Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Axial Length-Adjusted Normative Reference Values for Retinal Layer Thickness in a Population-Based OCT Study.","authors":"Mi Yeon Song, Min Seong Kim, Mingui Kong","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.5","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish axial length-adjusted normative reference values for retinal layer thickness using population-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and evaluate their clinical implications in highly myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2021 data. Participants aged ≥19 years with reliable OCT and axial length measurements and without major ophthalmic disease were included. Sampling-weighted quantile regression adjusted for age and sex estimated axial length-specific percentiles for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and outer retinal thickness, with cluster-bootstrap 95% confidence intervals respecting the survey design. Reference values covered the data-supported range (22-28 mm). RNFL abnormality was reclassified in highly myopic eyes (axial length ≥26.5 mm; sensitivity analysis, ≥26.0 mm).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 10,062 participants were included. Between axial lengths of 22 and 27 mm, median RNFL thickness decreased significantly by 12.4 µm (13.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-13.5; P < 0.001) and GCIPL by 8.2 µm (10.1%; 95% CI, 7.2-9.3; P < 0.001), whereas outer retinal thickness decreased by only 3.2 µm (2.5%). Among 402 highly myopic eyes, the proportion with abnormal average RNFL thickness fell from 16.7% to 4.0% after axial length adjustment (51 of 67 abnormal eyes reclassified as normal), whereas the temporal quadrant showed the opposite pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retinal layer thickness varies substantially according to axial length, particularly in inner retinal layers. Axial length-adjusted normative references may improve OCT interpretation in highly myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Incorporating axial length into OCT normative interpretation may improve clinical assessment of retinal thickness in increasingly myopic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipoint Defocus Optics Technology Spectacle Lenses for Myopia Control in Children: A One-Year Interim Analysis of a Randomized Trial.","authors":"Yurui Zhang, Xiaotong Han, Ling Jin, Yi Ding, Decai Wang, Mingguang He, YangFa Zeng","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.14","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the one-year efficacy of novel partition multipoint defocus optics technology (PMDOT) lenses in slowing myopia progression, compared to lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a 1-year interim analysis of an ongoing 2-year, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial, in which 194 children ages 8 to 13 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -0.75 to -4.5 diopters (D) were randomized to either the PMDOT or HAL group. The primary outcome of the full trial was the mean between-group difference in SER change at 2 years, and the non-inferiority margin was -0.3 D. Secondary outcomes included changes in axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (ChT), and other biometric parameters, as well as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 2 years and subjective visual experience. Data from right eyes were used for the current analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 102 children in the PMDOT group and 92 in the HAL group. After 1 year, the mean ± SD changes in SER and AL were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (PMDOT vs. HAL SER -0.74 ± 0.49 D vs. -0.60 ± 0.48 D, AL 0.26 ± 0.20 mm vs. 0.19 ± 0.19 mm) based on per-protocol (PP) analysis. The between-group difference in SER change at 12 months was -0.09 D (two-sided 97% confidence interval [CI], -0.26 to 0.09). Except for the change in anterior chamber depth in the PP analysis, no significant between-group differences were observed for any secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PMDOT lenses were not inferior to HAL lenses in controlling myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This trial demonstrated the clinical potential of PMDOT lenses for myopia control in schoolchildren.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Stiffening and Hyperosmolar Stress Associate With YAP1/TAZ Activation and Ocular Surface Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu, Huijuan Chen, Kexin Li, Haoran Chen, Yang Lu, Jiaxin Han, Bin Lu, Yuzhou Wang, Xiujuan Lv, Qianwen Gong, Liang Hu","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.13","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To test whether corneal biomechanical remodeling and hyperosmolar stress activate Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling in dry eye disease (DED), and whether YAP1/transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) activity is required for ocular surface inflammation in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A desiccating stress (DS) mouse model was established using low humidity and scopolamine. Tear secretion, corneal fluorescein staining, and stromal stiffness were measured. YAP1/TAZ activity was assessed. DS mice received topical verteporfin (VP) or vehicle control. