Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Spatio-temporal pattern and risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks in selected high-risk areas of Kenya.","authors":"Lydia M Mageto, Nyamai Mutono, Gabriel Aboge, Peter Gathura, Emmanuel Okunga, Annastacia Muange, Cecilia Kathure Mbae, Samuel M Thumbi, Samuel Kariuki","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholera is a public health challenge in Kenya. This study aimed at identifying the spatio-temporal pattern of cholera and its associated risk factors in high-risk areas to optimize resource use for targeted control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in Mukuru, an informal settlement, Dadaab refugee camp and counties bordering Lake Victoria. Cholera line list data from 32 subcounties (2013-2022) was sourced from Kenya's Ministry of Health. Population and water, sanitation and hygiene data came from the 2019 census. Space-time scan statistic (SaTScan) were used to carry out spatio-temporal analysis and a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model evaluated cholera risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7316 cholera cases were reported across 22 (69%) subcounties, the highest numbers in 2015, 2016 and 2022 affecting 21, 12 and 3 subcounties, respectively, and none in 2014. Five high-risk space-time clusters encompassing 15 subcounties were identified, with Dadaab and Fafi showing persistent outbreaks. Improved sanitation was the only variable that suggested significant protective effects to cholera control (relative risk 0.9445, p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dadaab and Fafi subcounties were extremely high-risk and improved sanitation significantly reduced cholera outbreaks. These data inform cholera intervention policies in vulnerable regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma experienced by people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Olusola A Adejumo, Champaklal Jinabhai, Olusoji Daniel, Firoza Haffejee","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) stigma is one of the factors responsible for low notification rates in Nigeria, especially among people with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). This study assessed the factors associated with stigma among people with DR-TB in Lagos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adults on DR-TB treatment. The Redwood DR-TB stigma scale was used to assess the stigma experienced by people with DR-TB. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the factors associated with TB stigma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of TB stigma was 65.5%. Being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.59 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.03 to 6.50], p=0.042), not earning an income (aOR 2.57 [95% CI 1.84 to 7.85], p=0.039), substance use (alcohol or cigarette smoking; aOR 1.61 [95% CI 1.06 to 3.88], p=0.028) and the duration of the DR-TB diagnosis (aOR 2.72 [95% CI 1.94 to 3.83], p<0.001) were associated with stigma among people with DR-TB. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative participants experienced TB stigma 2.4 times more (crude OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.14 to 5.04], p=0.021) than HIV-positive participants, although the relationship was not sustained in the multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Having identified the factors associated with stigma in this target population, it is imperative to address and control them among DR-TB patients in Lagos, Nigeria. The urgent need for stigma reduction strategies cannot be overemphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of geo-climatic factors on the prevalence and diversity of tick fauna in Achai cattle of the northern Hindukush Mountains, Khyber pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","authors":"Israr Khan, Zia Ur Rehman Khalil, Muhammad Shuaib, Sami Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Obaid Ullah, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui, Anthony Pokoo-Aikins, Majid S Jabir, Ayman A Swelum","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit different diseases in livestock and humans. Globally, 994 tick species are recognized, belonging to three families, that is, Argasidae (220 species), Ixodidae (773 species) and Nuttalliellidae (one species). The current study investigated the impact of geo-climatic conditions on the prevalence and distribution of ticks in Achai cattle of the northern Hindukush Mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 707 households containing Achai cattle were investigated for the prevalence and distribution of ticks in Achai cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of positive households (388) was 53.46%. Different geo-climatic conditions, such as location, humidity, temperature and altitude, showed a significant impact on the prevalence and distribution of tick fauna. Higher tick prevalence was observed in Achai animals kept at altitudes of 1500-2000 m, 41-50% humidity and 10-20oC. The most prevalent tick species was Rhipicephalus microplus (67.26%), followed by Haemaphysalis montgomeryi (16.75%), under all studied geo-climatic conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Achai cattle are mostly susceptible to the tick species R. microplus, which might be due to its richness in the study area. Furthermore, the results regarding the impact of geo-climatic conditions on the diversity and richness of the tick species could be considered in preventive policies for tick control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions and repeat motifs in Chhattisgarh, India (2017-2018).","authors":"Shrikant Nema, Monika Kumari, Kanika Verma, Sri Krishna, Nazia A Ali, Anil Kumar Verma, Aparup Das, Anup R Anvikar, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Praveen Kumar Bharti","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vital for malaria diagnosis, especially in resource-limited areas. RDTs targeting histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its structural homologue PfHRP3 are commonly used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum. However, genetic deletions in these proteins can affect test accuracy. This study aims to examine the gene deletions and sequence variation in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes in P. falciparum isolates from Chhattisgarh, India, and assess their correlation with RDT reactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 264 microscopically confirmed P. falciparumpositive samples from Chhattisgarh were analyzed for deletions