Veterinary World最新文献

{"title":"A comparative study of collagen morphology and joint strength in anterior cruciate ligament repair and reconstruction models in rabbits.","authors":"Andre Yanuar, Andi Isra Mahyuddin, Nucki Nursjamsi Hidajat, Hasrayati Agustina, Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama, Nur Atik","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1313-1321","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1313-1321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair offers several theoretical advantages over reconstruction, including preservation of native proprioception and reduced donor-site morbidity. However, the current experimental models are predominantly limited to ACL reconstruction, leaving a critical gap in ACL repair research. This study introduces a novel rabbit model to evaluate osteointegration and mechanical strength at the tendon/ligament-bone interface following ACL repair and reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six male New Zealand White rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>), aged 90 ± 0 days and weighing 2.50 ± 0.20 kg, were randomly assigned to two groups: ACL reconstruction (n = 3) using the extensor digitorum longus tendon graft and ACL repair (n = 3) using the Krackow suture technique at the femoral attachment. Specimens were collected 6 weeks postoperatively for histological evaluation of Sharpey's-like fibers, immunohistochemical analysis of types I and III collagen, and biomechanical tensile testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All surgical procedures were completed without complications. Histological analysis showed greater numbers of Sharpey's-like fibers in the reconstruction group (6.33 ± 0.58%) compared to the repair group (5.67 ± 1.6%), though not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Type I collagen fibers were significantly longer in the reconstruction group in both longitudinal (3.10 ± 0.05 μm vs. 2.97 ± 0.04 μm) and transverse (1.94 ± 0.09 μm vs. 1.81 ± 0.05 μm) dimensions (p < 0.05). Type III collagen dimensions did not differ significantly. The mean tensile failure load was higher in the reconstruction group (105.96 ± 63.37 N) than in the repair group (62.56 ± 20.11 N), though this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a reproducible and cost-effective ACL repair model in rabbits and confirms that tendon-bone osteointegration occurs in both ACL repair and reconstruction. Superior biomechanical strength and enhanced type I collagen integration in the reconstruction group underscore current clinical outcomes favoring reconstruction. This model offers a valuable platform for exploring biological augmentation strategies to enhance ACL repair efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1313-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of diagnostic methods for canine Ehrlichiosis: Microscopy and RNases hybridization-assisted amplification technology compared with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"Wisut Prasitsuwan, Thanikran Suwannachote, Thirawat Sumalai, Rachakris Lertpatarakomol, Tassanee Trairatapiwan, Sakchai Ruenphet","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1214-1223","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1214-1223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Canine vector-borne pathogens, particularly blood parasites, pose significant health threats to domestic dogs, ranging from subclinical infections to severe systemic diseases. In Thailand, microscopic examination remains the standard diagnostic method, despite its limitations. This study aimed to (i) determine the prevalence of major canine vector-borne pathogens in Bangkok, Thailand during the 2024 rainy season and (ii) evaluate the diagnostic performance of microscopy and a novel RNase hybridization-assisted amplification (RHAM) test kit in detecting canine Ehrlichiosis, compared to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) gold standard.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 134 whole blood samples were collected from clinically suspected dogs. Microscopy was performed on Giemsa-stained blood smears, and the RHAM test kit was employed for nucleic acid detection. qPCR served as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of each diagnostic method were calculated relative to qPCR results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic examination revealed the following infection prevalences: <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp. (26.12%), <i>Babesia</i> spp. (4.48%), <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> (6.72%), <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. (0.75%), <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> (3.73%), and <i>Brugia</i> spp. (3.73%). Compared with qPCR, microscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 51.47%, specificity of 87.88%, accuracy of 69.40%, and precision of 81.39% for Ehrlichiosis detection. In contrast, the RHAM test kit achieved markedly higher diagnostic metrics: Sensitivity (91.18%), specificity (98.48%), accuracy (94.78%), and precision (98.41%). Notably, the RHAM kit provided rapid, user-friendly detection, approximating qPCR diagnostic performance, although its sensitivity slightly declined in samples with very low pathogen titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the continued high prevalence of Ehrlichiosis among dogs in Bangkok during the rainy season. Although microscopy remains practical, its diagnostic limitations are significant. The RHAM test kit demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity, offering