Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Coenzyme Q10 supplementation enhances HSP70 gene expression and preserves mitochondrial function in cryopreserved Peranakan Ettawa goat spermatozoa.","authors":"Yudit Oktanella, Imam Mustofa, Suherni Susilowati, Widjiati Widjiati, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Yayuk Kholifah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3443-3456","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3443-3456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cryopreservation is essential for the long-term preservation and dissemination of superior goat genetics but induces oxidative, osmotic, and thermal stress that compromises sperm quality and fertilizing potential. Mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and impaired cellular stress responses are major contributors to cryoinjury. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a mitochondrial electron carrier and potent lipid-soluble antioxidant, has been proposed as a cryoprotective supplement; however, its effects on heat shock protein 70 (<i>HSP70</i>) gene expression and mitochondrial function in cryopreserved Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goat spermatozoa remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the effects of graded CoQ10 supplementation in Extender A on post-thaw <i>HSP70</i> gene expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation, and sperm viability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen was collected from one clinically healthy 4-year-old PE buck, and eight independent ejaculates were processed using a split-ejaculate design. Each ejaculate was divided into five treatment groups supplemented with CoQ10 at 0 (C0), 5 (C1), 10 (C2), 20 (C3), and 40 mg/dL (C4). Following cryopreservation and thawing, <i>HSP70</i> gene expression was quantified using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>) as the reference gene. MMP was assessed using rhodamine 123 staining and confocal microscopy, lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and sperm viability was evaluated using eosin-nigrosine staining. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey or Games-Howell post hoc tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CoQ10 supplementation significantly improved all evaluated post-thaw parameters (p < 0.001). The C4 group exhibited the highest <i>HSP70</i> expression (3.19 ± 0.08), representing approximately a 6.5-fold increase over the control, together with the highest MMP (56.91 ± 4.21%) and sperm viability (64.37 ± 6.58%). In contrast, the lowest MDA concentration was observed in C2 (8.20 ± 3.27 ng/µL), whereas the control group showed the highest lipid peroxidation (28.80 ± 1.38 ng/µL). These findings indicate a dose-dependent but non-linear antioxidant response, with higher CoQ10 concentrations preferentially supporting mitochondrial integrity and cellular stress adaptation rather than maximally suppressing lipid peroxidation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation of Extender A with CoQ10 effectively enhanced post-thaw quality of PE goat spermatozoa by preserving mitochondrial function, improving sperm viability, and upregulating <i>HSP70</i> gene expression. Although 10 mg/dL most effectively reduced lipid peroxidation, 40 mg/dL provided the most favorable overall cryoprotective","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3443-3456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fermented potato protein supplementation on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations, skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA expression, and the interval to first postpartum estrus in tropical crossbred dairy cows.","authors":"Somchai Sajapitak, Sittipoj Krasaesub, Pongpak Intaravichai, Supot Awsakulsuddhi, Techaphon Songphasuk, Narut Thanantong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3608-3620","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3608-3620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Metabolic adaptation during the transition period is a major determinant of reproductive performance in dairy cows. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a key regulator of the somatotropic axis, links nutritional status with endocrine function and postpartum reproductive recovery. Fermented potato protein (FPP), a value-added agro-industrial by-product, has improved protein digestibility and may contain bioactive compounds that modulate metabolic pathways. However, its effects on endocrine regulation and reproductive performance in tropical crossbred dairy cattle remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FPP supplementation on serum IGF-1 concentrations, skeletal muscle <i>IGF-1</i> mRNA expression, and the interval from calving to first postpartum estrus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, ten clinically healthy <i>Bos taurus</i> × <i>Bos indicus</i> crossbred dairy heifers were randomly assigned to either a control group or an FPP-supplemented group (30 g/head/day; n = 5/group) for 45 days. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas skeletal muscle <i>IGF-1</i> mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In Experiment 2, twenty-four transition dairy cows (parity 1-2; n = 12/group) received either the basal diet or FPP supplementation from 3 weeks prepartum to 6 weeks postpartum. The interval from calving to first postpartum estrus was monitored using an automated pedometer and confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FPP supplementation significantly increased serum IGF-1 concentrations on day 30 (17.97 ± 4.93 vs. 7.82 ± 0.87 ng/mL; p = 0.016) and day 45 (18.45 ± 4.13 vs. 7.72 ± 0.75 ng/mL; p = 0.016), whereas no significant differences were observed on days 0 and 15 (p > 0.05). Skeletal muscle <i>IGF-1</i> mRNA expression did not differ between groups (0.82 ± 0.07 vs. 0.84 ± 0.14; p = 0.90). Cows supplemented with FPP exhibited a numerically shorter interval from calving to first postpartum estrus than controls (43.83 ± 2.40 vs. 50.00 ± 2.06 days), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FPP supplementation increased circulating IGF-1 concentrations without altering skeletal muscle <i>IGF-1</i> mRNA expression, suggesting that its biological effects are mediated primarily by systemic endocrine regulation rather than by local tissue-specific mechanisms. Although improvement in postpartum reproductive recovery was not statistically significant, the concurrent increase in circulating IGF-1 and shorter estrus interval indicate that FPP may represent a sustainable nutritional strategy for improving metabolic adaptation in tropical dairy cattle. Larger studies are warranted to confirm its reproductive benefits and establish its role in pre","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3608-3620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced susceptibility to triclosan and proposed epidemiological cut-off values for disinfectants and heavy metals in Escherichia coli isolated from Thai tilapia farms: Implications for One Health antimicrobial resistance surveillance.","authors":"Varangkana Thaotumpitak, Jarukorn Sripradite, Saran Anuntawirun, Nawaphorn Roongrojmongkhon, Woranich Hinthong, Saharuetai Jeamsripong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3836-3849","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3836-3849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Tilapia aquaculture systems may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) because continuous exposure to antibiotics, disinfectants, and heavy metals can select for resistant bacterial populations. Although <i>Escherichia coli</i> is widely recognized as an indicator organism for monitoring environmental AMR, information on reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and heavy metals in Southeast Asian aquaculture remains limited. Furthermore, epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) for these agents have not been established for <i>E. coli</i> isolated from Thai tilapia farms. This study aimed to characterize the susceptibility of <i>E. coli</i> isolates to disinfectants and heavy metals, propose ECOFFs, and investigate biofilm formation and resistance determinants to improve understanding of AMR ecology in tilapia aquaculture.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 333 <i>E. coli</i> isolates recovered from fish (n = 251) and cultivation water (n = 82) were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for five disinfectants and three heavy metals were determined using the agar dilution method, and ECOFFs were estimated using ECOFF Finder software. Biofilm formation was quantified using the tissue culture plate assay. We detected disinfectant- and heavy metal resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Principal component analysis was used to classify isolates according to resistance gene profiles, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the presence of the class 1 integron gene (<i>int1</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A bimodal minimum inhibitory concentration distribution was observed for triclosan, supporting an ECOFF of 0.004 µg/mL; 52.6% of isolates exceeded this value, indicating a non-wild-type population with reduced susceptibility. In contrast, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine (CHX), glutaraldehyde, and nitrilotriacetic acid exhibited unimodal distributions consistent with wild-type susceptibility. Among heavy metals, isolates were most susceptible to silver nitrate (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)₅₀ = 16 µg/mL), whereas higher MIC₅₀ values were observed for copper sulfate (CuSo<sub>4</sub>) and zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>). Most isolates (87.7%) exhibited weak biofilm formation, while strong biofilm producers were uncommon and predominantly recovered from cultivation water. Chromosomally encoded efflux pump genes, particularly <i>ydgE</i> (97.9%) and <i>mdfA</i> (92.8%), predominated, whereas plasmid-mediated disinfectant resistance genes were infrequent. Principal component analysis identified four distinct resistance gene clusters, and logistic regression demonstrated significant associations between <i>int1</i> and several antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study proposes the first ECOFFs for triclosan, selected disinfectants, and heavy ","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3836-3849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid use and perioperative pain management practices in dogs and cats in Latvia: A national survey highlighting regional disparities and generational differences.","authors":"Laura Voiko, Liga Kovalcuka, Armands Vekšins","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3668-3682","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3668-3682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Effective pain management is fundamental to animal welfare and successful perioperative care. Although multimodal analgesia incorporating opioids is considered the standard of care in companion animal practice, opioid