in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes. Nucleotide sequences were obtained for the Pfhrp2 (n=101) and Pfhrp3 (n=95) genes. The sequence data were analyzed for repeat motifs and correlated with the RDT performance, especially at low parasite densities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The deletion rates for Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 were found to be 3.8% and 14%, respectively. The Pfhrp2 gene exhibited 15 distinct repeat motifs, while the Pfhrp3 gene showed 10 repeat motifs. No significant correlation was observed between variations in repeat types 2 and 7 of Pfhrp2 and the commercial RDT performance, particularly at low parasite densities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that the deletion rates and sequence diversity of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 in Chhattisgarh are below the WHO threshold of 5% for a policy change regarding Pfhrp2 gene deletion. Sequence diversity does not appear to compromise the performance of current PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, a larger-scale study encompassing other endemic regions of India is recommended for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact on RDT efficacy over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of cervical laceration following vaginal deliveries in Punakha, Bhutan.","authors":"Nima Dorji, Manish Raj Gurung, Kinga Wangmo, Pema Wangchuk, Daniel Chateau, Tsheten Tsheten","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical laceration is a critical health issue with significant maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of cervical laceration among mothers following spontaneous vaginal delivery in Punakha, Bhutan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study using a population-based sampling technique included 180 mothers who had spontaneous vaginal delivery. The researchers developed the instruments for data collection and employed logistic regression to identify the predictors of cervical laceration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of cervical laceration was 23.10% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.2 to 27.9). Logistic regression revealed that mothers ≤19 y of age had 3.5 times higher odds of experiencing cervical lacerations compared with those ≥30 y of age (adjusted odds ratio 3.5 [95% CI 1.27 to 9.74]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of cervical laceration was high in this study, with teenagers being at greater risk of experiencing this complication. The Health Ministry of Bhutan needs to strategize and revamp the existing policies and create better awareness campaigns to reduce teenage pregnancies and the grave consequences associated with it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian vertebrate hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus: a review of the evidence.","authors":"Kevin T Moore, Madelyn J Mangan, Belinda Linnegar, Tejas S Athni, Hamish I McCallum, Brendan J Trewin, Eloise Skinner","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in temperate Australia has underscored a critical need to characterise transmission pathways and identify probable hosts of the virus. This systematic review consolidates existing research on the vertebrate hosts of JEV that are known to exist in Australia. Specifically, we aim to identify probable species involved in JEV transmission, their potential role as hosts and identify critical knowledge gaps. Data were extracted from studies involving experimental infection, seroprevalence and virus isolation and were available for 22 vertebrate species known to reside in Australia. A host competence score was calculated to assess the ability of each species to generate and sustain a viraemia. Based on the host competence score and ecology of each species, we find that ardeid birds, feral pigs and flying foxes have potential as maintenance hosts for JEV in the Australian context. We also note that domestic pigs are frequently infected during outbreaks, but their role as amplification hosts in Australia is unclear. Evidence to confirm these roles is sparse, emphasising the need for further targeted research. This review provides a foundation for future investigations into JEV transmission in Australia, advocating for enhanced surveillance and standardised research methodologies to better understand and mitigate the virus's impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"189-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people living with HIV in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.","authors":"Victoria Peter Etuk, Charity Sanni, Oluwafemi Omonijo, Stella Ijioma Atema, Temitayo Lawal, Anthonia Murna Yashim-Ankut, Ifeyinwa Ejinkeonye, Henry Chijioke Onyegbutulem, Oyewole K Oyedele, Imoiboho Williams, Nifarta Peingurta Andrew, Evaezi Okpokoro","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated coronavirus disease 2109 (COVID-19) vaccine uptake and determinants among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in FCT, Nigeria. We utilized an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Vaccine uptake was measured using the question 'Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?' and was confirmed with a vaccination card by the interviewer. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ2 and binary logistic regressions in Stata version 18.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 252 study participants, 87 (34.5%) had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with uptake lower in females than males (30.5% vs 46.1%; p=0.022). Being >50 y of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.870 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.049 to 7.858], p=0.040) was associated with higher vaccine uptake, while being virally unsuppressed (aOR 0.313 [95% CI 0.099 to 0.985], p=0.047) and not believing COVID-19 disease is real (aOR 0.324 [95% CI 0.147 to 0.717], p=0.005) were associated with lower odds of vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccination uptake was low among PLHIV in our study. It is critical to target vaccination campaigns to PLHIV, particularly females and younger people. Proper education about COVID-19 itself would contribute to vaccine uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"210-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health economics of snakebite envenomation: A sub-Saharan African perspective.","authors":"Innocent Ayesiga, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, Alex Akaka, Olivier Kubwimana, Joshua Naatey Ternor, Ukasha Musa Hashim, Gertrude