Translational Vision Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Time in Range for Visual Acuity and Macular Thickness as Outcome Measures for Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Igor Kozak, Meet Panjwani, Robert Wu, Jonathan M Holmes","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.8.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare performance of time in range (TIR) with other traditional longitudinal outcome measures (change from baseline and area under the curve [AUC] for change).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from DRCR.net Randomized Clinical Trials (Protocol T, I and AC) for diabetic macular edema, with outcomes of visual acuity (VA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) central subfield thickness (CST). Outcomes were calculated at one year, stratified by baseline VA (0-39, 40-59, 60-69, and ≥70 letters score). TIR-VA was defined as proportion of time with VA above threshold (64, 69, 74, 79, and 84), and TIR-CST as proportion of time with CST equal or less than threshold (250, 300, 350, and 400 µm). Performance was assessed based on effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Protocol T, TIR-VA had largest effect size when baseline VA was poor: TIR-VA 69 (0.655), AUC-VA (0.607), and change VA (0.557). When baseline VA was moderate and good, TIR-VA effect sizes were similar to AUC-VA and change-VA. When baseline VA was excellent, effect size was largest for TIR-VA 74 versus AUC-VA or change-VA (0.199 vs. 0.179 vs. 0.083). For CST outcomes, TIR-CST was similar to or better than AUC-CST and change-CST across most baseline VA strata. In Protocols I and AC, TIR outcomes also had similar or larger effect size than AUC and change.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TIR-VA and TIR-CST performed well across baseline VA strata and across RCTs.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>TIR-VA and TIR-CST may be complementary outcome measures for future RCTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13496265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystalline Lens Tilts Less With Higher Myopia in Children With Limited Age-Related Effect.","authors":"Ruozhen Ruan, Jian Cao, Xuepei Li, Yin Hu, Zhouyue Li, Hongmei Tan, Mengyi Wang, Xiao Yang","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.6","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate tilted crystalline lens morphology in children across different orientations and their correlations with age and spherical equivalent (SE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study encompassed 966 eyes of 493 children (5-15 years; SE, -6.00 to +3.00 diopters [D]). The binocular crystalline lens biometrics in 16 orientations were measured using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Parameters included the anterior radius of the lens (LAR), posterior radius of the lens (LPR), thickness, and diameter, as well as lens tilt and decentration. Group comparisons were performed among non-, low-, and moderate-myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lens tilt and decentration demonstrated semi-periodic variations (R2 = 0.984 and R2 = 0.789, respectively). Lenses predominantly tilted temporal-inferiorly, with corresponding temporal decentration. The non-myopia group had significantly higher LAR and LPR (more curved) than the low- and moderate-myopia groups (all P < 0.001). As myopia increased, lens tilt consistently decreased across all refractive subgroups (all P < 0.001), whereas other parameters either reached a turning point at approximately -4.00 D or showed no linearity. Age-stratified polynomial analysis revealed that the positive correlation between lens tilt and SE remained strong within the range of -4.18 D to +3.00 D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the lens maintains a greater tilt toward the temporal and inferior regions, it exhibits less tilt and becomes more orthotopic in eyes with higher myopia across different age groups in children.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>This study established crystalline lens tilt as a robust, less age-dependent biomarker that could enhance the prediction of myopia progression and facilitate individualized risk assessment in pediatric refractive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Field Progression Rate and Laminar Depth and Curvature in the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES).","authors":"Karla Murillo, Anuwat Jiravarnsirikul, Evan Walker, Massimo A Fazio, Stuart Gardiner, Robert N Weinreb, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Linda M Zangwill, Christopher A Girkin","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether lamina cribrosa (LC) depth and curvature predict visual field (VF) progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anterior laminar cribrosa surface depth (ALCSD) and LC curvature index (LCCI) were defined by spectral domain optic coherence tomographic (SDOCT) images. All scans were processed using a deep learning software to perform layer segmentation. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test associations between VF progression rate, ALCSD, and other demographic and clinical characteristics and known risk factors for progressive POAG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 584 eyes from 359 POAG patients were analyzed, comprising 167 African Descent (AD) eyes (292 eyes) and 192 European Descent (ED) eyes (292 eyes). There was a statistically significant relationship between faster VF progression rates, and a deeper ALCSD (-0.02 dB/year/50  µm, P < 0.001) and LCCI (-0.01 dB/year/unit, P < 0.001). There was also increasing progression seen in both models with increasing age (-0.025 dB/year/10 years, P < 0.007), intraocular pressure (IOP) (-0.011 dB/year per 2 mm Hg, P = 0.021), and disease severity (0.017 dB/year per dB, P < 0.001). The rate of progression was faster in the ED (used as the reference group) cohort (-0.056 dB/year, P = 0.006) following propensity matching for disease severity and age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our cohort, there was a statistically significant association between VF rate and ALCSD and curvature (LCCI). A 50  µm deeper LC at baseline had a similar effect on VF progression as being 10 years of age or older.