{"title":"Electroconductivity of Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Dry Eye Disease: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Yung-Kang Chen, Chien-Hsiung Lai, Wei-Chi Wu, Chi-Hua Wang, Ko-Ming Lin, Nan-Ni Chen, Jen-Tsung Yang, Pei-Lun Wu","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.2","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic potential of body fluid electroconductivity for dry eye disease (DED) and compare its accuracy with commonly used DED tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with dry eye (n = 36) and controls (n = 26) were enrolled in this case-control prospective study. Electroconductivity measurements were performed on blood, serum, tears, urine, and saliva. Dry eye assessments included tear film breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer test (Schirmer), with symptoms evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Blood and urine analyses were performed to assess the baseline systemic profiles of both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all body fluids, saliva (saliva electroconductivity [ESaliva]) showed the most significant differences in electroconductivity between controls and dry eye individuals (2514.02 ± 329.18 vs. 3262.00 ± 992.47 µS/cm, P < 0.001). ESaliva showed robust diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.800), comparable to TBUT (AUC = 0.693, P = 0.103) and superior to Schirmer (AUC = 0.536, P < 0.001). OSDI showed a moderate correlation with ESaliva (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), representing the strongest association, followed by TBUT (r = -0.26, P = 0.004) and Schirmer (r = -0.09, P = 0.313). Cross-validation procedure identified ESaliva cutoffs of 2373 µS/cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 2340-2456) for low-to-moderate and 2880 µS/cm (95% CI, 2845-2931) for moderate-to-high DED risk. Net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement analyses confirmed ESaliva's superior predictive ability. A single cutoff of 2880 µS/cm yielded 64% sensitivity and 89% specificity for DED prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ESaliva effectively distinguishes patients with DED and exhibits superior diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>ESaliva: offers a noninvasive and self-assessable tool for DED diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swept-Source OCT Angiography-Derived Regional Normative Data of Peripapillary Vessel Density in Healthy Populations.","authors":"Zhuoyan Yang, Ruihua Jing, Yidan Wu, Jiaxin Gao, Shiyuan Hu, Jianming Wang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.5","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of peripapillary vessel density (VD) across different regions of retinal and choroidal layers and analyze its influencing factors after axial length (AL) correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 337 eyes without significant fundus abnormalities or systemic conditions affecting blood flow. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was utilized to measure peripapillary VD and associated ocular parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VD in all regions of the choroidal layer decreased significantly with increasing AL among AL groups. In non-highly myopic eyes, VD followed the pattern temporal (T) > superior nasal (SN) > inferior nasal (IN) in the inner retina and superficial vascular complex (SVC), whereas in the deep vascular complex (DVC), it was inferior (I) > superior (S). In the choroid, VD ranked as nasal (N) > T. Highly myopic eyes showed higher temporal but lower nasal VD in the inner retina and SVC, whereas DVC exhibited the opposite trend. Choroidal VD decreased significantly across all regions, most prominently in the T hemisphere. Multivariable analysis identified age, signal strength, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as key determinants of inner retinal VD, whereas AL, signal strength, vertical cup-to-disc ratio (C/D), Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and optic disc-fovea distance (DFD) significantly influenced choroidal VD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inner retinal VD followed T > SN > IN, primarily contributed by the SVC, whereas choroidal VD followed N > T. With increasing AL, choroidal VD declined across all regions, most prominently in the T hemisphere, whereas the inner retinal VD trends varied by region and layer.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The findings of this study may contribute to the early warning of the disease and provide an important theoretical basis for the study of myopia-related microcirculatory alteration mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Park, Zachary Snow, Henry W Zhou, Rabia Karani, Vlad Diaconita, Daniel Oh, Onur Inam, Tongalp H Tezel
