Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Viability of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> in traditional sour pork fermentation and its inactivation by microwave heating: Implications for zoonotic risk and food safety.","authors":"Atchara Artchayasawat, Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj, Sukhonthip Khueangchiangkhwang, Thidarut Boonmars, Parichart Boueroy, Porntip Laummaunwai, Panaratana Rattanasuwan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1660-1666","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1660-1666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cultural dietary practices involving the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, such as traditional sour fermented pork, pose significant risks for foodborne parasitic infections, particularly trichinellosis caused by <i>Trichinella spiralis</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae during sour pork fermentation and to assess the efficacy of microwave heating as a practical method for inactivating the larvae.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Laboratory-bred hamsters were experimentally infected with <i>T. spiralis</i> to obtain encysted muscle larvae. Infected muscle samples were incorporated into a traditional sour pork recipe and fermented at ambient temperature (28-30°C) for 5 days. Larval viability was assessed daily using propidium iodide staining and confocal microscopy. In a separate experiment, pork slices embedded with infected muscle were subjected to microwave heating at 400 W (1-4 min) and 800 W (0.5-4.5 min). Post-treatment viability was determined similarly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Encysted larvae remained viable throughout the 5-day fermentation period, with no uptake of propidium iodide observed in any samples. In contrast, microwave heating at 400 W for 3 min or at 800 W for 1 min or longer resulted in complete larval inactivation, as evidenced by positive staining. Non-heated controls retained viable larvae, while boiling served as an effective positive control for inactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traditional sour pork fermentation does not inactivate <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae within 5 days, underscoring a persistent zoonotic risk. However, microwave heating offers a rapid and accessible intervention for larval inactivation. These findings underscore the significance of public health education and food safety protocols in regions where the consumption of raw meat is culturally prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1660-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatic development of a multiepitope messenger RNA vaccine targeting lipoate protein ligase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase proteins of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> in cattle.","authors":"Dhafer Rasheed Al-Fetly, Dhama Alsallami, Amjed Alsultan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1675-1684","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1675-1684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is a significant pathogen in cattle, causing respiratory, reproductive, and mammary diseases, leading to substantial economic losses. Conventional control measures remain ineffective due to antimicrobial resistance and the absence of an approved vaccine. This study aimed to develop a multiepitope messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine against <i>M. bovis</i> using immunoinformatic and molecular modeling approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two conserved surface-exposed proteins - lipoate protein ligase (LplA) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (PdhD) - were selected as vaccine targets. T- and B-cell epitopes were predicted using Immune Epitope Database and evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and conservancy. Selected epitopes were linked using specific amino acid linkers and combined with a resuscitation-promoting factor E (RpfE) adjuvant and untranslated regions (hemoglobin subunit beta and rabbit beta-globin) to improve translation and stability. The vaccine construct was modeled and validated through physicochemical profiling, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, molecular-docking with bovine toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), and codon optimization. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the vaccine-receptor complex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modeled vaccine construct contained five cytotoxic T lymphocyte, six helper T lymphocyte, and five B-cell epitopes. The construct was predicted to be highly antigenic (score: 0.835), non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Structural validation showed 93.5% of residues in favored regions of the Ramachandran plot and a Z-score of -10.6. Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinity to bovine TLR4, supported by robust molecular dynamics simulation outcomes, including high stability, low eigenvalues, and favorable covariance patterns. Codon optimization yielded a guanine-cytosine content of 59.8% and a codon adaptation index of 0.87, indicating efficient expression in cattle. The predicted mRNA structure exhibited good thermodynamic stability (minimum free energy: -321.42 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a computationally designed mRNA vaccine candidate against <i>M. bovis</i> based on LplA and PdhD epitopes. The construct demonstrated promising immunogenicity, structural integrity, and receptor-binding properties, representing a viable vaccine strategy. Nonetheless, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> validation is essential to confirm the construct's efficacy and safety in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1675-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in South Africa.","authors":"Themba Titus Sigudu, James W Oguttu, Daniel N Qekwana","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1421-1432","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1421-1432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The rising burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary medicine poses significant threats to animal and public health. In South Africa, inadequate surveillance exacerbates the challenge, particularly regarding <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. infections in companion animals. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and predictors of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) in <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolated from dogs between 2012 and 2017.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1627 <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates. Data regarding animal demographics and antimicrobial susceptibility were extracted, cleaned, and analyzed. Intermediate susceptibility results were classified as resistant. AMR was defined as resistance to at least one antimicrobial from one class and MDR as resistance to antimicrobials from three or more classes. Descriptive statistics, Cochran-Armitage trend analysis, and binary logistic regression models were employed to assess trends and predictors of AMR and MDR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 61.2% of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 39.0% were classified as MDR. The highest resistance was observed against penicillins (39.64%), followed by aminoglycosides (22.31%). Significant predictors of AMR included <i>Staphylococcus</i> species, specimen type, and year of isolation, while MDR was significantly associated with specimen type and the age of the dog. Notably, <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> showed a markedly higher likelihood of resistance (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.23, p < 0.001) compared to other species. Temporal trends indicated a decrease in AMR but an increase in MDR across the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of AMR and MDR among canine <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates, particularly in skin infections and among younger dogs, underscores the urgent need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship, enhance surveillance systems, and target interventions in veterinary practice. These findings serve as critical baseline data for future assessments of AMR trends and can be used to inform strategies to mitigate the dissemination of resistant pathogens between animals and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1421-1432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-circulation and genetic characterization of genotype I and II feline bocavirus strains in domestic cats from Northern Vietnam.","authors":"Hieu Van Dong, Giang Thi Huong Tran, Yen Hoang Thi Nguyen, Thiet Chi Ngo, Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn, Chaiwat Boonkaewwan, Dao Anh Tran Bui, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1590-1598","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1590-1598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Feline bocavirus (FBoV), a member of the <i>Parvoviridae</i> family, has been implicated in gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions in domestic cats. Despite increasing global recognition, the molecular epidemiology of FBoV in Vietnamese animal populations remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to detect and genetically characterize FBoV strains circulating among domestic cats in Northern Vietnam to better understand their genotypic diversity and potential clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 166 fecal samples were collected from domestic cats of varying age, sex, and clinical status across four provinces in Northern Vietnam between 2022 and 2023. DNA was extracted and screened for FBoV using conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting the non-structural (NS)-1 gene. Positive samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing, and partial NS1 sequences were analyzed using MEGA X for phylogenetic inference. Recombination analysis was performed using RDP 4.0, and statistical significance was assessed using Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FBoV DNA was detected in 4 of 166 samples (2.41%), including one from a diarrheic cat and three from healthy cats. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial NS1 gene revealed that three strains belonged to genotype I and one to genotype II, all showing close genetic similarity to Chinese strains. Nucleotide identities among Vietnamese strains ranged from 64.68% to 99.57%. No recombination events were observed among the detected strains. FBoV was detected across age groups and both sexes, without significant associations. Co-infections with other enteric viruses (feline coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline astrovirus, and feline kobuvirus) were not observed in the FBoV-positive samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of co-circulating FBoV genotypes I and II in domestic cats in Vietnam, indicating viral genetic diversity and suggesting possible regional transmission routes linked to neighboring countries. While FBoV was present in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cats, its clinical significance remains inconclusive. The findings underscore the need for expanded surveillance, complete genome analyses, and