Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Implications of predator species richness in terms of zoonotic spillover transmission of filovirus diseases in Africa.","authors":"Taehee Chang, Sung-Il Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Kyung-Duk Min","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A rich biodiversity of predators has been suggested to suppress the risk of zoonotic spillover by regulating prey abundance and behavior. We evaluated the association between predator species richness and spillover events of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Historical records of filovirus outbreaks, along with ecological, geographical and socioeconomic factors, were considered in this environmental study. We used the maximum entropy approach (Maxent modeling) and stacked species distribution models to estimate predator species richness. Logistic regression analyses accounting for spatiotemporal autocorrelations were conducted to assess the association between predator species richness and spillover risk, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher species richness of certain predators-the order Strigiformes and the family Colubridae-was associated with lower risks of Ebolavirus spillover, but not with Marburgvirus spillover. The third quartile (OR=0.02, 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]=0.00-0.84) and fourth quartile (OR=0.07, 95% BCI=0.00-0.42) of Strigiformes species richness, as well as the third quartile (OR=0.15, 95% BCI=0.01-0.73) and fourth quartile (OR=0.53, 95% BCI=0.03-0.85) of Colubridae species richness, were significantly associated with reduced odds of Ebolavirus index cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support a possible role for predator species richness in suppressing zoonotic spillover.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can malaria be eliminated? 15 years on.","authors":"Youjia Liu, Sol Richardson","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary reflects on the ongoing challenges and strategies in malaria elimination, built on insights from Greenwood's 2009 commentary, alongside more recent publications and developments up to 2024. Many of the challenges and strategies discussed by Greenwood remain relevant today. Furthermore, several of Greenwood's predictions have proven accurate 15 years on. Despite significant global progress, malaria elimination faces its toughest challenge, particularly in high-transmission areas. As we confront tougher challenges in malaria elimination, it becomes clear that we must go beyond mere reliance on any single solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"777-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions and repeat motifs in Chhattisgarh, India (2017-2018).","authors":"Shrikant Nema, Monika Kumari, Kanika Verma, Sri Krishna, Nazia A Ali, Anil Kumar Verma, Aparup Das, Anup R Anvikar, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Praveen Kumar Bharti","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vital for malaria diagnosis, especially in resource-limited areas. RDTs targeting histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its structural homologue PfHRP3 are commonly used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum. However, genetic deletions in these proteins can affect test accuracy. This study aims to examine the gene deletions and sequence variation in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes in P. falciparum isolates from Chhattisgarh, India, and assess their correlation with RDT reactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 264 microscopically confirmed P. falciparumpositive samples from Chhattisgarh were analyzed for deletions in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes. Nucleotide sequences were obtained for the Pfhrp2 (n=101) and Pfhrp3 (n=95) genes. The sequence data were analyzed for repeat motifs and correlated with the RDT performance, especially at low parasite densities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The deletion rates for Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 were found to be 3.8% and 14%, respectively. The Pfhrp2 gene exhibited 15 distinct repeat motifs, while the Pfhrp3 gene showed 10 repeat motifs. No significant correlation was observed between variations in repeat types 2 and 7 of Pfhrp2 and the commercial RDT performance, particularly at low parasite densities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that the deletion rates and sequence diversity of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 in Chhattisgarh are below the WHO threshold of 5% for a policy change regarding Pfhrp2 gene deletion. Sequence diversity does not appear to compromise the performance of current PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, a larger-scale study encompassing other endemic regions of India is recommended for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact on RDT efficacy over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"741-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in managing hump-nosed pit viper envenomation in southern India: a case study.","authors":"Anil M Philip, Jim O John, Lina J George, Sethu Rajan","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakebites are a significant health risk in India, with the 'Big Four' venomous species often overshadowing other deadly snakes like the hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale). Despite its increasing recognition for causing severe envenomation, this species remains under-reported and inadequately addressed in treatment protocols. A woman aged in her sixties was bitten by a suspected hump-nosed pit viper while working in the fields. Despite receiving 26 vials of polyvalent antisnake venom, she developed persistent coagulopathy and anaphylaxis, requiring fresh frozen plasma and antibiotics. Coagulopathy and bleeding were controlled by day 5.This case highlights the need for species-specific antivenoms and improved management protocols for envenomation by Hypnale hypnale.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"774-776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snake envenomation in Florida: a 20-year analysis of epidemiology and clinical outcomes at a tertiary medical centre.","authors":"River C Grace, Waverly Leonard, Maggie Zawoy, Norman L Beatty","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae128","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Venomous snakes are among the most lethal animals worldwide and envenomation survivors face lifelong morbidities. Envenomation is colloquially considered highly prevalent in the US state of Florida, yet envenomation trends here are currently unassessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a comprehensive analysis of causes, characteristics and treatments of Florida's snake envenomations via medical records review of envenomated patients presenting to a major academic medical centre between 2002 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Envenomation occurred predominantly in adult men when handling wild snakes. The major envenomating species were the pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius) and cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), and most patients were bitten on their hand/finger. Oedema, paraesthesia and nausea were typical, although life-threatening symptoms presented in some after envenomation by the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) and eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus). After being bitten, 10% of patients attempted contraindicated self-treatments. Although 2.03 h elapsed prior to patients encountering a healthcare provider, there was no correlation between patients' distance from the hospital and their time until arrival. An additional 4.22 h elapsed prior to administration of antivenom, and three patients died during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many envenomations were preventable incidents caused by intentional engagement with wild snakes. Education regarding avoidance of venomous snakes and seeking immediate medical care may reduce the prevalence and morbidity of future envenomations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"813-827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in