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>LC depth and curvature may serve as structural biomarkers to identify patients with glaucoma at a higher risk of progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive Error Coverage and Related Sociodemographic Factors: A Study of 1.1 Million Students in Schools of Hubei Province, China.","authors":"Ouwen Duan, Lianqun Wu, Cancan Zhang, Yi Lu, Lurun Yu, Qi Gong, Qing Yuan, Lianhong Zhou","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.5","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the prevalence of refractive error coverage and its multidimensional sociodemographic influencing factors among 1.1 million school-aged students in Hubei Province, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based, cross-sectional study (2022-2024) included 1,113,548 students selected via stratified cluster sampling across Hubei Province, China. Standardized clinical assessments comprised distance visual acuity (VA) and noncycloplegic autorefraction. Students were defined as eligible for correction if presenting with functional visual impairment (uncorrected VA >0.2 logMAR) accompanied by myopia (≤-0.50 diopters [D]), hyperopia (≥+2.00 D), or astigmatism (≥0.75 D). Refractive error coverage was calculated as the proportion of eligible students possessing vision-improving glasses. A nested questionnaire substudy (n = 17,014) evaluated multidimensional sociodemographic determinants. Predictors of coverage were identified using both multivariate logistic regression and a random forest machine learning algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,113,548 students, 41.26% were eligible for correction, and the overall refractive error coverage was 57.92%. Coverage was significantly positively associated with educational level and inversely with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) severity (P < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed higher coverage was significantly associated with female gender, non-left-behind status (odds ratio = 2.30), better academic performance, higher parental education, and parental glasses wear. Random forest analysis identified bilateral UCVA and grade level as the top predictors of coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Refractive error coverage among Hubei students remains suboptimal. Improving these rates requires targeted public health interventions prioritizing males, lower-grade students, and rural/left-behind children, alongside initiatives to enhance parental eye health literacy.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>By translating data from over 1.1 million students into predictive models, this study provides a robust, evidence-based foundation to optimize targeted clinical vision screening protocols for vulnerable pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Within-Population Comparison of the Psychometric Properties and Clinical Feasibility of Visual Function Questionnaires in Low Vision.","authors":"Micaela Gobeille, Nicole Ross, Chris Bradley","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.23","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine which of three visual function questionnaires (VFQs) is most appropriate and practical for low vision (LV) clinical use when administered to the same LV patient sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Activity Inventory goals (AI-G), Veterans Affairs Low-Vision Visual Functioning Questionnaire 48 (VA LV VFQ-48), and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 visual function subscale (NEI VFQ-25c-VF) were administered to 74 patients with LV pre- and 6 months post-LV examination. Rasch analysis estimated person measures, item measures, and infit mean square statistics (infits). Targeting was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, while Deming regression and Pearson correlation tests compared person measures between VFQs and between pre- and post-LV examination. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared administration time per item for a subset (n = 30) of participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant ceiling effects were observed for AI-G and VA LV VFQ-48, but not for NEI VFQ-25c-VF (P = 0.39). However, NEI VFQ-25c-VF had the highest percentage of combined pre- and post-LV person (31.1%) and item (20%) infits beyond a desirable range of 0.5 to 1.5, indicating greater multidimensionality. Person measures were moderately correlated between AI-G and both VA LV VFQ-48 (r = 0.64) and NEI VFQ-25c-VF (r = 0.63), but strongly correlated between NEI VFQ-25c-VF and VA LV VFQ-48 (r = 0.85). Regarding clinical practicality, pre-LV examination administration time per item was significantly faster for VA LV VFQ-48 than for AI-G (P = 0.00016) or NEI VFQ-25c-VF (P = 0.0065).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No VFQ was superior in all respects. Although NEI VFQ-25c-VF had the best targeting, its higher multidimensionality supports using VA LV VFQ-48 if patient ability remains below the instrument ceiling.