Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of capsaicin on intestinal morphology and microbiota composition in mice: Structural, immunohistochemical, and microbial insights.","authors":"Kai Li, Jianghai Xu, Siying Chen, Aifei Du, Shaohua Feng, Shibin Yuan, Bangyuan Wu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1703-1714","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1703-1714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Capsaicin (CAP), the pungent component of chili peppers, possesses diverse bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. However, its impact on gastrointestinal integrity and microbial ecology remains dose-dependent and incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying CAP doses on intestinal morphology, tight junction protein expression, goblet cell density, mucosal injury markers, and gut microbiota composition in mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-five male Kunming mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 15/group): Normal control, vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide), low-dose CAP (5 mg/kg), medium-dose (15 mg/kg), and high-dose (20 mg/kg). Mice received oral gavage every other day for 14 days. Histological assessments (H&E and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid-Schiff staining), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diamine oxidase, fatty acid-binding protein 2, and plasma endotoxin as well as immunohistochemistry for ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin, and 16S rRNA sequencing were employed to evaluate structural and microbial changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low-dose CAP significantly enhanced villus height, reduced crypt depth, and elevated the villus-to-crypt ratio across all intestinal segments (p < 0.05). Tight junction protein expression and goblet cell counts were highest in the low-dose group, suggesting mucosal protection. In contrast, medium and high-dose CAP induced epithelial damage, villus atrophy, and downregulation of junctional proteins. Microbiota analysis revealed the suppression of Proteobacteria and the expansion of Firmicutes in the medium- and high-dose groups. All CAP doses stimulated microbial biosynthesis of cofactors, vitamins, and electron carriers, with enhanced alpha diversity at higher doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAP exhibits a biphasic effect on intestinal physiology. While low-dose administration supports mucosal integrity and promotes beneficial microbial functions, higher doses disrupt epithelial architecture and induce dysbiosis. These findings underscore the importance of dose consideration in CAP's dietary and therapeutic applications, providing mechanistic insights into its gut-mediated effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1703-1714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal contamination on reproductive health and gamete quality in female Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) from the Brantas River Basin, Indonesia.","authors":"Habib Syaiful Arif Tuska, Gretania Residiwati, Anik Martinah Hariati, Anwar Sanusi, Gatot Ciptadi, Barlah Rumhayati, Hendra Susanto, Aulanni'am Aulanni'am","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1634-1643","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1634-1643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems poses a serious threat to aquatic biodiversity and food safety. This study assessed the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and copper, as well as their effects on histopathological alterations in vital organs and gamete quality, in female Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) from the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Water and fish samples were collected from five sites with varying levels of industrial and residential activity. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Histopathological evaluations were performed on gills, liver, and ovaries, and gamete quality was assessed based on oocyte diameter, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), survival, and abnormality rate. Statistical analyses included a one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest concentrations of Cd and Fe were found in Kalisari, corresponding with pronounced histopathological lesions in fish, including necrosis, inflammation, and hyperplasia in vital organs. Oocytes from heavily polluted sites exhibited significantly reduced diameters, GVBD rates, and survival rates, alongside increased abnormalities. Cd and Fe levels exhibited strong positive correlations with organ damage and negative correlations with gamete quality, particularly oocyte survival (Fe: r = -0.900).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to elevated levels of Cd and Fe significantly impairs the physiological and reproductive health of female Nile tilapia in the Brantas River. The observed tissue damage and reproductive disruption underscore the ecological and public health risks associated with unchecked industrial discharge. Long-term biomonitoring and targeted pollution control strategies are urgently required to safeguard aquatic life and reduce health risks under the One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1634-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of idebenone supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during liquid storage.","authors":"Rehardus Ricco Pantecostoma, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Saksiri Sirisathien","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1479-1486","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1479-1486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In swine production, over 99% of artificial insemination (AI) procedures utilize boar semen preserved in liquid form at 17°C for up to 5 days. However, spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress during storage, which impairs motility, membrane integrity, and overall fertility. Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) compromises sperm structure and function. Although antioxidants are used to mitigate oxidative damage, idebenone (IDB) - a short-chain benzoquinone with potent mitochondrial antioxidant properties - has not been studied in boar semen preservation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IDB supplementation in a semen extender on boar spermatozoa quality during 120 h of liquid storage at 17°C.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ejaculates from 25 Duroc boars were diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution to a final concentration of 30 × 10⁶ sperm/mL. In Experiment 1, semen samples (n = 13) were treated with 0, 78, 156, 312, 625, or 1250 nM of IDB and assessed at 24-h intervals for motility (computer-assisted sperm analysis), viability (eosin-nigrosin), and membrane integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test). In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB was selected for its optimal effects and further tested (n = 12) for acrosome integrity (fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin), capacitation status (chlortetracycline staining), LPO (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and kinematic parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 120 h, the 78 nM IDB group showed significantly improved total motility (81.4%) and membrane integrity (60.3%) compared to control (72.9% and 46.7%, respectively; p < 0.05). Viability was higher in IDB-treated groups, and high concentrations (625-1250 nM) reduced motility. In Experiment 2, 78 nM IDB improved total and progressive motility (84.0% and 46.8%), preserved acrosome integrity (64.06% vs. 58.75%), reduced capacitated sperm (64.72% vs. 59.11%), and decreased malondialdehyde levels (51.84 nmol vs. 59.61 nmol) relative to controls (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IDB at 78 nM effectively preserves boar semen quality during 5-day liquid storage by enhancing motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, and reducing oxidative stress. These findings highlight its potential as a novel antioxidant additive in AI protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1479-1486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotics and amprolium on performance, lesion scores, oocyst shedding, and histopathological changes in <i>Eimeria tenella</i>-infected broiler chickens.","authors":"Thanyakorn Chalalai, Watcharapon Promsut, Kannika Hinkhao, Tirocha Hengphrathani, Kamonporn Sangsakul, Nopparat Bhavabhutanon, Tippayaporn Nonkookhetkhong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1400-1410","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1400-1410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Coccidiosis caused by <i>Eimeria tenella</i> significantly impairs poultry health and productivity, prompting the search for alternative or complementary therapies to conventional coccidiostats. This study investigates the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic complex of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bifidobacteria</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus</i>, alone or in combination with amprolium, against <i>E. tenella</i> infection in broiler chickens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 90 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (n = 15/group). Group 1 served as the uninfected control, while Group 2 comprised infected but untreated controls. Group 3 received probiotics at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, and Group 4 was treated with amprolium at a dosage of 20 mg/kg. Group 5 was administered a combination of probiotics (1 mg/mL) and amprolium (20 mg/kg), whereas Group 6 received prophylactic treatment with probiotics (1 mg/mL). All groups except the uninfected control were challenged orally with 2 × 10⁴ sporula-ted <i>E. tenella</i> oocysts. Growth performance was monitored on days 15, 21, and 28. Lesion scoring, oocyst shedding, and histopathological examinations were conducted on day 28. An <i>in vitro</i> sporulation assay evaluated the inhibitory potential of treatments on oocyst development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i>, the probiotic-amprolium combination significantly reduced oocyst sporulation rates (5.86%). <i>In vivo</i>, amprolium and prophylactic probiotics significantly improved body weight gain and feed intake (p < 0.05) and reduced oocyst shedding. Lesion severity and parasite stage counts were significantly lower in the amprolium group; however, the combination group exhibited unexpectedly higher lesion scores. Mortality was highest in the amprolium and untreated groups (20%) but absent in the combination group, suggesting differential immunomodulatory effects. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced intestinal damage in groups treated with amprolium or prophylactic probiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Amprolium monotherapy and prophylactic probiotic supplementation were effective in mitigating <i>E. tenella</i>-induced pathology and improving broiler performance. Probiotics alone provided moderate benefits, while their post-infection therapeutic use or co-administration with amprolium did not yield superior results. These findings underscore the prophylactic value of probiotics and warrant further studies to optimize combination regimens under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1400-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of citronella and ginger essential oil combinations against chicken lice (<i>Menopon gallinae</i>) and mites (<i>Ornithonyssus bursa</i>): Chemical characterization, contact toxicity, and <i>in vivo</i> validation.","authors":"Nattha Vigad, Prapakorn Tarachai, Sunee Chansakaow, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Kridda Chukiatsiri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1694-1702","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1694-1702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Ectoparasites, such as <i>Menopon gallinae</i> (chicken lice) and <i>Ornithonyssus bursa</i> (chicken mites), have a significant impact on poultry health and productivity, resulting in substantial economic losses and potential zoonotic risks. Conventional synthetic pesticides, though effective, pose health and environmental concerns. Hence, plant-based alternatives such as essential oils are gaining attention for their insecticidal properties. This study aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of citronella (<i>Cymbopogon nardus</i>) and ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) essential oils and to evaluate their acaricidal and insecticidal efficacy, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, against <i>M. gallinae</i> and <i>O. bursa</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Essential oils were extracted through steam distillation and characterized using specific gravity, refractive index, and optical rotation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify major chemical constituents. Contact toxicity assays were conducted on adult lice and mites exposed to essential oil combinations (Citronella [CT]: Ginger [G] in ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70). <i>In vivo</i> trials were performed on naturally infested chickens and mite-contaminated nests, with efficacy assessed at days 1, 7, and 14 post-treatment. Statistical analyses employed general linear mixed models and Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC-MS revealed citral, neral, and limonene as key constituents of citronella oil, and zingiberene and sesquiphellandrene in ginger oil. All essential oil combinations showed 100% <i>in vitro</i> mortality of lice and mites by 24 h. <i>In vivo</i>, the CT70:G30 formulation achieved the greatest reduction in lice incidence by day 14 (22.67%), followed by trichlorfon (31.33%). For mites, trichlorfon exhibited the highest efficacy (3.33% incidence on day 14), while CT30:G70 also showed notable reduction (40.97%) with no adverse effects observed in treated birds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combinations of citronella and ginger essential oils, particularly CT30:G70, offer a promising natural alternative to chemical pesticides for managing poultry ectoparasites. Their high efficacy, rapid action, and safety profile support their use in organic and sustainable poultry farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1694-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and molecular characterization of novel luminal A and luminal B canine mammary cancer cell lines for comparative oncology.","authors":"Juthathip Jurutha, Yanika Piyasanti, Kornkanok Sritabtim, Suparat Chaipipat, Kannika Siripattarapravat, Sukumal Prukudom, Usuma Jermnak, Rungthiwa Sinsiri, Kakanang Wongsuppabut, Charuwan Wongsali, Nutawan Niyatiwatchanchai, Wijit Sutthiprapa, Napachanok Swainson, Wachiraphan Supsavhad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1725-1740","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1725-1740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine mammary cancer (CMC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in female dogs, sharing significant pathological and molecular similarities with human breast cancer (HBC). Despite the availability of various CMC cell lines, most represent triple-negative orepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2)-enriched subtypes, which limit research on hormone receptor-positive cancers. This study aimed to establish and characterize novel CMC cell lines representing luminal A and B subtypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between 2020 and 2021, 31 canine mammary tumors (CMTs) were collected from clinical cases. Tumor tissues were processed for primary culture, and two cell lines - CMGT_071020 and CMGT_180321 - were successfully established. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), ErbB2, Ki-67, vimentin, and multi-cytokeratin. Functional assays (wound-healing and transwell migration) assessed metastatic behavior. Gene expression (<i>EGFR</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, <i>PTEN</i>, <i>SNAIL</i>, <i>N-cadherin</i>, and <i>E-cadherin</i>) was analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell line authentication was confirmed through short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and mycoplasma testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CMGT_071020 (luminal B) and CMGT_180321 (luminal A) cell lines were derived from malignant epithelial tumors and maintained stable growth over 30 passages. IHC confirmed molecular subtype classifications. CMGT_071020 exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, a high Ki-67 index (67%), and superior migratory capacity compared to CMGT_180321 and the commercial ErbB2-enriched REM134 cell line. <i>E-cadherin</i> expression