a rapid and accurate alternative for Ehrlichiosis detection, particularly suitable for resource-limited settings lacking qPCR capabilities. Adoption of the RHAM assay could improve early diagnosis and management of canine Ehrlichiosis at grassroots veterinary facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1214-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial markers (<i>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I</i> and <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i>) as supporting biomarkers for wild bird identification.","authors":"Julián Marín-Villa, Albeiro López-Herrera, Daisy A Gómez-Ruiz, Diana C Restrepo-Rodas, Geraldine Sánchez-Rodríguez, Cristina Úsuga-Monroy","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1389-1399","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1389-1399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Illegal wildlife trafficking is a critical threat to biodiversity, particularly in megadiverse countries such as Colombia. Birds, notably psittacines, are among the most targeted taxa. Morphological identification is often insufficient, especially when dealing with cryptic species or degraded samples. This study aimed to assess the utility of mitochondrial markers <i>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I</i> (<i>COI</i>) and <i>16S ribosomal RNA</i> (<i>16S rRNA</i>) as molecular tools for species-level identification of psittacines housed at the Conservation Park of Medellín.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six adult psittacines from the genera <i>Ara</i> and <i>Pionus</i> were selected based on availability. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of partial <i>COI</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i> gene fragments was performed, followed by Sanger sequencing. Sequence identity was confirmed using BLASTn and the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular results showed 100% concordance with prior morphological identification for all six individuals. <i>COI</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i> sequences allowed clear species-level identification with similarity values >98%. Phylogenetic analyses for both markers yielded congruent tree topologies, with high branch support (>90%), further validating species identification. Maximum interspecific divergence for <i>COI</i> was observed between <i>Ara macao</i> and <i>Pionus fuscus</i> (0.15980), while <i>16S rRNA</i> showed lower divergence values. All generated sequences were submitted to GenBank and BOLD in accordance with findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable principles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the robustness of <i>COI</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i> mitochondrial markers in accurately identifying psittacine species. The integration of molecular and morphological approaches enhances forensic investigations, facilitates biodiversity conservation, and contributes to efforts against wildlife trafficking. Expanding genetic databases for Neotropical avifauna, especially for commonly trafficked species, is imperative. Future research should adopt integrative genomic approaches involving nuclear markers to overcome the maternal inheritance limitation of mitochondrial DNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1389-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of toxin-producing bacterial pathogens and associated risk factors in neonatal diarrhea of piglets on commercial sow farms in Vietnam.","authors":"Duy Tien Do, Tram Thi Ngoc Ngo, Huong Dieu Vu, Nhat Minh Duong, Sittikorn Traiyarach, Danh Cong Lai, Joaquin Miguel Escuder","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1288-1296","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1288-1296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Neonatal piglet diarrhea (NPD) remains a significant challenge in the swine industry, contributing to elevated pre-weaning mortality, reduced productivity, and increased economic losses. In Vietnam, despite the growing importance of commercial pig production, comprehensive studies investigating the epidemiology of NPD and associated bacterial pathogens are lacking. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> and to identify risk factors contributing to NPD on Vietnamese sow farms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 commercial sow farms across North, Central, and South Vietnam between August and December 2023. Structured questionnaires captured data on farm characteristics, management practices, and health interventions. Fecal samples from symptomatic piglets aged 1-14 days were pooled and analyzed using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect virulence genes of <i>E. coli</i> (F4, F5, F6, LT), <i>C. perfringens</i> (alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins), and <i>C. difficile</i> (toxins A and B). Logistic and ordinal regression models were applied to assess associations between risk factors and pathogen prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All farms tested positive for at least one pathogen. <i>C. perfringens</i> was the most prevalent (97.37%), followed by <i>E. coli</i> (46.49%) and <i>C. difficile</i> (39.47%). Co-infections involving multiple pathogens were common (64.91%), with <i>C. perfringens</i> consistently present in all mixed infections. Key virulence genes detected included LT (35.96%), alpha toxin (95.61%), and toxin A (20.17%). Significant risk factors included farm type, region, weaning performance, and peripartum antibiotic administration route. Notably, farms