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Improvements to widely used VFQs are required for use in LV clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Functional Alterations in the Mouse Retina After Sodium Fluorescein Administration.","authors":"Tianchang Tao, Jie Zheng, Xian Wang, Lun Liu, Lixia Feng","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.9","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sodium fluorescein (SF) is commonly used to observe retinal and choroidal vasculature for clinical or scientific purposes, but few studies focused on concentration of fluorescein, volume injected, and rate of injection in animal experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SF on structure and function of the retina in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.7% saline solution, 5.0% SF, and 10.0% SF, morphological, functional, and molecular changes of the retina were evaluated by fluorescein angiography, electroretinography (ERG), histology, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluorescein intensity of 10.0% SF-treated mice was higher than 5.0% SF-treated mice. ERG showed early reduction of retinal function, followed progressive restoration of ERG responses. Histology revealed irregular or disorganized features of outer retina after SF administration. TUNEL assay revealed apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer. IHC demonstrated comparable expressions of Rhodopsin, M-opsin, and S-opsin in all groups, but the 10.0% SF-treated mice exhibited the higher immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Molecular analysis showed increased expressions of BAX, NRF2, and HO1, and decreased expression of BCL2 in the retina and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Administration of a higher dose of SF could induce some abnormal alterations in the retina, which were not easily distinguishable from pathological changes in the development of ocular diseases in animal models.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>The SF-induced retinal changes that are similar with some histopathological features could affect the authenticity of experimental data, which optimizing the dose of SF should not be ignored in experimental research on mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Targeted Choroidal Injury Model for the Study of Retinal Degenerations and Therapeutic Cell Replacement.","authors":"Narendra Pandala, Lorena De Melo Haefeli, Mallory Lang, Edwin M Stone, Robert F Mullins, Budd A Tucker, Ian C Han","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Loss of the choroid is an important pathophysiological step in retinal diseases ranging from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to choroideremia. However, current models of choroidal injury, such as laser photocoagulation-induced injury, induce acute tissue damage that does not parallel the gradual loss seen in most retinal degenerations. As such, there remains a need for models of targeted choroidal injury to study mechanisms of disease and develop potential treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report a targeted choroidal injury model using bioconjugated saporins (immunotoxins) against cluster of differentiation (CD) domains CD38 and CD105. To induce injury, 10 µL of bioconjugate solution or control (phosphate-buffered saline) was delivered via suprachoroidal injection in wild-type Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Sprague-Dawley Rag2/Il2rg (SRG; double-knockout) rats. The extent and severity of choroidal injury were compared with animals treated with sodium iodate administered via tail vein injections at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-treatment using clinical imaging and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Choroidal injury induced by either anti-CD38 or anti-CD105 immunotoxin was targeted to the choroid and localized to the sector of the injection, unlike global destruction induced by sodium iodate. Immunotoxin-induced vascular damage remained constant over 3 weeks, without choroidal neovascularization seen, whereas sodium iodate caused progressive and severe injury of the choroid and overlying retina.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suprachoroidal injection of anti-CD38 and anti-CD105 immunotoxins can induce localized and durable choroidal injury in both wild-type and immunosuppressed rats.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Immunotoxin-based models of targeted choroidal injury may be useful for understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms and developing therapies in conditions involving choroidal cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do Infrequent Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Measurements Reveal About Intraocular Pressure Profiles After Nonpenetrating Glaucoma Surgery?","authors":"Colya N Englisch, André M Trouvain, Philip Wakili, H Burkhard Dick, Kaweh Mansouri, Esther M Hoffmann, Marc J Mackert, Karl T Boden, Peter Szurman","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.28","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate how reliably single Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) measurements reflect the preceding month's intraocular pressure (IOP) profile in operated open-angle glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study included 24 patients with a suprachoroidal telemetric IOP sensor analyzing 156 in-hospital GAT measurements, 154 simultaneous telemetric readings, and 13,734 at-home measurements across follow-up visits. Telemetric data from the 30 days prior to each visit were stratified by time of day and matched to corresponding GAT measurements, which, in turn, were ranked relative to the interquartile range (IQR) of the preceding at-home measurements. Peak-and-trough analyses were performed using hourly aggregated data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GAT and telemetric IOP measurements showed good agreement (mean ΔIOP = -0.1 ± 3.0 mm Hg). However, 59.7% of the GAT-measured IOP values exceeded the IQR, and 14.3% fell below the IQR of the corresponding telemetric distributions; only 26.0% were within the IQR. Deviations from the telemetric median were 4.2 ± 2.4 mm Hg (above IQR), -2.3 ± 1.5 mm Hg (below IQR), and 0.5 ± 1.2 mm Hg (within IQR). Of the 99 statistically significant extrema (45 peaks and 54 troughs), most peaks occurred within 3 hours before GAT measurements. Troughs were observed both before and after GAT, but with larger nyctohemeral misalignment to GAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single GAT measurements frequently failed to represent the underlying 30-day IOP profile and often missed clinically relevant peaks and troughs, despite good pointwise agreement with telemetric measurements.