Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Cryoprotectant-dependent preservation of cellular viability and oocyte-secreted factors in slow-frozen feline ovarian tissue.","authors":"Fueangrat Thatsanabunjong, Saritvich Panyaboriban, Supapit Kanthawat, Promporn Raksaseri, Paweena Thuwanut, Kongkiat Srisuwatanasagul, Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1119-1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1119-1131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is an important technique for preserving the reproductive potential of valuable and endangered species and plays a critical role in establishing genetic resource banks. However, the success of ovarian tissue cryopreservation depends largely on the choice of cryoprotective agent (CPA), which must balance protection against intracellular ice formation with potential cytotoxic effects. In feline ovarian tissue, the dense collagen-rich stromal architecture may further limit CPA diffusion, thereby influencing cryopreservation efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two commonly used penetrating CPAs, dimethyl sulfoxide (Me<sub>2</sub>SO) and ethylene glycol (EG), individually and in combination, on cellular apoptosis and the preservation of key oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs), growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15), following slow-freezing cryopreservation of feline ovarian tissue.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ovarian tissues were collected from six healthy domestic cats undergoing routine ovariohys-terectomy. Cortical fragments (approximately 2 × 2 × 3 mm³) were randomly assigned to five groups: Fresh control, Cryo-control (no CPA), 10% Me<sub>2</sub>SO, 10% EG, and a combination of 5% Me<sub>2</sub>SO + 5% EG. Tissues were cryopreserved using a programmable slow-freezing protocol with controlled cooling rates and stored in liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw tissue integrity was evaluated through histomorphological examination, apoptosis detection using the TUNEL assay, and protein expression analysis using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc testing (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cryopreserved groups exhibited significantly higher apoptosis than fresh tissue. However, tissues preserved with Me<sub>2</sub>SO alone or in combination with EG demonstrated apoptotic indices comparable to those of Fresh controls, whereas EG alone and Cryo-control groups showed significantly higher apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that both GDF9 and BMP15 protein levels were significantly reduced after cryopreservation. Nevertheless, GDF9 expression was partially preserved in CPA-treated groups compared with Cryo-control tissue. In contrast, BMP15 expression remained markedly reduced in all cryopreserved groups, indicating high cryosensitivity. Immunohistochemical analysis further showed that the combined Me<sub>2</sub>SO + EG treatment better maintained follicular localization and intensity of GDF9 and BMP15 in primordial and primary follicles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Me<sub>2</sub>SO-based cryopreservation protocols effectively reduce apoptosis and maintain structural integrity in feline ovarian tissue. However, significant depletion of critical OSFs, particularly BMP15, occurs despite preserved morpholo","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1119-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimatrix surveillance of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in dairy farm ecosystems: A One Health study in Batu City, Indonesia.","authors":"Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Rahayu Sutrisno, Muhammad Ali Akramsyah Safri, Indah Amalia Amri, Siti Kurniawati, Sruti Listra Adrenalin, Tira Erlinda, Na Young Nirmalasari, Bagus Aji Masardhi, Nadia Ananda Prasetia Dion","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1342-1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1342-1355","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; is a growing global public health concern, especially at the human-animal-environment interface of dairy farming systems. Dairy farms may serve as reservoirs for resistant bacteria through contaminated milk, feed, water, soil, and human-related environmental sources, enabling transmission within a One Health framework. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR, multidrug resistance (MDR), and ESBL-producing &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; across various matrixes in dairy cattle farms in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia, to identify potential on-farm reservoirs and transmission pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional surveillance study was conducted from May to August 2025 on 59 dairy farms. One sample per matrix per farm was collected, including milk, forage, soil, animal drinking water, hand-wash water, and feces (total n = 354). Isolation and phenotypic identification of &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; were carried out using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against seven antibiotics representing different classes was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Isolates resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes were classified as MDR, and ESBL production was confirmed using the double-disk synergy test. Prevalence estimates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; was found in 61.3% (217/354) of all samples, with the highest occurrence in forage feed (84.7%), drinking water (74.6%), hand-wash water (71.2%), and soil (71.2%), followed by milk (50.8%) and feces (15.3%). High resistance rates were seen for ampicillin (89.4%), streptomycin (71.4%), and cefotaxime (38.3%), while resistance to ciprofloxacin was low (2.8%). MDR was present in 35.0% (76/217) of isolates, most commonly showing resistance