Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Effects of honey saccharide supplementation on growth performance, amylase enzyme activity, gut microvilli, and microbiome in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>.","authors":"Yani Aryati, Ekorini Farastuti, Lili Sholichah, Isti Koesharyani, Lila Gardenia, Early Septiningsih, Muhamad Yamin, Parwa Oryzanti, Dewi Puspaningsih, Desy Sugiani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.228-237","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.228-237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Prebiotics, such as saccharides in honey, play a crucial role in improving gut microbiota, digestion, and immune function. This study evaluates the effects of Kapok flower honey saccharides on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A completely randomized design was implemented with four honey supplementation levels (0% control, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) applied to juvenile <i>C. carpio</i> diets over 30 days. Growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal microvilli structure, gut microbiota, and amylase activity were analyzed using advanced techniques, including high performance liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kapok flower honey contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS, 14.76%) and inulin (6.6%). Supplementation at 1% significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate. Amylase activity increased with honey supplementation, peaking at 24.13 ± 3.11 U g^-1 protein for the 1% group. Gut morphology analysis revealed longer, denser intestinal microvilli and higher perimeter ratios in honey-treated groups than controls. Microbiota analysis showed increased beneficial <i>Bacillus</i> spp. exclusively in the honey-supplemented groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Honey saccharides, particularly FOS and inulin, significantly enhance the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and gut health of common carp. Supplementation with 1% honey is optimal, improving feed efficiency and fostering beneficial gut microbiota. These findings highlight honey as a cost-effective, natural prebiotic for aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"228-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging challenges in aquaculture: Current perspectives and human health implications.","authors":"M Oghenebrorhie Ruben, A Bolanle Akinsanola, M Ekemini Okon, Teslim Shitu, I Iretomiwa Jagunna","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.15-28","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.15-28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture, the cultivation of aquatic organisms for human consumption, has become an essential contributor to global food security. However, it faces numerous challenges that threaten its sustainability and capacity to meet the growing demand for animal protein. This review investigates these challenges, with a particular focus on environmental degradation, public health risks, and ethical dilemmas posed by genetic interventions in fish breeding. Despite the promise of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in enhancing fish production, their integration into aquaculture remains controversial due to potential risks and unresolved ethical questions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these pressing issues and propose pathways for sustainable aquaculture development. With the global population increasing and the demand for animal protein intensifying, aquaculture holds great potential as a sustainable food source. However, its contribution to global protein demand remains minimal, projected to decline to as low as 4% in the coming decades. Furthermore, aquaculture's environmental impact, including pollution of water bodies and ecosystem disruption, poses serious threats to biodiversity and public health. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the long-term viability of aquaculture. By exploring the intersection of sustainability, ethics, and innovation, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to advance sustainable aquaculture practices. This study aims to evaluate the current state of aquaculture and identify key challenges related to environmental sustainability, public health, and ethical considerations. It seeks to explore the potential of sustainable practices and genetic interventions to address these challenges while balancing the need for increased production and societal acceptance. The ultimate goal is to offer practical recommendations for fostering a resilient and ethical aquaculture industry capable of meeting future global food demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminal plasma protein profiles based on molecular weight as biomarkers of sperm fertility in horned and polled Bali bulls.","authors":"Rasyidah Mappanganro, Herry Sonjaya, Sudirman Baco, Hasbi Hasbi, Sri Gustina","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.122-132","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.122-132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Seminal plasma proteins (SPPs) significantly influence sperm quality, playing a critical role in fertility. This study aims to investigate the molecular weight (MW) profiles of SPPs in horned and polled Bali bulls and their correlation with sperm quality parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen samples were collected from six Bali bulls (3 horned, 3 polled). Sperm quality was evaluated based on motility, viability, abnormalities, intact membranes, and acrosomes. SPPs were extracted and analyzed using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine protein MWs. