Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Hematological changes in anemic dairy calves treated with a hematinic complex.","authors":"Roberto González-Garduño, Fleider Leiser Peña-Escalona, Rocío Hernández-Díaz, Carlos Luna-Palomera, Ema de Jesús Maldonado-Siman, Ever Del Jesus Flores-Santiago, Alfonso J Chay-Canul","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.994-1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.994-1001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Weaning is a critical period in calf development, particularly under tropical conditions where nutritional stress and parasitic infestations can precipitate anemia. Anemia compromises growth and survival; yet, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of hematinic therapy in anemic calves before weaning in tropical systems. This study aimed to assess hematological responses in anemic dairy calves treated with a hematinic complex and to establish anemia thresholds based on hematological indices in healthy calves raised under tropical conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 22 Holstein × Zebu calves were studied from January to April 2024 in Tabasco, Mexico. Calves were grouped as healthy (n = 10; hematocrit [HCT] >24%) or anemic (n = 12; HCT <24%). The anemic group received an intramuscular hematinic complex for 5 consecutive days and three additional doses at day 42. Hematological parameters were measured every 21 days using an automated analyzer. Anemia thresholds were defined from the healthy group using mean ± 2 standard deviations. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures design over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anemia thresholds were determined as HCT <21.3%, hemoglobin (HGB) <7.5 g/dL, and red blood cell (RBC) <5.4 × 10⁶/µL. At baseline, anemic calves exhibited significantly lower HCT (21.4%), HGB (6.9 g/dL), and RBC (5.9 × 10⁶/µL) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Three calves presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia and one with macrocytic anemia. By day 42, hematinic-treated calves surpassed the anemia threshold, reaching an HCT of 25%, and further increased to 30% following the second treatment. HGB and RBC levels also improved, showing no significant differences from healthy calves at study end. Males responded more robustly to treatment than females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of a hematinic complex effectively restored hematological parameters in anemic calves within 42 days, with sustained improvement following a second application. This intervention is recommended as part of pre-weaning health protocols to mitigate anemia-related growth setbacks in tropical cattle systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"994-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical comparison of the non-locking bone plate, locking bone plate, and double-rod clamp internal fixation in a canine femoral model.","authors":"Rutjathorn Maneewan, Nattapon Chantarapanich, Takuma Morimoto, Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.773-781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.773-781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine femoral fractures are prevalent in veterinary medicine, necessitating effective fixation methods to ensure stability and promote healing. Conventional bone plate fixation methods, including non-locking and locking plates, have inherent limitations, such as periosteal damage and mechanical failure. This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical performance of three fixation methods - non-locking bone plates, locking bone plates, and a novel double-rod clamp internal fixation system - using finite element analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A computed tomography-based canine femur model was created to simulate a midshaft commin-uted fracture with a 20 mm gap. Three fixation configurations were modeled: A non-locking bone plate, a locking bone plate, and a double-rod clamp system. FEA was performed to assess implant stress and proximal fragment displacement under physiological axial loading. Mesh refinement and multiple loading conditions were incorporated to enhance computational accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The non-locking bone plate exhibited the highest implant stress (1160.22 MPa), surpassing the material yield strength and indicating a risk of mechanical failure. The double-rod clamp system demonstrated lower stress (628.34 MPa), whereas the locking bone plate had the lowest stress (446.63 MPa). Proximal fragment displacement was highest in the non-locking bone plate (2.37 mm), followed by the double-rod clamp system (0.99 mm), with the locking bone plate exhibiting the least displacement (0.34 mm), suggesting superior stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The double-rod clamp system emerged as a promising alternative, offering a balance between stability and stress distribution while minimizing periosteal damage. While the locking bone plate provided the greatest stability, the double-rod clamp fixation demonstrated favorable mechanical properties and could serve as a cost-effective and minimally invasive alternative in veterinary orthopedics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"773-781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminal digestion, gastrointestinal microbial profile, and metabolic pathways after the introduction of silicon-containing ultrafine particles into bull.","authors":"Elena Sizova, Elena Yausheva, Sergey Miroshnikov, Aina Kamirova, Daniil