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>High-frequency telemetric monitoring provides a more comprehensive assessment of IOP dynamics and may improve individualized glaucoma management compared with infrequent GAT snapshot measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of Foveal Sensitivity Measured Using Adaptive Optics Microperimetry.","authors":"Nivedhitha Govindasamy, William S Tuten, David H Brainard, Jessica I W Morgan","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.3","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the within and between-session repeatability of foveal sensitivity measurements using adaptive optics (AO) microperimetry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five normal-sighted participants underwent AO microperimetry testing (550-nm circular stimulus) at the preferred retinal locus across two sessions (2 months ± 2 weeks). Two psychophysical paradigms were used: quick estimation of threshold (QUEST) and method of constant stimuli (MOCS). Each paradigm employed both 1.05-arcmin2 and 30.4-arcmin2 stimulus sizes; stimuli were not stabilized in real time. Trial-by-trial responses were fit with a logistic psychometric function to obtain thresholds at a criterion of 78% seen. Thresholds were converted to sensitivity. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired-sample t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sensitivities measured from QUEST and MOCS procedures were not significantly different (QUEST: 1.05 arcmin2, P = 0.36 for session 1 and P = 0.41 for session 2; MOCS: 30.4 arcmin2, P = 0.14 for session 1 and P = 0.12 for session 2). Data were thus combined across paradigms for tests of repeatability. Sensitivities for data split into two groups within session 1 and separately within session 2 were not significantly different (QUEST: 1.05 arcmin2, P = 0.34 for session 1 and P = 0.51 for session 2; MOCS: 30.4 arcmin2, P = 0.31 for session 1 and P = 0.27 for session 2). Overall, sensitivities across the two sessions were not significantly different (QUEST: 1.05 arcmin2, P = 0.06; MOCS: 30.4 arcmin2, P = 0.81). The coefficients of repeatability across sessions were 1.5 decibels (dB) and 0.4 dB for 1.05 arcmin2 and 30.4 arcmin2, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity measurements from AO microperimetry were repeatable within and across sessions.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>Results of the present study will guide future longitudinal studies of disease progression in detecting sensitivity changes using AO microperimetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13450651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Three-Dimensional Ocular Shape on Longitudinal Biometric Changes: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Feng Jiang, Huawang Wu, Ou Xiao, Xinxing Guo, Mingguang He, Zhixi Li","doi":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.18","DOIUrl":"10.1167/tvst.15.8.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate progression rates of ocular biometry in various ocular shapes using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Highly myopic participants (spherical power ≤ -6 diopters [D]) of the prospective cohort study underwent ocular biometry, cycloplegic refraction and MRI examinations. Ocular shapes were classified using 3D MRI as spheroidal, ellipsoidal, conical, nasally distorted, temporally distorted, or barrel shaped. Spheroidal and ellipsoidal shapes were further categorized into non-deformed forms and other shapes were deformed. Mixed-effects model was used to assess the association between the change rate of spherical equivalent (SE) and ocular biometry and ocular shape. Machine learning models were developed to predict annual AL and SE progression rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 eyes including 89 non-deformed eyes and 61 deformed eyes from 75 Participants (36 females [48.00%]) were followed up for 6.70 ± 2.66 years, with a mean age of 34.30 ± 13.43 years. Mean SE and axial length (AL) were -11.49 ± 3.76 D and 28.23 ± 1.72 mm. Eyes showed progressive myopic shift (-0.36 D/y; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.45 to -0.26) and axial elongation (0.07 mm/y; 95% CI, 0.06-0.08). Deformed ocular (61 eyes) exhibited faster SE progression (β = -0.20, P < 0.001) and AL elongation (β = 0.05, P < 0.001) compared with non-deformed shapes (89 eyes). For annual AL progression, the random forest model achieved the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (0.067; 95% CI, 0.048-0.087). For annual SE progression, the XGBoost model outperformed other algorithms with the lowest RMSE (0.644; 95% CI, 0.192-1.248).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ocular shapes continue to progress in SE and AL, with deformed ocular demonstrating higher rates of SE and AL than non-deformed shapes.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>A 3D MRI-based ocular shape identifies highly myopic eyes at increased risk of rapid biometric progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23322,"journal":{"name":"Translational Vision Science & Technology","volume":"15 8","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}