Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"Hematological and mineral alterations associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle following the foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in West Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Ronald Tarigan, Denny Widaya Lukman, Hadri Latif, Herwin Pisestyani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2723-2732","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2723-2732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Subclinical mastitis (SCM) remains a pervasive and economically significant disease in the dairy industry worldwide. In Indonesia, its prevalence has been amplified by poor management and environmental conditions, with incidence further exacerbated by the 2022-2023 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the hematological and blood mineral profiles of dairy cows with varying severities of SCM in West Java, thereby identifying disease-associated alterations that may improve detection and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 155 blood samples and 620 milk samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian dairy cows across five high-density dairy regions in West Java between July and November 2024. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined using the Breed method and cows were categorized into three groups: Group A (0-100 × 10³ cells/mL), group B (100-400 × 10³ cells/mL), and group C (>400 × 10³ cells/mL). Hematological profiles were assessed using an automated analyzer, while serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated SCC was associated with significant increases in total leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes (p < 0.05), with a higher prevalence of leukocytosis (26.23%), neutrophilia (15.15%), and lymphocytosis (21.88%) observed in group C cows. Blood Ca levels increased significantly with SCC (r = 0.31, p < 0.01), despite overall hypocalcemia being widespread (44.78%-73.81%). Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit showed declining trends with rising SCC, though not statistically significant. No significant correlation was observed between SCC and P levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and Ca levels are strongly linked to elevated SCC in SCM. These blood-based parameters, particularly leukocyte and Ca profiles, show promise as alternative diagnostic indicators under low-resource conditions where SCC testing is limited. This study presents one of the most comprehensive datasets on post-FMD SCM in Indonesian dairy herds, highlighting the potential for developing low-cost diagnostic markers to enhance early detection and improve herd management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2723-2732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in bovine reproduction: Mechanistic insights, clinical applications, and translational challenges.","authors":"Teguh Ari Prabowo, Zultinur Muttaqin, Herdis Herdis, Santoso Santoso, Tri Puji Priyatno, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi, Tatan Kostaman, Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya, Santiananda Arta Asmarasari, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum, Nurul Azizah, Suyatno Suyatno","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2888-2899","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2888-2899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive problems such as infertility, endometritis, and ovarian cysts are major causes of economic loss in cattle. Traditional treatments, including antibiotics and hormonal therapies, often show limited effectiveness and raise concerns about resistance and animal health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising alternative because of their ability to regenerate tissues, modulate immune responses, and improve reproductive function. This review summarizes recent studies and consolidates emerging preclinical and clinical insights into MSC-based reproductive therapy in cattle. MSCs help repair ovarian and uterine tissues by migrating to damaged areas, reducing inflammation, releasing growth factors, and protecting against oxidative stress. Different methods of therapy, such as intrauterine infusion, intravenous delivery, and intraovarian injection, have been tested with encouraging results. For example, MSC therapy has improved pregnancy rates in cattle with endometritis and restored ovarian activity in animals with cystic ovaries. In addition to cell-based therapies, MSC-derived secretomes and exosomes demonstrate strong potential as cell-free approaches, offering regenerative effects with reduced risks. Despite these advances, challenges remain in translating MSC therapy to clinical practice. Variability in outcomes, technical expertise required for administration, and regulatory approval are major barriers. More studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols, evaluate long-term safety, and develop cost-effective strategies. Overall, MSC therapy represents a novel and sustainable approach for improving cattle fertility and herd productivity, offering an important step forward in veterinary reproductive biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2888-2899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-oryzanol supplementation enhances laying performance, egg quality, and ovarian follicular development in Japanese quails.","authors":"Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree, Wilasinee Inyawilert, Pattaraporn Tatsapong, Amornrat Wanangkarn, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet, Chompunut