to three antimicrobial classes (61.8%). Among the MDR isolates, 21.1% (16/76) were confirmed as ESBL producers, mainly from environmental sources, especially forage feed and drinking water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The widespread detection of MDR and ESBL-producing &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; in animal-derived, environmental, and human-related samples shows that dairy farms serve as significant One Health reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental factors, particularly feed and water, seem to play a crucial role in the persistence and spread of resistance. These results provide baseline epidemiological data for Indonesian dairy farms and emphasize the importance of better antimicrobial stewardship, improved farm biosecurity, and future molecular surveillance to better understand resistance patterns and support risk-based strategies to reduce AMR dissemination in dairy production ecosystems.&lt;","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1342-1355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of the <i>iroN</i> virulence gene in multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from quails in traditional markets of Surabaya, Indonesia.","authors":"Maria Oliva Keytimu, Ummi Rahayu, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, John Yew Huat Tang, Mariana Febrilianti Resilinda Putri, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Saifur Rehman, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, Irfan Alias Kendek","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.920-932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.920-932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a common intestinal commensal in poultry, but avian pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (APEC) strains can cause colibacillosis and pose zoonotic risks due to genetic similarities with human extraintestinal pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (ExPEC). Quails sold in traditional markets may serve as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and virulent strains, yet data from Indonesia are limited. Iron acquisition systems, such as the <i>iroN</i> gene encoding the salmochelin siderophore receptor, are critical virulence determinants in APEC, enabling survival in iron-limited host environments and potentially linking to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This cross-sectional laboratory-based study aimed to detect MDR <i>E. coli</i> from quail cloacal swabs in Surabaya's traditional markets and screen MDR isolates for the <i>iroN</i> gene, highlighting market level risks within a One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From November to December 2024, 150 cloacal swabs were collected from quails across five traditional markets (Turi, Bratang, Cemara Pabean, Kupang, and Benowo) in Surabaya, Indonesia. Samples were enriched in buffered peptone water, streaked on eosin methylene blue agar and MacConkey agar, and confirmed as <i>E. coli</i> via Gram staining and biochemical tests (Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Simmons Citrate Agar, Sulfide Indole Motility, and Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer). Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar against aztreonam (ATM 30 µg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 µg), tetracycline (TE, 30 µg), kanamycin (K, 30 µg), and chloramphenicol (C, 30 µg), interpreted per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M100 (2023) guidelines. MDR was defined as resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes. MDR isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction for <i>iroN</i> detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>E. coli</i> was isolated from 148/150 samples (98.7%), with 100% positivity in Turi, Bratang, and Cemara Pabean markets. Resistance rates were highest to C (33.1%), followed by TE (22.3%), ATM (13.5%), K (6.1%), and C (4.7%). Four isolates (2.7%) were MDR, distributed in Turi (1), Cemara Pabean (2), and Kupang (1). MDR patterns included ATM/CIP/TE (two isolates), ATM/CIP/K (one), and ATM/CIP/TE/K/C (one). All four MDR isolates were positive for <i>iroN</i>, indicating a 100% association in this subset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quails in Surabaya's traditional markets harbor prevalent <i>E. coli</i> with notable AMR, including MDR strains carrying the <i>iroN</i> virulence gene, underscoring their role as potential APEC reservoirs. This convergence of resistance and virulence highlights zoonotic and public health risks, necessitating enhanced AMR surveillance, market hygiene, and antibiotic stewardship under One Health principles. Future studies should explore genomic mechanisms and transmission pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"920-932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling of bull spermatozoa and seminal plasma to inform the rational development of functionally targeted semen extenders for tropical cattle.","authors":"Sahiruddin Sahiruddin, Muhammad Yusuf, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Masturi Masturi, Herdis Herdis, Tulus Maulana, Vinsensius Raymond Sihombing, Rahmat Rahmat, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah, Ahmad Alfaruqi Syahrandi Adam, Syahruddin Said, Andi Muhammad Alfian","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1163-1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1163-1177","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Artificial insemination (AI) is a cornerstone technology for genetic improvement in livestock; however, the fertility outcomes of cryopreserved semen often remain inconsistent, particularly in tropical production systems where heat stress and oxidative damage compromise sperm function. Conventional semen extenders are largely developed through empirical approaches and may not adequately reflect the molecular