investigation into FBoV's pathogenic potential and co-infection dynamics in the feline population. These data will be instrumental in shaping future diagnostic and control strategies for feline viral enteritis in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1590-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum alpha-1B glycoprotein and C-reactive protein levels as biomarkers of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia.","authors":"Grisnarong Wongbandue, Sekkarin Ploypetch, Piyada Pruksakitcharoen, Kittithee Udomrit, Kanisa Nujan, Rinrada Seekhumtae, Tanapron Thubthim, Nawarus Prapaiwan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1540-1548","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1540-1548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disorder in aging male dogs, characterized by prostate enlargement secondary to hormonal dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Identifying non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for improving diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to evaluate serum alpha-1B glycoprotein (A1BG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in dogs with BPH before and after castration, to assess their diagnostic and prognostic utility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 male dogs were assigned to two groups: healthy controls (n = 10) and BPH-affected dogs (n = 10). Blood samples were collected from controls and the BPH group at diagnosis and 1 month post-castration. Serum A1BG and CRP concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence immunoassay, respectively. Prostatic volume (PV) was evaluated ultrasonographically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dogs with BPH demonstrated significantly lower serum A1BG concentrations before castration compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01) and post-castration (p < 0.01). Post-castration A1BG levels were comparable to controls, suggesting biochemical normalization. Serum CRP concentrations remained within the normal range (<30 mg/L) across all groups and showed no significant differences. A significant negative correlation was observed between age and A1BG concentration in the pre-castration BPH group (r = -0.74, p = 0.02). Castration resulted in a marked reduction in PV, consistent with therapeutic response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum A1BG demonstrated potential as a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of canine BPH, in contrast to CRP, which exhibited limited diagnostic value. Normalization of A1BG levels post-castration supports its role in reflecting disease resolution. Integrating A1BG assessment into veterinary diagnostic workflows could enhance early detection, monitoring, and management strategies for BPH, offering a non-invasive and clinically informative approach. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings and explore long-term biomarker dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1540-1548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled freezing inactivates <i>Trichinella britovi</i> in wild boar meat: Insights from a murine infection model and multiplex polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"Olimpia C Iacob, Aurelian-Sorin Paşca, Laura Andreea Olariu, Larisa Maria Ivănescu, Mihai Mareş","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1667-1674","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1667-1674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Trichinellosis remains a public health concern globally due to the zoonotic potential of consuming undercooked meat infected with <i>Trichinella</i> spp. larvae. <i>Trichinella britovi</i>, known for its moderate freeze tolerance, presents a food safety challenge, particularly in game meat such as wild boar. This study aimed to evaluate the infectivity of <i>T. britovi</i> larvae in wild boar meat subjected to prolonged freezing under controlled conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Muscle samples (50 g each) from a wild boar naturally infected with <i>T. britovi</i> were frozen for 56 days at four temperatures: -18°C, -20°C, -29°C, and -40°C. Post-thaw, larval viability was assessed through artificial digestion, and infectivity was tested in a murine model using BALB/c mice. Each experimental group (n = 5 mice) received 120 larvae through gavage over 2 days. After 56 days, mice were euthanized, and muscle tissues were examined histologically. Molecular confirmation was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction on formalin-fixed tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite larval motility post-thaw, no viable <i>T. britovi</i> DNA was detected in the muscle tissues of infected mice. Histological examination showed structures resembling <i>Trichinella</i> cysts in all experimental groups, but these were not molecularly confirmed. The control group remained negative throughout.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Controlled freezing at temperatures as low as -18°C for 8 weeks rendered <i>T. britovi</i> larvae in wild boar meat non-infectious in a murine model. These findings suggest that freezing may be a viable strategy for reducing the risk of trichinellosis transmission through game meat. However, given species-specific variability and environmental influences, further studies across diverse conditions are warranted to refine food safety protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1667-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota modulation and immunity enhancement by <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> NL1.2: A fiber-degrading probiotic isolated from native Thai swine.","authors":"Kittiya Khongkool, Malai Taweechotipatr, Sunchai Payungporn, Vorthon Sawaswong, Monthon Lertworapreecha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1487-1507","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1487-1507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The pursuit of sustainable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters has intensified interest in spore-forming probiotics with fiber-degrading capabilities. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the safety and functional properties of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. from native Thai swine, focusing on strains with probiotic potential and enzymatic activity for application in livestock nutrition.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Spore-forming <i>Bacillus</i> isolates were obtained from fecal samples of backyard-raised native pigs. Isolates were screened for acid and bile tolerance, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial activity, and co-aggregation with pathogens. Enzyme production (cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase), hemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility were also assessed. The most promising strain, <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> NL1.2, was subjected to <i>in vivo</i> safety and efficacy evaluations in a mouse model, including assessments of toxicity, histopathology, secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and gut microbiome modulation through full-length 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> NL1.2 exhibited robust probiotic traits including high acid (115.05%) and bile (75.16%) tolerance, strong autoaggregation (65.99%), moderate hydrophobicity (34.13%), and effective adhesion (2.0%) to intestinal epithelial cells. It produced fiber-degrading enzymes (cellulase: 0.015 U/mL; xylanase: 0.522 U/mL; and pectinase: 0.374 U/mL) showed antimicrobial activity against <i>Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enteropathogenic E. coli</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, and was non-hemolytic and antibiotic-sensitive. <i>In vivo</i>, NL1.2 induced no adverse effects and significantly elevated intestinal secretory IgA levels (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed enrichment of beneficial taxa (e.g., <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Barnesiella</i>) and reduction of potentially pathogenic taxa (e.g., <i>Helicobacter</i> and <i>Deferribacteres</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> NL1.2 is a safe, multifunctional probiotic with fiber-degrading, immunomodulatory, and gut microbiota-modulating properties. Its origin from native swine and broad functional attributes highlights its potential as a next-generation feed additive for sustainable animal production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1487-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis mitigates histopathological alterations in the pituitary gland and reproductive system of female albino rats subjected to cadmium toxicity.","authors":"Abdulla A Albishtue, Aqeel Mohsin Al-Mahmmodi, Hasan A Almamoori, Mustafa Ali Alahmer","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1466-1478","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1466-1478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental toxin that disrupts endocrine function and induces oxidative damage in reproductive organs. Propolis (PRO), a resinous substance produced by bees, has garnered attention for its antioxidant and estrogenic properties. This study investigated the protective potential of PRO on the pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis in female rats subjected to Cd-induced toxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty adult female albino rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6/group): Control (C), Cd-only (T0), and Cd plus PRO at 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) (T1-T3, respectively). Cadmium chloride was administered orally at 5 mg/kg for 4 weeks. PRO was co-administered daily through gavage. At the proestrus stage, animals were euthanized for tissue collection. Vaginal cytology was used to confirm estrous stage. Histopathological examination of the ovary, uterus, and pituitary gland was performed using H&E staining. Serum estradiol (E2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed to evaluate hormonal and oxidative responses. Morphometric measurements were statistically analyzed through one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cd exposure (T0) led to prolonged estrous cycles, ovarian atresia, uterine degeneration, and significant disruption of pituitary architecture, accompanied by reduced E2 and SOD levels (p < 0.05). PRO administration dose-dependently ameliorated these alterations. The highest PRO dose (T3) restored the histological architecture of all target organs to near-normal levels, significantly increased ovarian and uterine weight ratios, and elevated both E2 and SOD activity. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed increased follicle survival, thickened ovarian surface epithelium, and elevated interstitial cell counts. Pituitary endocrine cell counts and uterine gland numbers were also significantly higher in PRO-treated groups, particularly T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRO supplementation at 500 mg/kg BW significantly attenuates Cd-induced reproductive and endocrine toxicity in female rats by restoring histological integrity and enhancing antioxidant and estrogenic responses. These findings suggest PRO as a promising candidate for mitigating heavy metal-induced reproductive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1466-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> at the human-macaque-environment interface in Thailand: A One Health surveillance study.","authors":"Suchawan Pornsukarom, Daraka Tongthainan, Phairot Phromwat, Suwarak Wannaratana, Kulchai Nakbubpa, Sarut Muangsri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1549-1560","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1549-1560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The close interaction between humans and free-ranging macaques in urbanized environments raises concerns about the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic pathogens. This study applied a One Health approach to estimate the prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genetic diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in long-tailed macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) and environmental sources in Chonburi, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 313 samples - including 224 rectal swabs from macaques and 89 environmental samples (pooled macaque feces, stray dog feces, soil, feed, and drain water) - were collected from Si Racha and Sattahip districts between April and July 2023. <i>Salmonella</i> isolation was conducted using conventional culture methods, followed by confirmation through serotyping and polymerase chain reaction targeting the <i>inv</i>A gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 14 agents using broth microdilution. Multi-locus sequence typing and <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing were conducted to assess phylogenetic diversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> was 2.88%, with all positive samples detected in the Si Racha district. Environmental samples had a significantly higher prevalence (8.89%) than macaque rectal swabs (0.45%; odds ratio = 22; 95% confidence interval: 2.71-178.84; p = 0.0002). Six distinct serovars were identified, with <i>Salmonella</i> Corvallis predominating in macaque feces. Among the nine isolates, 77.78% exhibited resistance, primarily to tetracycline and ampicillin. Notably, 85.71% of AMR strains from environmental samples were multidrug-resistant (MDR), showing resistance to ≥6 antimicrobials. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic heterogeneity, with no clear clustering by source or serovar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the circulation of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> within macaques and their surrounding environments, implicating environmental reservoirs in potential zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission. The findings advocate for public awareness initiatives, environmental hygiene improvements, and integrative One Health strategies to mitigate AMR dissemination at the human-animal-ecosystem interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1549-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and anticoccidial drug sensitivity of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> isolated from commercial broiler farms in Thailand.","authors":"Suttitas Tongkamsai, Siraprapa Boobphahom, Rachan Apphaicha, Niwat Chansiripornchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1561-1570","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1561-1570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Coccidiosis, a parasitic disease caused by Eimeria species, remains a critical challenge for poultry production worldwide. <i>Eimeria tenella</i> is one of the most pathogenic species, causing intestinal lesions and compromising growth in chickens. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>Eimeria</i> species and evaluate the anticoccidial drug sensitivity of <i>E. tenella</i> field isolates in commercial broiler farms across Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four fecal samples were collected from each of the ten broiler farms in seven provinces of eastern and central Thailand. Oocysts were identified through morphological examination and confirmed through species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction. <i>E. tenella</i> isolates were propagated and subjected to <i>in vivo</i> anticoccidial sensitivity testing (AST) against four drugs: Nicarbazin (NIC), salinomycin (SAL), monensin (MON), and a combination of MON and NIC. Experimental infection trials were conducted on Ross 308 broiler chicks to assess weight gain, fecal oocyst shedding, lesion scores, and anticoccidial index (ACI) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>E. tenella</i> and <i>Eimeria praecox</i> were the most prevalent species (40%), followed by <i>Eimeria acervulina</i>, <i>Eimeria brunetti</i>, and <i>Eimeria mitis</i> (20%). Mixed-species infections were detected in 50% of samples. The AST results showed that field isolates were sensitive to NIC, MON, and the MON + NIC combination, with ACI values of 172.51, 175.49, and 174.21, respectively. In contrast, SAL showed an ACI of 158.81, indicating resistance. All treated groups demonstrated reduced oocyst shedding and improved weight gain compared to untreated infected controls, though lesion score differences among treatments were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study constitutes the first comprehensive report on anticoccidial drug resistance in <i>E. tenella</i> from broiler farms in Thailand. The findings indicate high efficacy of NIC, MON, and their combination, while revealing emerging resistance to SAL. These results provide crucial insights for revising coccidiosis control strategies and support the need for ongoing monitoring and development of alternative therapeutics to mitigate resistance evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1561-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}