Lumsangkul","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2563-2572","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2563-2572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gamma-oryzanol, a bioactive compound derived from rice bran, is recognized for its antioxidant and metabolic regulatory properties. This study evaluated the effects of dietary gamma-oryzanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, blood health, and follicular development in Japanese quails (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 216 12-week-old laying quails were randomly assigned to six groups receiving -gamma-oryzanol at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/kg of diet for 7 weeks. Feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg quality traits, hematological and biochemical parameters, and ovarian follicular characteristics were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gamma-oryzanol at 0.2 g/kg significantly increased egg production (98.69%) compared to the control (86.80%). Supplementation at 0.3-0.5 g/kg improved eggshell thickness and yolk index (p < 0.05). Red blood cell counts were significantly higher at 0.4 g/kg, indicating enhanced erythropoiesis. Other hematological and biochemical parameters remained unchanged. A significant increase in small white follicle count and F3 follicle diameter was observed at 0.5 g/kg, indicating improved follicular development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gamma-oryzanol supplementation at 0.2-0.5 g/kg enhanced laying performance, egg quality, and ovarian follicle development without adverse hematological or biochemical effects. The compound shows potential as a safe and functional feed additive to support productivity and reproductive efficiency in commercial quail production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2563-2572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate evaluation of protein and energy utilization in Peruvian Guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>) under different feeding regimens.","authors":"William Armando Tapie, Carlos Santiago Escobar-Restrepo, Juan Fernando Manrique-Hincapie","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2774-2784","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2774-2784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Guinea pig (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>) production is vital for food security in Andean countries and increasingly relevant in parts of Africa. Optimizing nutrient utilization is critical to enhance productivity, farmer income, and sustainability. This study employed a multivariate approach to evaluate crude protein and energy digestibility and metabolism in Peruvian guinea pigs under different feeding regimens (maintenance, restricted, and <i>ad libitum</i>) at various ages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-two male guinea pigs were housed individually in metabolic cages and fed a pelleted diet formulated according to the National Research Council (1995) recommendations. Digestibility and metabolism trials were conducted at 52, 90, and 145 days of age across three feeding levels. Variables including dry matter intake (DMI), gross energy intake (GEI), digestible energy, metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein intake (CPI), and retained protein (RP) were measured. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering to identify intake-efficiency patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMI, GEI, and CPI increased significantly with age and feeding level, strongly correlating with body weight (r > 0.7). Protein retention efficiency (RP/CPI) was highest at maintenance feeding (83.5%) but declined to 73.6% in <i>ad libitum</i>-fed animals at 145 days, indicating protein catabolism when intake exceeded requirements. In contrast, energy metabolizability (ME/GE) peaked under <i>ad libitum</i> feeding (79.5% at 90 days). PCA revealed that PC1 (48.5% variance) was associated with intake and growth, whereas PC2 (18.1%) was linked to metabolic efficiency of protein and energy. Cluster analysis distinguished three groups by feeding level and age, confirming that higher intake reduced protein utilization efficiency despite supporting faster growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multivariate analysis demonstrated that while <i>ad libitum</i> feeding maximized growth and energy metabolizability, it reduced protein retention efficiency, emphasizing the need for balanced protein-energy ratios tailored to the physiological stage. These findings provide a framework for designing age- and intake-specific feeding strategies to enhance nutrient efficiency, meat production, and sustainability in guinea pig systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2774-2784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease in Armenia (1958-2003): Historical epidemiology, serotype dynamics, and evolving vaccination strategies.","authors":"Henrik Voskanyan, Liana Simonyan, Nelli Shahazizyan, Mariam Mirzoyan, Jon Simonyan, Tigran Markosyan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2650-2662","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2650-2662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease affecting cloven-hoofed livestock, with significant economic and trade implications. Armenia lies within the West Eurasia and Middle East epidemiological pool, where serotypes O, A, Asia-1, and occasionally SAT-2 circulate. Despite decades of control efforts, the historical