Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Contrast Sensitivity Function in CRB1-Retinopathies: Exploring Child-Friendly Measures of Visual Function.","authors":"Ana Catalina Rodriguez-Martinez, Vijay K Tailor-Hamblin, Michael D Crossland, Bethany E Higgins, Enzo Blindow, Tessa M Dekker, John A Greenwood, Robert H Henderson, Pete R Jones, Mariya Moosajee","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.33","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mutations affecting the CRB1 gene can result in a range of retinal phenotypes, including early onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA), retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), and macular dystrophy (MD). As research into treatment strategies advances towards clinical translation, there is a need to establish reliable outcome metrics. This study explores the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) across different spatial frequencies in individuals with CRB1-retinopathies using the child-friendly PopCSF test, an iPad-based \"gamified\" assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective cross-sectional study of 20 patients with molecularly confirmed biallelic CRB1 pathogenic variants from Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK, was conducted. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart, and the PopCSF test were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 20 CRB1 patients, seven had EOSRD/LCA, three had CORD, and 10 had MD. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BCVA between phenotypes (P = 0.066). However, a significant difference was found between groups in the mean letter log contrast sensitivity (logCS) and area under the contrast sensitivity function (AUCSF) with P = 0.047 and P < 0.001, respectively. A moderate positive correlation was observed between Pelli-Robson and PopCSF (r = 0.53, P = 0.020). The CRB1 cohort had significantly lower CSF at both low and high spatial frequencies compared to controls. Among the CRB1 phenotypes, patients with EOSRD/LCA, exhibited the lowest CSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to examine CSF across spatial frequencies in patients with CRB1-retinopathies using the novel PopCSF test.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The CSF holds promise as a potential functional vision trial endpoint.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CNN-Based Device-Agnostic Feature Extraction From ONH OCT Scans.","authors":"Sjoerd J Driessen, Karin A van Garderen, Danilo Andrade De Jesus, Luisa Sanchez Brea, João Barbosa-Breda, Bart Liefers, Hans G Lemij, Doreen Nelson-Ayifah, Angelina Ampong, Pieter W M Bonnemaijer, Alberta A H J Thiadens, Caroline C W Klaver","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.5","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived measurements of the optic nerve head (ONH) from different devices are not interchangeable. This poses challenges to patient follow-up and collaborative studies. Here, we present a device-agnostic method for the extraction of OCT biomarkers using artificial intelligence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ONH-centered OCT volumes from the Heidelberg SPECTRALIS, ZEISS CIRRUS HD-OCT 5000, and Topcon 3D OCT-1000 Mark I/II and 3D OCT-2000 devices were annotated by trained graders. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on these segmented B-scans and utilized to obtain several ONH biomarkers, such as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the minimal rim width (MRW). The CNN results were compared between different devices and to the manufacturer-reported values using an independent test set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) at 3.4 mm reported by the CIRRUS and 3D OCT-2000 was 0.590 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.079 to 0.901), and our CNN resulted in a cpRNFL ICC of 0.667 (95% CI, -0.035 to 0.939). The cpRNFL at 3.5 mm on the CIRRUS, 3D OCT-2000, and SPECTRALIS generated by the CNN resulted in an ICC of 0.656 (95% CI, 0.055-0.922). Comparing the global mean MRWs from the SPECTRALIS between CNN and manufacturer yielded an ICC of 0.983 (95% CI, 0.917-0.997). The CNN ICC for the MRW among the CIRRUS, 3D OCT-2000, and SPECTRALIS was 0.917 (95% CI, 0.947-0.981).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our device-agnostic feature extraction from ONH OCT scans showed a higher reliability than the measures generated by the manufacturers for cpRNFL. MRW measurements compared very well among the manufacturers.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This open-source software can robustly extract a wide range of biomarkers from any OCT device, removing the dependency on manufacturer-specific algorithms, which has significant implications for patient follow-up and collaborative research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Visual Acuity Estimates in Amblyopia Are More Accurate With Optotype-Based P300 Than With VEP Measurements.","authors":"Akshara V Gopiswaminathan, Julia Haldina, Khaldoon O Al-Nosairy, Céline Z Duval, Francie H Stolle, Michael B Hoffmann, Sven P Heinrich","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.30","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Traditional visual acuity (VA) measurements depend on subjective responses, which can be unreliable, especially with uncooperative participants. Objective measurements with visual evoked potentials (VEP) address this issue but can overestimate VA in amblyopia. This study aims to establish the P300 component of the event-related potential as an objective VA test for amblyopia and compare its performance to