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured on substrates of defined stiffness (8, 25, and 50 kPa) and exposed to hyperosmolar medium (500 mOsm) with YAP1 overexpression or knockdown. Public single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE182582) were reanalyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DS reduced tear secretion and increased corneal fluorescein staining and central stromal stiffening. Decreased phosphorylated YAP1 (p-YAP1) and increased nuclear YAP1 indicated pathway activation. Topical VP reduced corneal injury and decreased YAP1, TAZ, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while increasing p-YAP1. In HCECs, substrate stiffness and hyperosmolar stress increased YAP1 activation and inflammatory mediator expression; YAP1 silencing attenuated these responses, whereas YAP1 overexpression enhanced them. Single-cell reanalysis showed inflammatory enrichment in squamous epithelial cells with increased YAP1/WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) expression and Hippo pathway activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal stiffening and hyperosmolar stress are associated with YAP1/TAZ activation and epithelial inflammation in DED. YAP1/TEAD inhibition in DS mice ameliorates corneal injury and inflammatory signaling, supporting functional involvement.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Pharmacologic modulation of YAP1/TEAD signaling may represent a therapeutic strategy for inflammation-dominant DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Translational Reference for Green Autofluorescence Imaging in the Rhesus Macaque Eye Using the OcuMet Beacon.","authors":"Ana Ripolles-Garcia, Jaegook Lim, Ana C Raposo, J'adore C Bailey, Karin W Handel, Meher J Khan, Lindsey R Sutton, Jennifer Yu, Emily K Dougherty, Tracy Nguyen Jaggers, Brian Lam, Yasmine N Valjalo, Rosie Thienpaitoon, Nathaly A Muniz, Elizabeth Giorgi, Carol Iveth Villafuerte-Trisolini, Karen Anderson, Nadeen Habbas-Nimer, Collin A Rich, Kurt Riegger, Ala Moshiri, Brian C Leonard, Glenn Yiu, Sara M Thomasy","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.10.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate associations between green autofluorescence (GAF) and structural and functional measures relevant to retinal and optic neuropathies, and to establish normative GAF values across the optic nerve head (ONH), macula, and papillofoveal bundle (PFB) in rhesus macaques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-two macaques with normal ONH morphology by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were included with a mean ± SD age of 12.76 ± 7.18 (range 0.11-29.39) years. The GAF images were acquired in the ONH, macula and PFB with the OcuMet Beacon. In a subset of macaques (n = 19), pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and photopic full-field ERG including the photopic negative response (PhNR) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GAF significantly increased with age in the ONH, macula and PFB. After adjusting by age, there were no sex differences, but IOP showed a positive association with macular GAF. At the ONH, higher GAF correlated with thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner and outer segment complex, and total retinal thickness. In the macula, inner nuclear layer thickness was positively associated with GAF, whereas outer plexiform layer and inner and outer segment complex were inversely associated. The PERG amplitudes inversely tracked ONH GAF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GAF rises with age and IOP, couples to retinal structure, and at the ONH, aligns with inner-retinal functional indices. This study provides a regional reference for GAF in rhesus macaques.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Normative GAF data in healthy rhesus macaques provide a framework for interpreting this noninvasive signal in translational studies of retinal and optic nerve disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FFA-SegGPT: A Two-Stage Cross-Modal AI System to Optimize the Clinical Workflow of Diabetic Retinopathy FFA Interpretation.","authors":"Fan Gan, Xian Chen, Yinan Shao, Henghui Li, Wanyun Chen, Weiguo Qin, Xin Long, Huimin Fan, Hanying Hu, Zihan Yu, Kaiwen Chen, Nuo Xu, Liping Chen, Jian Cao, Jing Li, Zhipeng You","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.16","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop an interpretable, two-stage artificial intelligence (AI) system (fundus fluorescein angiography [FFA]-SegGPT) designed to optimize the clinical workflow of diabetic retinopathy (DR) FFA interpretation and reduce the risk of factual inaccuracies common in end-to-end models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a cross-modal system that decouples lesion quantification from report generation. A segmentation module first explicitly segments non-perfusion areas (NPAs) and neovascularization (NV). These segmentation maps then serve as visual constraints to guide an evidence-based report generator, ensuring diagnostic text is strictly grounded in detected lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a simulated clinical workflow, AI-aided reporting significantly reduced mean interpretation time by 50% (from 8.13 ± 0.47 to 4.09 ± 0.21 minutes, P < 0.001) and improved median report quality (4.0 vs. 3.5, P < 0.001) compared to manual interpretation. Objectively, the model achieved high Dice Similarity Coefficients (NV = 85.35% and NPAs = 86.49%) and maintained high semantic fidelity for report generation (BERTScore = 0.91), with robust generalization demonstrated across three external cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FFA-SegGPT enhances both the efficiency and quality of DR diagnostics. By decoupling lesion quantification from report generation, the system provides a transparent, dual-output mechanism that reduces the risk of factual inaccuracies, offering an interpretable workflow to facilitate safe clinical adoption.