Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and regional risk assessment of bluetongue virus among livestock in Central Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Roua A Alsubki","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2106-2112","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2106-2112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus of major economic importance, affects domestic and wild ruminants globally and is primarily transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. The virus is endemic in many regions, yet limited data are available for Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BTV antibodies in cattle, goats, sheep, and camels across two ecologically distinct regions in central Saudi Arabia and to assess species- and region-specific risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,194 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy livestock (280 cattle, 159 camels, 429 sheep, and 326 goats) in Riyadh and Al-Qassim between October 2023 and March 2024. Samples were tested for BTV antibodies using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare prevalence rates between species and regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall BTV seroprevalence was 44.6% (533/1,194). Goats had the highest prevalence (59.8%), followed by cattle (51%), sheep (36.3%), and camels (22.6%). In Riyadh, cattle (55.7%) and goats (55%) showed the highest rates, while in Al-Qassim, goats (65.7%) were most affected. Camels consistently showed the lowest seroprevalence (18.6%-25%). Statistically significant differences in seroprevalence were observed among species and between regions (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BTV is endemic in central Saudi Arabia, with substantial species and regional variability. Goats and cattle are at higher risk, indicating a need for species-targeted surveillance and vector control. The findings support the implementation of national bluetongue monitoring strategies and lay the groundwork for future molecular and longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"2106-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular phylogenetic and serological insights into <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection in aborted ewes in Iraq: A cross-border comparative analysis.","authors":"Luma F M Al-Ethafa, Ahmed Jassim Almialy, Hasanain A J Gharban, Isra'a M Essa, Sattar R S Al-Eqabi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1899-1910","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1899-1910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is a significant zoonotic pathogen linked to reproductive losses in livestock and serious health risks in humans. In Iraq, listeriosis remains underreported in sheep, with limited data on its molecular and epidemiological characteristics. This study aimed to (1) estimate the seroprevalence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in recently aborted ewes, (2) evaluate the association between seropositivity and clinical indicators, and (3) perform molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From November 2023 to August 2024, 168 aborted ewes in Wasit Province, Iraq, were sampled for vaginal swabs and blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for serological screening, while DNA extracted from swabs underwent PCR amplification targeting the <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene. PCR-positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed using MEGA-11 software. Clinical data were statistically correlated with seropositivity using odds ratios (OR) and relative risk (RR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ELISA revealed a seroprevalence of 23.21%, with the majority of infections classified as mild. PCR confirmed <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in 3.57% of swabs. Seropositivity significantly correlated with vaginal discharge (30.08%, p = 0.0121), retained placenta, and recent abortion history. Higher infection risk was observed in ewes with no or single previous abortions (OR = 2.464; RR = 2.207) and in flocks with ≤10% abortion rates (OR = 3.729; RR = 2.731). Phylogenetic analysis of six local isolates (GenBank IDs PQ865989.1-PQ865994.1) revealed 96.43%-97.62% sequence identity with an Iranian reference strain (MT071644.1), suggesting regional transmission links.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to molecularly characterize ovine <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in Iraq, revealing both the prevalence of subclinical infection and cross-border phylogenetic relationships. The integration of serological and molecular diagnostics highlighted underrecognized infections and provided novel insights into the epidemiology of strains. Findings emphasize the need for broader regional surveillance, improved diagnostic protocols, and biosecurity measures in ovine reproductive health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1899-1910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the nutritional profile of purple sweet potato flour through fermentation with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> InaCC B157: A functional food perspective.","authors":"Tiurma Pasaribu, Yati Sudaryati Soeka, Novik Nurhidayat, Suciatmih Suciatmih, Titin Yulinery, Evi Triana, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, Ninik Setyowati, Desty Dwi Sulistyowati, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1870-1880","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1870-1880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Purple sweet potatoes (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> var. Ayamurasaki) possess high nutritional potential due to their rich content of amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids. However, their nutritional profile can be further improved through fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> InaCC B157 to enhance the biochemical and functional composition of purple sweet potato flour.