using mixed-feed antibiotics exhibited higher <i>E. coli</i> prevalence. Larger farms and those practicing early piglet relocation also showed increased pathogen diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first national-scale assessment of bacterial pathogens in NPD across Vietnamese sow farms. The findings highlight the high burden of toxin-producing bacteria, frequent co-infections, and multiple farm-level risk factors. Interventions such as targeted vaccination, optimized antibiotic use, improved weaning practices, and enhanced regional surveillance are essential for mitigating NPD impacts and improving piglet health outcomes in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1288-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of early postpartum behavioral patterns on the fertility and milk production of tropical dairy cows.","authors":"Aqeel Raza, Kumail Abbas, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai, Henk Hogeveen, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1109-1126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Early postpartum behavioral patterns are pivotal indicators of dairy cow health, reproductive success, and lactation performance, particularly under the environmental stressors of tropical climates. This study aimed to investigate how these behavioral patterns, as captured by smart biosensor data, influence reproductive outcomes, and milk yield in Holstein Friesian cows, with specific emphasis on parity differences and behavioral clustering.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 227 Holstein Friesian cows, categorized by parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), were monitored using AfiTag-II accelerometers from 3 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. Behavioral variables - activity, rest time, rest per bout, and restlessness ratio - were subjected to K-means clustering to identify distinct behavioral profiles. Reproductive performance was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, while lactation dynamics were modeled using the Wood function to estimate peak yield, peak time, and persistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct behavioral clusters were identified. Primiparous cows in Cluster 1 showed the highest early postpartum activity (~300 min/day at 5 days in milk [DIM]) and restlessness ratios, while multiparous cows exhibited more stable behavioral profiles. Cox regression suggested that cows in Cluster 0 had a higher, although non-significant, likelihood of estrus onset at 40 DIM (Hazard ratio = 1.44, p = 0.09). Lactation modeling revealed that multiparous cows in Cluster 0 attained the highest cumulative milk yield (4896.6 ± 252.1 kg at 305 DIM), while the single cow in Cluster 2 exhibited an atypical lactation curve with a delayed peak and reduced persistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum behavioral clustering reveals parity-specific lactation and reproductive trajectories in tropical dairy cows. Higher activity and restlessness ratios may delay estrus and compromise milk yield, underscoring the potential of behavioral monitoring for targeted reproductive and nutritional management. Integration of sensor-based clustering with routine herd monitoring may support early identification of cows at risk of suboptimal performance, improving reproductive efficiency and milk production in tropical dairy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1109-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker-based evaluation of aflatoxin B1 exposure in cattle.","authors":"Priyadharshini Ponnusamy, Umaya Suganthi Rajendran, Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair, Uma Sambath, Raja Kumar, Jacob Thanislass, Avinash Warundeo Lakkawar, Vijayalakshmi Padmanaban, Poobitha Subbarayan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1297-1305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in cattle traditionally relies on feed analysis, which may not reflect chronic exposure or accurately indicate individual susceptibility. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts as biomarkers for assessing individual chronic AFB1 exposure in cattle, irrespective of immediate feed contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 53 crossbred cattle from farms, clinical veterinary cases, and slaughterhouses in Puducherry, India. Feed samples (n = 40) from farm and clinical cases were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AFB1 exposure was quantified by measuring serum AFB1-albumin adducts and blood AFB1-DNA adducts using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, a novel method was developed to synthesize the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPy) adduct <i>in vitro</i> and the synthesized adduct was characterized to serve as a standard for DNA adduct quantification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AFB1 was detected in 50% of feed samples, with 70% of positive samples exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 20 μg/kg. Despite variable feed contamination, serum AFB1-albumin and blood AFB1-DNA adducts were consistently detected across all animal categories. Median AFB1-albumin adduct levels were similar among farm (0.730 pg/mg), clinical (0.670 pg/mg), and slaughterhouse (0.770 pg/mg) cattle (p = 0.731). Median AFB1-DNA adduct levels were highest in slaughterhouse cattle (18.33 pmol/μg DNA), followed by farm (14.76 pmol/μg DNA) and clinical cases (7.47 pmol/μg DNA), although differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.328). No significant correlation was observed between feed contamination levels