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This interpretable AI system optimizes the clinical workflow of DR by providing verifiable lesion segmentation and automated reporting, potentially reducing clinician workload and standardizing diagnostic quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum in: Plasmin-Induced Lens Epithelial Cells Detachment for the Reduction of Posterior Capsular Opacification.","authors":"","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.15","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Classification of Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Patterns Associated With Glaucoma Severity and Progression.","authors":"Hwayeong Kim, Sangwoo Moon, EunAh Kim, Jiwon Lee, Giltae Song, Jiwoong Lee","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.25","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated the structural patterns associated with visual field (VF) progression using a novel unsupervised hybrid clustering approach that combined archetypal analysis (AA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AA was used to identify the representative structural archetypes (ATs) from 1803 wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans obtained from 1803 eyes of 1167 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, resulting in 10 distinct ATs. Subsequently, FCM was used to calculate the decomposition coefficients of each eye. A subset of 372 eyes with at least five reliable 24-2 VF tests was analyzed to evaluate the association between baseline structural patterns and subsequent VF progression. Progression was defined using three criteria: mean deviation slope, Visual Field Index slope, and pointwise linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed stage-dependent differences in archetypal expression. Greater baseline AT9 (bihemiretinal loss) was significantly associated with VF progression in glaucoma suspect eyes; greater baseline AT4 (early superior loss) and AT9 in early glaucoma; and lower baseline AT1 (normal) and greater baseline AT5 (superior hemiretinal loss) in moderate-to-advanced glaucoma. Only 4.3% of eyes met all three VF progression criteria, whereas 81.7% met none, highlighting substantial discordance among definitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the structural patterns associated with VF progression differ according to disease stage and progression criteria. Our hybrid unsupervised method offers a clinically interpretable framework that may facilitate real-time structural assessment and personalized glaucoma monitoring.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Hybrid approach combining AA and FCM visualize wide-field SS-OCT images in characteristic patterns. It enables the identification of high-risk eyes in the early phase and allows for individualized patient monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed Analysis of Intraretinal Layers and Their Correlation to Brain Structures in Normal Healthy Aging.","authors":"Jack Anthony Cipolla, Giovana Rosa Gameiro, William Tackett, Jessica Morgan, Geoffrey Aguirre, Pradip Pattany, Robert O'Brien, Hong Jiang, John A Detre, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.1","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between intraretinal layer volumes and visual cortical thickness in healthy individuals and determine the influence of age on these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-three subjects were recruited. One eye per subject was imaged using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify volumes of total retinal thickness (TRT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and photoreceptor (PR) layer. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, and cortical thickness was quantified in 13 visual cortex regions using the Schaefer 2018 atlas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRT, RNFL, and GCIPL volumes were significantly correlated with cortical thickness in multiple visual regions (r = 0.34-0.59, all P < 0.05). These associations were largely attenuated after adjusting for age. In contrast, selected RNFL and INL associations remained significant after age adjustment. OPL, ONL, and PR layer showed no significant correlations with cortical thickness. PR layer volume increased with age (r = 0.38, P < 0.01), unlike the age-related thinning observed in other layers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct retinal layers exhibit differential relationships with the visual cortex, with some associations predominantly mediated by age and selected RNFL and INL associations persisting independently of age.