1377-1388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1377-1388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Mucuna pruriens</i> (MP) has emerged as a promising natural antidiabetic agent due to its rich bioactive composition. Although numerous preclinical studies have reported its hypoglycemic and histological benefits, a comprehensive synthesis quantifying these effects has been lacking. This study systematically evaluated the dual impact of orally administered MP extract on histopathological changes and blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) without date restrictions. Eligible <i>in vivo</i> studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation tools. Histological outcomes were summarized descriptively, while blood glucose levels were analyzed quantitatively using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on MP concentration, duration of administration, and plant part used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, with 13 eligible for meta-analysis. MP extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with an overall standardized mean difference of -18.36 (95% confidence intervals: -21.22, -15.51; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that lower MP doses (≤100 mg/kg) achieved superior glycemic control with prolonged administration (>4 weeks), whereas higher doses (≥200 mg/kg) were most effective within 1-4 weeks. Histological analysis indicated regenerative effects of MP on the pancreas, liver, pituitary gland, and corpus cavernosum. Seed extracts exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect compared to leaf extracts. Potential publication bias was detected but was addressed through trim-and-fill analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MP extract demonstrates significant antidiabetic potential through glycemic regulation and organ tissue restoration. Lower concentrations are preferable for long-term administration, while higher concentrations are optimal for short-term therapy. The findings advocate MP as a valuable candidate for integrative diabetes management strategies. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate its translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1377-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with oral omega-3 supplementation, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.","authors":"William Dos Santos Villa, João Victor Goulart Consoni Passareli, Giovana José Garcia Estanho, Marco Aurélio da Cruz Nobre Gomes, Gisele Alborghetti Nai, Cecília Laposy Santarém, Silvia Franco Andrade","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1262-1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1262-1273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the canine ocular surface primarily caused by immune-mediated destruction of lacrimal tissues. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, while omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids possess immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable homologous PRP (HPRP), alone or in combination with oral ω-3 supplementation, in improving clinical and histopathological parameters in dogs with KCS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-two dogs (44 eyes) with bilateral KCS were randomized into two treatment groups: HPRP (n = 22 eyes) and HPRP plus oral ω-3 (HPRPO; n = 22 eyes). Treatments were administered monthly for up to three sessions alongside topical lubricants. Ophthalmological evaluations - including Schirmer's tear test-1 (STT-1), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, cytology of the third eyelid gland, and conjunctival histopathology - were performed at baseline and at monthly intervals up to 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in ocular clinical signs and tear secretion. STT-1 values significantly increased from baseline in both groups (p < 0.05), without significant intergroup differences. However, TBUT values were significantly higher in the HPRPO group from month 3 onwards (p < 0.05). Cytological and histological analyses revealed a significant reduction in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts and an increase in goblet cell numbers in both groups, with greater improvement in the HPRPO group (p < 0.05). Earlier resolution of corneal ulcers and reduced ocular inflammation were observed in the HPRPO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Injectable HPRP, particularly when combined with oral ω-3 supplementation, is an effective therapeutic modality for managing KCS in dogs. The combination therapy enhanced tear film stability, reduced ocular inflammation, and promoted epithelial repair more effectively than HPRP alone. These findings support the synergistic effect of ω-3 fatty acids with PRP in ocular surface restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1262-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative use of indigenous <i>dadih</i> probiotics to enhance feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and health in heat-stressed Sapera goats.","authors":"Nurzainah Ginting, Edhy Mirwandhono, Nurjama'yah Br Ketaren, Yuan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1224-1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1224-1233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heat stress resulting from rising ambient temperatures in tropical climates poses a significant threat to ruminant productivity, leading to suppressed feed intake, impaired growth, and reduced health. Indigenous fermented foods such as <i>dadih</i> - a traditional probiotic made from fermented buffalo milk in bamboo tubes - may offer a sustainable nutritional intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>dadih</i> supplementation on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, pathogenic bacterial load, and hematological profiles of heat-stressed Sapera goats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The