Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Ecological and public health dimensions of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in bats: A One Health perspective.","authors":"Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Hani Plumeriastuti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Agus Widodo, Daniah Ashri Afnani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> represent a major public health concern. While antibiotic resistance in clinical and agricultural settings is well documented, the contribution of wildlife, particularly bats, to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains underexplored. Bats possess unique ecological traits - such as long-distance flight, longevity, and adaptability - that facilitate their role as potential reservoirs and vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review synthesizes global findings on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolated from bats. Through a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted across five continents, we highlight the prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> in bat populations, with resistance profiles frequently including β-lactams (<i>bla</i>), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Notably, key ESBL genes such as <i>bla</i>CTX-M, <i>bla</i>TEM, <i>bla</i>SHV, and <i>bla</i>OXA have been identified in isolates from bat feces (guano), raising significant concern due to potential environmental contamination and zoonotic spillover. Risk factors such as habitat encroachment, anthropogenic waste exposure, and the agricultural use of bat guano further exacerbate the risk of ESBL transmission. Moreover, genomic comparisons suggest phylogenetic overlap between ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> from bats and those found in humans and livestock. Given these findings, bats warrant greater inclusion in One Health surveillance frameworks to trace AMR gene flow and develop targeted interventions. This review underscores the need for integrated AMR monitoring in wildlife, enhanced waste management policies, and stricter biosecurity to mitigate the public health risks associated with wildlife-origin ESBL dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1199-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of <i>Quercus coccifera</i> plant leaf extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.","authors":"Saif Aldeen Jaber","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1253-1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1253-1261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The escalating global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Plant-derived bioactive compounds represent a promising reservoir due to their chemical diversity and efficacy against resistant pathogens. <i>Quercus</i> species, traditionally utilized in herbal medicine, have shown significant bioactive potential. However, research specifically evaluating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of <i>Quercus coccifera</i> remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of <i>Q. coccifera</i> leaf extracts using various extraction methods and solvents with differing polarities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>Q. coccifera</i> leaves were harvested, dried, and extracted using solvents of varying polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, boiled water, and microwaved water). Phytochemical profiling included tests for alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Brucella melitensis</i>) bacteria were evaluated using AlamarBlue® (Invitrogen, Glasgow, UK) assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. Antibiofilm activity was assessed by biofilm viability tests and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methanolic and boiled water extracts demonstrated robust phytochemical profiles (alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids) and significant antioxidant activity (>90% inhibition). Antimicrobial pre-evaluation indicated superior antibacterial efficacy (>90% inhibition) of these extracts, while microwaved water extracts showed moderate activity (~75% inhibition). The methanolic and boiled water extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial effects with MIC values <30 μg/mL against all tested pathogens except <i>S. pneumoniae</i>. Similarly, these extracts effectively disrupted biofilms formed by <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, with MBEC values approximately 25 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polar solvent extracts of <i>Q. coccifera</i> leaves exhibit significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, underlining their potential as novel antimicrobial agents or adjuncts to existing therapies. Future studies involving cytotoxicity evaluation and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy are essential to translate these findings into clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1253-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfated Lewis A from the oviduct reservoir selectively binds to camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) sperm and extends their lifespan <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Mohamed M M El-Sokary, Hamad A Albreiki, Salem Belal, Latifa R Alshamsi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1147-1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1147-1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Camel reproduction faces significant challenges, including poor semen preservation and a limited understanding of gamete interactions, particularly within the oviduct. Glycan-mediated sperm binding in the oviduct is pivotal for sperm storage and longevity in various species. This study aimed to evaluate the binding affinity of camel epididymal sperm to sulfated Lewis A (SuLeA) - a trisaccharide from the oviductal isthmus - and investigate its effect on sperm lifespan and viability <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fluorescent-labeled SuLeA was used to localize glycan-binding sites on camel sperm. An <i>in vitro</i> model involving biotinylated SuLeA conjugated to streptavidin-sepharose beads was developed to mimic oviductal interactions. Sperm-oviduct binding specificity was assessed by pre-incubating sperm with SuLeA before their exposure to epithelial cell aggregates. Sperm viability was evaluated over 48 h using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluorescent SuLeA showed preferential binding to the post-acrosomal region of camel sperm (53%, p < 0.05). Pre-incubation with SuLeA significantly inhibited sperm adhesion to oviductal aggregates (82% vs. 25%, p < 0.05), confirming binding specificity. Sperm demonstrated a high affinity to immobilized SuLeA (5 sperm/bead), which was reduced to 1 sperm/bead following glycan pre-incubation. Notably, sperm bound to immobilized SuLeA exhibited significantly higher viability (59%) after 48 h compared to unbound sperm (5%, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes that SuLeA selectively binds to camel sperm at the post-acrosomal region, mimicking physiological sperm-oviduct adhesion. The interaction not only confirms glycan specificity but also significantly prolongs sperm viability. These findings provide a promising foundation for developing freeze-free preservation techniques and improving artificial insemination protocols in camelids.