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze relationships between MW profiles and sperm quality metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SPPs were identified across a MW range of 15-165 kDa, with specific proteins showing strong correlations with sperm quality. Proteins at 50 and 46 kDa positively correlated with motility (r = -0.96), viability (r = -0.99), and intact membranes (r = -0.86). Conversely, proteins at 40 kDa negatively correlated with these parameters. A 25 kDa protein displayed a positive correlation with intact acrosomes (r = -0.93) and a negative correlation with abnormalities (r = -0.99). Differences in sperm quality metrics between horned and polled bulls were observed, with polled bulls exhibiting fewer abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of SPP MW profiles as biomarkers of sperm quality in Bali bulls. Proteins at 50, 46, and 25 kDa are promising markers for sperm motility, viability, and intact acrosomes, respectively. These findings could inform bull selection and reproductive management strategies. Further research is recommended to validate these biomarkers using advanced proteomic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First study on molecular identification of <i>Anaplasma ovis</i> in sheep in southern Kazakhstan.","authors":"Alexandr Ostrovskii, Madina Kadyrova, Nurdina Yerzhanova, Dinara Kamalova, Amirkhan Kassen, Nailya Tursunbay, Alexandr Shevtsov, Christian Bauer, Kassym Mukanov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.67-75","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.67-75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Anaplasmosis in small ruminants is a tick-borne infection caused mainly by the obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium <i>Anaplasma ovis</i>. It is usually subclinical, with persistent infection in affected animals, but acute disease can occur, particularly in young animals. The pathogen is widespread in Central Asia and neighboring regions. In Kazakhstan, the infection was first detected in 1929. However, until now, diagnosis in the country has been based on traditional microscopic examination of blood smears. There were no reliable data on the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in sheep in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. infection in sheep in southern Kazakhstan, a high-risk region for tick-borne diseases, using PCR and to identify the species by sequencing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on apparently healthy adult ewes from 77 settlements in 34 districts of Kyzylorda, Turkistan, Zhambyl, Almaty, and Jetisu, southern Kazakhstan. A total of 2553 whole blood samples collected in midsummer 2022 and 2023 were analyzed for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. using polymerase chain reaction targeting the 404 bp <i>groEL</i> gene fragment. The amplification products from the 441 positive samples were sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences was performed using the maximum likelihood model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1017/2553 (39.8%; 95% confidence interval: 37.9%-41.7%) ewes tested were positive for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. Positive animals were found in 68/77 (88%) of the settlements from which samples were taken. The percentage of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp.-positive ewes varied significantly from 21.3% to 50.1% in the provinces. Altitude <500 m above sea level was identified as a risk factor for <i>Anaplasma</i> infection. All amplification products were identified as <i>A. ovis</i> through sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>groEL</i> gene fragment sequences revealed the presence of two <i>A. ovis</i> genotypes; one was 100% identical to sequences from isolates from China and the other was >99.5% identical to isolates from Africa, Cyprus, and China.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first molecular study revealed a widespread of <i>A</i>. <i>ovis</i> infection in adult ewes in southern Kazakhstan. Altitude <500 m was identified as a risk factor. Therefore, clinical cases associated with <i>A. ovis</i> are expected in this region, especially in young animals. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical and economic impact of anaplasmosis on sheep production in the country, to investigate seasonal patterns of infection, and to identify tick species or other arthropods that act as local vectors. This information is useful for developing possible control measures and evaluating their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from wastewater of dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Hani Plumeriastuti, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Rahayu Sutrisno, Muhammad Ali Akramsyah Safri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.162-171","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.162-171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in dairy farm wastewater represents a significant threat to environmental and public health due to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes. This study investigates the molecular profiles of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates harboring <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, <i>bla</i> _TEM, and <i>bla</i> _SHV genes from dairy farm wastewater in East Java, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Wastewater samples (n = 342) were collected from six major dairy regions in East Java: Pasuruan, Malang, Tulungagung, Blitar, Batu, and Kediri. The samples underwent bacterial isolation, identification, and ESBL phenotypic screening using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). Molecular genotyping of <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, <i>bla</i> _TEM, and <i>bla</i> _SHV was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the samples, 69.30% (237/342) tested positive for <i>E. coli</i>, with 32.91% (78/237) identified as ESBL producers through DDST. Molecular genotyping confirmed ESBL genes in 28.20% (22/78) of the isolates. The genotypic distribution was 77.2% (17/22) <i>bla</i> _TEM, 4.5% (1/22) <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, 9.0% (2/22) <i>bla</i> _TEM + <i>bla</i> _SHV, and 9.0% (2/22) <i>bla</i> _TEM + <i>bla</i> _CTX-M. These findings highlight the dominance of <i>bla</i> _TEM and the presence of multi-gene combinations in East Java's dairy farm wastewater.