Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"β-Aminopropioamidoximes derivatives as potential antitubercular agents against anthropozoonotic infections caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>.","authors":"Lyudmila Kayukova, Venera Bismilda, Kairat Turgenbayev, Assem Uzakova, Gulnur Baitursynova, Umirzak Jussipbekov, Meruyert Mukanova, Lyailya Chingissova, Gulnur Dyussembayeva, Assiya Borsynbayeva, Azamat Yerlanuly, Ablay Auyezov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.731-745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.731-745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with increasing incidences of drug-sensitive (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. In addition, <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>-induced zoonotic TB (zTB) presents treatment difficulties due to its resistance to pyrazinamide and the prolonged treatment duration required. This study aims to evaluate the antitubercular potential of β-aminopropioamidoxime derivatives against DS and MDR <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and <i>M. bovis</i> strains, and utilizing the SwissADME prognostic tool to predict the drug- and lead-likeness of the described compounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six β-aminopropioamidoxime derivatives were synthesized through O-aroylation of amidoxime followed by dehydration to form 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The compounds were tested <i>in vitro</i> against DS, MDR <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, and <i>M. bovis</i> using Sotton's liquid medium and subcultured on dense Lowenstein-Jensen medium. SwissADME was used to predict drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The derivatives exhibited significant antitubercular activity, with <i>in vitro</i> efficacy 5-100 times greater than rifampicin. 1,2,4-oxadiazoles with <i>para</i>-bromo and <i>meta</i>-chloro substituents demonstrated the highest activity against DS and MDR <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, while O-<i>para-</i>toluoyl-β-(morpholin-1-yl)propioamidoxime salts (hydrochloride, oxalate and citrate) were 10 times more active against <i>M. bovis</i>. SwissADME analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high gastrointestinal absorption and drug-likeness, with lead-likeness identified in four compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study presents β-aminopropioamidoxime derivatives as promising candidates for antitubercular therapy against both human and zTB. Their enhanced activity, oral bioavailability, and potential integration into new treatment regimens underscore their therapeutic relevance. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies are recommended to validate their efficacy and safety for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"731-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high dietary threonine supplementation on growth performance, health biomarkers, and intestinal histology in cyclic heat-stressed broilers.","authors":"Abia Khalid, Sania Bashir, Asma Kalsoom, Hafiz Faseeh Ur Rehman, Muhammad Afzal Rashid, Mansur Abdullah Sandhu, Habib Ur Rehman, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.646-657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.646-657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts poultry production by reducing growth performance and compromising physiological health. Nutritional strategies, particularly amino acid supplementation, are explored to mitigate these adverse effects. This study evaluates the impact of high dietary threonine supplementation on growth performance, health biomarkers, oxidative status, meat quality, and intestinal histology in cyclic HS broilers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 288 1-day-old Hubbard broilers were randomly allocated to six treatment groups: Thermoneutral, HS control, and HS supplemented with 125% (HS-125), 150% (HS-150), 175% (HS-175), and 200% (HS-200) of NRC-recommended threonine. Birds in the HS groups were exposed to cyclic HS (35°C, 75% relative humidity) from day 22 to day 42. Growth performance was recorded weekly, while physiological parameters, oxidative stress markers, and jejunal histology were analyzed post-exsanguination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS significantly reduced body weight gain and feed intake, while threonine supplementation did not improve these parameters. However, liver weight, serum albumin, and cholesterol levels improved at higher threonine doses (175%-200%). Threonine also reduced serum corticosterone and malondialdehyde levels, suggesting enhanced stress resilience. Superoxide dismutase activity, an indicator of oxidative defense, improved in threonine-supplemented groups. In jejunal histology, acidic goblet cells increased, and intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration decreased in birds supplemented with 175%-200% threonine, indicating enhanced gut integrity. Meat quality attributes, including crude protein and oxidative stability, showed minor but inconsistent variations across treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although high dietary threonine supplementation (175%-200%) improved stress resilience by enhancing oxidative status, intestinal health, and selected physiological biomarkers in HS broilers, however, it failed to enhance growth performance. These findings suggest that while threonine supports physiological adaptations under HS, its use as a growth promoter under HS conditions may not be economically viable. Further studies are warranted to optimize amino acid balance in HS broilers for improved productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"646-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> study of the potential of curcumin and its derivatives for increasing wild-type p53 expression and improving the function of p53 mutant R273H.","authors":"Sarah Ika Nainggolan, Rajuddin Rajuddin, Reno Keumalazia Kamarlis, Muhammad Hambal, Frengki Frengki","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.715-730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.715-730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>p53 is a critical tumor suppressor protein responsible for regulating the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Mutations in the <i>p53</i> gene, particularly in the DNA-binding domain, are frequently associated with various cancers due to the loss of transcriptional activity. Curcumin and its derivatives have demonstrated potential as p53 enhancers and reactivators of mutant p53. This study employs <i>in silico</i> methods to evaluate the potential of curcumin derivatives to enhance wild-type p53 expression and restore the function of the p53 mutant R273H.