subjective (psychophysical) and VEP-based VA estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychophysical, VEP-based, and P300-based VA estimates were obtained for amblyopic and fellow eyes of 18 participants (aged 19-65) in a bicentric study. VEP-based VA was determined from the spatial frequency threshold derived from occipital cortex pattern-pulse responses to check-sizes ranging from 0.048° to 8.95°. P300 responses were collected using visual oddball sequences with circular optotypes. The threshold was estimated from the sigmoid function of parietal P300 amplitude versus optotype gap size. Mean VA values for amblyopic eyes were compared across methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VEP-based VA of the amblyopic eyes overestimated psychophysical VA by 0.18 ± 0.06 logMAR (P = 0.0016). In contrast, P300-based VA showed no significant difference from psychophysical VA (0.00 ± 0.04 logMAR, P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In amblyopia, P300-based optotype VA aligns more closely with psychophysical VA than VEP-based VA, suggesting that P300-based VA is a valid objective alternative for estimating VA in amblyopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study highlights the potential of P300-based VA testing as a reliable and objective method for assessing VA in amblyopic eyes, offering a promising tool for clinical and research applications where traditional methods fall short.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies and Differentiates Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy.","authors":"Ioannis N Petropoulos, Kareem Essam Aly, Shaikha Al-Thani, Georgios Ponirakis, Hoda Gad, Adnan Khan, Beatriz Canibano, Dirk Deleu, Naveed Akhtar, Gayane Melikyan, Boulenouar Mesraoua, Maria Siddiqi, Jon Perkins, Novsheen Mir, Reny Francis, Abdul Salam, Ahmed El-Sotouhy, Surjith Vattoth, Ahmed Own, Saadat Kamran, Rayaz A Malik","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.22","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess whether corneal nerve analysis can identify and differentiate patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from those with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with MS (n = 83), participants with epilepsy (n = 50), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and quantification of automated corneal nerve fiber length (ACNFL), automated corneal nerve fractal dimension (ACNFrD), and ACNFrD/ACNFL ratio of the subbasal nerve plexus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACNFL (MS: P < 0.0001; epilepsy: P = 0.002) and ACNFrD (MS: P < 0.0001; epilepsy: P = 0.025) were significantly lower and the ACNFrD/ACNFL ratio (MS: P < 0.0001; epilepsy: P = 0.018) was significantly higher compared to HCs. ACNFL (P = 0.001), ACNFrD (P = 0.0003), and ACNFrD/ACNFL ratio (P = 0.006) were significantly lower in patients with MS compared to those with epilepsy. ACNFL had the highest diagnostic utility for identifying patients with MS (sensitivity/specificity 0.86/0.85, area under the curve [AUC] 0.90, P < 0.0001), and ACNFrD had the highest diagnostic utility for identifying patients with epilepsy (sensitivity/specificity 0.78/0.75, AUC 0.76, P = 0.0008). ACNFrD had the highest diagnostic utility for differentiating patients with MS from epilepsy (sensitivity/specificity 0.66/0.65, AUC 0.70, <0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal neurodegeneration occurs in and is characterized by a distinct pattern that differentiates patients with MS and epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>CCM identifies and differentiates patients with MS and epilepsy, albeit with moderate performance. Further validation, with a larger sample size, is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating Standardized Automated Perimetry Performed With Stimulus Sizes III and V in Eyes With Field Loss Due to Glaucoma and NAION.","authors":"David Szanto, Michael Wall, Luke X Chong, Mark J Kupersmith","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual field (VF) results are more repeatable using Goldmann stimulus size V (size V) in eyes with moderate/severe deficits due to glaucoma. There are few reports relating VFs using stimulus size V and III, typically used in the clinic for glaucoma, and none for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). We hypothesized that we could compare and relate the VFs with both stimuli for glaucoma and NAION.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized 1992 same-day pairs of size III and size V SAP VFs using the 24-2 strategy for eyes with glaucoma or NAION. We explored the optimal threshold to censor the raw sensitivities, prior to calculating age-standardized total deviations (TDs). We determined the mean and standard deviation of the differences among all TD pairs. We computed a line of best fit to determine closeness to the line of unity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ideal censoring conversion threshold was 21 decibel (dB) for size III and 24 dB for size V. The difference between size V and size III censored (0.0 ± 1.9 dB) and uncensored (0.4 ± 2.6 dB) TD pairings highly correlate with each other (r2 = 0.70, P < 0.001). The line of best fit from these pairings has a slope of 0.92, which is close to that of the line of unity (m = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Censoring plus age correction is a valid method of comparison between size III and size V SAP VFs with moderate to severe VF loss due to optic nerve disorders.