Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Usefulness of Intraocular Pressure With the Ocular Response Analyzer to Predict Postoperative Hypotony Complications in Glaucoma.","authors":"Juri Ryu, Ryo Asaoka, Shunsuke Nakakura, Hiroshi Murata, Yuta Nakaniida, Kaori Ishii, Akira Obana, Yoshiaki Kiuchi","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.7","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the usefulness of intraocular pressure (IOP) using the ocular response analyzer to predict the occurrence of hypotony complications following trabeculectomy or bleb needling revision with mitomycin C.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 66 eyes of 66 patients who underwent trabeculectomy (58 eyes of 58 patients) or bleb needling (8 eyes of 8 patients) with mitomycin C. A significant predictor of hypotony complications was identified from (1) operation (trabeculectomy or bleb needling), (2) age, (3) sex, (4) disease type (primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, or exfoliation glaucoma), (5) lens status (phakia or pseudophakia), (6) preoperative Goldmann applanation tonometry IOP, (7) preoperative central corneal thickness, (8) preoperative axial length, (9) preoperative anterior chamber depth, (10) preoperative corneal hysteresis, (11) preoperative corneal resistance factor, (12) preoperative corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc), and (13) minimum IOP (IOP value when hypotony complications occurred, otherwise the minimum IOP during 3 months from trabeculectomy or bleb needling) using multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probability of the occurrence of hypotony complications tended to increase by applying higher cutoff values to preoperative Goldmann applanation tonometry IOP and IOPcc, but not lower cutoff values to the minimum IOP. Multivariate logistic regression suggested that higher preoperative IOPcc and pseudophakia were significant predictors of the occurrence of hypotony complications (P = 0.0062 and 0.0069, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher preoperative IOPcc and pseudophakia were significant predictors of the occurrence of hypotony complications.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>It is useful to measure IOP using the ocular response analyzer before trabeculectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Intraocular Pressure Induces Fibrotic Changes in the Trabecular Meshwork and Schlemm's Canal of Sprague Dawley Rats.","authors":"Lijuan Xu, Yin Zhao, Xinyao Zhang, Xiaorui Gang, Jialing Han, Tao Zhou, Binyan Qi, Shuning Song, Ruiyi Ren, Yuanbo Liang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.10","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Continuous artificial aqueous humor drainage in the eyes of patients with glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy likely exerts abnormal shear stress. However, it remains unknown how changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) can affect aqueous humor outflow (AHO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we induced and maintained low intraocular pressure (L-IOP) in healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by puncturing their eyes using a tube (200-µm diameter) for 2 weeks. After the rats were euthanized, their eyes were removed, fixed, embedded, stained, and scanned to analyze the physiological and pathological changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). We measured SC parameters using ImageJ software and assessed the expression of various markers related to flow shear stress (KLF4), fibrosis (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, α-SMA, pSmad1/5, pSmad2/3, and fibronectin), cytoskeleton (integrin β1 and F-actin), diastolic function (nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and proliferation (Ki-67) using immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>L-IOP eyes showed a larger SC area, higher eNOS expression, and lower KLF4 and F-actin expression in the TM and SC (both P < 0.05) than control eyes. The aqueous humor of L-IOP eyes had a higher abundance of fibrotic proteins and apoptotic cells than that of control eyes, with significantly higher TGF-β1, α-SMA, fibronectin, and cleaved caspase-3 expression (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, a persistence of L-IOP for 2 weeks may contribute to fibrosis in the TM and SC and might be detrimental to conventional AHO in SD rat eyes.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Clinicians should consider that aberrant shear force induced by aqueous humor fluctuation may damage AHO outflow channel when treating patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion Optics Technology (DOT): A Myopia Control Spectacle Lens Based on Contrast Theory.","authors":"Jay Neitz, Maureen Neitz","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.42","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion optics Technology (DOT) myopia control spectacle lenses are based on contrast theory. This innovative theory represents a radical departure from the classical concept of visual deprivation myopia. However, traditional theories have evolved, arriving at remarkably similar solutions for myopia control as the DOT lenses. Nonetheless, contrast theory still represents a departure from mainstream theories. Here, in an effort to resolve discrepancies, we review the science behind contrast theory and compare it to more conventional blur and defocus theories. Finally, we consider the implications of the different theories for the rational design of myopia control solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach To Predict Glaucomatous Impairment in the Central 10° Visual Field, Excluding the Effect of Cataract.","authors":"Ryo Tomita, Ryo Asaoka, Kazunori Hirasawa, Yuri Fujino, Tetsuro Omura, Tsutomu Inatomi, Akira Obana, Koji M Nishiguchi, Masaki Tanito","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.10.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our previous study predicted genuine glaucomatous visual field (VF) impairment in the central 10° VF, excluding the effect of cataract, using visual acuity (VA) and global indexes of VF more accurately than pattern deviation (PD). This study aimed to improve the accuracy by using pointwise total deviation (TD) values with the machine-learning method of random forest model (RFM) and to investigate whether incorporating optical coherence tomography-measured ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness is useful.