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Curcumin and 20 derivatives were selected from PubChem for computational analysis. Their potential as p53 enhancers was assessed using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis. Molecular docking was conducted to determine their binding affinities with wild-type and mutant p53 proteins, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate ligand-receptor stability. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity assessments were performed using predictive computational models to evaluate their drug-like properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QSAR analysis identified hexahydrocurcumin (probable activity [Pa]: 0.837) and tetrahydrocurcumin (Pa: 0.752) as the most potent p53 enhancers. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities for curcumin derivatives at key p53 binding residues, particularly through hydrogen bonds with His 273 of the R273H mutant. MD simulations demonstrated that curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and monodemethylcurcumin stabilized p53 mutant R273H, closely mimicking the structural stability of wild-type p53. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles for most derivatives, with low toxicity predicted for the majority.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Curcumin and its derivatives exhibit dual functions as p53 enhancers and reactivators of the p53 mutant R273H. Hexahydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin emerged as promising compounds with strong bioactivity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, suggesting their potential as anticancer agents. Further <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"715-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of DL-Methionine and L-Methionine levels in liver metabolism activity in commercial broilers fed a diet without antibiotic growth promoters.","authors":"Andriyanto Andriyanto, Tiok Bagus Taufani Sanoesi, Aditya Ananda Putra, Mawar Subangkit, Amaq Fadholly, Hamdika Yendri Putra, Dordia Anindita Rotinsulu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.598-605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.598-605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Methionine is an essential amino acid in broiler nutrition, playing a crucial role in growth performance and liver metabolism. As an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), this study aimed to evaluate the effects of DL-Methionine and L-Methionine supplementation on liver metabolism, antioxidant activity, and growth performance in broilers raised without AGPs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 440 one-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were assigned to 11 groups: A control group and 10 treatment groups receiving graded levels (70%, 85%, 100%, 115%, and 130%) of either DL-Methionine or L-Methionine. The study assessed body weight, liver mass index, D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) activity, serum glutathione concentration, and liver histopathology across three growth stages: Starter (day 11), grower (day 25), and finisher (day 35).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>L-Methionine supplementation resulted in greater body weight gain compared to DL-Methionine, particularly in the finisher stage. DL-Methionine demonstrated a stronger influence on liver metabolism by increasing DAAO activity and reducing oxidative stress, as indicated by lower serum glutathione levels. No significant histopathological alterations were observed among the groups, confirming the safety of both methionine sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While L-Methionine improved growth performance, DL-Methionine effectively enhanced liver metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that DL-Methionine may support liver function, whereas L-Methionine is more effective for weight gain in broilers raised without AGPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"598-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of insecticide resistance in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) and implications for dengue control in Indonesia.","authors":"Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Ririh Yudhastuti, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Muhammad Choirul Hidajat, Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah, Babucarr Jassey, Ghina Maulida Rahmah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.658-672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.658-672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Dengue fever, primarily transmitted by <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, remains a critical public health challenge in Indonesia, with periodic outbreaks exacerbated by widespread insecticide resistance. Resistance to organophosphates and pyrethroids limits vector control efforts, necessitating updated insights into resistance patterns and their genetic underpinnings. This study aimed to evaluate and map insecticide resistance and associated genetic mutations in <i>Ae. aegypti</i> across Indonesia, providing actionable insights for vector management strategies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This systematic review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, encompassing studies from 2010 to 2023 identified through PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Embase. Keywords targeted <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, insecticide classes, resistance, and Indonesian regions. Inclusion criteria focused on field-derived populations subjected to World Health Organization bioassays for organophosphates (malathion and temefos) and pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etc.), alongside analyses of knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (<i>Vgsc</i>) and acetylcholinesterase-1 (<i>Ace-1</i>) genes. Data synthesis included resistance trends, spatial mapping, and allele frequency analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resistance to malathion and temefos is extensive, with sporadic susceptibility in specific districts. Pyrethroid resistance is pervasive, particularly for cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, with deltamethrin exhibiting isolated susceptibility. Genetic analyses reveal <i>Vgsc</i> mutations (V1016G, F1534C) as key drivers of pyrethroid resistance, while <i>Ace-1</i> mutations remain unreported. The evolution of resistance correlates with indiscriminate insecticide usage, urbanization, and climatic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The growing prevalence of insecticide resistance in <i>Ae. aegypti</i> underscores the urgent need for integrated vector management strategies. These should incorporate insecticide rotation, resistance monitoring, and community engagement to mitigate resistance and support sustainable dengue control efforts in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"658-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing genetic management in captive Asian elephants: Evaluation of mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for improved breeding and conservation in the Elephant Kingdom, Thailand.","authors":"Chavin Chaisongkram, Nuttapon Bangkaew, Bunnada Siriporn, Krittika Por-Armart, Premika Charoenchai, Nunnapat Mahaveero, Tarid Purisotayo","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.565-572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.565-572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Maintaining genetic diversity and preventing inbreeding depression in captive Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) are crucial challenges that require effective breeding management and conservation strategies. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity and evaluate the effectiveness of currently available molecular markers as breeding management tools in captive Asian elephant populations at the Elephant Kingdom (EK) in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were collected from identification certificates of elephants at the EK, including age, sex, parentage, and genotypes of 16 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs). An observation-based pedigree was constructed to estimate pedigree-based kinship coefficients, which were compared to molecular-based kinship coefficients. Population and genetic diversity indices were analyzed. Pedigree-based and molecular-based kinship coefficients were compared to evaluate marker efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The population had a balanced sex ratio of 0.97:1 (male: female). Based on the 16 mtSNPs, the mean observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.4451 and 0.5278, respectively, indicating a heterozygous deficit. The pedigree-based and molecular-based kinship coefficients differed significantly and negatively correlated (<i>r</i> = -0.28, p < 0.05). The molecular-based method estimated higher kinship coefficients than the pedigree-based method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluation of mtSNP markers highlights their utility in assessing genetic diversity and kinship in captive Asian elephant populations in EK, Thailand. However, the observed discrepancies between pedigree-based and molecular-based kinship estimates underscore the limitations of the current mtSNP panel. The findings emphasize the need for integrating nuclear SNPs to enhance the precision of genetic management strategies, enabling better-informed decisions to preserve genetic diversity and mitigate inbreeding risks in conservation breeding programs, not only for the EK but also as a framework that can be adapted for broader conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"565-572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with grape seed extract and blue laser activation for <i>in vivo</i> anti-<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> activity in mice.","authors":"Ahmad Khalil Yaqubi, Suryani Dyah Astuti, Andi Hamim Zaidan, Karwan Wasman Qadir, Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak, Perwira Annissa Dyah Permatasari, Dezy Zahrotul Istiqomah Nurdin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.547-557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.547-557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Wound healing is a complex biological process often hindered by bacterial infections, particularly <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). Conventional antibiotic treatments face challenges due to antimicrobial resistance, necessitating alternative approaches. This study evaluates the efficacy of blue laser-activated silver nanoparticles synthesized from grape seed extract (GSE-AgNPs) in promoting wound healing and reducing bacterial load in Wistar mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>GSE-AgNPs were synthesized and characterized before application. Wistar mice were divided into three experimental groups: (1) blue laser therapy alone, (2) GSE-AgNPs alone, and (3) combined treatment. A 2.5 cm incision was created on the dorsal side of each mouse, and treatments were administered on days 1, 3, and 5 post-incision. Wound healing progression was assessed through histopathology, bacterial colony counts, and immune response markers (lymphocyte and monocyte levels). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with individual treatments, the combination of GSE-AgNPs and blue laser therapy significantly improved wound healing outcomes. The combined therapy led to a 60% reduction in wound size and an 88.73% decrease in <i>S. aureus</i> bacterial load. Immune response markers showed enhanced activity, with lymphocyte levels increasing by 75% and monocyte levels rising by 50%, indicating a stronger immune response. Histopathological analysis confirmed accelerated re-epithelialization and increased fibroblast activity in the combination therapy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that blue laser-activated GSE-AgNPs provide a promising alternative for enhancing wound healing and bacterial infection control, particularly against MRSA. The synergistic effect of nanoparticles and laser activation promotes immune modulation and tissue regeneration. Future research should explore clinical applications and dosage optimization for human use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"547-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of the effects of commercial additive (plant extracts) as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler chickens.","authors":"María Julieta Luna, Maite Corti Isgro, Lorenzo Alejandro Rosales Cavaglieri, María Valeria Coniglio, María Eugenia Ortiz, Lilia René Cavaglieri, Julián Parada, Alejandra Paola Magnoli","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.636-645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.636-645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the exploration of alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics (GPAs) in poultry production. This study evaluated a commercial additive containing plant extracts (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) as a potential replacement for GPAs in broiler chickens, focusing on productive parameters, cecal microbiota composition, cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and small intestinal histomorphology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 100 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens, divided into two treatment groups: Group 1 (control) received a basal diet (BD) with avilamycin (100 g/T), and Group 2 received a BD with a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing 10% carvacrol and 10% cinnamaldehyde (100 g/Tn). Over 42 days, the study measured total weight gain (TWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, digestive tract length, intestinal histomorphometry, VFA concentration, and cecal microbiota composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PFA-treated group showed a 1.67% improvement in TWG and a 5.7% improvement in FCR compared to the control. The digestive tract length increased by 20 cm with PFA supplementation. While no significant differences were observed in cecal microbiota counts and VFA concentrations, a trend toward increased lactic acid bacteria and VFA levels was noted. Histomorphological analysis indicated enhanced villus height and a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the PFA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde-based PFAs may serve as viable alternatives to GPAs, promoting growth performance and gut health in broiler chickens. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and confirm these preliminary results in larger-scale studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"636-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of <i>Coprinus comatus</i> nanogels: Antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis models.","authors":"Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas, Fajar Husen","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.582-597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.582-597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation and systemic immune dysregulation. The current pharmacological treatments, primarily synthetic drugs, often present adverse effects and long-term toxicity. This study explores the therapeutic potential of <i>Coprinus comatus</i> nanogels as a novel herbal formulation with antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory properties in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced rat model of RA. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of <i>C. comatus</i> nanogels in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, antibody production, paw edema, and arthritis indices and to assess their potential as a safer alternative to conventional RA therapies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: Healthy control, negative control (CFA-induced without treatment), positive control (sodium diclofenac 0.012 g/mL), and three treatment groups (TG1, TG2, and TG3) receiving 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg <i>C. comatus</i> nanogels, respectively. Oral treatments were administered for 30 days. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β), antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]G, IgE), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity, paw edema, and arthritis indices were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 750 mg/kg dose of <i>C. comatus</i> nanogels significantly reduced TNF-α (17.71%), IL-1β (19.83%), and IgE (23.91%) levels. The 250 mg/kg dose exhibited the highest reductions in IL-6 (30.88%) and COX-2 (16.54%) levels. TGs demonstrated a 27.75% reduction in paw edema and a 45.45% reduction in arthritis indices. Key bioactive compounds contributing to these effects included flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and β-glucans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>C. comatus</i> nanogels demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties, suggesting their potential as an alternative herbal treatment for RA. Further studies are recommended to explore the long-term safety and clinical applicability of <i>C. comatus</i> nanogels in human RA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"582-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural practices, healthcare-seeking behaviors, and wildlife interface: Zoonotic disease risks among the Phu Thai Ethnic Group in Thailand.","authors":"Nisachon Bubpa, Kanokwan Suwannarong, Kannika Thammasutti, Thanomsin Ponlap, Worakamon Thongkan, Paisit Boonyakawee, Phitsanuruk Kanthawee, Kangsadal Suwannarong, Withaya Chanchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.624-635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.624-635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Emerging infectious diseases, with 75% originating from zoonotic sources, highlight the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscored the importance of the One Health (OH) approach, especially in rural and ethnic communities where cultural practices and wildlife interactions may amplify zoonotic disease risks. This study determined the healthcare-seeking behaviors and wildlife interface of the Phu Thai ethnic group in Mukdahan Province, Thailand, to understand their cultural practices, zoonotic disease risks, and pandemic-related adaptations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From June to July 2023, a qualitative study was conducted in three villages of Nong Sung District, Mukdahan Province. Data collection included 3 focus group discussions (16 respondents), 6 in-depth interviews, and 5 key informant interviews, with a total of 27 respondents consisting of community members, leaders, and government officials. Thematic analysis was performed to explore cultural traditions, wildlife interactions, healthcare practices, and perceptions of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Phu Thai people maintain a deep connection to cultural traditions, including ancestral rituals and wildlife use for food and ceremonies. While traditional practices such as consuming raw wildlife persist, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced their attitudes, leading to increased caution and community-driven preventive measures. Limited knowledge about zoonotic diseases and unsafe practices, such as handling wildlife without protection, were identified as risk factors. Accessibility to healthcare services was moderate, with language barriers and resource constraints posing challenges. However, the community demonstrated resilience by adopting local initiatives such as mask-making and remote traditional healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the complex interplay between culture, healthcare access, and zoonotic risks in the Phu Thai community. Enhancing culturally sensitive health education, promoting safe wildlife interaction practices, and leveraging the OH framework can reduce zoonotic disease risks while respecting traditional practices. The findings suggest that key stakeholders, such as community members, leaders, traditional healers, public health officers, local authorities, and relevant stakeholders, should be informed to gather their feedback and support in improving policies and regulations related to wildlife contact and practices. These efforts are expected to contribute to sustainable health outcomes and align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (health and well-being) and SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production).</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 3","pages":"624-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}