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six <i>L. plantarum</i> strains were screened for enzymatic activities. The strain with the highest amylolytic, proteolytic, and qualitative cellulolytic activity (InaCC B157) was selected for solid-state fermentation of purple sweet potato flour. Fermented <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> flour (FIB) and unfermented <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> flour (UIB) samples were analyzed for amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid content, along with vitamins A and C, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. Microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fermentation significantly increased the levels of essential amino acids - histidine, threonine, valine, methionine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine (excluding lysine) - and non-essential amino acids, including glutamine, serine, glycine, and tyrosine. Mineral concentrations of zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus improved by up to 17.65%, while copper decreased. Linoleic and linolenic acids increased by 55.5% and 100%, respectively. Protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamins A and C also increased, while ash, anthocyanins, phenols, and steroids showed a decline. Antioxidant activity increased by 13.7%. SEM analysis revealed no substantial morphological differences between FIB and UIB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fermentation of purple sweet potato flour with <i>L. plantarum</i> InaCC B157 significantly enhanced its nutritional value, particularly amino acid, mineral, and essential fatty acid profiles. These findings support the potential application of fermented purple sweet potato as a functional food and sustainable feed ingredient. Limitations include the lack of sensory evaluation and long-term stability data. Future studies should investigate sensory profiling, shelf-life extension, and optimization of fermentation parameters to further enhance the application of this functional ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1870-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of mycotoxin residues and activation of endogenous stem cells in broiler chickens using a toxin binder: Implications for meat safety and performance enhancement.","authors":"Erma Safitri, Hery Purnobasuki, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Suzanita Utama, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Mirni Lamid, Mutmainah Wardatul Jannah, Siti Darodjah, Goo Jang, Mitsuhiro Takagi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1850-1862","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1850-1862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed, particularly with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), poses significant threats to broiler health, meat quality, and consumer safety. Toxin binders are commonly used to mitigate these effects; however, their impact on endogenous stem cell activity and overall broiler performance remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial toxin binder in reducing AFB1 and OTA residues in broiler meat, inducing endogenous stem cell production, and improving growth and feed performance indices.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to four groups: Negative control (C-), positive control with mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+), treatment 1 (T1: 1.1 g/kg binder), and treatment 2 (T2: 1.6 g/kg binder). Broilers were fed for 35 days. AFB1 and OTA levels in pectoral muscles were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, while endogenous stem cell markers (CD34+, CD45+, CD105-) in spleen tissue were assessed through flow cytometry. Growth parameters, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and performance index were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFB1 and OTA residues were significantly reduced in T1 and T2 compared to C+ (p < 0.05), with T2 showing the lowest levels (0.0023 μg/mL and 0.073 μg/mL, respectively). Flow cytometry revealed that T2 significantly induced endogenous stem cells (35.62% ± 2.16) compared to all other groups. The highest average daily growth occurred in T1 (68.78 ± 4.78 g/day), while the best FCR (1.38 ± 0.079) and performance index (386.2 ± 14.34) were also recorded in T1. No mortality occurred in any group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administering a toxin binder at 1.6 g/kg effectively reduced AFB1 and OTA residues and significantly activated endogenous stem cells, suggesting a protective and regenerative effect. Meanwhile, a dose of 1.1 g/kg yielded optimal growth performance and feed efficiency. These findings support the dual functional role of toxin binders in enhancing broiler meat safety and physiological resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1850-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood vinegar as a natural alternative to antibiotics: Effects on cecal microbiota, antioxidant status, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.","authors":"Sola Samson Emmanuel, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Henny Akit, Muhamad Faris Ab Aziz, Eric Lim Teik Chung","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1911-192","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1911-192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antibiotic resistance has spurred interest in alternative feed additives for poultry. Wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of plant pyrolysis, contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of WV supplementation through drinking water on the cecal microbial population, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 432 1-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 72 per group; 6 replicates of 12 birds each). Treatments included a negative control (T₁), a positive control with 0.02% oxytetracycline (T₂), and WV-supplemented groups at dilution ratios of 1:100 (T₃), 1:200 (T₄), 1:500 (T₅), and 1:1000 (T₆) in drinking water. The experiment lasted 35 days. Plasma antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), VFA profiles, ileal digestibility (crude protein [CP], ash, ether extract [EE]), and cecal microbial populations were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using the General Linear Model and Duncan's multiple range tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WV supplementation enhanced antioxidant status, with significant increases in GPx (T₅ and T₆) and T-AOC (T₆), while CAT and SOD remained unaffected. T₅ significantly elevated acetic, butyric, and total VFA levels. WV-treated birds (T₃-T₆) showed reduced <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Enterobacteria</i> counts and increased bifidobacteria and total bacteria compared with controls. T₄ showed the highest digestibility of CP, while T₅ significantly improved ash and EE digestibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WV supplementation, particularly at a 1:200 dilution (T₄), effectively improved gut microbial balance, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoted nutrient digestibility. These results support WV as a viable natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1911-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) inclusion on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood biochemistry in Awassi lambs.","authors":"Belal S Obeidat, Nawras L Al Shabuol, Linda Alyahya","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1863-1869","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1863-1869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The search for sustainable and cost-effective protein alternatives to soybean meal in livestock diets has led to the exploration of legumes such as faba beans [FBs] (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.). This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of FBs on carcass traits, meat quality, and selected blood parameters in Awassi