dominant bacterial strain in <i>dadih</i> was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> antagonism against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. An <i>in vivo</i> trial was conducted using 15 Sapera crossbred goats (15 ± 1.46 kg), randomly allocated into three treatment groups (n = 5): 8 cc <i>dadih</i>/day (Group A), 4 cc/day (Group B), and control (Group C). The trial lasted 4 weeks, during which feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), fecal pathogenic bacteria load, and hematological parameters were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probiotic strain was identified as <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> Japan collection of microorganisms 1149, exhibiting antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 9.3 mm (<i>E. coli</i>) and 9.5 mm (<i>Salmonella</i>). Goats supplemented with 4 cc <i>dadih</i> (Group B) demonstrated the highest daily weight gain (127.14 g/day), FE (0.15), and nutrient digestibility. A higher <i>dadih</i> dose (8 cc) significantly reduced fecal <i>E. coli</i> levels. Hematological indices remained within normal physiological ranges across all treatments, suggesting no adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first empirical evidence supporting the use of <i>dadih</i> as a climate-adaptive probiotic intervention in goats. Supplementation with 4 cc <i>dadih</i> optimized performance without disrupting hematological homeostasis, while 8 cc effectively suppressed gut pathogens. These findings offer novel insights into the functional role of traditional fermented probiotics in improving resilience to heat stress and promoting sustainable small ruminant production in tropical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1224-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vascular calibers and correlations with biomarkers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome.","authors":"Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto, Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro, Bianca Eidt Rodrigues, Hanna Rodrigues Miranda, Nathalia de Assis Pereira","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1345-1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1345-1356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pyometra is a common uterine disease in intact bitches, frequently progressing to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). While retinal vascular alterations have been observed in human SIRS cases, similar evaluations are lacking in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to evaluate retinal vascular calibers in bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS (P-SIRS) and explore correlations between retinal measurements and hematological, biochemical, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 bitches diagnosed with P-SIRS and 30 clinically healthy controls. Retinal images were captured at admission using a smartphone coupled with a Volk iNView® (Volk®, Mentor, OH, USA) device. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers within 0.5-1 disk diameter from the optic disk were measured using ImageJ software (https://imagej.net/ij/index.html). Concurrent hematology, serum biochemistry, VEGF, and IL-4 levels were analyzed. Statistical comparisons and correlations were assessed using non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal arteriolar calibers were significantly narrower (p = 0.0001) and venular calibers significantly wider (p = 0.0068) in P-SIRS patients compared to controls. Serum VEGF and IL-4 concentrations were markedly elevated in the P-SIRS group (p < 0.05). Retinal venular calibers positively correlated with band neutrophils (p = 0.02), monocytes (p = 0.04), and negatively with albumin (p = 0.008). Retinal arteriolar calibers negatively correlated with segmented neutrophils (p = 0.04) and VEGF (p = 0.0003). No ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS exhibited significant retinal microvascular alterations characterized by arteriolar narrowing and venular dilation. These vascular changes correlated with systemic inflammatory markers and VEGF levels, suggesting that retinal vascular assessment may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic inflammation in veterinary patients. Despite microvascular changes, no clinically visible retinal lesions were observed, warranting further longitudinal studies to elucidate their prognostic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1345-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of aromatase blockers for increased testosterone in poultry: A mini-review.","authors":"Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi, Claude Mona Airin, Sarmin Sarmin, Andhika Yudha Prawira, Pudji Astuti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1190-1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1190-1198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testosterone is a key androgenic hormone in male poultry, regulating growth performance, reproductive function, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. However, endogenous testosterone levels are often diminished through conversion to estrogen through the aromatase enzyme, presenting a physiological constraint in poultry production systems. While synthetic testosterone administration has been employed to overcome this limitation, it is frequently accompanied by adverse effects, including gonadal atrophy and impaired spermatogenesis. Consequently, aromatase blockers have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance testosterone levels by inhibiting estrogen biosynthesis. This review synthesizes current evidence on both synthetic aromatase blockers (SABs), such as letrozole and tamoxifen, and natural aromatase blockers (NAB), including compounds derived from <i>Anadara granosa</i> and <i>Anadara nodifera</i> clamshells, plant extracts, and trace