You-Seok Suh, G. Heuss, H. Zhong, Shin-Nam Hong, V. Misra
{"title":"Electrical characteristics of TaSi/sub x/N/sub y/ gate electrodes for dual gate Si-CMOS devices","authors":"You-Seok Suh, G. Heuss, H. Zhong, Shin-Nam Hong, V. Misra","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934940","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the physical and electrical properties of TaSi/sub x/N/sub y/ films are evaluated for gate electrode applications. MOS capacitors with TaSi/sub x/N/sub y/ gates of varying N concentrations were fabricated. The stability of TaSi/sub x/N/sub y//SiO/sub 2//p-type Si stacks was studied at annealing temperatures of 700/spl deg/C, 900/spl deg/C, and 1000/spl deg/C in Ar. When the nitrogen content exceeds 35 at%, excellent stability of oxide thickness and gate current is observed for anneals up to 1000/spl deg/C. The results also indicate that the work function of TaSi/sub x/N/sub y/ is compatible with NMOS devices.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122324860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Rim, S. J. Koester, Michael J. Hargrove, J. Chu, Patricia M. Mooney, John A. Ott, T. Kanarsky, P. Ronsheim, M. Ieong, A. Grill, Hon-Sum Philip Wong
{"title":"Strained Si NMOSFETs for high performance CMOS technology","authors":"K. Rim, S. J. Koester, Michael J. Hargrove, J. Chu, Patricia M. Mooney, John A. Ott, T. Kanarsky, P. Ronsheim, M. Ieong, A. Grill, Hon-Sum Philip Wong","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934946","url":null,"abstract":"Performance enhancements in strained Si NMOSFETs were demonstrated at L/sub eff/<70 nm. A 70% increase in electron mobility was observed at vertical fields as high as 1.5 MV/cm for the first time, suggesting a new mobility enhancement mechanism in addition to reduced phonon scattering. Current drive increase by /spl ges/35% was observed at L/sub eff/<70 nm. These results indicate that strain can be used to improve CMOS device performance at sub-100 nm technology nodes.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129261852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Takeuchi, K. Inoue, M. Sakao, T. Sakoh, T. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Iizuka, T. Yamamoto, H. Shirai, Y. Aoki, M. Hamada, R. Kubota, S. Kishi
{"title":"A 0.15 /spl mu/m logic based embedded DRAM technology featuring 0.425 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ stacked cell using MIM (metal-insulator-metal) capacitor","authors":"M. Takeuchi, K. Inoue, M. Sakao, T. Sakoh, T. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Iizuka, T. Yamamoto, H. Shirai, Y. Aoki, M. Hamada, R. Kubota, S. Kishi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934931","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed embedded DRAM technology, in which 0.15 /spl mu/m logic transistor performance is fully compatible with that of pure logic processes. The key technology is the newly developed MIM capacitor element with W-TiN-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/-TiN structure. Temperatures as low as 500/spl deg/C are sufficient for the formation process for this MIM capacitor element. Excellent leakage current characteristics of 8/spl times/10/sup -15/ A//spl mu/m/sup 2/ at 125/spl deg/C with T/sub eq/ (equivalent oxide thickness) of 17 /spl Aring/ have been obtained. This technology has been actually implemented into a 4 Mbit test chip with cell size of 0.425 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Over 50% yield without redundancy was obtained, confirming that there are no basic issues in process integration.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High performance sub-60 nm SOI MOSFETs with 1.2 nm thick nitride/oxide gate dielectric","authors":"W. Maszara, S. Krishnan, Q. Xiang, M. Lin","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934952","url":null,"abstract":"High performance sub-60 nm SOI CMOS transistors have been developed. An aggressively scaled, 1.2 nm thick, gate dielectric sandwich containing silicon nitride and dioxide layers allowed full control of boron penetration with manageable levels of gate leakage. Excellent values of I/sub dsat/ of 850 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m and 500 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for NMOS and PMOS were respectively obtained at V/sub dd/=1.2 V and I/sub off/=100 nA//spl mu/m. The CV/I metric was 1.0 and 1.9 ps for NMOS and PMOS respectively.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.N. Kim, H. Jeong, W.S. Yang, Y. Hwang, C. Cho, M. Jeong, S. Park, S. Ahn, Y. Chun, S. shin, J. Park, S.H. Song, J.Y. Lee, S. Jang, C.H. Lee, J. Jeong, K. Cho, H. Yoon, J. Jeon
{"title":"Highly manufacturable and high performance SDR/DDR 4 Gb DRAM","authors":"K.N. Kim, H. Jeong, W.S. Yang, Y. Hwang, C. Cho, M. Jeong, S. Park, S. Ahn, Y. Chun, S. shin, J. Park, S.H. Song, J.Y. Lee, S. Jang, C.H. Lee, J. Jeong, K. Cho, H. Yoon, J. Jeon","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934920","url":null,"abstract":"A 4 Gb SDR/DDR DRAM is fabricated with 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first working DRAM ever achieved at such a high density. The cell size and chip size of the 4 Gb DRAM are approximately 0.1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 645 mm/sup 2/, respectively. The key technologies developed for this 4 Gb DRAM are KrF lithography with RET, novel ILD gap-filling, full SAC with LSC, novel W-BL, low-temperature Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ MIS capacitor, and triple level CVD-Al interconnection technology. The key features of these technologies were reported elsewhere (Jeong et al., Tech. Digest of IEDM, pp. 353-6, 2000). The summary of 0.11 /spl mu/m DRAM technology is listed and compared with our previous 0.13 /spl mu/m (Kim et al., 2000) and 0.15 /spl mu/m (Kim et al., 1998) generations. We have found that random single-bit and/or twin-bit failures and block failures are the most critical issues to be solved for achieving good functionality of 4 Gb DRAM. In order to get rid of the single and twin bit failures, 80 nm array transistors, sub-80 nm memory cell contacts and mechanically robust capacitors are developed and triple-level CVD Al technology is optimized to reduce block failure as well as improve chip performance. In this paper, these technologies for achieving good functionality with high performance are highlighted in detail.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Choi, C. Kang, B. Lee, K. Onishi, R. Nieh, S. Gopalan, E. Dharmarajan, J.C. Lee