{"title":"Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Biomarkers Are Correlated With the Degree of Myopia.","authors":"James Park, Zachary Snow, Henry W Zhou, Rabia Karani, Vlad Diaconita, Daniel Oh, Onur Inam, Tongalp H Tezel","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.14.8.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate adaptive changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature with increasing retinal surface area in myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Widefield optical coherence tomography angiography and enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT images of the retina were used to acquire digital images of the choroidal and retinal vasculature in 32 eyes with axial myopia and 14 emmetropic control population eyes. Retinal vessel density was calculated using Otsu's method and used for quantitative comparison of retinal vascular architecture and perfusion ability with increasing retinal surface area. The choroidal vascularity index was also calculated from skeletonized 15 × 9 mm swept-source EDI-OCT images. Correlations were sought between increasing myopia and the retinal vessel density and choroidal vascularity index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased axial myopia was negatively correlated with retinal vessel density (r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with choroidal vascularity index (r2 = 0.31, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased retinal surface area in myopia results in decreased retinal vascular surface coverage. The inadequacy of retinal vascular coverage is compensated for by increased choroidal vascularity index in high myopes. This adaptive change may enable oxygen diffusion from choroidal vessels to the relatively thinner retina, thereby supplementing the oxygen needs of the inner retinal neurons.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Adaptive changes in the choroidal vessels to supply more oxygen to the inner retina can explain why myopic patients exhibit a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy and its vision-threatening complications despite being vulnerable due to inadequate retinal vascular coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalinder Sabherwal, Mohd Javed, Elanor Watts, Marzieh Katibeh, Alice Pintus, Nam Thaker, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Vince Hewitt, Darren Coverley, Nigel M Bolster, Andrew Bastawrous
{"title":"Near Visual Acuity Measurements by Community Screeners Using Digital (Peek) Testing Versus Conventional Charts in India.","authors":"Shalinder Sabherwal, Mohd Javed, Elanor Watts, Marzieh Katibeh, Alice Pintus, Nam Thaker, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Vince Hewitt, Darren Coverley, Nigel M Bolster, Andrew Bastawrous","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.24","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Peek digital near vision test has been previously validated in a trial setting; here it is assessed in clinic (stage 1) and community (stage 2) settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out in the catchment area of Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Mohammadi, Uttar Pradesh, India, with a total of 768 participants. Stage 1 assessed the interobserver variability of Peek near vision impairment (NVI) screening in 168 clinic participants, with three trained community screeners. Stage 2 compared Peek to conventional chart testing for NVI screening using Cohen's kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity and, for quantitative near visual acuity (NVA) measurement, using Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) in 600 participants with two screeners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In stage 1, interobserver variability using Peek ranged from 96.43% to 98.21% (kappa = 0.92-0.96). In stage 2, there was overall agreement in 95.8% of cases (kappa = 0.91). Peek testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.22-94.1) and 99.41% (95% CI, 97.86-99.84), respectively. For NVA testing, the 95% LoA between Peek and chart testing were within -0.11 and +0.07 logMAR. Mean test time was 40.3 seconds (95% CI, 38.8-41.7) for Peek versus 46.6 seconds (95% CI, 45.5-47.7) for a conventional chart.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The previously demonstrated validity of Peek testing was maintained when used by trained community screeners.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The Peek near vision test can be used as a validated method of NVA/NVI measurement in research, clinical and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Retinal Neurovascular Structural Evaluation in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model.","authors":"Yuxin Xue, Yingxin Yang, Zhuoluo Zhou, Ziyi Yang, Tiantian Li, Yue Yang, Tiejun Li, Shijun Chen, Yulu Chen, Qiuyan Ma","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.3","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retinal thickness and vascular changes in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rat models of CUMS (n = 11) and age-matched control rats (n = 12) were imaged by a customized SS-OCTA system. Two groups were imaged after modeling stimulation for 12 weeks. Retinal layer thicknesses were measured and compared using images and histological examinations. En face angiograms of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed for vessel density and diameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CUMS rats exhibited significant thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner retina, and total retina, particularly in the papillary and parapapillary regions and the superior and nasal quadrants. Histological analysis confirmed these findings. Vessel density reduction and vascular narrowing were evident, with SVP and ICP densities notably decreased, especially in the superior and temporal regions. Strong correlations were observed between trilaminar plexus density and inner retina thickness, particularly in SVP (P < 0.001) and ICP (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The OCTA imaging enables noninvasive visualization of neurovascular changes in rodent models, revealing retinal thinning linked to vascular degeneration, especially in SVP and ICP.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Investigating the neurovascular structural changes of CUMS rats can provide animal experimental evidence for chronic stress as the basis for the onset of various eye diseases and also provide ideas for the daily emotional management of patients with clinical eye diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun Ji Lee, Joon Mo Kim, Jiwoong Lee, Sangwoo Moon, Sang Woo Park, Mi Sun Sung, Ji-Ah Kim, Gyu-Nam Kim, Jong Chul Han, Yu Jin Roh, Dong Kyun Han, Ji Eun Song, Kyoung Min Lee, Tae-Woo Kim