Shoshin","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1070-1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1070-1081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to enhance livestock productivity and sustainability. Silicon-containing ultrafine particles (UFPs) have shown potential benefits in animal nutrition, yet their effects on gastrointestinal microbial composition and ruminal digestion in cattle remain poorly understood. This study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with silicon-containing UFPs on ruminal digestibility, bacterial taxonomic structure, and predicted metabolic functions in the gastrointestinal microbiota of cattle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 42-day controlled feeding experiment was conducted on 20 Kazakh white-headed bulls (12 months old, 305 ± 10.4 kg), divided into control and experimental groups (n = 10 each). The experimental group received a diet supplemented with SiO₂ UFPs (2 mg/kg feed). Digestibility coefficients were measured using standard methods, and ruminal fluid samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes -based functional profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UFP supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter (3.5%), crude fiber (3.5%), crude protein (5.2%), and organic matter (8.11%) compared to the control group. The experimental group exhibited elevated relative abundances of <i>Prevotellaceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Oscillospiraceae</i>, and genera <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, and <i>Selenomonas</i>. Functional prediction analysis revealed higher proportions of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., starch, galactose, and amino sugar pathways), lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and the biosynthesis of key vitamins and cofactors. Microbial diversity metrics (Chao1, Shannon) indicated significant changes in alpha diversity, with moderate shifts in beta diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary inclusion of silicon-containing UFPs enhances nutrient digestibility and induces favorable modifications in the ruminal microbiota, including functional pathways linked to energy and macronutrient metabolism. These findings support the integration of nanotechnology-based feed additives in cattle nutrition to improve feed efficiency, productivity, and potentially reduce environmental impacts such as methane emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1070-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat stress on egg performance in laying hens under hot and humid conditions.","authors":"Suchawadee Tesakul, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Yukio Morita, Warangkana Kitpipit","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.851-858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.851-858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Egg production is a critical indicator of reproductive efficiency in laying hens. High environmental temperatures and humidity expose laying hens to heat stress, adversely affecting egg production, egg quality, feed intake, blood chemistry, health, and behavior. Despite the global economic significance of egg production, research on the impact of heat stress in tropical climates, particularly in locally adapted breeds, remains limited. This study investigates the effects of heat stress on egg production in a new synthetic breed of laying hens raised under hot and humid conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study utilized secondary data from the Ligor chicken development project, covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2023. A total of 1293 daily records of egg production from 872 laying hens, aged between 20 and 70 <i>week</i>s, were analyzed. Egg production parameters, including hen day production (HDP) and average egg weight (AEW), were recorded daily. Environmental data, including temperature and humidity, were collected at hourly intervals using a data recorder. The heat stress index (HSI) was calculated based on temperature and relative humidity values. Statistical analyses, including regression modeling, were performed to assess the relationship between HSI and egg production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that heat stress negatively impacted egg production. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between HSI and both HDP and AEW (p < 0.05). For each unit increase in HSI, HDP decreased by 1.29%, and AEW declined by 0.18 g. These results indicate that heat stress adversely affects the productivity of laying hens in tropical climates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heat stress significantly reduces egg production and egg weight in laying hens under hot and humid conditions. The findings highlight the need for adaptive breeding strategies and improved environmental management to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress. Future research should focus on genetic selection for heat resistance and the integration of precision farming techniques to optimize poultry production in tropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"851-858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Pacific white shrimp immunity against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> through β-glucan supplementation from marine diatoms.","authors":"Chettupon Pooljun, Pitchanee Jariyapong, Patcharapon Laksana-Aut, Ikuo Hirono, Suwit Wuthisuthimethavee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1047-1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1047-1058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) is a