epidemiology of FMD in Armenia has not been comprehensively documented. This study aimed to conduct a 65-year retrospective analysis of FMD in Armenia to characterize serotype distribution, outbreak patterns, vaccination strategies, and diagnostic advancements, and to identify priorities for progression in the progressive control pathway (PCP-FMD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from 1958 to 2023 were compiled from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) agricultural archives, national veterinary records, World Organization for Animal Health/World Reference Laboratory for FMD reports, and peer-reviewed literature. Serotype identification, outbreak frequency, and species involvement were analyzed using descriptive statistics, heatmaps, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping. Diagnostic evolution from complement fixation testing to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and viral protein 1 (VP1) sequencing was documented. Vaccination protocols were traced from early monovalent campaigns to current polyvalent strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1958 and 2023, Armenia recorded over 1 million FMD cases, with peaks in 1966 (591,820 cases) and 1973 (471,263 cases). Serotypes O, A, Asia-1, and SAT-1 were detected, with serotype O predominating. Outbreaks declined significantly after the 1980s, coinciding with mass vaccination, improved diagnostics, and targeted biosecurity measures. Notable milestones included integration of the A/Armenia/98 strain into vaccines (1999) and adoption of polyvalent vaccines containing the A/ASIA/G-VII lineage (2016). No outbreaks have been reported since 2016.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Armenia's sustained control of FMD reflects adaptive vaccination strategies, early serotype detection, and regional cooperation. Progression from PCP-FMD Stage 2 to Stage 3 will require enhanced vaccination coverage, expanded surveillance, and strengthened veterinary infrastructure. Historical lessons from Armenia's control strategies may inform FMD management in similar transboundary risk zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2650-2662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation and its association with epididymal sperm morphometrics in dromedary camels with penile and preputial pathologies.","authors":"Montaser Elsayed Ali, Ahmed Yassen M Osman, Hassan A Hussein, Mohammed A Alqahtani, Maha Abdullah Momenah, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Ragab Hassan Mohamed","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2867-2877","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2867-2877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sperm morphometry is a vital indicator of fertility, yet male germ cells are highly vulnerable to environmental toxins such as heavy metals. Dromedary camels (DCs) are frequently exposed to penile and preputial pathologies, conditions that can impair semen quality. This study aimed to assess epididymal sperm morphometric characteristics in camels with genital lesions and to explore their associations with concentrations of aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty adult male DCs (8-10 years, n = 10/group) were classified into six groups: injury-free, balanoposthitis, penile trauma, prolapsed prepuce, phimosis, and penile tumors. Blood samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Epididymal spermatozoa (caput, corpus, cauda) were evaluated for sperm length (SL), sperm head length (SHL), sperm head width (SHW), sperm head length-to-width ratio (SHL/W), and sperm tail length. Sperm abnormalities were categorized into proximal/distal cytoplasmic droplets and tail defects. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm morphometrics varied significantly with pathological status. Camels with penile and preputial disorders exhibited increased SHW in caudal spermatozoa, while SHL and SHW were reduced in caput spermatozoa (p < 0.01). The phimosis group showed fewer abnormalities and lower total abnormal sperm, whereas the penile tumor group had elevated proximal and distal defects and the highest abnormality rate. Heavy metal analysis revealed significantly increased Zn and Ni concentrations in the penile tumor group, while Mo and Pb levels showed no significant differences. Correlation analysis indicated strong associations of Al and Zn with SHW and SHL/W in caudal spermatozoa, and Ni with SHL, SHW, and SHL/W in corpus spermatozoa (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epididymal sperm morphometrics are influenced by penile and preputial pathologies and are significantly associated with Al, Zn, and Ni concentrations. These findings highlight the potential role of heavy metal accumulation in camel reproductive dysfunction and emphasize the need for monitoring environmental exposure in breeding regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2867-2877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoregulatory, physiological, and intestinal responses to functional waters in heat-stressed rats.","authors":"Amani Al-Dawood, Raneem Al-Shalabi, Hosam Al-Tamimi, Raed Halalsheh","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2761-2773","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2761-2773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Climate change and global warming have intensified the challenges of heat stress (HS) in mammals, compromising thermoregulation, hydration, and physiological stability. Functional waters such as alkaline reduced water (ALKA), Zamzam