was significantly elevated in CMGT_071020 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the expression levels of other genes were comparable. STR analysis verified their genetic uniqueness, and both lines were free from mycoplasma contamination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study successfully established and characterized two novel hormone receptor-positive CMC cell lines, representing luminal A and luminal B subtypes. The CMGT_071020 line exhibited higher metastatic potential, offering a promising model for aggressive hormone-responsive CMC. These cell lines provide valuable tools for comparative oncology and may facilitate subtype-specific therapeutic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1725-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three <i>Salmonella</i> Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Temirlan Bakishev, Asylulan Amirgazin, Marat Kuibagarov, Alexander Shevtsov, Zhanar Bakisheva, Gulzhan Yessembekova, Alma Kairzhanova, Ablaikhan Kadyrov, Kui Guo, Xiaojun Wang, Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov, Sergey Borovikov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1571-1580","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1571-1580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> Abortusequi is a significant etiological agent of equine abortions, yet limited genomic data exist, particularly in Central Asia. This study aimed to perform the first genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three <i>S</i>. Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in different regions of Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on three isolates using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomic assemblies were annotated using SPAdes and Prokka, while phenotypic traits were predicted through BioNumerics. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and prophage elements were identified using established databases. Phylogenetic relationships were examined through whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis against a global panel of <i>S</i>. Abortusequi and related serovars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates displayed high genomic similarity and were classified as <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi with an antigenic profile of 4:a:e,n,x. Twelve Salmonella pathogenicity islands and three prophages were identified, with ST64B present in all isolates. The ac(6')-Iaa gene, which confers resistance to aminoglycosides, was detected in all strains. Each genome encoded 101-109 virulence factors, with 94 conserved across isolates. wgSNP analysis confirmed close phylogenetic clustering of the Kazakh strains, with regional variation between northern and southern isolates. Prophage-associated virulence elements, particularly virulence factor protein (SseK), were also documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the genetic uniformity and virulence potential of <i>S</i>. Abortusequi strains circulating in Kazakhstan. The presence of conserved resistance and virulence genes, including prophage-encoded elements, underscores the pathogenic risk posed by these isolates. These findings contribute valuable genomic data for surveillance, diagnosis, and control of salmonellosis in equine populations. Despite the limited sample size, the study establishes a foundation for future genomic epidemiological studies and targeted disease mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1571-1580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of <i>apolipoprotein B</i>-associated cholesterol deficiency genotype on milk composition, somatic cell count, and parity effects in Lithuanian Holstein cows.","authors":"Ramutė Mišeikienė, Nijolė Pečiulaitienė, Lina Kajokienė, Renata Bižienė, Kristina Morkūnienė, Vilius Marma, Saulius Tušas, Paulius Matusevičius, Ewa Wójcik, Alina Janocha, Anna Milczarek, Laimutis Kučinskas","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1581-1589","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1581-1589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cholesterol deficiency (CD) in Holstein cattle, caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the <i>apolipoprotein B</i> (<i>APOB</i>) gene, is a heritable autosomal recessive condition with known implications for fat metabolism and cholesterol transport. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the CD genotype on milk yield components, cholesterol concentration, and somatic cell count (SCC) in Lithuanian Holstein cows, and to determine whether lactation number modulates these relationships.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 188 cows were classified by lactation: 1^st (n = 44), 2^nd (n = 50), 3^rd and 4^th (n = 60), and ≥5^th (n = 34). Genotyping for the <i>APOB</i> mutation was conducted using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Milk fat, protein, lactose, and SCC were determined using LactoScope Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Somascope methods, while cholesterol concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis H test due to non-normal data distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The heterozygous CD genotype was identified in 17.02% of the population, with wild-type and mutant allele frequencies of 0.91 and 0.09, respectively. Non-carriers showed marginally higher fat, protein, and cholesterol levels, with a statistically significant difference in fat content (p = 0.04). When stratified by lactation, significant differences were observed for fat content in the 1^st lactation group (p = 0.026), SCC in the 2^nd (p = 