characteristics of locally adapted cattle breeds. Proteomic profiling offers an opportunity to identify endogenous proteins involved in sperm function and resilience, thereby enabling the rational design of functionally targeted semen extenders. This study aimed to characterize the proteomic profiles of bull spermatozoa and seminal plasma and to identify functional proteins associated with semen quality traits to inform the development of biologically informed extender formulations for tropical cattle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Semen samples were collected from three sexually mature Bali bulls maintained under standardized management conditions. Three ejaculates were obtained from each bull, resulting in nine ejaculates for evaluation. Semen quality parameters, including motility, viability, abnormality, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity, were assessed using conventional microscopic techniques and computer-assisted sperm analysis. For proteomic analysis, spermatozoa and seminal plasma fractions were separated by centrifugation and subjected to protein extraction, enzymatic digestion, and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics tools for functional annotation, Gene Ontology classification, and protein-protein interaction analysis to determine their biological roles and potential relevance to semen preservation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Fresh semen exhibited high motility (86.28% ± 3.26%), membrane integrity (86.35% ± 2.88%), and acrosome integrity (79.65% ± 6.93%), indicating overall favorable semen quality. Proteomic analysis identified 371 proteins, including 101 unique to spermatozoa and 270 shared between spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Functional annotation revealed that sperm proteins were predominantly associated with energy metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, and spermatogenesis, whereas seminal plasma proteins were enriched in antioxidant activity, immune response, and proteolytic processes. Key proteins involved in mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, acrosomal activity, and structural integrity were identified and associated with semen quality parameters, including motility, viability, and membrane stability. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated coordinated relationships among mitochondrial enzymes, structural proteins, and fertilization-related molecules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The integration of semen quality assessment with proteomic profilin","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1163-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-nitrogen interaction controls postbiotic short-chain fatty acid spectrum in a bacterial-yeast consortium: a central composite design approach.","authors":"Yetti Marlida, Lili Anggraini, Tan Joo Shun, Syofyan Syofyan, Rima Dwitaviani, Laily Rinda Ardani, Thelsa Anggun Bagaskaraell","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1027-1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1027-1042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Postbiotics, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play critical roles in gut health, immune modulation, and animal productivity. However, nutrient-driven metabolic regulation of SCFA production in mixed microbial systems under rumen-simulated conditions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to optimize SCFA production and to evaluate how carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and incubation time, interact to control metabolic outputs in a bacterial-yeast consortium during <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A co-culture of <i>Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis</i> LH991 and <i>Pichia kudriavzevii B-5P</i> was incubated anaerobically with goat rumen fluid using a response surface methodology-central composite design. Three variables were tested: glucose (0.1-0.3 g/L), yeast extract (5-15 g/L), and incubation time (24-72 h). Individual SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate) were quantified by gas chromatography, and quadratic polynomial models were used to determine optimal conditions and interaction effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Model adequacy was confirmed with R² values ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 and non-significant lack-of-fit tests (p > 0.05). Optimal acetate production occurred at moderate C (0.2 g/L), N (10 g/L), and 48 h incubation. In contrast, propionate, butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate production were maximized under low C (0.1 g/L), high N (15 g/L), and extended incubation (72 h). Valerate production showed dual optima depending on incubation duration and substrate balance. Response surface plots demonstrated clear nutrient-dependent metabolic shifts, indicating that N enrichment combined with C limitation redirected metabolic flux toward branched-chain and energy-dense SCFAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a previously unreported nutrient-dependent metabolic switching mechanism in a bacterial-yeast consortium under rumen-simulated conditions. Precise manipulation of C, N, and incubation time enables targeted modulation of SCFA profiles, providing a scalable strategy for cost-effective postbiotic production. These findings support the development of optimized microbial fermentation systems for animal nutrition, functional feeds, and industrial postbiotic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1027-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of insulin-like growth factor-1, lycopene, and α-tocopherol on mitochondrial dynamics and developmental competence of buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) oocytes during <i>in vitro</i> maturation.","authors":"Omaima Mohamed Kandil, Sara Mohamed Elamey, Sayed Ahmed Hattab, Nabil Mohamed Baker, Mohamed Asran Elbehiry","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1178-1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1178-1195","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;In &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; embryo production (IVEP) systems, the efficiency of oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development is often limited by oxidative stress and suboptimal mitochondrial function. Supplementation of maturation media with growth factors and antioxidants has been proposed as a strategy to enhance oocyte developmental competence. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes cell survival and proliferation, while antioxidants such as lycopene and α-tocopherol reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage. Although these supplements have individually demonstrated beneficial effects in various species, comparative studies evaluating their influence under identical conditions in buffalo (&lt;i&gt;Bubalus bubalis&lt;/i&gt;) oocytes are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IGF-1, lycopene, and α-tocopherol supplementation during &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; maturation on nuclear maturation, embryo developmental competence, and mitochondrial dynamics in buffalo oocytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 1,485 high-quality buffalo oocytes were subjected to &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; maturation (IVM) in four experimental groups: control (Tissue culture medium [TCM]-199), TCM-199 supplemented with 100 ng/mL IGF-1, TCM-199 supplemented with 0.2 μM lycopene, and TCM-199 supplemented with 100 μM α-tocopherol. Oocytes were incubated for 22 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Mature oocytes (n = 1,149) were then fertilized &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; using Fert-TALP medium and cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOF) for 7 days to evaluate cleavage, morula, and blastocyst formation rates. Mitochondrial activity and distribution were assessed in 120 mature oocytes using MitoTracker Red FM staining followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Mitochondrial patterns were classified as diffuse, semi-diffuse, semi-peripheral, or peripheral. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test or chi-square analysis, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The nuclear maturation rate (metaphase II stage) was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the IGF-1 and lycopene groups (85.2% and 87.3%, respectively) compared with the control (73.3%) and α-tocopherol groups (76.2%). Cleavage, morula, and blastocyst formation rates were also significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the IGF-1 (89.3%, 28.5%, and 20.6%) and lycopene (84.2%, 30.8%, and 32.7%) groups than in the control (75.1%, 20.3%, and 12.2%) and α-tocopherol (76.7%, 23.2%, and 14.4%) groups. Lycopene produced the highest blastocyst yield. Mitochondrial fluorescence intensity was significantly greater (p &lt; 0.01) in all supplemented groups compared with the control. Diffuse mitochondrial distribution predominated in IGF-1- and lycopene-treated oocytes, indicating improved cytoplasmic competence and metabolic activity, ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1178-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of <i>Bacopa monnieri</i> against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats: biochemical, oxidative stress, histopathological, and Kidney Injury Molecule-1-based evidence.","authors":"S Sahana, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah, Ravindra Maradi, K G Mohandas Rao, Sangita G Kamath, Shalini Adiga, S Chandana, Monalisa Biswas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1069-1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1069-1084","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is widely employed in the treatment of various malignancies. However, its clinical utility is restricted by dose-limiting hepatorenal toxicities, primarily driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and direct cytotoxicity. The present &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of &lt;i&gt;Bacopa monnieri&lt;/i&gt; extract against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats, utilizing biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathological assessment, and the early renal injury marker Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (&lt;i&gt;KIM-1&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 per group): control (normal saline), cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 7), and three intervention groups receiving &lt;i&gt;B. monnieri&lt;/i&gt; (BM) extract orally at 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg daily for 10 consecutive days concomitantly with cisplatin. Urine samples were collected on day 9 for &lt;i&gt;KIM-1&lt;/i&gt; quantification. On day 11, animals were euthanized, and blood, liver, and kidney tissues were obtained for biochemical assays (liver and kidney function tests, malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and histopathological evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Administration of &lt;i&gt;BM&lt;/i&gt; at 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (all p &lt; 0.001 versus the cisplatin group). Total protein and albumin levels were restored toward control values in the 300 mg/kg group. Urea concentrations decreased significantly at 300 mg/kg, while creatinine levels were reduced at both 200 and 300 mg/kg doses (p &lt; 0.001). Urinary &lt;i&gt;KIM-1&lt;/i&gt; concentrations remained elevated in all cisplatin-exposed groups without significant mitigation by &lt;i&gt;BM&lt;/i&gt;. Dose-dependent improvements in antioxidant status were observed, with increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and decreased malondialdehyde levels in both liver and kidney tissues (p &lt; 0.001 at higher doses). These biochemical findings were strongly supported by histopathological evidence showing reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular necrosis, hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, and fatty change, with near-normal tissue architecture restored at the 300 mg/kg dose.