{"title":"High-quality ultra-thin HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric MOSFETs with TaN electrode and nitridation surface preparation","authors":"R. Choi, C. Kang, B. Lee, K. Onishi, R. Nieh, S. Gopalan, E. Dharmarajan, J.C. Lee","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934924","url":null,"abstract":"A surface preparation technique using an NH/sub 3/ anneal has been investigated to reduce interface reaction and consequently the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of hafnium oxide for alternative gate dielectric applications. MOSCAPs and MOSFETs were fabricated on the NH/sub 3/ nitrided substrates with HfO/sub 2/ dielectric and TaN gate electrode. Using this nitridation technique, EOT of as thin as 7.1 /spl Aring/ with 10/sup -2/ A/cm/sup 2/ at -1.5 V was obtained. Furthermore, excellent device characteristics and reasonable reliability have been achieved.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116908112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yasuda, N. Kimizuka, K. Watanabe, T. Tatsumi, A. Ono, K. Fukasaku, K. Imai, N. Nakamura
{"title":"Radical nitridation in multi-oxide process for 100 nm generation CMOS technology","authors":"Y. Yasuda, N. Kimizuka, K. Watanabe, T. Tatsumi, A. Ono, K. Fukasaku, K. Imai, N. Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934958","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new multi-oxide technology, which drastically improves the ratio of the drive current to the gate leakage current for both high-performance (HP) transistors and low-power (LP) transistors on the same die. The key technology is radical nitridation (Watanabe et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 76, p. 2940, 2000; Togo et al, VLSI Tech. Symp., p. 116, 2000) followed by multi-oxide formation. In addition, it is easier to integrate with conventional CMOS processes compared with high-k dielectrics. Only one additional step reduces equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the LP transistor by 0.3 nm, thereby improving the drive current (I/sub on/). It also suppresses the gate leakage current (I/sub g/) for HP transistors by two orders of magnitude without an increase of EOT. Each oxide thickness of the multi-oxide is scalable to support various system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123228180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hiratani, T. Hamada, S. Iijima, Y. Ohji, I. Asano, N. Nakanishi, S. Kimura
{"title":"A heteroepitaxial MIM-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ capacitor with enhanced dielectric constant for DRAMs of G-bit generation and beyond","authors":"M. Hiratani, T. Hamada, S. Iijima, Y. Ohji, I. Asano, N. Nakanishi, S. Kimura","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934937","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a novel MIM capacitor with a heteroepitaxial Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ dielectric, the permittivity of which is as high as 50. The heteroepitaxy of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ on the Ru electrode changes its crystal symmetry from a conventional orthorhombic system to a hexagonal one. One-dimensional Ta-O-Ta chains along the c-axis bring about delocalized electrons, large polarizability and thus enhanced permittivity. This technology is promising for the application of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ to Gbit DRAMs, eliminating the need to use such exotic materials as BST and STO.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122581279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-uniform chip-temperature dependent signal integrity","authors":"A. Ajami, K. Banerjee, Massoud Pedram","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934991","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional design flows, the chip temperature is assumed to be uniform across the substrate. However, for most high-performance designs, the substrate temperature is nonuniform, which can be a major source of inaccuracy in delay and skew computations. This paper introduces the analysis and modeling of nonuniform substrate temperature and its effect on signal integrity. Using a novel nonuniform temperature-dependent analytical distributed RC interconnect delay model, the thermally dependent signal integrity metrics, i.e. signal delay and clock skew, are analyzed and some design techniques are provided to eliminate the nonuniform temperature-dependent clock skew.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tanaka, S. Saida, F. Inoue, M. Kojima, T. Nakanishi, K. Suguro, Y. Tsunashima
{"title":"Realization of high performance dual gate DRAMs without boron penetration by application of tetrachlorosilane silicon nitride films","authors":"M. Tanaka, S. Saida, F. Inoue, M. Kojima, T. Nakanishi, K. Suguro, Y. Tsunashima","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.2001.934980","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that conventional SiN films accelerate boron penetration due to hydrogen desorption during a high temperature annealing process after SiN deposition (Pfiester et al, 1990). The boron penetration causes depletion of the gate electrodes and threshold voltage deviations, and degrades the PMOSFETs. In the case of next generation DRAMs, thick SiN films are necessary as a hard mask for a self-aligned contact (SAC) process to increase the density. Simultaneously, dual gate CMOS systems should be applied to realize high performance. Therefore, SiN films without boron penetration must be developed for realization of dual gate CMOS systems with a SAC process. Conventional silicon nitride (SiN) films accelerate boron penetration, which causes the degradation of PMOSFETs. It was found that boron penetration becomes worse in proportion to SiH content incorporated in SiN LPCVD films. Applications of SiH-less SiN films, formed from tetrachlorosilane (TCS) and ammonia, have successfully realized the high performance of PMOSFETs in dual gate system DRAMs.","PeriodicalId":232773,"journal":{"name":"2001 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01 CH37184)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128893747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}