principal species in global aquaculture. However, outbreaks of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, the etiological agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), cause substantial economic losses. β-glucans derived from marine diatoms, <i>Chaetoceros muelleri</i> (CH) and <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i> (TH), have shown potential as immunostimulants to enhance shrimp resistance to pathogenic infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of β-glucans derived from CH, TH, and their combination on growth performance, immune responses, and survival of <i>P. vannamei</i> and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms through transcriptomic and gene silencing approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Juvenile shrimp were assigned to four dietary groups for 30 days: Control (β-glucan-free), β-glucan from CH, TH, and a mixture of both (CH and TH) (CHTH). Growth performance, total hemocyte count (THC), and survival rate were evaluated. RNA-seq was performed on hepatopancreas samples after 14 days to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key immune-related DEGs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Functional analysis of the <i>lysozyme</i> (<i>Lyz</i>) gene was conducted through RNA interference (RNAi), followed by <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> challenge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CHTH diet group exhibited significantly enhanced growth metrics and the highest survival rate. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1,902 DEGs in the CHTH group compared to control, with 915 upregulated and 987 downregulated genes. qRT-PCR validated the expression trends of selected immune-related genes, notably <i>Lyz</i>, which showed robust upregulation. RNAi-mediated <i>Lyz</i> knockdown reduced survival upon bacterial challenge, confirming its role in β-glucan-induced immunity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>β-glucans derived from CH and TH, particularly in combination, significantly enhance growth performance and immunocompetence in <i>P. vannamei</i>. These findings underscore the potential of marine diatom-derived β-glucans as viable immunostimulants to mitigate AHPND in shrimp aquaculture, offering a sustainable alternative to antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1047-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable replacement for marine fish in Asian swamp eel diets.","authors":"Yifan Xiang, Shaoqi Gao, Yanhui Luo, Gaojian Tang, Xiuwei Zou, Kai Xie, Wenjie Niu, Xinyi Li, Junan Xiang, Ling Zhang, Zhu Tan, Xiaoyu Zeng, Bo Wang","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1002-1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1002-1013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fermented black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have emerged as a sustainable and economically viable protein source in aquaculture. However, their potential as a replacement for marine fish in the diets of Asian swamp eels (<i>Monopterus albus</i>, ASEs) remains underexplored. This study assessed the effects of partially substituting marine fish with fermented BSFL on ASE growth performance, intestinal development, and hepatic health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 480 ASEs were randomly assigned to four dietary groups: control (40% marine fish), BSFL34 (13.4% BSFL), BSFL61 (24.1% BSFL), and BSFL82 (32.8% BSFL), replacing marine fish on a dry matter basis. All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Fish were reared in net cages for over 90 days, and parameters including survival rate, growth metrics, muscle and liver histology, intestinal morphology, gene expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), and inflammatory protein levels (Western blotting) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survival rate was significantly higher in the BSFL61 group (p < 0.05). Growth performance was not impaired across BSFL-fed groups, although BSFL61 showed reduced body weight compared to BSFL82 (p < 0.05). Muscle fiber size, satellite cell number, and muscle triglyceride (TG) content remained unchanged. BSFL82 showed increased hepatic TG accumulation (p < 0.05) and reduced liver fibrosis, while BSFL61 exhibited a significantly lower hepatosomatic index and increased fibrosis. Intestinal villus height was reduced in BSFL34 and BSFL61, while goblet cell density increased in all BSFL groups. Notch1 expression was upregulated in BSFL61 and BSFL82, whereas ctnnb1 and wnt5a were downregulated. Inflammatory markers nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-1 beta were elevated in BSFL-fed groups, indicating an activated mucosal immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partial replacement of marine fish with fermented BSFL enhanced ASE survival, modulated intestinal immunity, and improved mucosal barrier function, without compromising overall growth performance. However, excessive inclusion may induce hepatic lipid accumulation and affect intestinal morphology. These findings support the use of fermented BSFL as a sustainable aquafeed ingredient, though inclusion levels should be carefully optimized to balance health benefits and growth efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1002-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of probiotic-supplemented water on the performance and physiological responses of broilers under normal and heat stress conditions.","authors":"Rahaf Istiteh, Mohannad Abuajamieh, Mohmmad Al-Qaisi, Mohamed A Abedal-Majed, Anas