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1147-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the physical and chemical properties of vaginal discharge for the diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cattle.","authors":"Nest Dale Bartolome, Ruchikon Jongsuwanwattana, Sariya Asawakarn, Siriwat Suadsong, Kiattisak Sangpradit, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1322-1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1322-1332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Postpartum endometritis is a major cause of infertility in dairy cattle, impacting herd productivity and economic sustainability. Although traditional diagnostic methods are available, there remains a need for simple, rapid, and accurate cow-side diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection and management of clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SCE). This study aimed to (i) evaluate the diagnostic performance of vaginal discharge parameters - pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) - using a portable flat-surface electrode probe, and pH and leukocyte esterase (LE) activity using reagent strips and (ii) establish optimal cut-off values for these parameters to support practical on-farm screening of endometritis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-eight postpartum Holstein Friesian cows were enrolled. Vaginal discharge was collected using a Metricheck device and analyzed for pH, TDS, salinity, and EC. Concurrently, pH and LE activity were assessed using reagent strips. Endometrial cytology was performed to diagnose CE and SCE. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pH values measured by both the meter and strip were significantly higher in cows with normal uterine health compared to those with CE (p = 0.010 and p = 0.008, respectively). LE activity was significantly elevated in cows with CE (p = 0.001). ROC analysis identified optimal cut-off values: pH meter ≤8.35 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.768) and LE strip ≥2 (AUC = 0.835) for diagnosing CE. Combining pH and LE strip results improved diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.801), achieving 65.22% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, and 76.6% accuracy. TDS, salinity, and EC were not significantly associated with uterine health status (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined evaluation of vaginal discharge pH and LE activity offers a practical, cost-effective cow-side screening method for diagnosing endometritis in dairy cattle. In contrast, TDS, salinity, and EC measurements were not diagnostically informative. The proposed approach may enhance herd health management by enabling timely identification and treatment of endometritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1322-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, cytological, and reproductive hormone characterization of estrus in Pasundan heifers synchronized with double injection of prostaglandin F2α.","authors":"Rini Widyastuti, Nena Hilmia, Diky Ramdani, Rahmat Hidayat, Iman Hernaman, Andre Rivanda Daud, Ken Ratu Ghazirah Alhuur, Matni Syifa Bayani, Rangga Setiawan, Sigit Prastowo, Santoso Santoso, Vidi Wulandari","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1357-1364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1357-1364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pasundan cattle, a native Indonesian breed with valuable reproductive traits, face population decline due to limited conservation efforts. Estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a viable strategy to support genetic improvement and sustainable breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological, cytological, and hormonal responses associated with estrus synchronization in Pasundan heifers following a double-injection protocol of PGF2α.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen healthy Pasundan heifers (2.0-2.5 years old; body condition score 3) received two intramuscular PGF2α injections 11 days apart. Estrus signs were assessed through vulva morphology, cervical mucus viscosity, and vaginal electrical resistance (VER) on days 0, 4, 5, 11-15. Vaginal cytology was conducted to classify epithelial cells, and blood samples were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and estradiol through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak estrus response occurred on day 14 post-initial injection, marked by maximal vulvar swelling (7.27 ± 1.15 cm), highest mucus viscosity (14.9 ± 3.00 mm), and lowest VER (198.67 ± 29.61 Ohms). Cytologically, superficial and keratinized epithelial cells dominated (64.22%), indicating estrus. Hormonal assays revealed elevated FSH (5.08 mIU/mL) and estradiol (0.214 pg/mL), alongside a nadir in progesterone (0.162 ng/mL). Estrus was observed in 88.89% of heifers on day 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Double-injection PGF2α effectively synchronized estrus in Pasundan heifers, with day 14 being optimal for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The synchronization protocol demonstrated clear correlations between physical, cytological, and hormonal parameters. This protocol provides a reliable basis for reproductive management in Pasundan cattle, facilitating conservation and productivity. Future studies should assess conception outcomes post-FTAI to validate long-term reproductive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1357-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-induced skin regeneration: A comparative efficacy and safety analysis of alpha, beta, and gamma modalities in murine models.","authors":"Madyan Ahmed Khalaf, Marwan Noori Mohammed, Baida M Ahmed, Sahar A H Al-Sharqi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1168-1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1168-1179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The therapeutic application of ionizing radiation in wound healing, especially with alpha, beta, and gamma modalities, remains largely unexplored despite its potential for enhancing regenerative processes. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the efficacy and safety of alpha radiation (IG-A), beta radiation (IG-B), and gamma radiation (IG-G) modalities in promoting skin regeneration using a murine model of full-thickness excisional wounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty male BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups (n = 5 per group): IG-A, IG-B, IG-G, and an untreated control group (CG). Following surgical induction of full-thickness wounds (8 mm diameter), irradiation groups received 15 min of exposure at four intervals post-surgery using americium-241 (alpha), strontium-91 (beta), and cesium-137 (gamma). Wound healing was monitored macroscopically and microscopically on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Histological and biochemical assessments included collagen synthesis, epithelialization, neovascularization, and growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]) quantification. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IG-A significantly accelerated wound healing, achieving approximately 100% wound closure by day 10 compared to 90% and 80% in beta and gamma radiation groups, respectively. Control wounds demonstrated only 38% closure. Histopathological analysis indicated enhanced collagen deposition, neovascularization, sebaceous gland regeneration, and complete epithelialization primarily in the alpha-treated group. Biochemical assays revealed significantly elevated VEGF and PDGF levels in irradiated groups, with IG-A exhibiting the highest expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IG-A demonstrated superior efficacy in accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration compared to beta and gamma modalities. This novel finding suggests a potential therapeutic role for IG-A in clinical wound management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1168-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the microbiome of <i>Hyalomma</i> Koch, 1844 ticks using next-generation sequencing of the <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene.","authors":"Mohamad Taha Al Masri, Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1090-1100","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1090-1100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Ticks are critical vectors of pathogens affecting humans and livestock globally. The microbiome of ticks, comprising diverse bacterial communities, plays a crucial role in tick biology and vector competence. <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks are prominent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and are known carriers of significant pathogens. This study aimed to systematically evaluate existing literature regarding the microbiome composition of <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks in the MENA region, identify predominant bacterial genera, and highlight knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search covered studies published between 2014 and 2024 employing <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> gene sequencing to analyze microbiomes of <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks within the MENA region. Studies not fulfilling these criteria were excluded through independent assessment by two authors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,220 screened articles, seven studies met inclusion criteria, involving five <i>Hyalomma</i> species: <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>, <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, <i>Hyalomma excavatum</i>, <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i>, and <i>Hyalomma scupense</i>. Most studies (57.14%) focused on <i>H. dromedarii</i>, primarily collected from camels. The geographical distribution of studies included the United Arab Emirates (42.86%), Saudi Arabia (28.57%), Iran (14.29%), and Tunisia (14.29%). Common bacterial genera identified across multiple studies included <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Francisella</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium</i>. However, substantial gaps were noted, particularly concerning variations related to tick lifecycle stages, host interactions, temporal dynamics, and extensive geographic coverage within the MENA region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review underscores the presence of key bacterial genera within <i>Hyalomma</i> ticks across the MENA region, revealing their potential roles in tick biology and pathogen transmission. Major research gaps identified include limited geographical scope, insufficient exploration of microbiome variation across tick life stages, host-specific interactions, and the environmental factors influencing microbial communities. Addressing these gaps through comprehensive, longitudinal, and multi-regional studies is imperative for improving public health strategies and developing targeted tick-control methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1090-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competing microorganisms with exclusion effects against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in chicken litter supplemented with growth-promoting antimicrobials.","authors":"María Alejandra Ospina Barrero, Maryeimy Varón-López, Lina M Peñuela-Sierra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1127-1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1127-1136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The widespread use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production has been implicated in altering gut microbiota and promoting the excretion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria into the environment. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Infantis (<i>Salmonella</i> Infantis [S.I]), a prevalent zoonotic pathogen, has demonstrated increasing resistance in poultry systems. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural control microorganisms (NCM), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, in reducing the abundance of MDR S.I in fresh chicken litter from birds raised with or without AGP supplementation. It also examined how physicochemical properties and microbial dynamics influence pathogen persistence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Microcosms were constructed using litter from broilers raised under two dietary regimes (with and without avilamycin). Treatments included combinations of AGP, S.I, and NCM. Bacterial enumeration was performed using selective media, and whole-genome sequencing of S.I was conducted to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Physicochemical parameters (pH, humidity, temperature, and ammonia) were measured and correlated with microbial loads. Antagonistic activity of NCM strains was assessed using agar diffusion assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genome analysis revealed that S.I carried multiple resistance genes (e.g., <i>bla</i>CTX-M-<i>65</i>, <i>tet(A)</i>, and <i>sul1</i>) and efflux systems conferring MDR. <i>In vitro</i> assays showed strong antagonism by <i>L. plantarum</i> and moderate activity by <i>B. subtilis</i>. In microcosms, S.I counts significantly decreased in the presence of both AGP and NCM, indicating synergistic inhibition. Conversely, in the absence of AGP, NCM had a limited effect. Statistical analyses showed strong correlations between microbial groups and physicochemical variables, particularly during later production stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> in chicken litter significantly reduced S.I colonization under AGP supplementation, suggesting their potential as biocontrol agents. These findings support the development of integrated litter management strategies to mitigate zoonotic and resistant pathogen dissemination, particularly in AGP-using systems. However, the effectiveness of such interventions may vary across farms due to differences in microbial ecology and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1127-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in male fertility: Protective role of resveratrol and disruptive effects of CH223191 in adult male rats.","authors":"Ghadeer Sabah Bustani, Hasan Falah Kashef Alghetaa","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1274-1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1274-1287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis through its regulatory functions in redox balance and gene expression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic AhR modulator, and CH223191, a selective AhR antagonist, on male reproductive function in rats by assessing sperm quality, oxidative stress, testicular histopathology, and <i>AhR</i> gene expression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Control, (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle), (iii) RES (100 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly), and (iv) AhR¯ (CH223191, 10 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly), treated for 60 days. Post-treatment, sperm motility, survival, viability, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, testicular histopathology, and <i>AhR</i> gene expression quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RES significantly enhanced sperm motility, survival, and viability, reduced DNA fragmentation, and increased TAC while decreasing MDA levels. Histologically, RES preserved normal testicular architecture. In contrast, AhR inhibition through CH223191 led to marked reductions in sperm quality, elevated oxidative stress, increased DNA fragmentation, and severe testicular degeneration. qPCR analysis revealed upregulation of AhR expression in the RES group (fold change: +23.1%) and significant downregulation in the AhR¯ group (fold change: -72.6%), indicating differential modulation of AhR signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RES positively modulates AhR activity, safeguarding testicular structure and enhancing sperm quality through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Conversely, AhR antagonism disrupts spermatogenesis, underscoring the receptor's essential role in male fertility. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of AhR-targeting agents like RES in ameliorating male reproductive dysfunctions associated with oxidative stress and xenobiotic exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1274-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lintang Winantya Firdausy, Faisal Fikri, Arya Pradana Wicaksono, Hakan Çalışkan, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease with significant implications for animal health and rural livelihoods in Indonesia. Despite surveillance efforts, comprehensive national-level estimates of its prevalence in domesticated animals remain lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of trypanosomiasis across Indonesian provinces, identify contributing factors, and assess trends over time using a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) for articles published between 1988 and 2024. Eligible studies reported primary prevalence data of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals within Indonesia. A total of 18 studies with 4,295 samples met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using R Studio 4.4.2. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on animal host, diagnostic method, province, and study period. Heterogeneity was assessed through I² and τ² statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of trypanosomiasis in domesticated animals across Indonesia was 31.23% (95% confidence interval: 24.67-37.78), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 98.1%). Buffaloes exhibited the highest infection rate at 51.46%, followed by cattle (33.99%), whereas horses and dogs had notably lower rates (<6%). Provinces with the highest reported prevalence included Lampung (75.05%) and Central Kalimantan (75.00%). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the most frequently used and sensitive diagnostic method. Meta-regression revealed a declining trend over time (p = 0.0002), although high variability persisted between regions and diagnostic tools.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trypanosomiasis remains endemic among domesticated animals in Indonesia, with a substantial pooled prevalence and marked regional variability. The findings underscore the need for improved surveillance, implementation of standardized diagnostic tools, and integrated vector management strategies. Future research should focus on ecological risk factors, seasonality, and the zoonotic potential of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> to support evidence-based control interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1333-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}