availability and clinical use vary considerably among countries because of differences in regulations, access, and professional training. Information regarding opioid prescribing and pain management practices in the Baltic region is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate opioid availability, opioid use patterns, perioperative pain management practices, and pain assessment approaches among veterinarians in Latvia, with particular emphasis on regional disparities, surgical activity, and generational differences in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A national cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured online questionnaire comprising 24 multiple-choice items distributed to licensed veterinarians in Latvia between December 2023 and January 2024. The questionnaire collected information on respondent demographics, opioid availability and use, perioperative analgesic practices, pain assessment methods, adverse effects, and factors influencing opioid selection. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test, whereas relationships between professional experience and opioid availability were examined using Spearman's rank correlation and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 veterinarians completed the survey, representing 10.4% of registered Latvian Veterinary Association members. Opioids were used routinely in 80.0% of practices, most commonly in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as part of multimodal analgesia. Butorphanol and buprenorphine were the most widely available opioids, whereas fentanyl and methadone availability was significantly associated with higher surgical caseloads (p < 0.01). Fentanyl availability was greatest in Rīga and surrounding regions but was absent in Latgale, demonstrating marked regional disparities. Veterinarians with fewer years of professional experience reported significantly greater access to fentanyl and more frequent use of standardized pain assessment tools. Opioid selection generally reflected perceived pain severity, with butorphanol preferred for mild pain, buprenorphine for moderate pain, and fentanyl and methadone for severe pain. Despite widespread opioid adoption and positive attitudes toward analgesia, only one-third of respondents routinely used validated pain scoring systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first national overview of opioid use and perioperative pain management practices among companion animal veterinarians in Latvia and the Baltic region. The findings demonstrate broad adoption of evidence-based multimodal analgesia whil","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3668-3682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible coatings and films in meat preservation: Materials, functional mechanisms, and technological challenges.","authors":"Bima Putra Pratama, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Saifur Rehman, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Erfina Febrianti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3311-3336","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3311-3336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3311-3336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of canine parvovirus-2c in domestic cats and adaptive evolution of the NS1 gene: Molecular epidemiology of feline parvoviruses in Northern Vietnam (2022-2025).","authors":"Hai Minh Tran, Giang Huong Thi Tran, Thiet Chi Ngo, Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn, Hieu Van Dong","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3415-3431","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3415-3431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Feline parvovirus (FPV) remains one of the most important viral pathogens affecting domestic cats worldwide and continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective vaccines. Information regarding the molecular epidemiology, full-length <i>VP2</i> and <i>NS1</i> gene characteristics, evolutionary dynamics, and circulation of canine parvovirus (CPV) variants in cats remains limited in Vietnam. Therefore, this study investigated the epidemiological, molecular, and evolutionary characteristics of feline parvoviruses circulating in domestic cats in Northern Vietnam between 2022 and 2025.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study was conducted using 244 rectal swab samples collected from healthy and clinically affected domestic cats in Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, and Ninh Binh provinces during 2022-2025. Viral DNA was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting the <i>VP2</i> gene. Nine representative positive samples were subjected to sequencing of the full-length <i>VP2</i> and <i>NS1</i> genes. Phylogenetic relationships, nucleotide identity, amino acid substitutions, recombination events, and natural selection profiles were analyzed using established bioinformatics tools. Associations between epidemiological variables and FPV positivity were evaluated using Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven of 244 samples (4.51%) were positive for parvovirus DNA. Cats younger than 12 months exhibited significantly higher infection rates than older cats (p < 0.05), whereas breed, sex, and health status were not significantly associated with viral detection. The <i>VP2</i> and <i>NS1</i> genes exhibited high nucleotide conservation, with identities ranging from 97.72%-100% and 98.20%-99.90%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that seven isolates clustered with Asian FPV lineages, whereas