{"title":"Lamina Cribrosa Steepness Index to Measure the Morphology of the Lamina Cribrosa in Myopic Eyes With Optic Disc Distortion.","authors":"Eun Ji Lee, Joon Mo Kim, Jiwoong Lee, Sangwoo Moon, Sang Woo Park, Mi Sun Sung, Ji-Ah Kim, Gyu-Nam Kim, Jong Chul Han, Yu Jin Roh, Dong Kyun Han, Ji Eun Song, Kyoung Min Lee, Tae-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.18","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To propose a new parameter for evaluating lamina cribrosa (LC) morphology in myopic eyes with optic nerve head (ONH) distortion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 169 eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and myopic ONH distortion from the Myopic NTG Treatment Study. The LC curvature index (LCCI) and the LC steepness index (LCSI) were assessed in optical coherence tomography B-scan images obtained using an enhanced-depth imaging technique. These were measured as the curvature of the anterior LC surface within Bruch's membrane opening and as the slant of the temporal anterior LC surface relative to the plane of the anterior scleral opening, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LCSI was strongly correlated with the LCCI (R2 = 0.594, P < 0.001). A larger LCSI was associated with a thinner LC (P = 0.021) and narrower peripapillary γ-zone (P < 0.001). Neither the LCCI nor the LCSI was associated with the severity of visual field (VF) damage. A thinner LC (P = 0.009), and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with worse VF mean deviation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The strong correlation between the LCCI and LCSI indicates that the latter may substitute the former for evaluating LC morphology in myopic eyes where ONH distortion blocks the visibility of the whole LC.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The LCSI may serve as a reliable biomarker for assessing LC deformation in myopic eyes with optic nerve head distortion, enhancing evaluations when visibility is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Wan, Xiaoxuan Lv, Xinya Hu, Yang Yang, Weihua Yang
{"title":"A Novel System for Measuring Eyeball Rotation Angle Based on Color Fundus Photographs in Natural Head Position.","authors":"Cheng Wan, Xiaoxuan Lv, Xinya Hu, Yang Yang, Weihua Yang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.25","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study presents an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for measuring eyeball rotation angles, which is a key symptom in assessing eye disease severity. The system aims to accurately segment the optic disc and macula, and compute the eyeball rotation angle based on these features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The system consists of three modules: optic disc segmentation, macular segmentation, and measurement. The optic disc segmentation module utilizes the Efficient-UNet3+ network to address sample imbalance and irregular edge detection of the optic disc. The macular segmentation module uses the Efficient-UNet based on Dual Attention network (DA-EUNet) to enhance macular recognition and boundary feature detection while suppressing irrelevant background interference. The measurement module calculates the eyeball rotation angle by locating the centers of the optic disc and macula and determining the angle between the line connecting these centers and the horizontal vector.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed method demonstrated high accuracy, with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 compared to expert measurements. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the AI-based measurements and expert assessments (P = 0.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This system achieves high accuracy and reliability in clinical diagnostics. The segmentation techniques used significantly improve feature recognition and segmentation performance, enabling accurate measurements of eyeball rotation.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This AI-based system bridges the gap between basic research in medical image processing and clinical care. It provides an automated and reliable tool for ophthalmologists to assess eyeball rotation, which is crucial for diagnosing eye diseases. Eyeball rotation can occur in many eye diseases or systemic diseases, and measuring the eyeball rotation angle has been a challenging issue in clinical practice. By automating this process, the system reduces the clinicians' workload and enhances diagnostic consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Berlin, Lukas Goerdt, Mark E Clark, Liyan Gao, Thomas A Swain, Gerald McGwin, Cynthia Owsley, Kenneth R Sloan, Christine A Curcio