water (ZMZM), and ozonated water (OZON) have been proposed to provide therapeutic and protective benefits. However, limited research has explored their roles in thermoregulation under chronic HS. This study investigated the effects of ALKA, ZMZM, and OZON on thermophysiology, serum metabolites, and intestinal morphology in Wistar rats exposed to variable thermal climates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 180-200 g) were randomized into five groups (n = 14): Control, distilled water (DIST), ALKA, ZMZM, and OZON. The experiment lasted 71 days, consisting of thermoneutral zone (TNZ; days 0-7), HS (32.3 ± 0.8°C; days 8-35), and a return to TNZ (days 36-71). Core body temperature (Tcore) was monitored using thermal microchips and loggers. Daily water intake, body weight, serum biochemical markers, and intestinal villi morphology were evaluated. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and general linear model procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS induced hyperthermia and increased daily water intake by 69.2% across all groups. ZMZM significantly reduced Tcore, especially at night, and increased water intake during HS. OZON consumption elevated water intake during TNZ, reduced serum creatinine, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase levels, while both OZON and DIST groups exhibited elevated antidiuretic hormone levels. ALKA intake significantly reduced serum sodium+ and chloride- levels under post-HS TNZ. Histological analysis revealed that ZMZM markedly increased villus length, width, and crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, indicating enhanced intestinal absorptive capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ZMZM demonstrated superior thermoregulatory and intestinal benefits, supporting hydration, physiological recovery, and intestinal health during and after HS. OZON showed nephroprotective and metabolic modulation potential, while alkaline water contributed to electrolyte regulation. These findings highlight the potential of functional waters as supportive strategies against HS, warranting further translational studies in livestock and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2761-2773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype- and age-associated variations in non-specific agglutinins and complement components (C3 and C5a) in camels: Implications for transfusion compatibility and immune function.","authors":"Yousef M Alharbi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2811-2822","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2811-2822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Blood transfusion in camels is hindered by poorly understood blood group systems, non-specific agglutinins, and a lack of standardized cross-matching protocols. Non-specific agglutinins, primarily immunoglobulin M (IgM), can lead to cross-reactivity, while complement components C3 and C5a impact transfusion outcomes and immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate age- and phenotype-related variations in non-specific agglutinins, C3, and C5a in camels to assess implications for transfusion compatibility and innate immunity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 360 healthy male camels representing three phenotypes (black, yellow, and white) and four age groups (3-5, 5-8, 8-10, and >10 years) were sampled from slaughterhouses in Saudi Arabia. Serum agglutinin titers were determined using hemagglutination assays with heterologous red blood cells (RBCs). Heat inactivation (56°C, 30 min) and sheep RBC (SRBC) adsorption were applied to assess antibody specificity. C3 and C5a concentrations were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses employed analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Yellow camels exhibited the highest agglutinin titers (up to 1338.4 ± 119.3 against black RBCs), with significant age-related increases. White camels showed the lowest reactivity but demonstrated marked age-related increase in C3 (3.252 ± 0.578 to 4.829 ± 0.983 μg/mL) and C5a (2.776-3.525 μg/mL). Black camels displayed moderate complement levels, peaking in older animals. Heat inactivation and SRBC adsorption substantially reduced titers across all phenotypes, confirming IgM dominance. Age-related increases in agglutinins and complement components indicated immune maturation or cumulative antigen exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phenotypic and age-related immune differences significantly affect transfusion compatibility in camels. Yellow camels' high agglutinin activity poses greater transfusion risks, whereas white camels' lower reactivity and higher complement activity suggest potential as universal donors. Age-adjusted and phenotype-matched transfusion protocols, pre-transfusion heat inactivation, and monitoring C5a in older camels could enhance transfusion safety. This is the first comprehensive study linking camel phenotype and age to complement activation (C3 and C5a), providing a framework for improved transfusion practices and future genomic research into complement-related traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2811-2822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing European Union member states' progress toward antimicrobial sales reduction targets under the European Green Deal: A comparative policy and performance analysis.","authors":"Aina Muska, Irina Pilvere, Ilze Upite, Kristaps Muska, Aleksejs Nipers","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2746-2760","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2746-2760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing One Health threat driven by the excessive use of antimicrobials (AMs) in human and veterinary medicine. Recognizing this, the European Green Deal's Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy set a target to reduce veterinary AM sales by 50% by 2030 compared to 2018 levels. Understanding the performance of European Union (EU) Member States (MS) is critical to evaluate progress and identify gaps. This study assesses the performance of EU-27 MS in reducing veterinary AM sales during the progress period (2018-2022) and estimates their likelihood of achieving the 2030 reduction target.