Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from swine and poultry farms in Cambodia.

IF 2 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Veterinary World Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2025.918-926
Bunna Chea, Sokom Kong, Sokha Thim, Naiheak Ban, Rithy Chrun, Vutey Venn, Cherry Fernandez-Colorado, Kroesna Kang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aim: The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in livestock farming has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, posing a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from swine and poultry in small- and medium-scale farms in Cambodia.

Materials and methods: A total of 638 fecal samples (273 rectal swabs from swine and 365 cloacal swabs from poultry) were collected from five provinces in Cambodia from June to September 2021. Salmonella spp. isolation followed ISO 6579:2002 guidelines, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method, adhering to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020 standards. Resistance was assessed against nine antimicrobial agents across five major classes.

Results: Overall, Salmonella was detected in 6.58% (42/638) of samples, with 6.96% (19/273) from swine and 6.30% (23/365) from poultry. Swine-derived isolates exhibited the highest prevalence in the growing stage (13.93%), whereas poultry isolates were most common in avian broilers (14.55%). High resistance was observed against β-lactams (penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin), tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, with resistance rates ranging from 73.81% to 100%. Fluoroquinolone resistance (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) was moderate (29.77%), while aminoglycoside resistance (gentamicin) was low (2.38%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns were identified in 91.30% (21/23) of poultry isolates and 52.63% (10/19) of swine isolates, with resistance spanning three to five antimicrobial classes.

Conclusion: The presence of Salmonella in Cambodian swine and poultry farms and its high level of MDR underscore the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study highlights the risk of MDR Salmonella transmission through livestock production chains, emphasizing the necessity for stringent regulatory interventions, biosecurity measures, and surveillance programs to mitigate AMR spread in animal agriculture and public health sectors.

从柬埔寨猪和家禽养殖场分离的沙门氏菌的流行率和抗菌素耐药性。
背景和目的:畜牧业中滥用抗菌素导致了抗菌素耐药病原体的出现,对公共卫生构成重大挑战。本研究旨在评估柬埔寨中小型养殖场分离的猪和家禽沙门氏菌的流行率和耐药性(AMR)谱。材料和方法:于2021年6月至9月在柬埔寨5个省共收集粪便样本638份(猪直肠拭子273份,家禽直肠拭子365份)。沙门氏菌分离遵循ISO 6579:2002指南,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法,遵循临床与实验室标准协会2020标准。评估了对五大类九种抗菌素的耐药性。结果:沙门氏菌检出率为6.58%(42/638),其中猪检出率为6.96%(19/273),家禽检出率为6.30%(23/365)。猪源分离株在生长期的流行率最高(13.93%),而禽类分离株在肉鸡中最常见(14.55%)。对β-内酰胺类药物(青霉素、阿莫西林和氨苄西林)、四环素类药物和磺胺类药物耐药,耐药率为73.81% ~ 100%。氟喹诺酮类药物(环丙沙星和诺氟沙星)耐药中等(29.77%),氨基糖苷类药物(庆大霉素)耐药较低(2.38%)。91.30%(21/23)的禽分离株和52.63%(10/19)的猪分离株存在多药耐药模式,耐药范围跨越3 ~ 5个抗菌药物类别。结论:柬埔寨养猪场和家禽养殖场沙门氏菌的存在及其耐多药的高水平突出表明迫切需要改进抗菌药物管理。该研究强调了耐多药沙门氏菌通过牲畜生产链传播的风险,强调有必要采取严格的监管干预措施、生物安全措施和监测计划,以减轻耐多药耐药性在畜牧业和公共卫生部门的传播。
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来源期刊
Veterinary World
Veterinary World Multiple-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
317
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary World publishes high quality papers focusing on Veterinary and Animal Science. The fields of study are bacteriology, parasitology, pathology, virology, immunology, mycology, public health, biotechnology, meat science, fish diseases, nutrition, gynecology, genetics, wildlife, laboratory animals, animal models of human infections, prion diseases and epidemiology. Studies on zoonotic and emerging infections are highly appreciated. Review articles are highly appreciated. All articles published by Veterinary World are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles to Veterinary World are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.
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