{"title":"Advanced Analysis Tools for Two Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Xanthophyll Carotenoids: ALSTAR2 Baseline.","authors":"Andreas Berlin, Lukas Goerdt, Mark E Clark, Liyan Gao, Thomas A Swain, Gerald McGwin, Cynthia Owsley, Kenneth R Sloan, Christine A Curcio","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.14.8.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To allow exploration of xanthophyll carotenoids in vision and age-related macular degeneration progression using two-wavelength autofluorescence imaging for macular pigment optical density (MPOD), we developed tools for automatically centering and classifying the MPOD distribution pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subset of the ALSTAR2 baseline cohort (NCT04112667) and 44 eyes of adults aged 20 to 30 years with healthy maculas were imaged with optical coherence tomography and two-wavelength autofluorescence (MPOD module, Heidelberg Engineering). Images underwent a quality review. Two custom FIJI plugins centered the MPOD distribution by five algorithms (FOVEA, HILLCLIMB, CENTROID, MAX, CONTOUR). Others automatically classified spatial distributions into four patterns from Obana et al: Peak, Ring, Mixed, and Dip.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 651 qualifying aged eyes and 44 young eyes, the HILLCLIMB and CONTOUR methods best agreed with a manually determined foveal center. Regarding spatial distribution pattern, 445 aged eyes (68.4%) showed peaks, 118 (18.1%) rings, 41 (6.3%) mixed, and 47 (7.2%) dips. In young eyes, 40 (90%) showed peaks, 1 (2.3%) rings, 3 (6.8%) mixed, and none showed dips. Notably, peaks were significantly (P < 0.001) more prominent in men (74.1%) than women (65.0%) and pseudophakic (72.7%) than phakic (62.9%) eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automatic tools for MPOD centration are reliable and robust. Future studies will use the HILLCLIMB and CONTOUR algorithms.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Automated MPOD pattern assignment suggests that the spatial distribution of MPOD varies with gender, lens status, and possibly age. Our analytic software can be applied to large samples for studies of xanthophyll carotenoid impact on vision and age-related macular degeneration progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choroidal Thickness Distribution and Its Association With Axial Length and Spherical Equivalent in Schoolchildren Assessed by Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Takahiro Hiraoka, Masato Tamura, Yoshikiyo Moriguchi, Riku Kuji, Toshihiro Mino, Masahiro Akiba, Yosuke Takahashi, Kenichi Yoshino, Asaki Suzaki, Keiji Sugimoto, Tetsuro Oshika","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.14.8.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of choroidal thickness (ChT) in schoolchildren using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to investigate its association with axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 176 eyes from 88 healthy Japanese schoolchildren aged 6 to 15 years (mean age = 9.9 ± 2.4 years). Wide-field SS-OCT was used to measure ChT across a 57 degrees × 57 degrees fundus area. After excluding poor-quality images, 169 eyes were included in the final analysis. The ChT distribution was evaluated by dividing the obtained images into a 3 × 3 grid comprising 9 sections. ChT measurements were performed automatically with custom-designed software. ChT values were compared among the nine regions, and correlations with AL and SE were assessed for each grid section. Additionally, the findings in schoolchildren were compared with historical data from adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ChT values across the 9 regions ranged from 172 ± 29 µm in the nasal-inferior region to 307 ± 39 µm in the temporal region. The choroid was thicker in the temporal and macular regions and thinner around the optic disc and inferior regions. Significant negative correlations were found between ChT and AL across all regions (R = -0.50 to -0.23, P < 0.05), indicating that longer ALs were associated with thinner choroids. Similarly, significant positive correlations were observed between ChT and SE (R = 0.19 to 0.55, P < 0.05), demonstrating that higher degrees of myopia were associated with thinner choroids. Moreover, ChT in schoolchildren was generally thicker compared to that in adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a detailed analysis of ChT distribution in schoolchildren, revealing regional variability and a generally thicker choroid compared with adults. The significant correlations between ChT, AL, and SE across all regions suggest a potential role for ChT in ocular growth and myopia progression. These findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies to investigate causal relationships between ChT distribution and myopia development.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Wide-field choroidal mapping identifies early structural biomarkers for pediatric myopia progression and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Equitable Deep Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Multidimensional Retinal Imaging With Fair Adaptive Scaling.","authors":"Giuseppina Adriana Buonamassa","doi":"10.1167/tvst.14.8.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.14.8.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}