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified molecular profiles underscore dairy farm wastewater as a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, particularly <i>bla</i> _TEM. Addressing this issue necessitates stringent antimicrobial use policies, improved wastewater management, and enhanced biosecurity measures. These findings support a One Health approach to mitigate environmental and public health risks associated with AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the physical and phenotypic traits of native cattle (<i>Bos indicus</i>) in the Tarai region of North Bihar for conservation.","authors":"Krishna Mohan, Pramod Kumar, Anandamoy Kundu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.95-101","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.95-101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The evaluation of the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of indigenous breeds may help to frame breeding policies and plans to implement breed conservation and improvement programs to increase the efficiency of the native breed of the Tarai region. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of indigenous cattle of the Tarai region of North Bihar.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A field study was undertaken in 32 villages belonging to 13 blocks of the East and West Champaran districts of Bihar. Animals (n = 562) of different age groups were studied to evaluate their phenotypic and morphological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It revealed that cattle of the Tarai region are small breeds, and the heights at withers in the females and males were 104.2 ± 0.32 cm and 115 ± 0.27, respectively, with a significant (p = 0.000) difference between sexes. In addition, heart girth was significantly (p = 0.000) higher in males than females. Body length and chest girth were 101.6 ± 0.13 cm and 132.6 ± 0.25 in adult females and 114.8 ± 0.23 cm and 145.7 ± 0.15 cm in adult males, respectively. Body weight also differed significantly (p = 0.001), with 180.9 ± 1.12 and 208.7 ± 1.91 cm for females and males, respectively. Among the draught animals of India, the region cows were comparatively low milkers, with an average lactation yield of 680.2 ± 4.52 kg with a mean lactation length of 224.5 ± 2.06 days and a peak yield of 3.4 ± 0.06 kg/day. The age at first calving and calving interval of Tarai cattle was recorded 32.4 ± 0.22 months and 16.2 ± 0.12 months, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study could serve as a potential guide for the establishment and identification of new cattle breeds based on the phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of the cattle in Tarai region of North Bihar using baseline data. The data generated from this study can be useful for new Tarai breed identification and serve to establish long-term selective breeding programs for Tarai cattle in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of reproductive performance in Bali-polled bulls using computer-assisted semen analysis and plasma seminal proteomics.","authors":"Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Sanstoso Santoso, Herdis Herdis, Muhammad Yusuf, Tri Puji Priyatno, Tulus Maulana, Abdul Latief Toleng, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong, Syahruddin Said, Hikmayani Iskandar, Aeni Nurlatifah, Puji Lestari, Lukman Affandy, Abdullah Baharun","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.102-109","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.102-109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bali-polled bulls, known for their favorable traits, require advanced reproductive performance analysis to optimize breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate sperm kinematics and seminal plasma proteomic profiles as biomarkers for sperm motility and fertility in Bali-polled bulls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen from five Bali-polled bulls was collected biweekly over five batches using artificial vaginas. Sperm kinematics were assessed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Fertility was evaluated through service per conception (S/C) in artificial insemination trials. Seminal plasma proteins were analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and annotated using the UniProt database, PANTHER for gene ontology, and STRING database for protein interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-thaw sperm kinematics showed satisfactory results, with a mean S/C of 1.52. Proteomic analysis identified 138 proteins, including six (TEX101, BSP1, PRSS55, BSP3, SPADH2, and TPPP2) linked to sperm motility. These proteins were involved in key biological processes such as sperm capacitation, motility regulation, and sperm-oocyte interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sperm kinematics and seminal plasma proteomics provide insights into Bali-polled bull fertility. Identified proteins can serve as fertility biomarkers, aiding in superior local breed development and reproductive efficiency improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Yayan Taufiq Hidayat, Roza Azizah Primatika, Yatri Drastini","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.76-84","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.76-84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devastating infectious disease in cattle. Rembang Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia, has suffered over 3800 cases of LSD and 75 deaths since early 2023. This region holds the 4^th number of most populous beef cattle producers in Central Java. However, until now, there have been no reports on the prevalence and risk factors related to LSD in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LSD and identify associated risk factors in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample size was 458 cattle, which were determined using the formula (n = 4PQ/L²) and two-stage random sampling technique, were examined physically through LSD typical clinical signs, namely distinguishing