assessing the impact of infection and disease control interventions over the past decade based on the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Topical Diseases (ESPEN) database.","authors":"Chi Wai Ng, Rosie Maddren, Roy M Anderson","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 2 decades there has been good progress in the control of many of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) treatable by preventative chemotherapy (PC). Continued major drug donations from pharmaceutical companies, support from philanthropic organizations and heightened international recognition of the health impacts of these diseases have each played an important role in lowering the global health burden due to NTDs. However, considerable improvement in data collection is required to accurately assess this progress as we move towards the 'end game' of eliminating these infections as a source of morbidity and mortality. The data quality, type and format collected by the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases database from the African Ministries of Health are discussed and suggestions made for improvements in collection and presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"767-770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox awareness and vaccination willingness among a household cohort in Matlab, Bangladesh.","authors":"Ryan T Rego, Ashok Kumar Barman, Abram L Wagner, Bradley Carlson, Justin Yax, Gurpreet K Rana, Samuel Watson, Dinesh Mondal, Nicolas Kaplan, Joseph Kolars, Akbar K Waljee, Matthew L Boulton, Md Alfazal Khan, Rubhana Raqib, Md Sirajul Islam","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Awareness of mpox and acceptance of vaccinations are important components of a passive surveillance system and public health control efforts. We estimate and explore factors in awareness of mpox and acceptance of mpox vaccination in Matlab, a rural region of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey in August and September 2022. A total of 700 households were approached, screened against the inclusion criteria and consented. Households were administered a survey questioning basic demographics, health access, community and government trust, sources of health information, awareness of mpox and intent to be vaccinated against mpox if the vaccine were available at no cost. We summarized the data through a univariate analysis and explored factors in awareness of mpox through a logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 700 recruited households, 501 completed the survey. Of these, 64% were aware of mpox and 94% were willing to be vaccinated against mpox. Older age had a negative association with awareness of mpox, with a -0.5 percentage point difference (95% confidence interval -1.0 to 0.1); no other demographic factor had a significant or near-significant association. Having access to a bank account and attending a clinic for healthcare needs had a significant positive association with mpox awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are strides to be made in increasing mpox awareness to strengthen passive surveillance efforts and personal protection efforts in Matlab and similar regions. This may be done through educational campaigns, increasing access to healthcare and overall improvements in health literacy. However, acceptance of the vaccination is high, presenting a learning opportunity for other contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"697-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snakebite envenomation-associated acute kidney injury: a South-Asian perspective.","authors":"P Sai Kameshwar Rao, P S Priyamvada, Chanaveerappa Bammigatti","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in tropical countries. Snakebite envenomation-associated acute kidney injury (SBE-AKI) is a major complication accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of SBE-AKI may be multifactorial, including prerenal AKI secondary to hemodynamic alterations, intrinsic renal injury, immune-related mechanisms, venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy and capillary leak syndrome. Epidemiological factors include snake species, duration and severity of snakebite, traditional healers and native medication and accessibility to modern healthcare and antisnake venom. Renal histopathology observed consist of acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, cortical necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Glomerular involvement is rare. Proteinuria can be present rarely, hematuria is more common, most often due to venom-induced coagulopathy or hemolysis; it is only rarely due to renal injury. Management includes supportive care and renal replacement therapy when indicated. Progression to chronic kidney disease remains one of the biggest concerns of SBE-AKI. Hence the role and timing of renal biopsy remain controversial, given the risk involved and the benefit obtained in cases of interstitial nephritis. Various biomarkers, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, clusterin and beta-2-glycoprotein, have shown a tendency to predict AKI and also predict progression to chronic kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"780-787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototherapy in lymphoproliferative and inflammatory diseases associated with human T-lymphotropic virus.","authors":"Brena Andrade de Lima Lobato, João Augusto Gomes de Souza Monteiro de Brito, José Maria de Castro Abreu Junior, Maísa Silva de Sousa, Carlos Augusto Moreira Silva, Thiago Xavier Carneiro, Rita Catarina Medeiros Sousa, Marília Brasil Xavier","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatological manifestations affect 5% of patients with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen patients with inflammatory or lymphoproliferative dermatological diseases, both HTLV-positive and HTLV-negative, were selected for treatment with ultraviolet B narrowband (UVB-NB) phototherapy. Clinical and histopathological evaluations were conducted before and after 120 d of phototherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All seven HTLV-positive patients evaluated were type 1. Clinical evaluation showed improvement in all 13 patients. In the histopathological examination, all patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and five with inflammatory diseases showed regression in most of the assessed parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present research suggests that UVB-NB phototherapy is a promising treatment for lymphoproliferative and inflammatory skin diseases in HTLV-1 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"771-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of cervical laceration following vaginal deliveries in Punakha, Bhutan.","authors":"Nima Dorji, Manish Raj Gurung, Kinga Wangmo, Pema Wangchuk, Daniel Chateau, Tsheten Tsheten","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical laceration is a critical health issue with significant maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of cervical laceration among mothers following spontaneous vaginal delivery in Punakha, Bhutan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study using a population-based sampling technique included 180 mothers who had spontaneous vaginal delivery. The researchers developed the instruments for data collection and employed logistic regression to identify the predictors of cervical laceration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of cervical laceration was 23.10% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.2 to 27.9). Logistic regression revealed that mothers ≤19 y of age had 3.5 times higher odds of experiencing cervical lacerations compared with those ≥30 y of age (adjusted odds ratio 3.5 [95% CI 1.27 to 9.74]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of cervical laceration was high in this study, with teenagers being at greater risk of experiencing this complication. The Health Ministry of Bhutan needs to strategize and revamp the existing policies and create better awareness campaigns to reduce teenage pregnancies and the grave consequences associated with it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"733-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}