Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Visual Performance of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments With Triple Enhanced Design Spectacle Lenses Versus DIMS and Single Vision Lenses.","authors":"Carly Siu Yin Lam, Kenneth Ka King Liu, Han Yu Zhang, Paul Lee, Hua Qi, Keigo Hasegawa, Shohei Matsuoka, Daisy Ka Yan Leung, Dennis Yan Yin Tse, Chi Ho To","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.32","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare short-term visual functions changes in myopic children who had worn the defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS), DIMS with triple enhanced design (DIMS TED), and single-vision (SV) spectacle lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight Chinese children (six to 13 years) with spherical equivalent refractive error -1.00 D to -5.00 D were recruited. Participants wore DIMS, DIMS TED and SV spectacle lenses in random order. High- and low-contrast distance and near visual acuity (VA), mid-peripheral near VA, binocular functions, accommodation and visual symptoms were assessed before and after 1-week of lens wear, while mid-peripheral distance VA was assessed with and without glare in a second visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most visual functions showed no differences before and after lens wear. Central high- and low-contrast distance VA and central high-contrast near VA under room and dim lighting were unaffected by DIMS and DIMS TED spectacle lenses compared to SV lenses (all P > 0.05). Central low-contrast near VA was reduced by 0.06 ± 0.10 logMAR in DIMS TED lenses compared to DIMS lenses under room lighting (P < 0.01), and by 0.06 ± 0.11 logMAR compared with SV spectacle lenses under dim lighting (P < 0.01). Mid-peripheral distance VA and near VA were reduced by approximately 0.10 logMAR in DIMS TED and DIMS compared to SV lenses (P < 0.01), respectively. However, these reductions are unlikely to represent a clinically meaningful impairment in visual function. Most children adapted and accepted the DIMS TED spectacle lenses well.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DIMS TED spectacle lenses demonstrated visual performance comparable to DIMS and SV spectacle lenses.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The enhanced design of the DIMS TED spectacle lenses maintains visual performance comparable to DIMS and single vision spectacle lenses, and may potentially increase myopia control efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Nrf2 in SIRT1-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.","authors":"Nuala O'Neill, Neha Sarabu, Suad Abd Alhadi, Jennifer C Pham, Kimberly Dine, Brahim Chaqour, Ahmara G Ross, Kenneth S Shindler","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.2","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), often occurring in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, is characterized by optic nerve damage, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and vision loss. Upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, reduces RGC loss and vision deficits in TON models, but mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. This study examined if Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant enzymes, helps mediate neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 in TON.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-deficient mice received an intravitreal injection with adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) expressing an RGC-selective promoter-driven human SIRT1, green fluorescent protein (GFP), or Nrf2. TON was induced by repetitive mild head impacts, and vision was assessed by optokinetic responses (OKRs). RGCs from isolated retinas were immunolabeled with Brn3a antibodies and counted to quantify Brn3a+ RGC numbers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TON resulted in decreased Brn3a labeling and decreased OKR scores in AAV2/synuclein gamma (SNCG)/GFP-injected WT mice as compared with unimpacted mice; AAV2/SNCG/SIRT1 treatment attenuated this loss. This protective effect was absent in Nrf2-deficient mice subjected to TON, as these mice had significant decreases in Brn3a-labeled cells and OKR scores whether they received AAV2/SNCG/GFP or AAV2/SNCG/SIRT1 therapy. AAV2/SNCG/Nrf2-injected WT mice exhibited similar decreases in Brn3a labeling and OKR scores as AAV2/SNCG/GFP-injected WT mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nrf2 is implicated as an important downstream effector of SIRT1-mediated therapeutic effects given that Nrf2-deficient mice are unable to recapitulate the neuroprotective effects of AAV-based SIRT1 gene therapy. However, Nrf2 is not sufficient to induce similar neuroprotective effects when overexpressed selectively in RGCs.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Results of this study define an important mechanism of SIRT1 gene therapy mediating RGC neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Inflammatory Hyperreflective Spots and Hard Exudates on Retinal Function in Diabetic Retinal Disease.","authors":"Katharina Wall, Aaron Schumacher, Samuel A Chang, Anna Sophia Jauch, Lukas Goerdt, Marlene Saßmannshausen, Frank G Holz, Andreas Pollreisz, Thomas Ach","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.34","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the topography of hyperreflective spots (HRSs) and hard exudates (HEs) and to analyze their association with localized retinal sensitivity in diabetic retinal disease (DRD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cross-sectional study, diabetic patients (type I/II) underwent increased axial resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and mesopic microperimetry. HRSs (<30 µm, without back shadowing) and HEs (>30 µm, with back shadowing) were annotated in OCT scans and spatially matched to microperimetry test points across Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. Eyes with confounding OCT biomarkers (disorganization of the retinal inner layers, ellipsoid zone/external limiting membrane disruption, vitreomacular traction) were excluded. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the associations between lesion types and localized retinal sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients were included (mean age, 55.9 ± 14.8 years; diabetic retinopathy severity scale, 3.3 ± 1.6; hemoglobin A1c, 7.6% ± 2.0%). HRSs (n = 2308) were present in all study eyes, while HEs (n = 1222) were present in 21 eyes. Normalized to ETDRS subfield area, both HRSs (229.2 /mm2) and HEs (82.8 /mm2) showed the highest densities in the central subfield. Higher HRS load was independently associated with reduced retinal sensitivity (β = -0.06, P = 0.011), whereas no significant association was observed for HEs (P = 0.461); this finding should be interpreted with caution given the limited number of eyes with HEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRSs and HEs demonstrate distinct spatial distributions and functional associations in DRD, with HRSs independently linked to localized sensitivity loss.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>HRSs may serve as an accessible biomarker of early neuroretinal impairment and could improve patient stratification and treatment evaluation in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Rcbtb1 Knockout Mice and Evaluation of AAV2-RCBTB1 Gene Replacement Therapy.","authors":"Samuel McLenachan, Rabab Rashwan, Zhiqin Huang, Sang Yoon Moon, Khine Zaw, Caitlin R Hannan, Slavica Pervan, Dan Zhang, Lisa Griffiths, Livia S Carvalho, Fred K Chen","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.12","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Biallelic pathogenic variants in the RCC1 and BTB domain-containing protein 1 (RCBTB1) gene cause an adult-onset retinal dystrophy. Here, we generated a knockout mouse model of RCBTB1 deficiency for the evaluation of RCBTB1 gene therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rcbtb1-knockout (KO) mice were generated with a homozygous deletion removing exons 2 and 3 of Rcbtb1. Wild-type (WT) and Rcbtb1-KO mice were assessed by optical coherence tomography and electroretinography at 3, 8, and 14 months of age. Retinal ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Subretinal injections of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)-RCBTB1 or AAV2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) vector were performed at 2 months, and mice were analyzed at 8 months. Retinal gene expression was assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal Rcbtb1 expression was absent in Rcbtb1-KO mice. Eight-month-old Rcbtb1-KO mice showed reduced outer retinal thickness compared with WT mice. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated increased mitochondrial damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells and increased frequencies of mitochondria with oxidative inclusions in photoreceptor inner segments in 8-month-old Rcbtb1-KO mice. Degenerating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors were observed in Rcbtb1-KO mice. Bruch's membrane appeared thicker in Rcbtb1-KO mice and contained druse-like deposits. Treatment with AAV2-RCBTB1 induced sustained RCBTB1 expression and preserved outer retinal thickness in 8-month-old Rcbtb1-KO mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rcbtb1-KO mice showed accelerated outer retinal thinning, increased mitochondrial damage in the RPE, and photoreceptor apoptosis. AAV2-RCBTB1 vectors induced long-term retinal expression of RCBTB1 and prevented retinal thinning in Rcbtb1-KO mice.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Rcbtb1-KO mice provide a useful animal model for modeling RCBTB1 deficiency and preclinical screening of novel treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Pigment Epithelium Changes in Pediatric Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Wide-Field Swept-Source OCT Findings.","authors":"Yizhe Cheng, Xinyu Liu, Limei Sun, Linyan Zhang, Xiaoyan Ding, Miner Yuan","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.13","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in pediatric combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE (CHRRPE) using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to identify factors associated with RPE involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of children with CHRRPE diagnosed between 2018 and 2023 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and imaged with wide-field SS-OCT. RPE alterations were defined using OCT features and classified as RPE deformation without discontinuity or RPE disruption with secondary changes. Factors associated with RPE involvement were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one eyes from 38 children (21 boys; median age, 7 years) were included. OCT showed preretinal fibrosis in 21 of 41 eyes (51%), mini-folds in 38 of 41 eyes (93%), and maxi-folds in 32 of 41 (78%). RPE involvement was detected in 11 of 41 eyes (27%), including RPE-originated vertical striae (8/41 [20%]), outer retinal hyper-reflective pigment clumps (7/41 [17%]), RPE protrusion (6/41 [15%]), RPE rupture (5/41 [12%]), and choroidal neovascularization (5/41 [12%]). RPE alterations occurred in all peripheral lesions (3/3), 50% of peripapillary lesions (3/6), and 16% of macular lesions (5/32). Multivariable analysis indicated extramacular location (odds ratio, 11.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-87.81; P = 0.021) and preretinal fibrosis (odds ratio, 7.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-44.00; P = 0.036) were associated with RPE involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In pediatric CHRRPE, RPE involvement was not uncommon and was associated with extramacular location and preretinal fibrosis. Wide-field SS-OCT may help to identify structural features in pediatric CHRRPE.