and biomarker concentrations, highlighting the chronic nature of AFB1 exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The consistent detection of AFB1-albumin and AFB1-DNA adducts in cattle, irrespective of detectable aflatoxin levels in feed, underscores the limitations of traditional feed analysis for monitoring chronic exposure. The novel synthesis and robust detection of AFB1-FAPy DNA adducts further enhance the reliability of these biomarkers. These biomarkers are minimally invasive, sensitive, and valuable for chronic aflatoxin exposure assessment, aiding proactive management strategies to safeguard animal health and public food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1297-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovicidal effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on gastrointestinal nematodes' eggs from sheep.","authors":"Yandra Thais Rocha da Mota, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Moacir Franco de Oliveira, Ana Karolinne de Alencar França, Andressa Marcelly Silvestre Pereira, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo, Thays Vieira da Costa Monteiro, Maíra Fasciotti, Lúcio César Dantas de Medeiros, Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna Bezerra","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1156-1167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) significantly impair small ruminant production globally, particularly in tropical regions. Anthelmintic resistance due to the indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs has necessitated the search for sustainable, plant-based alternatives. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, possesses bioactive compounds with potential anthelmintic activity. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> ovicidal efficacy of eucalyptus WV and WV derived from co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with <i>Origanum majorana</i> (marjoram) against eggs of GINs from naturally infected sheep.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>WV samples were produced through controlled pyrolysis and refined through sequential vacuum distillation. Egg hatchability tests were performed using five WV concentrations (0.3125%-5% g/100 mL), with thiabendazole as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Egg counts, species identification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate structural changes. The chemical compositions of the WVs were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both WVs exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with eucalyptus WV achieving 97% inhibition at 1.25%, and the marjoram-enriched WV reaching 100% inhibition at 5%. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, furfural, thymol, and eucalyptol, the latter two being exclusive to the marjoram formulation. SEM micrographs confirmed morphological deformations in treated eggs, including loss of symmetry and membrane integrity. The synergistic interaction among bioactive components, particularly thymol, eucalyptol, and furfural, is proposed as the mechanism enhancing ovicidal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eucalyptus WV, particularly when enriched with <i>O. majorana</i> through co-pyrolysis, exhibits potent ovicidal effects against GINs in sheep. These findings support the potential use of WVs as eco-friendly anthelmintic alternatives in integrated parasite management strategies for small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1156-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and phylogenetic analysis of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Hadri Latif, Debby Fadhilah Pazra, Chaerul Basri, Dinda Iryawati, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, Puji Rahayu","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1242-1252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a prominent zoonotic pathogen with diverse virulence factors and significant antibiotic resistance, particularly in pig farming environments. Pig slaughterhouses are critical points of potential bacterial transmission to humans and the environment. Comprehensive genomic surveillance of <i>E. coli</i> in these settings remains limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic distribution, virulence gene profiles, pathotypes, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia, using whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Environmental samples, including effluent and floor swabs (n = 200), were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses. <i>E. coli</i> isolates were identified and previously characterized for antibiotic resistance. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. Bioinformatic analyses, including virulence gene detection (VirulenceFinder), phylogenetic reconstruction (RAxML), and phylogroup determination (Clermont method), were conducted to classify isolates based on pathotype and genetic lineage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven virulence genes were identified, including 46 associated with enteric pathotypes (Enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i>: 35%, enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i>: 15%, and enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 5%) and 15 linked to extraintestinal pathotypes (uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i>: 95%, and neonatal meningitis <i>E. coli</i>: 5%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five phylogroups - A, B1, D, G, and clade I - with A and B1 predominating. Most isolates (60%) exhibited a single pathotype, while a minority (5%) carried genes from multiple pathotypes. Serotypes O73, O78, and O157 were identified, with O73 being the most prevalent. No strong correlation was observed between phylogenetic clustering and virulence gene pathotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> with diverse virulence genes in pig slaughterhouses highlights significant zoonotic and environmental health risks. These findings underscore the need for enhanced hygiene practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and longitudinal genomic surveillance in Indonesian pig production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1242-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion dynamics and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> in commercial fish from the Western Pacific Ocean.","authors":"Dhito Dwi Pramardika, Fadjar Satrija, Sulistiono Sulistiono, Risa Tiuria, Arifin Budiman Nugraha","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Western Pacific Ocean hosts rich marine biodiversity, yet the parasitic infections affecting its commercial fish species remain underexplored. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, morphological characteristics, molecular identity, and ecological impacts of <i>Anisakis typica</i> infection in commercial fish from this region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between January and April 2024, 178 fish samples from 12 commercial species were collected across three geographical clusters: Sangihe Island, Kahakitang Island, and Marore Island. Fish specimens were morphologically identified and dissected for parasite detection. Morphological identification of larvae was complemented by molecular characterization through polymerase chain reaction amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>A. typica</i> infection was observed in 10.7% of the fish sampled, with moderate infection intensity. <i>Euthynnus affinis</i> exhibited the highest prevalence (41.2%) and intensity (15.4). The intestinal wall was the dominant predilection site (96.3%). Molecular analyses confirmed <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>E. affinis</i>, <i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i>, <i>Decapterus kurroides</i>, and <i>Variola louti</i>, with high genetic similarity (93.38%-100%) to isolates previously reported from China. Notably, this study provides the first documentation of <i>A. typica</i> infection in <i>D. kurroides</i> and <i>V. louti</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the ecological and zoonotic significance of <i>A. typica</i> infection in commercially important fish from the Western Pacific Ocean. The findings underscore the potential threats to marine ecosystem stability, fishery sustainability, and public health. High genetic proximity between <i>A. typica</i> isolates from Indonesia and China suggests historical host migrations, emphasizing the need for regional surveillance and integrated management strategies. Enhanced inspection practices and public awareness initiatives are crucial to mitigate the zoonotic risks posed by consuming infected fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1365-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and public health dimensions of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in bats: A One Health perspective.","authors":"Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Hani Plumeriastuti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Agus Widodo, Daniah Ashri Afnani","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","DOIUrl":"10.14202/vetworld.2025.1199-1213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> represent a major public health concern. While antibiotic resistance in clinical and agricultural settings is well documented, the contribution of wildlife, particularly bats, to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains underexplored. Bats possess unique ecological traits - such as long-distance flight, longevity, and adaptability - that facilitate their role as potential reservoirs and vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review synthesizes global findings on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolated from bats. Through a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted across five continents, we highlight the prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> in bat populations, with resistance profiles frequently including β-lactams (<i>bla</i>), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Notably, key ESBL genes such as <i>bla</i>CTX-M, <i>bla</i>TEM, <i>bla</i>SHV, and <i>bla</i>OXA have been identified in isolates from bat feces (guano), raising significant concern due to potential environmental contamination and zoonotic spillover. Risk factors such as habitat encroachment, anthropogenic waste exposure, and the agricultural use of bat guano further exacerbate the risk of ESBL transmission. Moreover, genomic comparisons suggest phylogenetic overlap between ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> from bats and those found in humans and livestock. Given these findings, bats warrant greater inclusion in One Health surveillance frameworks to trace AMR gene flow and develop targeted interventions. This review underscores the need for integrated AMR monitoring in wildlife, enhanced waste management policies, and stricter biosecurity to mitigate the public health risks associated with wildlife-origin ESBL dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23587,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"18 5","pages":"1199-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}