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from the European Medicines Agency (European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption) and Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Strategic Plans were analyzed. Indicators included AM sales (mg/population correction units [PCUs]), trends from 2018-2022, and national targets for CAP Strategic Plans result indicator R.43 (\"Limiting antimicrobial use\"). MS were grouped by performance level, strong, average, limited, or insufficient, using the zero unitarization method, and results were visualized with color-coded classifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2018 and 2022, AM sales for food-producing animals declined by 31% across the EU, with notable reductions in Portugal (-57%), Malta (-48%), France (-44%), and Latvia (-43%). However, sales increased in Poland (+7%) and Lithuania (+36%), and the largest absolute sales remained concentrated in Spain, Poland, Italy, and Germany (over 70% of total EU sales). PCU analyses revealed uneven intensity of AM use, with Spain and Poland showing high usage rates, while Germany and France demonstrated more efficient use. During the progress period, 20 MS were rated as strong contributors, while three MS showed limited contributions. For the target period (2023-2030), only six MS (e.g., Italy, Romania, Latvia, and Malta) are projected to maintain strong contributions, whereas seven MS, including Poland, Lithuania, and Denmark, are unlikely to achieve the target.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The EU-27 achieved substantial reductions in AM sales during 2018-2022, yet performance remains uneven across MS. While some countries have already met or are close to the 2030 target, others require accelerated policy interventions, veterinary stewardship, and stronger CAP alignment. Achieving the EU-wide 50% reduction by 2030 will depend heavily on high-consumption MS adopting best practices from leading countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 9","pages":"2746-2760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and sterilization resilience of silicone rubber bands as an alternative to suture ligation in feline orchiectomy.","authors":"Natnaree Raekriang, Panpicha Sattasathuchana, Naris Thengchaisri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2553-2562","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.2553-2562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Suture ligation is the standard technique for feline orchiectomy, but it requires surgical expertise and is time-consuming. Silicone rubber bands (SRBs), previously used in human procedures, offer a potential alternative. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of common veterinary sterilization methods on the mechanical integrity of SRBs and (2) compare the surgical outcomes of SRB versus suture ligation in feline orchiectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-eight: SRBs were randomly assigned to four sterilization groups: No sterilization (control), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, autoclaving, and hydrogen peroxide gas plasma. Bands were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation at break, and elastic modulus using a universal testing machine. Separately, 20 healthy male cats were randomly assigned to undergo orchiectomy using either SRB ligation (n = 10) or traditional suture ligation (n = 10). Surgical time, intraoperative/post-operative complications, Glasgow composite measure pain scale scores, wound healing, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were monitored for 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization preserved SRB elasticity without significantly affecting UTS, while autoclaving and chlorhexidine treatment increased stiffness and reduced elongation at break (p < 0.05). SRB ligation significantly reduced surgical time (3.06 ± 0.32 min) compared to suture ligation (4.48 ± 0.62 min; p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in post-operative pain scores, wound healing characteristics, or complication rates between groups (p > 0.05). Mild GI symptoms were observed in both groups but were not statistically different.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SRB ligation is a viable, time-efficient, and clinically comparable alternative to traditional suture ligation in feline orchiectomy. Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma is recommended for SRB sterilization due to its minimal impact on material integrity. This technique may be especially beneficial in high-volume or resource-limited settings, offering a safe, efficient approach to feline population control. Future research should evaluate the long-term biocompatibility and broader surgical applications of SRBs in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 8","pages":"2553-2562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}