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Characterizing swept-source optical coherence tomography patterns in children with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium links retinal pigment epithelium damage to inner retinal contraction and supports risk stratification and follow-up planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Machine Learning Approach to the Analysis of Multifocal Electroretinograms for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.","authors":"Godfrey Wong, Gareth Mercer, Brian G Ballios, Tom Wright","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.29","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is detectable through multimodal ophthalmic screening, yet individual diagnostic tests each have inherent limitations. Machine learning may simplify monitoring, but few HCQ screening algorithms have undergone rigorous external validation. This study evaluated the clinical utility of the Multifocal Electroretinogram Classification Interface (MERCI) algorithm by assessing its ability to predict HCQ retinopathy compared with diagnoses derived from American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients referred for HCQ toxicity screening underwent perimetry, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence photography, and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) testing. Performance was assessed in a temporal dataset (participants overlapping with the development dataset) and a novel dataset (newly enrolled participants). Reference diagnoses were assigned using AAO guideline-based decision trees informed by ancillary tests results. MERCI generated corresponding mfERG-based predictions, which were compared with reference diagnoses to compute performance metrics for each dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the decision trees, the temporal (n = 145) and novel (n = 300) datasets showed retinopathy prevalences of 12.4% and 9.7%, respectively. MERCI yielded 63/145 (43.4%) and 115/300 (38.3%) false-positive cases, respectively. MERCI achieved strong sensitivity (1.000 temporal; 0.931 novel) and negative predictive value (NPV) (1.000 temporal; 0.987 novel), with comparable area under the curve between datasets (0.759 temporal; 0.805 novel).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MERCI retained high sensitivity and NPV when validated against temporally distinct cohorts using a clinical definition of HCQ toxicity. This suggests MERCI's potential as a screening tool for HCQ retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The mfERG-based machine learning models may improve screening efficiency and clinical decision-making for HCQ users.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep Learning-Based Study on Automatic Measurement Method of Biological Parameters in Anterior Segment UBM Images of Angle-Closure Glaucoma.","authors":"Xinqi Yu, Zhiyuan Zhao, Chenxu Zhang, Xiaoning Wang, Xiaochun Wang, Sheng Zhou","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.27","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based model for measuring biometric parameters from anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images, assisting clinicians in the early screening and diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through comparative selection, the best-performing model was used to segment four regions in UBM images of PACG patients: cornea and sclera, iris, ciliary body, and lens anterior surface. Using YOLOv11s, the model performed localization of four key points on both pre- and post-segmentation datasets and automatically measured seven biometric parameters related to the angle closure mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DeepLabv3+ model performed excellently in the segmentation tasks, with an mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 85.84%, precision of 92.67%, recall of 91.36%, and Dice coefficient of 92.01%, all representing optimal values. In the object detection task, the segmented dataset achieved a precision of 88.3%, recall of 89.9%, and mean average precision at 0.50 IoU (mAP50) of 92.9%, showing at least a 19% improvement over the original image dataset. The average absolute error of the Euclidean distance for four-point localization was 50.41µm, with a root mean square error of 77.85 µm. In biometric parameter measurements, except for the iris-lens angle, all other parameters exhibited intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.94.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that the proposed deep learning-based method for automatic measurement of closure mechanism-related biometric parameters is accurate and effective.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This is the first study, to our knowledge, to integrate multi-region segmentation and four-point localization for the automatic computation of seven anterior segment parameters directly from UBM images, providing precise and reliable data support for early PACG diagnosis and pathogenesis research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Signal-Strength Filtering on 3D Convolutional Neural Network-Based Visual Field Estimation From Macular OCT.","authors":"Makoto Koyama, Hidenori Takahashi, Satoru Inoda, Chihiro Mayama, Yuta Ueno, Yoshikazu Ito, Yuta Nariya, Yuji Inoue, Kenji Kashiwagi, Tetsuro Oshika, Masaki Tanito","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether excluding low-signal-strength optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from training improves deep learning-based visual field (VF) estimation from macular OCT volumes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 79,803 paired OCT and VF examinations from 8511 patients at five institutions. A three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN) estimated 24-2 and 10-2 pointwise sensitivities and mean deviation (MD) from NIDEK OCT volumes. Using patient-wise 10-fold cross-validation, we compared training on all scans with filtering at signal strength indices (SSIs) ≥ 7; training sets differed in size and SSI composition, and both models were tested on identical held-out samples stratified by SSI. Outcomes were pointwise mean absolute error (MAE) and absolute MD error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean SSI was 8.03 ± 1.65; 85.5% of scans had SSI ≥ 7. In the SSI < 7 subgroup, the all-SSI-trained model yielded lower errors for all endpoints, with reductions of 0.439 dB (24-2 MAE), 0.473 dB (10-2 MAE), 0.417 dB (24-2 MD error), and 0.453 dB (10-2 MD error; all adjusted P < 0.001). In the SSI ≥ 7 subgroup, no significant differences were observed. Error increased as SSI decreased, without a clear threshold at SSI = 7.