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;BM&lt;/i&gt; extract confers significant, dose-dependent hepatorenal protection against cisplatin-induced toxicity, predominantly through its potent antioxidant mechanisms, with maximal efficacy at 300 mg/kg. However, it failed to prevent early proximal tubular injury as reflected by persistent &lt;i&gt;KIM-1&lt;/i&gt; elevation. These results position &lt;i&gt;BM&lt;/i&gt; as a promising adjunctive agent in cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens and justify further mechanistic and clinical tr","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1069-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> causing diarrhea in yak calves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: phenotypic characterization, whole-genome sequencing, and pathogenicity analysis.","authors":"Qian Chen, Di Wu, Zhen Yang, Chang Sun, Shulin Tang, Changjiang Chen, Bin Wei, Qing Liu, Pengxia Bai, Hongjuan Zhang, Shengyi Wang, Baocheng Hao","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.948-963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.948-963","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Calf diarrhea represents a major threat to yak (&lt;i&gt;Bos grunniens&lt;/i&gt;) husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where extreme environmental conditions (high altitude, low oxygen, cold temperatures) and irregular antibiotic use may accelerate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and identify the predominant bacterial agents responsible for diarrhea in yak calves, determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and investigate the genomic features and pathogenicity of the most resistant strain to provide evidence-based guidance for prevention and control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Rectal swabs were collected from 12 naturally diarrheic yak calves across four geographically distinct farms in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province, during the peak season (June-July). Bacterial isolates were obtained through enrichment in Luria-Bertani broth followed by plating on Luria-Bertani agar, and identified by Gram staining, &lt;i&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/i&gt; gene amplification (primers 27F/1492R), and Sanger sequencing with BLAST comparison (&gt;99.5% identity). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with 17 antibiotics representing eight classes, interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute VET08-Ed4 breakpoints. The most MDR isolate (HYCQ01) underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform. Genome assembly quality was evaluated with BUSCO v5.4.7; virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were annotated against the Virulence Factor Database and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, respectively (BLASTP, e-value ≤ 1e-5, identity ≥ 40%, length ≥ 50 bp). Pathogenicity was tested in 20 male C57BL/6 mice (7-8 weeks, 20 ± 2 g) via intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; colony-forming units/mL bacterial suspension (100 μl/kg); survival was monitored, and organ histopathology (heart, jejunum, kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen) was examined after hematoxylin-eosin staining. All animal procedures were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee (No. 2024-030). Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 10.1.2 with one-way analysis of variance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eight &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; strains were isolated from the 12 samples and confirmed by &lt;i&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/i&gt; sequencing. All isolates displayed MDR phenotypes, showing 100% resistance to penicillin G and clindamycin, 87.5% to sulfafurazole, and 75.0% to erythromycin. WGS of HYCQ01 revealed 32 resistance classes and 152 resistance genes, consistent with its phenotype (including β-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide resistance determinants, and tetracycline efflux pumps). Virulence genes included Type III secretion system components, alginate biofilm regulators, iron acquisition systems (&lt;i&gt;pvdE&lt;/i&gt;), and hemolysins (&lt;i&gt;rck&lt;/i&gt;). Phylogenetically, HYCQ01 clustered near enterot","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"948-963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific effects of <i>guanosine monophosphate synthase</i> and <i>steroid receptor coactivator</i> gene polymorphisms on cashmere fineness and production traits in Liaoning Cashmere goats.","authors":"Qingyu Yuan, Qiying Zhan, Ran Duan, Yichao Zhao, Hao Lin, Shuaitong Li, Weihang Hong, Hua Ma, Lingchao Kong, Wangshu Li, Haoran Wang, Xiaochen Kou, Dakun Lyu, Yunlong Guo, Jiamei Liang, Zeying Wang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.992-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.992-1009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Liaoning Cashmere goat&lt;/i&gt; (LCG) is a dual-purpose breed of major economic importance in China, valued for its high cashmere yield and meat quality. Cashmere fineness (CF) remains a primary target for genetic improvement because fiber diameter directly determines textile value and market price. This study examined the sex-specific effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the &lt;i&gt;guanosine monophosphate synthase&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;steroid receptor coactivator&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt;) genes on CF and a broad