lambs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four male Awassi lambs (initial body weight: 20.54 ± 0.798 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 12 per group) and fed isonitrogenous diets either with no FB (control diet [CON]) or 20% FB on a dry matter basis (FB20) for 70 days. The trial consisted of a 7-day acclimation period, followed by 63 days of data collection. Carcass evaluation, meat quality analysis (pH, water-holding capacity [WHC], color, and shear force), and blood biochemistry profiling were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FB20 supplementation significantly increased loin weight and lean content (p < 0.05), while reducing subcutaneous and total fat percentages (p < 0.05). WHC improved (p = 0.024), shear force decreased (p = 0.024), and meat redness (a*) significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in FB20 lambs. No differences were observed in other meat quality parameters such as pH, cooking loss, whiteness (L*), and yellowness (b*) values. The crude protein content in meat was higher in the FB20 group (p = 0.043), indicating an improved nutritional value. Blood biochemical markers, including urea nitrogen, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, liver enzymes, and lipoproteins, did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), indicating no adverse health effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inclusion of 20% FB in the diet of Awassi lambs improved carcass composition and meat quality without negatively affecting animal health. The observed improvements in meat tenderness, protein content, and color, along with unchanged blood profiles, support the use of FBs as a viable and sustainable protein source in lamb production. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects, consumer acceptance, and optimal inclusion rates across various breeds and production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1863-1869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in humans and cattle: Implications for zoonotic malaria transmission in Indonesia.","authors":"Hamzah Hasyim, Babucarr Jassey, Ririh Yudhastuti, Misnaniarti Misnaniarti, Iche Andriyani Liberty, Elvi Sunarsih, Langgeng Priyanto, Dalilah Dalilah, Yusri Yusri, Fildzah Hashifah Taufiq, Fadhilah Eka Maharani, Lukman Hakim, Siti Herlinda","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1831-1839","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1831-1839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Zoonotic malaria remains a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia. The potential role of cattle as reservoirs for <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in Indonesia has not been fully elucidated, despite increasing recognition of animal reservoirs in malaria transmission dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in humans and cattle in a malaria-endemic region of Indonesia to explore the potential for zoonotic transmission and inform integrated control strategies aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 3.3.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between March to July 2024 involving 41 human participants and 43 cattle. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using endpoint polymerase chain reaction techniques targeting <i>Plasmodium</i> genus-specific DNA sequences. The infection prevalence in both populations was determined, and the results were interpreted to assess the risk of zoonotic malaria transmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All human blood samples tested negative for <i>Plasmodium</i> spp., corresponding to a 0% infection rate (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%-8.5%). In contrast, one cattle sample tested positive, resulting in a 2.33% infection rate among cattle (95% CI: 0.06%-12.0%). The positive detection in cattle was confirmed by a distinct 240 base pairs band through agarose gel electrophoresis. The absence of infections in humans suggests the effectiveness of current public health measures, while the presence of <i>Plasmodium</i> DNA in cattle underscores the potential role of cattle as parasite reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of integrating animal health surveillance into malaria elimination programs under the One Health framework. Although no zoonotic transmission to humans was observed, the detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in cattle warrants continuous surveillance, improved livestock management practices, and targeted vector control measures. Further studies with species-specific molecular diagnostics and broader geographic coverage are recommended to clarify the zoonotic potential and transmission dynamics involving cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1831-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopus-based bibliometric analysis of research trends in silage feed and its impact on rumen fermentation in ruminants.","authors":"Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo, Randi Mulianda, Wulandari Wulandari, Santika Anggrahini, Novia Qomariyah, Andi Ella, Erna Winarti, Yenni Yusriani, Suyatno Suyatno, Jhon Firison, Deni Fitra, Anwar Efendi Harahap, Dinda Ayu Permata Sari, Taufik Hidayat, Anuraga Jayanegara","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1972-1990","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1972-1990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Silage plays a pivotal role in ruminant nutrition, significantly influencing rumen fermentation, animal productivity, and environmental sustainability. Despite extensive research on silage and fermentation, a comprehensive synthesis of global trends and collaborations in this domain has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global research on silage feed and its effects on rumen fermentation in ruminants. It sought to identify publication trends, leading contributors, research themes, and international collaboration networks, thereby informing future directions in ruminant nutrition research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,007 documents published between 1961 and 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database using targeted keywords. Bibliometric and network analyses were performed using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix (R package), and Microsoft Excel. Inclusion criteria were limited to peer-reviewed English-language articles focused on silage feed and rumen fermentation in ruminants. Data cleaning and preprocessing involved harmonization of author names, keywords, and institutional affiliations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Publication output has increased significantly since 2010, with China, the United States, and Canada emerging as the top contributors. Major research themes include silage quality, microbial fermentation, methane mitigation, and feed efficiency. Core journals identified include <i>Journal of Dairy Science</i> and <i>Journal of Animal Science</i>. Leading institutions such as China Agricultural University and the University of Florida demonstrated high productivity and citation impact. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging trends, including microbiome, methanogenesis, and sustainability. Collaboration network analysis revealed strong regional clusters, with North America and Europe forming central hubs, while Asia and South America showed growing but less integrated networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on silage and rumen fermentation has evolved from foundational studies to interdisciplinary approaches integrating microbiology, environmental science, and precision agriculture. The field is rapidly expanding, with increasing emphasis on reducing methane emissions and enhancing livestock performance through improved silage practices. However, global collaboration remains fragmented, particularly in underrepresented regions. Future research should focus on metagenomics, smart technologies (e.g., Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things), and policy-driven strategies to optimize feed systems and support sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1972-1990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lyophilized <i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> extract in intraruminal bolus and granule forms for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep: An <i>in vivo</i> clinical study.","authors":"Aīda Vanaga, Dace Keidāne, Alīna Kļaviņa, Ivars Lūsis, Aija Mālniece, Dace Bandere, Renāte Teterovska, Ance Bārzdiņa, Oxana Brante, Konstantins Logviss, Oskars Radziņš, Līga Kovaļčuka","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1991-2001","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1991-2001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematode infections have a significant impact on the health and productivity of sheep worldwide. Conventional anthelmintics are facing rising resistance, prompting the need for alternative control strategies. <i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> (tansy), a traditionally used antiparasitic herb in Latvia, has shown <i>in vitro</i> efficacy but lacks <i>in vivo</i> delivery validation. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> antiparasitic efficacy and safety of <i>T. vulgare</i> extract administered through novel intraruminal boluses and granules in naturally infected sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty female Latvian Darkhead lambs (4-5 months; mean 35 ± 0.8 kg) were randomly assigned to five groups: Two bolus groups (A and B), one granule group, and two controls (negative and positive). Groups A and B received intraruminal boluses with different lyophilized extract formulations, the granule group received powdered <i>T. vulgare</i> mixed with feed, and the positive control received levamisole. Fecal egg counts (FECs), clinical signs, and hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed over 56 days. Disintegration testing simulated rumen conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse clinical or physiological effects were observed. Bolus groups exhibited a more rapid and consistent reduction in strongylid FECs compared to the granule and negative control groups. On day 56, egg counts decreased to 325-358 eggs per gram (EPG) in bolus and granule groups, compared to 533 EPG in the negative control. Hematological and biochemical parameters remained within reference ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>T. vulgare</i> extract administered through intraruminal bolus was safe, sustained animal health, and effectively reduced gastrointestinal nematode burden. Granules were less effective, potentially due to reduced palatability. Bolus-based phytotherapy may serve as a sustainable, prophylactic alternative to conventional anthelmintics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1991-2001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization and multidrug resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia: A One Health perspective.","authors":"Ali Wahdan, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmoud M Elhaig, Mohammed Al-Rasheed, Ehab M Abd-Allah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1964-1971","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1964-1971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) zoonotic pathogen increasingly implicated in infections in both humans and animals, including avian species. Raptors, particularly peregrine falcons, are vulnerable due to their exposure to diverse environments and intensive management practices. This study aimed to identify <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from peregrine falcons in Saudi Arabia and to characterize their genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty cloacal swabs were collected from adult peregrine falcons showing clinical signs of gastrointestinal distress and housed in falconry facilities in Eastern Saudi Arabia between 2022 and 2024. Samples underwent bacteriological culture, biochemical identification using the Vitek 2 system, and WGS of a representative isolate. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, phylogenetic comparison, and resistance gene profiling were conducted using standard bioinformatic tools and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database and PubMLST databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen isolates (20%) were confirmed as <i>P. aeruginosa</i> through biochemical identification and BLAST analysis. One representative isolate underwent WGS and revealed a 6.0 Mbp genome with close phylogenetic relatedness (92% bootstrap) to a human-derived <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain (CP050326), with a 4% genetic divergence. The MLST profile included allele numbers <i>acsA</i> (23), <i>aroE</i> (29), <i>guaA</i> (1), <i>mutL</i> (3), <i>nuoD</i> (1), <i>ppsA</i> (15), and <i>trpE</i> (9). Resistance genes identified included β-lactamase PAO-type (<i>blaPAO</i>), Class Dβ -lactamase OXA-type (variants 485 and 488) (<i>blaOXA-485/488</i>), aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase type IIb (<i>aph(3')-IIb</i>), glutathione transferase FosA (<i>fosA</i>), and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase type B7 (<i>catB7</i>), indicating MDR to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of WGS-characterized, MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in falcons from Saudi Arabia. The genomic similarity to human strains highlights the zoonotic potential and One Health implications. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated AMR surveillance in wildlife, especially in regions with widespread falconry practices. WGS offers valuable molecular insights for pathogen tracking, resistance monitoring, and epidemiological risk assessment. Broader genomic surveillance across bird species and regions is necessary to guide control strategies and reduce the risks of zoonotic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 7","pages":"1964-1971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}