Abdelqader","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1059-1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1059-1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Heat stress (HS) significantly compromises broiler performance, intestinal health, and immune responses, posing a growing threat under climate change. Probiotics (PROs) have been proposed as a nutritional intervention to mitigate HS effects, yet their efficacy through drinking water remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-supplemented PROs on growth performance, physiological responses, intestinal morphology, and inflammatory biomarkers in broiler chickens under thermo-neutral (TN) and HS conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 192 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (6 replicates/group): TN with control (CON) water, TN with PRO-supplemented water, HS with CON water, and HS with PRO-supplemented water. PROs (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Bacillus pumilus</i>) were administered in drinking water at 50 mg/L from day 1 to 35. Birds in the HS groups were subjected to 3 h daily heat exposure (33°C ± 2°C) from days 31 to 35. Growth performance, physiological indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and blood biomarkers were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS significantly increased rectal temperature (Tr) (1.6°C; p < 0.01) and respiratory rate (57 breaths/min; p < 0.01). PRO supplementation reduced Tr by 0.17°C (p = 0.01) but did not affect performance metrics (feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio). HS reduced villus height (VH) and surface area in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), while PROs partially ameliorated VH under HS. No significant effects of PROs were observed on serum amyloid A or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. However, PROs tended to reduce diamine oxidase levels (24%; p = 0.09). HS also decreased albumin and glucose levels (p ≤ 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HS adversely affected intestinal integrity and selected blood metabolites. Although PRO supplementation had limited effects on performance and inflammatory biomarkers, it conferred modest thermoregulatory benefits and tended to improve intestinal permeability. Further research is warranted to optimize PRO formulation and assess synergistic strategies for HS mitigation in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of semen extenders, storage duration, and insemination timing on semen quality and reproductive performance in Palestinian Assaf sheep.","authors":"Wael Halawa, Samia Khnissi, Ikram Bensouf, Bochra Bejaoui, Hela Chalouati, Muayad Salman, Naceur M'Hamdi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.808-818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.808-818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Artificial insemination (AI) is a critical technique in sheep breeding programs, yet its success is influenced by factors such as semen quality, storage conditions, and insemination timing. This study examines the effects of different semen extenders, storage durations, and insemination schedules on semen motility and pregnancy rates in Palestinian Assaf sheep. The primary aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of three semen extenders - Andromed, Indonesian, and Syrian - on the quality of stored semen and its subsequent effect on pregnancy rates following AI. In addition, the study investigated the impact of semen storage duration and the timing of insemination post-equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injection on reproductive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Semen was collected from eight Assaf rams, diluted with one of three extenders, and stored at 4°C for up to 72 h. Sperm motility was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system at different time intervals. AI was performed on 180 Assaf ewes across three farms in Palestine, with insemination conducted at either 48 h, 52 h, or both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection. Pregnancy rates were determined through ultrasound 45 days post-insemination. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22 (IBM^® NY, USA), with p-values set at <0.05 for significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Semen motility decreased significantly over time, with total motility (TM) declining from 0.85 ± 0.01 (fresh) to 0.63 ± 0.02 after 3 days of storage. The Syrian extender exhibited superior fast motility (FM) (0.35 ± 0.01) compared to the others. Strong positive correlations were observed between TM and progressive motility (0.90, p ≤ 0.01). Pregnancy rates did not significantly differ among extenders (Andromed: 0.58 ± 0.06, Indonesian: 0.54 ± 0.07, Syrian: 0.56 ± 0.08). However, insemination performed at both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection resulted in the highest pregnancy rate (0.62 ± 0.07), while the second ejaculation showed a tendency for improved fertility outcomes (0.61 ± 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged semen storage negatively impacts motility, though the Syrian extender preserves FM better than the others. Pregnancy rates were not significantly influenced by the extender type but were optimized by insemination at both 48 and 52 h post-eCG injection. These findings highlight the importance of refining semen preservation techniques and timing AI procedures to enhance breeding success in Assaf sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"808-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study of canine distemper virus transmission from small mammals to Malayan tiger at Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu, Malaysia.","authors":"Bryan Andrew Lazarus, Muhammad Farris Mohd Sadali, Farina Mustaffa Kamal, Khor Kuan Hua, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Mohd Arifin Kaderi, Mohd Lutfi Abdullah, Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan, Hafandi Ahmad","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.791-798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.791-798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The increasing human-wildlife interface due to urbanization and agricultural expansion has escalated the risk of zoonotic and interspecies disease transmission. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a highly contagious <i>Morbillivirus</i>, has been documented in various carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. In 2019, Malaysia reported its first case of CDV infection in a wild Malayan tiger (<i>Panthera tigris malayensis</i>) named Awang Besul in Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu. However, the potential role of small mammals as intermediate hosts in CDV transmission remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of small mammals as potential reservoir hosts for CDV and to provide molecular confirmation of CDV infection in these species, thereby assessing their role in enzootic viral maintenance and cross-species transmission to apex predators like the Malayan tiger.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Wildlife sampling was conducted between July 2023 and May 2024 in Kampung Besul Lama, where CDV was previously detected in a Malayan tiger. A total of 77 small mammals from different species were captured using baited live traps. Species identification was performed based on morphological characteristics. Biological samples were collected through nasal and ocular swabs and analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect CDV RNA. Positive isolates were subjected to sequencing and Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis for molecular characterization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular detection confirmed CDV RNA in three common tree shrews (<i>Tupaia glis</i>), marking the first documented case of CDV in this species. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral hemagglutinin (<i>H</i>) gene revealed a 99.50% nucleotide similarity to a previously reported Malaysian CDV strain (BesulMY/Malaysia/PP894823.1). These findings suggest that small mammals may act as overlooked reservoir hosts, facilitating viral maintenance and spillover between domestic animals and wildlife.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of CDV infection in tree shrews, highlighting their potential role in sustaining CDV in an enzootic state and acting as a conduit for interspecies transmission. Given the critically endangered status of Malayan tigers, targeted CDV surveillance and One Health-based disease mitigation strategies are essential to prevent further spillover events that could accelerate species decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"791-798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.","authors":"Eny Martindah, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Wasito Wasito, Dyah Ayu Hewajuli, Riyandini Putri, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Andriani Andriani, Sumirah Sumirah, Andi Mulyadi, Naila Arsy Kun Azizah","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.888-895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Brucellosis, caused by <i>Brucella</i> spp., is a zoonotic disease of major public health and economic significance. In Indonesia, surveillance efforts have predominantly focused on bovine brucellosis, leaving limited data on small ruminants despite their critical role as disease reservoirs. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep and to identify potential risk factors associated with its transmission in the Jabodetabek region, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023, involving 18 herds of goats and sheep across Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. A total of 665 blood samples (355 from goats and 310 from sheep) and 112 milk samples were collected. The samples were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate seroprevalence, and a Chi-square test was employed to evaluate risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess associations between risk factors and seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The herd-level seroprevalence was 66.67% (12/18), with a mean within-herd seroprevalence of 10.39% (95% CI: 7.21-13.57). The animal-level seroprevalence was 6.17% (41/665), with the highest rates observed in Bogor City (11.89%), followed by Bekasi (8.91%), East Jakarta (8.00%), and Tangerang (4.58%). Depok City had no positive cases in serum tests, though two cases were detected through milk ELISA. Mixed-species farms exhibited a significantly higher risk of infection than single-species farms (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.66, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between goats and sheep (p > 0.05), nor between males and females (p = 0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a high seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants within Jabodetabek, with mixed-species farming identified as a major risk factor. The findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, control measures, and public health interventions to mitigate disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 4","pages":"888-895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}