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this EfficientNet 3D-based segmentation-free 3DCNN framework, using OCT scans across the full SSI range was associated with lower error in low-SSI held-out scans, with no significant penalty in higher SSI held-out scans in the primary comparison within this dataset.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Including lower-signal-strength NIDEK macular OCT scans in development may improve robustness to lower-SSI inputs in this segmentation-free OCT-based VF framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Macular Choroidal Circulation in Older Adults With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.","authors":"Zhonghua Luo, Zihao Lin, Yuefeng Yu, Yangyang Du, Yue Xu, Yu Yang, Shengsong Huang, Ying Han, Jingjing Huang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.33","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and choroidal circulation in older adults with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included participants aged 60 years or older from the Elderly Glaucoma and Sleep Study, comprising both patients with POAG and age-matched controls. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a wrist-worn actigraphy device worn continuously for ≥7 days. PA parameters included total PA (metabolic equivalent task minutes per week), daily step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration, and total energy expenditure. After the monitoring period, SS-OCTA imaging was performed on all participants using a 6-mm × 6-mm macular scan to quantify choroidal vascular volume (CVV), choroidal stromal volume, choroidal vascularity index, and choriocapillaris flow density (CC FD). Associations between PA and choroidal parameters were analyzed using multivariable linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults with POAG engaged in substantially lower levels of PA, particularly MVPA, and showed reduced CVV and CC FD compared with age-matched controls (all P < 0.05). Among patients with POAG, longer MVPA duration was independently associated with greater CVV (β = 0.04, P = 0.021) and higher CC FD (β = 0.06, P = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults with POAG showed reduced habitual PA levels and impaired macular choroidal circulation. Longer MVPA duration was associated with better macular choroidal circulation in older adults with POAG.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>MVPA may represent a modifiable factor relevant to choroidal circulation health in glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter OCT-Based Visual Field Representations via Segmentation-Free 3D CNNs: Forecasting, Longitudinal Variability, and Progression Detection.","authors":"Makoto Koyama, Hidenori Takahashi, Satoru Inoda, Chihiro Mayama, Yuta Ueno, Yoshikazu Ito, Tetsuro Oshika, Masaki Tanito","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.18","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.7.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate segmentation-free three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3DCNNs) that derive visual field (VF)-shaped representations from macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes (OCT-based estimated VF; OCT-VF) and to assess their performance in forecasting future Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) measurements and characterizing longitudinal variability in clinical datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 3DCNN models were trained on 129,007 heterogeneous real-world paired OCT-HFA datasets from 13,366 patients (24,313 eyes) across five institutions using 10-fold cross-validation. Forecasting accuracy for the last HFA visit was evaluated using HFA-only forecasts and hybrid models that combined HFA-anchored intercept with longitudinal slopes derived from both OCT-VF and HFA (AOS-AVG). Longitudinal variability was assessed as residual deviations from linear trends using jackknife resampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AOS-AVG yielded the lowest forecasting errors across endpoints and significantly reduced mean absolute error compared with HFA-only forecasts (pointwise thresholds: 24-2, 2.45 vs. 2.68 dB; 10-2, 2.44 vs. 2.65 dB; both P < 0.001). OCT-VF showed significantly lower residual variability than HFA (MD: 24-2, 0.79 vs. 1.13 dB; 10-2, 0.87 vs. 1.07 dB; both P < 0.001). Eyes classified as progression-positive by OCT-VF but negative by HFA exhibited greater perimetric variability and steeper HFA MD decline than true-negative eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hybrid forecasting approaches that incorporate OCT-VF-derived slope information can improve prediction of future visual-field outcomes. The lower variability of OCT-VF representations may also enable detection of progression-related signals that remain obscured by perimetric noise in routine longitudinal monitoring.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>OCT-VF may serve as a complementary tool for precision disease monitoring alongside current automated perimetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 7","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}