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Size III and size V TDs are comparable in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Flash Visual Evoked Potential Analysis in Rats: A Novel Approach Using Bilateral Epidural Electrodes.","authors":"Kwang Min Woo, Yan Guo, Zara Mehrabian, Neil R Miller, Steven L Bernstein","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.24","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are electrical signals generated at the visual cortex following visual stimulation. Flash VEPs (fVEPs) are produced by global retinal stimulation and are considered an objective measure of the integrity of the entire visual pathway. However, fVEP measurements are highly sensitive to external variables, making relative comparisons of the fVEP waveforms between the two eyes in the same individual challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the rodent non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION) model to induce unilateral ischemic optic neuropathy. The severity of optic disc edema was measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and visual acuity was measured using a virtual optokinetic system. We developed a procedure utilizing implanted bilateral epidural electrodes and derived a mathematical formula to accurately estimate functional differences between the optic nerves. Immunohistology was performed to quantify retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival using stereology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to subcutaneous methods, the new approach significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and is more repeatable when comparing the two eyes. The derived formula accounts for asymmetry in the afferent inputs to the visual cortex. Visual function calculated using the formula correlates strongly with other recognized metrics of visual function, including RGC survival and visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have developed a repeatable and accurate method to calculate the relative visual function of diseased optic nerves compared with a contralateral control eye.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Our novel method improves fVEP measurement sensitivity and accuracy in rodent preclinical trials, reducing the number of animals needed to achieve statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep Learning Network for Accurate Retinal Multidisease Diagnosis Using Multiview Fusion of En Face and B-Scan Images: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Chubin Ou, Xifei Wei, Lin An, Jia Qin, Min Zhu, Mei Jin, Xiangbin Kong","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.31","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of retinal disease based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires scrutiny of both B-scan and en face images. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of fusing en face and B-scan images for better diagnostic performance of deep learning models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multiview fusion network (MVFN) with a decision fusion module to integrate fast-axis and slow-axis B-scans and en face information was proposed and compared with five state-of-the-art methods: a model using B-scans, a model using en face imaging, a model using three-dimensional volume, and two other relevant methods. They were evaluated using the OCTA-500 public dataset and a private multicenter dataset with 2330 cases; cases from the first center were used for training and cases from the second center were used for external validation. Performance was assessed by averaged area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the private external test set, our MVFN achieved the highest AUC of 0.994, significantly outperforming the other models (P < 0.01). Similarly, for the OCTA-500 public dataset, our proposed method also outperformed the other methods with the highest AUC of 0.976, further demonstrating its effectiveness. Typical cases were demonstrated using activation heatmaps to illustrate the synergy of combining en face and B-scan images.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fusion of en face and B-scan information is an effective strategy for improving the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning models.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Multiview fusion models combining B-scan and en face images demonstrate great potential in improving AI performance for retina disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterile Caliper Anterior Chamber Decompression Mitigates Intraocular Pressure Spikes in Intravitreal Injections.","authors":"Mahsaw Mansoor, Noor-Us-Sabah Ahmad, S Bilal Ahmed, Samuel Tadros, James Folk, Michael D Abramoff","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.13","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of a novel approach using a sterile caliper for anterior chamber (AC) decompression in reducing post-intravitreal injection (IVI) intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective interventional case series conducted at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) with Institutional Review Board approval. Patients were randomized to receive conventional IVI or IVI with sterile caliper decompression. Fifty eyes from 47 patients underwent IVI for various retinal pathologies. Subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention or control arm. Two resident physician providers performed injections, with one applying sterile caliper decompression (intervention) and the other following the standard technique (control). Baseline and postinjection IOP were measured using Tonopen (Reichert, Depew, NY).