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 89 eyes with open-angle glaucoma that underwent successful cataract surgery (with or without iStent implantation or ab interno trabeculotomy). Postoperative TD in each of the 68 VF points was predicted using preoperative (1) PD, (2) VA and VF with a linear regression model (LM), and (3) VA and VF with RFM, and averaged as predicted mean TD (mTDpost). Further prediction was made by incorporating the preoperative GCIPL into the best model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean absolute error (MAE) between the actual and predicted mTDpost with RFM (1.25 ± 1.03 dB) was significantly smaller than that with PD (3.20 ± 4.06 dB, p < 0.01) and LM (1.42 ± 1.06 dB, p < 0.05). The MAEs with the model incorporating GCIPL into RFM (1.24 ± 1.04 dB) and RFM were not significantly different.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accurate prediction of genuine glaucomatous VF impairment was achieved using pointwise TD with RFM. No merit was observed by incorporating the GCIPL into this model.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This pointwise RFM could clinically reduce cataract effect on VF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Change in Prevalence of High Myopia Compared to That of Myopia Really Disproportionate?","authors":"Noel A Brennan, Xu Cheng, Mark A Bullimore","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.11","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It has been noted that, at higher prevalences, the rate of change in the prevalence of high myopia seems to be disproportionately greater compared with the rate of change in the prevalence of myopia. A simple, evidence-based explanation for this relationship is offered.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a convenience sample of 41 datasets with prevalence estimates for at least two refractive error thresholds (e.g., -0.50 and -6.00 D) the common slope of the logit vs. refractive threshold was applied to model expected rates of high myopia across the myopia prevalence range and the corresponding ratio of change in high myopia to myopia prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The logit of high myopia is related linearly to the logit of myopia. The ratio of increase in high myopia prevalence to that for myopia prevalence increases with underlying prevalence. For example, an increase in myopia prevalence from 19% to 20% is modelled to be accompanied by a 0.1% increase in the prevalence of high myopia from 1.55% to 1.65%-a ratio of 0.1. Conversely, an increase in myopia prevalence from 79% to 80% is predicted to result in a 1% increase in the prevalence of high myopia from 20.6% to 21.6%-a ratio of 1.0.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increase in the prevalence of high myopia compared with that of myopia as the latter increases is merely a function of the underlying nature of refractive error probability distributions and requires no further investigation as to its origin.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study shows how the prevalence of myopia and high myopia are inter-related. A widespread effort to slow myopia progression will affect the prevalence of high myopia but not myopia in general. In contrast, efforts to delay myopia onset will affect both.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy on Myopia Control and Choroid.","authors":"Ying Liu, Mengxia Zhu, Xiaoqin Yan, Mu Li, Yan Xiang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.29","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the long-term effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy on the axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and choroidal parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred eight myopic eyes were recruited. The RLRL group included 100 eyes, whereas the control group included 108 eyes. Throughout the one-year follow-up period, changes in AL and SE were recorded for both groups. The RLRL group underwent additional choroidal imaging, and changes in choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity (CV), and choriocapillaris luminal area (CLA) were assessed before and after RLRL therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period, the changing trends in AL and SE differed significantly between the RLRL and control groups. In the RLRL group, AL decreased at three and six months (both P < 0.05) and returned to pretreatment values at 12 months (P = 0.453). In contrast, AL increased significantly throughout the follow-up period (three, six, and 12 months) in the control group (all P < 0.001). The SE increased significantly during the entire follow-up period in the RLRL group (all P < 0.001), whereas it decreased significantly in the control group (all P < 0.05). Regarding choroidal parameters, significant improvements were observed in CT, CV and CLA throughout the follow-up period (all P < 0.05), and changes in most choroidal parameters were significantly correlated with changes in AL and SE during the follow-up period (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, AL, SE, and most choroidal parameters showed significant correlations between changes at three and 12 months (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RLRL therapy significantly improved choroidal blood perfusion and circulation, which may explain the observed slowing or reversal of myopia progression in the RLRL group. Thus RLRL therapy may be a novel and effective method for controlling myopia. Furthermore, the short-term effect of photobiomodulation therapy (i.e., changes at three months) can be used to predict the long-term effects (i.e., changes at 12 months).