firm, circumscribed, few (mild forms) to multiple (severe forms) skin nodules. Structured questionnaires and interviews with farm owners were used to identify risk factors. The data related to the LSD were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with Chi-square and odd ratios, and multivariate logistic regression to retrieve the logit model. All data were compiled in Microsoft^® Excel, while analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency was 28.2%. There were 11 significant risk factors associated with LSD. The multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors significantly contributing to LSD were knowledge of LSD transmission (p = 0.035, Odds ratios [OR] = 2.933), waste management (p = 0.014, OR = 4.015), rainy season (p = 0.019, OR = 2.944), and proximity between farms (p = 0.003, OR = 4.506). The logistic regression model analysis was as follows: LSD (Y) = -6.719 + 1.041 (knowledge of LSD transmission) + 1.390 (waste management) + 1.080 (rainy season) + 1.505 (proximity between farms).</p><p><strong>Conclusio: </strong>n: This study revealed a significant prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with 28.2% of cattle affected. Key risk factors contributing to LSD outbreaks were insufficient knowledge of transmission, inadequate waste management, seasonal rainfall, and close proximity between farms. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including educational programs for farm owners, improved waste management practices, and strategies to mitigate seasonal and spatial risks to control LSD in the region effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet supplementation with phytase and xylanase on laying performance, egg quality, apparent metabolizable energy, and phosphorous use in laying hens.","authors":"Autchara Kayan, Sombat Prasongsook, Theerawit Poeikhampha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.155-161","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.155-161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The inclusion of supplementary enzymes, such as phytase and xylanase, in poultry diets enhances nutrient digestibility and reduces excreta output, minimizing environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase and xylanase supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and phosphorus utilization in laying hens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 576 laying hens, aged 47 weeks, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: (T1) a control diet, (T2) a negative control diet with reduced energy and phosphorus, (T3) T2 supplemented with phytase (50 g/ton) and xylanase (100 g/ton), and (T4) T2 supplemented with phytase and NSP enzyme mix. The study was conducted over 12 weeks. Data on body weight, laying performance, egg quality, AME, and phosphorus utilization were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in hen-day egg production, egg weight, or feed intake across groups. However, enzyme supplementation (T3 and T4) significantly reduced feed costs per kg egg and feed cost per egg compared to the control (p < 0.05). Eggshell strength improved significantly in T3 and T4 groups, while yolk color declined in these groups compared to T1 (p < 0.05). Other quality metrics, such as albumin height and Haugh units, showed no significant differences. Apparent metabolizable energy, phosphorus retention time, and feces scores were not significantly affected by dietary treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phytase and xylanase supplementation in diets with reduced nutrient content effectively reduced production costs while maintaining laying performance and improving eggshell strength. These findings support the use of these enzymes as cost-efficient tools in poultry production without compromising egg quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>-causing mastitis in Thailand and Cambodia.","authors":"Sambo Na, Montira Intanon, Anyaphat Srithanasuwan, Wasana Chaisri, Witaya Suriyasathaporn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.202-209","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.202-209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, is a critical economic issue in the dairy industry. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to mastitis-causing pathogens poses a significant threat to dairy operations in Thailand and Cambodia. This study investigates the AMR of mastitis pathogens in Thailand and Cambodia. It focuses on detecting methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (VRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by identifying the presence of <i>mecA</i>, <i>vanA</i>, and <i>vanB</i> genes in bacterial isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 65 bacterial isolates (55 <i>S. aureus</i> from Thailand and 10 <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> from Thailand and Cambodia) were analyzed. Disk diffusion tests were conducted for antibiotic susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect AMR genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>S. aureus</i> isolates showed resistance to penicillin (21.8%), tetracycline (9.1%), and gentamycin (7.3%). Three isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), resistant to tetracycline, gentamycin, and penicillin. <i>E. faecium</i> isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (100%) and penicillin (90%), with 60% classified as MDR. Phenotypic analysis identified VRSA in 11% of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. However, <i>mecA</i>, <i>vanA</i>, and <i>vanB</i> genes were not detected in any isolate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mastitis pathogens in this study pose significant AMR challenges, especially with MDR <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. faecium</i>, and phenotypically VRSA without the <i>vanA</i> gene. The findings highlight the need for judicious antibiotic use in dairy farms and further studies with broader sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 1","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}