Ahenewaa Gyabaah, Justice Kwadwo Turzin, Ivan Kahwa","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is affected by the high direct and indirect costs of snakebite envenomation. With >30% of global mortality, different economic barriers still exist, and effective strategies must be employed to avert the burden and promote quality of life. With the WHO target of reducing the number of snakebites by one-half by 2030, different aspects concerning snakebite envenomation economics must be evaluated, and potential strategies must be developed. Strategies such as exploring the different snakebite prevention interventions, and the costs associated with these interventions, must be prioritized through extensive research and targeted surveys. Information obtained from these surveys can be used to draft effective policies to minimize snakebite envenomation incidence, reduce the economic burden associated with envenomation and improve the quality of life of people at risk. In this narrative review, we evaluate the different aspects concerning the health economics of snakebite envenomation and explore the financial capacity of SSA countries to mitigate envenomation. Additionally, we propose multiple steps that could be undertaken to mitigate the financial burden of envenomation in SSA. Furthermore, we propose critical research strategies to minimize direct and indirect costs arising from snakebite envenomation in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"304-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of household sanitation services and faeco-oral diseases externalities in Osun State, southwest Nigeria.","authors":"O O Aluko","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining human dignity through sanitation is a perennial challenge and highlights the externalities of sanitation and hygiene services (SHS). In Nigeria, 23.2% practise open defecation, and 45.5% use basic sanitation services, although conventional sewerage systems are rare. This study determines SHS and their predictors in the context of local governance in southwest Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study applied a five-stage sampling technique and elicited information from 542 respondents using a validated semistructured questionnaire. The study results are presented by descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of respondents was 48.2±0.8 y. Of these, 64.2% were homeowners, and 40.0% were in the lower wealth quartiles. While 76.9% of respondents had access to toilets, only 16.6% and 18.1% benefitted from safely managed and basic sanitation services, respectively, with 21.2% practising open defecation. Open defecation (42.6%) was prevalent primarily in the Ayedaade local government area (LGA), while safely managed sanitation services (27.6%) and limited sanitation services (54.1%) were predominant in the Olorunda and Ilesa-West LGAs. The predictors influencing household sanitation services included residence, ethnicity and wealth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were significant inequalities in sanitation access and critical infrastructure, and sanitation quality gaps exist among respondents. The prevalence of open defecation was high, and there was variation in access to sanitation services across different LGAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"228-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of the schistosome intermediate snail host Biomphalaria pfeifferi in East Africa's river systems and the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection.","authors":"Victor O Magero, Sammy Kisara, Mbaruk A Suleman, Christopher M Wade","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a need for current and more detailed information on the distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails in East Africa's river systems. B. pfeifferi is arguably the most important snail intermediate host in the transmission of schistosomiasis, a disease ranked second to malaria in terms of tropical diseases of public health importance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the occurrence and geographical distribution of B. pfeifferi snails in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Maximum entropy modelling was used to predict the potential distribution of B. pfeifferi snails and malacological surveys were conducted guided by MaxEnt predictions and information from previous studies. Malacological surveys were conducted at a total of 172 sites, including streams, rivers, dams, irrigation schemes and springs over a 3-y period from 2018 to 2020, with geospatial, ecological and physicochemical information recorded for each site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>B. pfeifferi snails were found at 23 of the 172 sites and inhabited a variety of habitat types. Of the 23 sites where B. pfeifferi snails were found, 15 (65.2%) were streams, 3 rivers (13.04%), 2 dams (8.7%), 2 springs (8.7%) and 1 an irrigation scheme (4.35%). B. pfeifferi abundance showed a significant positive correlation with increasing water temperature and decreasing water depth. In Kenya, B. pfeifferi snails were found around the Lake Victoria basin, the Mwea irrigation scheme and in parts of the former Eastern Province of Kenya. In Uganda, B. pfeifferi snails were found in Jinja District, Ntoroko District and Soroti District. In Tanzania, B. pfeifferi snails were found in the Iringa, Tabora and Kigoma Regions. We observed moderate to high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection, with S. mansoni-infected snails found at 11 of 23 sites and with an average prevalence of 24.9% at infected sites. In Kenya, S. mansoni-infected snails were found in the Lake Victoria basin (22.5% prevalence at infected sites) and the former Eastern Province (13.5% prevalence at infected sites). In Uganda, infected snails were found in Ntoroko District (100% infected) and Soroti District (20% infected). In Tanzania, infected snails were found in the Kigoma Region, with a prevalence of 10% at the infected site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This information on the distribution of B. pfeifferi snails and S. mansoni infection in East Africa's river systems can aid in developing better prevention and control strategies for human schistosomiasis. Regular surveys of the river systems for snail intermediate hosts followed by molecular detection of schistosome infection could form a basis for the development of a prompt and cost-effective surveillance system for schistosomiasis in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"253-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}