</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>In this study, RLRL therapy showed a significant control effect on the development of axial length and spherical equivalent. RLRL therapy also promoted the choroidal blood perfusion and circulation. RLRL therapy could be a novel and effective method for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11498649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Identification of Clinically Relevant Regions in Glaucoma OCT Reports Using Expert Eye Tracking Data and Deep Learning.","authors":"Ye Tian, Anurag Sharma, Shubh Mehta, Shubham Kaushal, Jeffrey M Liebmann, George A Cioffi, Kaveri A Thakoor","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.10.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To propose a deep learning-based approach for predicting the most-fixated regions on optical coherence tomography (OCT) reports using eye tracking data of ophthalmologists, assisting them in finding medically salient image regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected eye tracking data of ophthalmology residents, fellows, and faculty as they viewed OCT reports to detect glaucoma. We used a U-Net model as the deep learning backbone and quantized eye tracking coordinates by dividing the input report into an 11 × 11 grid. The model was trained to predict the grids on which fixations would land in unseen OCT reports. We investigated the contribution of different variables, including the viewer's level of expertise, model architecture, and number of eye gaze patterns included in training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our approach predicted most-fixated regions in OCT reports with precision of 0.723, recall of 0.562, and f1-score of 0.609. We found that using a grid-based eye tracking structure enabled efficient training and using a U-Net backbone led to the best performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our approach has the potential to assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing glaucoma by predicting the most medically salient regions on OCT reports. Our study suggests the value of eye tracking in guiding deep learning algorithms toward informative regions when experts may not be accessible.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>By suggesting important OCT report regions for a glaucoma diagnosis, our model could aid in medical education and serve as a precursor for self-supervised deep learning approaches to expedite early detection of irreversible vision loss owing to glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11482640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Depth-Dependent Integrated Visual Field on Vision-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma.","authors":"Mehrdad Gazanchian, Nomdo M Jansonius","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.27","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11498635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ocular Perfusion Pressure on Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Two-Year Prospective Study.","authors":"Yayi Yan, Xinyan Wu, Yuntong Li, Yiran Fan, Lingyi Li, Ching-Kit Tsui, Kaiqun Liu, Wenyong Huang, Xiaoling Liang, Andina Hu","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.10.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), and changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Southern Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1224 subjects from the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study were enrolled. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured. MOPP was calculated with the formula: MOPP = 2/3 [DBP + 1/3 (SBP - DBP)] - IOP. CSFP was calculated using the formula: CSFP = 0.44 × body mass index (kg/m2) + 0.16 × DBP - 0.18 × age (years) - 1.91. Incidence, progression, and regression of DR were graded based on seven-field 45° conventional fundus photographs at baseline and during two-year follow-up examinations according to the United Kingdom National Diabetic Eye Screening Program guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher MOPP was associated with DR incidence in the multivariate model (per 1 mm Hg increase: relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09; P = 0.02) and was not associated with DR development and DR regression in two-year follow-up of T2DM patients. However, CSFP was not associated with DR changes (incidence, progression, or regression).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher MOPP is an independent risk factor for DR incidence among T2DM patients in a Southern Chinese cohort. Monitoring MOPP and managing blood pressure can be part of a comprehensive approach to prevent or delay the onset of DR in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>MOPP might be an indicator for the detection of DR incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Harmonization, Standardization, and Collaboration for Diabetic Retinal Disease (DRD) Research: Report From the 2024 Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative Workshop on Data.","authors":"Amitha Domalpally, Ward Fickweiler, S Robert Levine, Kerry E Goetz, Brian L VanderBeek, Aaron Lee, Jeffrey M Sundstrom, Dorene Markel, Jennifer K Sun","doi":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.13.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2024 Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative (MTM Vision) Workshop on Data convened to discuss best practices and specific considerations for building a comprehensive, shareable MTM Vision data lake. The workshop aimed to accelerate the development of new indications, therapies, and regulatory pathways for diabetic retinal disease (DRD) by standardizing and harmonizing clinical data and ocular 'omics analyses. Standardization of data collection, the use of common data elements, and data interoperability were emphasized, alongside federated learning approaches to promote data sharing and collaboration while maintaining data privacy and security. The integration of molecular data with other multimodal data types was recognized as a promising strategy for leveraging machine learning and AI approaches to advancing therapeutics development and improving treatment outcomes for DRD patients. Partnerships with entities such as the National Eye Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, foundations, and industry were deemed vital for the successful implementation of these initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"13 10","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}