spectrum of production traits to identify functional markers for marker-assisted selection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 1,160 healthy LCGs (89 bucks and 1,071 does, 2-4 years of age) from the same nucleus herd were included. The C31799T locus in &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; and the C34197G locus in &lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt; were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Genotype-trait associations were tested using general linear mixed models, with genotype, sex, and age as fixed effects, and pedigree information incorporated to control for relatedness. Haplotype phases were inferred separately for each sex with the SHEsis platform. Phenotypes recorded comprised cashmere production traits (fineness, length, yield), body size measurements, slaughter performance, meat quality attributes, milk composition, and lambing rate. Data normality, homoscedasticity, and multicollinearity were verified prior to analysis; statistical significance was declared at p &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The TT genotype at the &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; C31799T locus and the CG genotype at the &lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt; C34197G locus were significantly associated with finer cashmere fibers (p &lt; 0.05). Sex-stratified analyses showed that the &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; TT genotype conferred superior CF in does (p &lt; 0.01) and longer staple length in both sexes (p &lt; 0.01), whereas the &lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt; CG genotype improved fineness specifically in does (p &lt; 0.01). Haplotype analysis identified CCCC as the optimal combination for finer cashmere in bucks and TTGG in does. Pleiotropic effects were evident: the &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; CC genotype favored larger body dimensions, the &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; TT genotype enhanced carcass traits in bucks, and the &lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt; CG genotype improved lactation performance. CF exhibited positive correlations with cashmere yield (bucks: r = 0.412; does: r = 0.384; p &lt; 0.01) and negative associations with several slaughter traits. Path and stepwise regression analyses clarified direct and indirect effects, underscoring sex-dependent genetic trade-offs between fiber quality and meat production.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This is the first study to establish &lt;i&gt;GMPS&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;SRC&lt;/i&gt; as key candidate genes influencing CF in goats. The identified superior genotypes and haplotypes provide sex-specific molecular markers that can be immediately deployed in marker-assisted selection programs to acc","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"992-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of Kazakhstan.","authors":"Zhanat Adilbekov, Raikhan Mustafina, Shyngys Suleimenov, Ainur Serikova, Gulnur Zhuzzassarova, Zhanbolat Suranshiyev, Aslan Bainiyazov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.1052-1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1052-1068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Technogenic pollution from industrial activities and legacy nuclear testing remains a major environmental concern in several regions of Kazakhstan. Contaminants such as heavy metals and radionuclides can migrate through environmental matrixes into the food chain, potentially compromising the safety of livestock- and fish-derived food products. This study aimed to assess contamination levels of toxic elements and radionuclides in meat, poultry, milk, dairy products, and freshwater fish from technogenically hazardous regions of Eastern, Northern, and Central Kazakhstan and to evaluate their compliance with established safety standards.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional monitoring study was conducted from August 2024 to September 2025 in the Abai, Akmola, and Karaganda regions. A total of 383 samples of meat, milk, and dairy products and 143 freshwater fish samples were collected from farms, retail markets, and local water bodies. Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90 were analyzed using a multichannel gamma spectrometer with radiochemical methods where applicable. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated concentrations of toxic elements were detected in several livestock products. The Karaganda region showed the highest contamination, including exceedances of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in horse meat and elevated Cu in beef. In the Akmola region, exceedances were mainly observed for Cu and occasionally Cd, whereas in the Abai region Cd exceedances predominated. Poultry meat generally met safety standards, except for Cd exceedance in chicken from the Akmola region. In dairy products, Cd and Cu exceeded permissible levels in cottage cheese and milk in selected districts, while Pb exceeded limits in whole milk samples from the Abai region. Freshwater fish contained detectable heavy metals, but concentrations remained below maximum permissible limits. Radionuclide levels in all tested products were substantially below regulatory thresholds, and no statistically significant regional differences were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrate localized accumulation of toxic elements in livestock-derived foods in industrially impacted regions of Kazakhstan, while radionuclide contamination remains within safe limits. Continuous environmental monitoring and strengthened food safety surveillance are required to minimize health risks and ensure the safety of animal-derived food products in technogenically affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 3","pages":"1052-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}