Shalinder Sabherwal, Mohd Javed, Elanor Watts, Marzieh Katibeh, Alice Pintus, Nam Thaker, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Vince Hewitt, Darren Coverley, Nigel M Bolster, Andrew Bastawrous
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Stage 2 compared Peek to conventional chart testing for NVI screening using Cohen's kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity and, for quantitative near visual acuity (NVA) measurement, using Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) in 600 participants with two screeners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In stage 1, interobserver variability using Peek ranged from 96.43% to 98.21% (kappa = 0.92-0.96). In stage 2, there was overall agreement in 95.8% of cases (kappa = 0.91). Peek testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.22-94.1) and 99.41% (95% CI, 97.86-99.84), respectively. For NVA testing, the 95% LoA between Peek and chart testing were within -0.11 and +0.07 logMAR. Mean test time was 40.3 seconds (95% CI, 38.8-41.7) for Peek versus 46.6 seconds (95% CI, 45.5-47.7) for a conventional chart.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The previously demonstrated validity of Peek testing was maintained when used by trained community screeners.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The Peek near vision test can be used as a validated method of NVA/NVI measurement in research, clinical and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"14 8","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369907/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Near Visual Acuity Measurements by Community Screeners Using Digital (Peek) Testing Versus Conventional Charts in India.\",\"authors\":\"Shalinder Sabherwal, Mohd Javed, Elanor Watts, Marzieh Katibeh, Alice Pintus, Nam Thaker, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Vince Hewitt, Darren Coverley, Nigel M Bolster, Andrew Bastawrous\",\"doi\":\"10.1167/tvst.14.8.24\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Peek digital near vision test has been previously validated in a trial setting; here it is assessed in clinic (stage 1) and community (stage 2) settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out in the catchment area of Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Mohammadi, Uttar Pradesh, India, with a total of 768 participants. Stage 1 assessed the interobserver variability of Peek near vision impairment (NVI) screening in 168 clinic participants, with three trained community screeners. Stage 2 compared Peek to conventional chart testing for NVI screening using Cohen's kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity and, for quantitative near visual acuity (NVA) measurement, using Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) in 600 participants with two screeners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In stage 1, interobserver variability using Peek ranged from 96.43% to 98.21% (kappa = 0.92-0.96). In stage 2, there was overall agreement in 95.8% of cases (kappa = 0.91). Peek testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.22-94.1) and 99.41% (95% CI, 97.86-99.84), respectively. For NVA testing, the 95% LoA between Peek and chart testing were within -0.11 and +0.07 logMAR. 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Near Visual Acuity Measurements by Community Screeners Using Digital (Peek) Testing Versus Conventional Charts in India.
Purpose: The Peek digital near vision test has been previously validated in a trial setting; here it is assessed in clinic (stage 1) and community (stage 2) settings.
Methods: The study was carried out in the catchment area of Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Mohammadi, Uttar Pradesh, India, with a total of 768 participants. Stage 1 assessed the interobserver variability of Peek near vision impairment (NVI) screening in 168 clinic participants, with three trained community screeners. Stage 2 compared Peek to conventional chart testing for NVI screening using Cohen's kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity and, for quantitative near visual acuity (NVA) measurement, using Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) in 600 participants with two screeners.
Results: In stage 1, interobserver variability using Peek ranged from 96.43% to 98.21% (kappa = 0.92-0.96). In stage 2, there was overall agreement in 95.8% of cases (kappa = 0.91). Peek testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.22-94.1) and 99.41% (95% CI, 97.86-99.84), respectively. For NVA testing, the 95% LoA between Peek and chart testing were within -0.11 and +0.07 logMAR. Mean test time was 40.3 seconds (95% CI, 38.8-41.7) for Peek versus 46.6 seconds (95% CI, 45.5-47.7) for a conventional chart.
Conclusions: The previously demonstrated validity of Peek testing was maintained when used by trained community screeners.
Translational relevance: The Peek near vision test can be used as a validated method of NVA/NVI measurement in research, clinical and community settings.
期刊介绍：
Translational Vision Science & Technology (TVST), an official journal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), an international organization whose purpose is to advance research worldwide into understanding the visual system and preventing, treating and curing its disorders, is an online, open access, peer-reviewed journal emphasizing multidisciplinary research that bridges the gap between basic research and clinical care. A highly qualified and diverse group of Associate Editors and Editorial Board Members is led by Editor-in-Chief Marco Zarbin, MD, PhD, FARVO.
The journal covers a broad spectrum of work, including but not limited to:
Applications of stem cell technology for regenerative medicine,
Development of new animal models of human diseases,
Tissue bioengineering,
Chemical engineering to improve virus-based gene delivery,
Nanotechnology for drug delivery,
Design and synthesis of artificial extracellular matrices,
Development of a true microsurgical operating environment,
Refining data analysis algorithms to improve in vivo imaging technology,
Results of Phase 1 clinical trials,
Reverse translational ("bedside to bench") research.
TVST seeks manuscripts from scientists and clinicians with diverse backgrounds ranging from basic chemistry to ophthalmic surgery that will advance or change the way we understand and/or treat vision-threatening diseases. TVST encourages the use of color, multimedia, hyperlinks, program code and other digital enhancements.
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