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both groups there was a significant IOP rise following IVI (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in baseline IOP between groups (P = 0.082), but postinjection IOP was significantly lower in the intervention group (23.52 ± 5.98 mm Hg) compared to the control group (44.08 ± 8.48 mm Hg). There were no patients with an IOP spike >25 mm Hg in the intervention arm. The technique was effective regardless of lens status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sterile caliper AC decompression significantly reduced post-IVI IOP spikes presenting an efficient and cost-effective alternative to previously proposed methods of IOP reduction. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore broader applications in ophthalmic interventions.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The caliper decompression technique presents potential benefit in preventing short-term morbidity associated with IOP spikes after IVI and addressing long-term concerns in patients with pre-existing glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 12","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Method for Lateral Visualization of the Primary Cilia on the Surfaces of Cells Cultured on White Glass Rods.","authors":"Hidetoshi Tanioka, Hideto Deguchi, Shigeru Kinoshita, Chie Sotozono","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.11.19","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.11.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the motility of the primary cilia of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), which exist like a hair on the cell surface, using our new in vitro method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A white glass rod was heated with a gas burner to produce a rod approximately 0.5 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length and then coated with collagen. A suspension of cultured human CECs (HCECs) was then added to the rod and cultured for 20 days. Cells on the rod's side were then observed using phase-contrast microscopy, and videos and images of the primary cilia were obtained. After fixing the cells cultured on the rod's surface, immunofluorescence staining was performed and fluorescence and phase contrast images were taken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hair-like structures were observed on the surface of live HCECs on the rod's surface. Video images revealed that the structures sometimes swayed owing to slight convection of the medium, yet had no motile function, and immunostaining with acetylated α-tubulin antibody confirmed that the structures were primary cilia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our new method using white glass rods provided the ability to observe the movement of primary cilia in cultured living HCECs, and the findings clearly showed that the primary cilia of HCECs are passive rather than motile. This novel procedure can be applied widely to other cultured cells as a method to observe the movement of primary cilia from the lateral aspect of the cell.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This method may help to clarify the role of primary cilia in the anterior chamber.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 11","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Chinese Version of the Ultra-Low Vision Visual Functioning Questionnaire-50.","authors":"Jing Cong, Xinyuan Wu, Chunqiong Dong, Jing Wang, Chenli Feng, Gechun Wang, Yiting Wu, Gislin Dagnelie, Jinhui Dai, Yuanzhi Yuan","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.11.20","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.11.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop a short form of Chinese ULV-VFQ-50 based on the ULV-VFQ-150 and compare the psychometrical properties of the two questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected candidate items from the ULV-VFQ-150, considering the item response among ultra-low vision (ULV) participants, the even distribution of item measures, visual aspects, and visual domains, to construct a 50-item ULV-VFQ-50 questionnaire. Then, ULV participants were recruited to evaluate its psychometric characteristics by using Rasch analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 79 out of 79 completed questionnaires of ULV-VFQ-50 were collected, of which 11 filled questionnaires were excluded because the participants' vision did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus 68 valid questionnaires were analyzed (valid response rate 91.9%). The average age of the eligible responders was 45.0 years (standard deviation [SD] = 16.7), with 42.6% females (29/68). As per Rasch analysis, the person measures ranged from -1.74 to 4.91 logits, and the item measures ranged from -1.56 to 1.15 logits. The mean value of item difficulty was 0.00 logits, whereas the mean value of personnel distribution was -0.35 logits. The item reliability was 0.95, and the person reliability was 0.98. The items conform to unidimensionality as indicated by principal component analysis of the residuals, which showed that the first principal component unexplained only 5.5% of the total variance, and each component after that unexplained even less.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Chinese ULV-VFQ-50 exhibits excellent psychometric properties. The short form of Chinese ULV-VFQ, with fewer items and less administration time is better suited for clinical practice and research settings.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The Chinese version of ULV-VFQ-50 is a reliable assessment of the visual function for people with ULV in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 11","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}