two isolates grouped within the CPV-2c lineage, providing molecular evidence of CPV-2c infection in domestic cats. No recombination events were detected in either gene. Evolutionary analyses identified two positively selected sites within the NS1 protein together with numerous negatively selected sites, indicating predominantly purifying selection with localized adaptive evolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FPV remains actively circulating among domestic cats in Northern Vietnam, with highly conserved <i>VP2</i> and <i>NS1</i> genes. The detection of CPV-2c in cats provides evidence of interspecies viral circulation and highlights the importance of integrated molecular surveillance. The observed adaptive evolution within the NS1 protein improves current understanding of parvovirus evolution and provides valuable baseline information for future epidemiological investigations, vaccine monitoring, and disease control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3415-3431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated renal histopathology, RNA decay, and protein degradation signatures enhance post-mortem interval prediction using machine-learning models in a veterinary forensic rat model.","authors":"Om Prakash Choudhary, Albiruni Haryo, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3432-3442","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3432-3442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Accurate estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is essential in veterinary forensics for reconstructing events surrounding death and supporting legal, welfare, and biosecurity investigations. Traditional methods relying on gross and histological changes are often subjective and highly influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to develop a multimodal molecular approach by integrating renal histopathological autolysis scoring, RNA decay profiles, and protein degradation kinetics, then comparing classical regression with machine-learning models for PMI prediction in a controlled rat model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Kidneys were collected from adult male Wistar rats at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-mortem under controlled 25°C conditions. Histopathological autolysis was scored on a 5-point ordinal scale. RNA degradation was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for heat shock protein 70 (<i>HSP70</i>), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH)</i>, and <i>18S rRNA</i>. Protein degradation was evaluated by Western blotting for <i>HSP70</i>, Caspase-3, and LC3. Integrated datasets were used to build and compare multiple linear regression, random forest, and support vector regression models using leave-one-out cross-validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Autolysis scores increased progressively from 1.2 ± 0.2 at 0 h to 4.7 ± 0.5 at 48 h. RT-qPCR cycle threshold values increased steadily for all RNA targets. Protein markers exhibited distinct kinetics: <i>HSP70</i> declined continuously, Caspase-3 peaked at 12 h, and LC3-II plateaued after 24 h. Support vector regression achieved the best performance (mean absolute error of 0.75 h, root mean square error of 1.40 h, R² of 0.99, and 92% of predictions within ±3 h), outperforming random forest and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating renal histopathology, RNA decay, and protein degradation signatures with machine-learning models, particularly support vector regression, enables accurate PMI prediction under controlled conditions. This multimodal framework offers a promising template for advancing molecular veterinary forensic science, though validation under variable field conditions is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3432-3442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovariocytotoxic serum enhances humoral innate immunity and reproductive performance in Kazakh Merino ewes: A controlled field study.","authors":"Yerganat Korabayev, Abylai Sansyzbay, Kuandyk Shynybayev, Zhuldyzay Kenzhebekova, Khudaibergen Azizov, Almira Ilimbayeva, Ryskeldi Bazarbayev, Askar Terlikbaev, Markhabat Batyrkhanov, Saltanat Nussupova, Assel Zhylgeldiyeva, Ainur Dzhangabulova","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3850-3863","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3850-3863","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aim: &lt;/strong&gt;Improving reproductive efficiency is a major objective in sheep production because increased lamb output directly enhances flock productivity and economic returns. Ovariocytotoxic serum (OCS), an organ-specific hyperimmune preparation produced against ovarian tissue antigens, has been proposed as a biological alternative to conventional hormonal reproductive management. However, its effects on innate humoral immunity and reproductive performance in sheep remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the effects of OCS administration on hematological and humoral immune parameters, estrus and insemination dynamics, and reproductive outcomes in Kazakh Merino ewes under field conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A controlled, non-randomized field study was conducted during the breeding season using 200 clinically healthy Kazakh Merino ewes allocated into an OCS-treated group (n = 100) and an untreated control group (n = 100). Treated ewes received two subcutaneous OCS injections before the planned insemination campaign. Hematological indices and serum lysozyme, bactericidal, and complement activities were