0.038), and protein content in the 3^rd (p = 0.030). No significant variation in milk cholesterol concentration was detected across genotype groups in any lactation group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the presence of the CD-associated <i>APOB</i> allele in the Lithuanian Holstein population. While CD status significantly influenced milk fat percentage, its effect on other milk composition traits and SCC was limited. Parity exhibited specific but non-consistent modulating effects. Further large-scale, longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological underpinnings of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1581-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present trends, research gaps, and emerging priorities in falcon studies: A four-decade bibliometric analysis from the Arabian Gulf.","authors":"Ahmed Alsaleem, Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohammed Al-Rasheed","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1452-1465","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1452-1465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Despite the profound cultural and ecological significance of falcons in the Arabian Gulf, systematic evaluations of regional falcon research are lacking. A bibliometric approach can elucidate the evolution, influence, and emerging priorities within this specialized field. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive bibliometric mapping of falcon research in the Arabian Gulf countries over the past four decades (1984-2024), revealing research dynamics, international collaboration networks, thematic trajectories, and critical knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Original research articles were systematically retrieved from the Scopus database using targeted search strategies restricted to title-level keywords and affiliation filters. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 126 articles were selected for analysis. Bibliometric methods - including co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, and trend analysis - were applied using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research output exhibited a modest annual growth rate of 2.32%, predominantly driven by contributions from the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Strong international collaborations (56.35% co-authored publications) were identified, particularly with European and North American institutions. Research themes historically centered on clinical veterinary topics and avian biology are now shifting toward molecular diagnostics, genetic studies, and disease surveillance. However, a clear regional imbalance and underrepresentation of emerging fields such as genomics, epidemiology, and conservation breeding were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis underscores the need for an integrative, regionally inclusive research strategy incorporating advanced molecular technologies and conservation science. Strengthening cross-border collaboration, adopting genome-based monitoring, and addressing emerging infectious threats will be critical to advancing falcon research and preservation in the Arabian Gulf.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1452-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing African animal trypanosomiasis in Benin: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cattle owners in the West Atacora zone.","authors":"Yao Akpo, Aretas B N Tonouhewa, Traore Alkoiret, Marc T Kpodekon","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1508-1516","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1508-1516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), transmitted by tsetse flies, severely constrains livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, limited governmental control initiatives and widespread drug misuse have raised concerns about emerging trypanocidal resistance. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cattle farmers in the Atacora and Donga departments of northern Benin and identify behaviors contributing to the persistence and drug resistance of AAT.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to December 2024 among 201 cattle farmers selected through stratified random sampling across five districts. Data were collected using a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed with R software employing descriptive statistics and comparative tests (χ², Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Awareness of tsetse flies and their role in AAT transmission was high (84%), but only 24% recognized insecticide-based vector control as an effective method. The predominant control strategy involved trypanocides - mainly diminazene aceturate (81%) and isometamidium chloride (71%) - with 99% of participants administering these drugs. Notably, 42% sourced trypanocides from illicit markets, and 22% practiced self-medication. Most farmers (56%) treated their cattle twice yearly, yet 65% failed to observe withdrawal periods, and 59% reported therapeutic failures. Only 12% had received formal training in AAT management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite high disease awareness, poor adherence to recommended control practices and the prevalent misuse of trypanocides, particularly through informal markets, pose serious threats to sustainable AAT management. There is an urgent need for integrated risk communication and policy-driven interventions promoting responsible drug use and vector control in northern Benin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 6","pages":"1508-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}