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Distinguishing age-mediated from age-independent retinal-cortical relationships may help identify OCT-derived retinal measures that differentiate normal aging from cerebral pathology and support their investigation as noninvasive biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS) integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Implications of the Novel Genetic Polymorphism Associated With Retinal Vein Occlusion: The East Asian GWAS Survey in a Single-Center Taiwanese Cohort.","authors":"Ching-Yun Wang, Fu-Chun Hsu, I-Chieh Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Guan-Cheng Lin, I-Jong Wang, Chia-Jen Chang, Chien-Chih Chou","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.11","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the single-nucleotide polymorphic features in an East Asian cohort of retinal venous occlusion (RVO) patients, to map pathogenic genes, and to analyze potential pathophysiological associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional monocentric cohort study involving 172 patients with RVO and 1720 control participants from the Taiwanese population from a single center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, under the framework of the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI). DNA samples were collected from a Taiwanese population under the framework of the TPMI. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) exploration was performed using PLINK 2.0. Gene mapping for the selected SNPs and functional analysis were conducted via the SNPXplorer online platform with the R packages biomaRt and clusterProfiler. Single-cell transcriptome mapping was achieved using the published Human Eye Transcriptome Atlas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report several novel RVO-associated SNPs with suggestive genome-wide association (P < 1 × 10-5), including rs16938701 (STAU2), rs76802456 (FAM189A1), rs995014 (N6AMT1), rs933813, rs6991412 (STAU2), rs79040889, and rs12524176. Among them, the STAU2 single-nucleotide variant, rs16938701, had the most remarkable association (P = 3.19 × 10-7). After mapping to the published human retina single-cell transcriptome atlas, STAU2 exhibited relatively high expression levels in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid complex, microglia, and hyalocyte among all ocular cell types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified several novel risk loci significantly associated with the occurrence of RVO and examined potential mechanistic links between specific biological processes and the pathophysiology of RVO.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>These findings provide novel insights into the genetic basis of RVO and highlight key pathways that may inform future research and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Bevacizumab From Silicone Oil-Induced Inactivation by Liposomal Encapsulation.","authors":"Sabrina Wohlfart, Niklas Junker, Hellen Gertrud Röttgen, Manuel Ben Böhmann, Victor Aristide Augustin, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Philipp Uhl, Maximilian Hammer","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.10.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.10.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Silicone oil endotamponades in retinal surgery induce aggregation and thus deactivate antibody drug formulations. Liposomes represent an approach to protect and deliver these drugs when administered intravitreally; however, their interactions with silicone oil endotamponades and their influence on encapsulated antibody agents have never been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bevacizumab was encapsulated in liposomes using dual centrifugation. Size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and ultrastructure were characterized using dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler electrophoresis, and electron microscopy prior to and after incubation with Siluron 1000 and Densiron Xtra for up to 4 weeks. The behavior of liposomal bevacizumab was assessed using fluorescent ATTO 488 labeling. The size and circular dichroism of bevacizumab were measured after exposure to silicone oil and lysis of the liposomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Liposomal formulations of bevacizumab were stable upon silicone oil exposure for up to 4 weeks and showed no signs of lysis or migration. Encapsulated bevacizumab remained solely intraliposomal and did not diffuse through the lipid bilayer, as tracked by fluorescence measurements. The secondary structure of the antibody was preserved throughout the study, as demonstrated by circular dichroism. In contrast to non-formulated bevacizumab, liposomal bevacizumab showed no signs of aggregation after silicone oil exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The liposomal encapsulation of antibodies is an effective method to prevent their silicone oil-induced aggregation and inactivation. Liposomes are resistant to silicone oil exposure for a clinically relevant duration. Further in vivo studies should elucidate efficacy and release kinetics of liposomal encapsulated antibody drugs.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study unravels the potential of liposomes for application in silicone oil-filled eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 10","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}