evaluated in a laboratory subset of 20 ewes per group at five sampling points. Estrus detection, artificial insemination, lambing performance, twinning rate, lamb output, and lamb survival were recorded. Reproductive outcomes were analyzed using Fisher's exact test or chi-square test, and effect estimates were expressed as relative risk (RR), odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval (CI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;OCS administration was associated with descriptive increases in humoral innate immune parameters. Mean lysozyme activity increased from 29.1% to 37.3%, bactericidal activity from 49.4% to 58.8%, and complement activity from 19.8% to 21.6% around estrus. By day 25 of the insemination campaign, 93.0% of OCS-treated ewes had exhibited estrus and been inseminated compared with 46.0% of controls (RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.62-2.52; p &lt; 0.0001), reducing the insemination period from 21 to 14 days. Twin lambings were significantly more frequent in the OCS group (32.0% vs. 14.0%; RR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.30-4.02; p = 0.004), increasing lamb output from 104 to 129 lambs per 100 ewes. Although lambing rate was numerically higher following OCS treatment (97.0% vs. 90.0%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.082).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;OCS administration was associated with enhanced humoral innate immune responses, accelerated estrus and insemination dynamics, increased twinning rate, and greater lamb production in Kazakh Merino ewes. These findings support the potential of OCS as a hormone-sparing biological approach for improving reproductive efficiency under field conditions. Nevertheless, randomized placebo-controlled multicenter studies with comprehensive endocrine, immunological, and long-term safety evaluations are required before routine applic","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3850-3863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella Abortusequi-associated abortions in horses: Global epidemiology, diagnostic advances, prevention, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging control strategies.","authors":"Temirlan Bakishev, Zhassulan Baibolin, Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov, Sergey Borovikov","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3498-3521","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3498-3521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3498-3521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community dissemination of blaCTX-M-dominant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli with widespread multidrug resistance in domestic cats from Ecuador: A One Health molecular epidemiological study.","authors":"Morales Gerardo, Sánchez Raquel, Gualán Karen, Vitonera Rogel, González Janzel, Luna Johon, Ponce Natasha, Alejandro Ronny, Sánchez Robert","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3595-3607","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2026.3595-3607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> represents an increasing One Health threat because of its dissemination among humans, animals, and the environment and its frequent association with multidrug resistance (MDR). Companion animals may serve as reservoirs of clinically important resistant bacteria; however, molecular epidemiological information on ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in domestic cats from Ecuador remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, β-lactamase gene distribution, and potential risk factors associated with ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> carriage in domestic cats from Machala, Ecuador.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to August 2024 involving 199 domestic cats presented to the Veterinary Clinic of the Universidad Técnica de Machala. Rectal swabs were cultured on CHROMagar™ ESBL, and ESBL production was phenotypically confirmed using the double-disk synergy test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 agents was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect , , and . MDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one antimicrobial agent in three or more categories. Risk factor associations were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> was detected in 83 of 199 cats, corresponding to a prevalence of 41.7% (95% confidence interval: 35.1-48.7). The gene predominated in 60/83 isolates (72.3%), followed by in 19/83 (22.9%) and in 1/83 (1.2%). At least one targeted gene was detected in 64/83 isolates (77.1%), whereas 19/83 phenotypically positive isolates lacked all three targeted genes. MDR was observed in 74/83 isolates (89.2%). All isolates remained susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, whereas the highest resistance rates were recorded for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, cefepime, levofloxacin, and doxycycline. None of the evaluated risk factors was significantly associated with ESBL gene positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Domestic cats in Machala showed a high prevalence of -dominant, multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>. These findings indicate widespread community dissemination and support the inclusion of companion animals in Ecuadorian antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship programs under a coordinated One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"19 8","pages":"3595-3607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}