minerals like zinc. The mechanisms, efficacy, physiological effects, and safety profiles of NAB are comparatively examined against SAB. The findings indicate that NAB can significantly elevate testosterone levels and improve reproductive and performance traits without the adverse histopathological effects observed with prolonged SAB or synthetic androgen use. This review highlights the potential of NAB as sustainable alternatives to synthetic hormones in poultry production and recommends further investigations to optimize dosing regimens, elucidate long-term effects, and explore combinatorial strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1190-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and phylogenetic analysis of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Hadri Latif, Debby Fadhilah Pazra, Chaerul Basri, Dinda Iryawati, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, Puji Rahayu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a prominent zoonotic pathogen with diverse virulence factors and significant antibiotic resistance, particularly in pig farming environments. Pig slaughterhouses are critical points of potential bacterial transmission to humans and the environment. Comprehensive genomic surveillance of <i>E. coli</i> in these settings remains limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic distribution, virulence gene profiles, pathotypes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia, using whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Environmental samples, including effluent and floor swabs (n = 200), were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses. <i>E. coli</i> isolates were identified and previously characterized for antibiotic resistance. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. Bioinformatic analyses, including virulence gene detection (VirulenceFinder), phylogenetic reconstruction (RAxML), and phylogroup determination (Clermont method), were conducted to classify isolates based on pathotype and genetic lineage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven virulence genes were identified, including 46 associated with enteric pathotypes (Enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i>: 35%, enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i>: 15%, and enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 5%) and 15 linked to extraintestinal pathotypes (uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 95%, and neonatal meningitis <i>E. coli</i>: 5%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five phylogroups - A, B1, D, G, and clade I - with A and B1 predominating. Most isolates (60%) exhibited a single pathotype, while a minority (5%) carried genes from multiple pathotypes. Serotypes O73, O78, and O157 were identified, with O73 being the most prevalent. No strong correlation was observed between phylogenetic clustering and virulence gene pathotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> with diverse virulence genes in pig slaughterhouses highlights significant zoonotic and environmental health risks. These findings underscore the need for enhanced hygiene practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and longitudinal genomic surveillance in Indonesian pig production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1242-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion dynamics and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> in commercial fish from the Western Pacific Ocean.","authors":"Dhito Dwi Pramardika, Fadjar Satrija, Sulistiono Sulistiono, Risa Tiuria, Arifin Budiman Nugraha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Western Pacific Ocean hosts rich marine biodiversity, yet the parasitic infections affecting its commercial fish species remain underexplored. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, morphological characteristics, molecular identity, and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> infection in commercial fish from this region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between January and April 2024, 178 fish samples from 12 commercial species were collected across three geographical clusters: Sangihe Island, Kahakitang Island, and Marore Island. Fish specimens were morphologically identified and dissected for parasite detection. Morphological identification of larvae was complemented by molecular characterization through polymerase chain reaction amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>A. typica</i> infection was observed in 10.7% of the fish sampled, with moderate infection intensity. <i>Euthynnus affinis</i> exhibited the highest prevalence (41.2%) and intensity (15.4). The intestinal wall was the dominant predilection site (96.3%). Molecular analyses confirmed <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>E. affinis</i>, <i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i>, <i>Decapterus kurroides</i>, and <i>Variola louti</i>, with high genetic similarity (93.38%-100%) to isolates previously reported from China. Notably, this study provides the first documentation of <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>D. kurroides</i> and <i>V. louti</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the ecological and zoonotic significance of <i>A. typica</i> infection in commercially important fish from the Western Pacific Ocean. The findings underscore the potential threats to marine ecosystem stability, fishery sustainability, and public health. High genetic proximity between <i>A. typica</i> isolates from Indonesia and China suggests historical host migrations, emphasizing the need for regional surveillance and integrated management strategies. Enhanced inspection practices and public awareness initiatives are crucial to mitigate the zoonotic risks posed by consuming infected fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1365-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}