Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献_第2页

Implementing an artificial intelligence system into a diabetic eye screening programme in Tanzania. 在坦桑尼亚的糖尿病眼科筛查项目中实施人工智能系统。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae132

Charles R Cleland, William U Makupa, Bernadetha R Shilio, Justus Rwiza, David Macleod, Covadonga Bascaran, Matthew J Burton

引用次数: 0

Adjunctive nivolumab in combination with antibiotic therapy for the management of refractory melioidosis in a patient with metastatic breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced pancytopenia. 辅助纳沃单抗联合抗生素治疗转移性乳腺癌和化疗引起的全细胞减少症患者的难治性类鼻疽。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae142

Praveen Kumar Tirlangi, Swathi Kiran, Vandana Ke, C Mukhopadhyay, Ramit Kundu, Ananth Pai, Priya Ps, Kavitha Saravu

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic sensitivity of formalin-fixed faecal microscopy for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths. 福尔马林固定粪便显微镜检测土壤传播蠕虫的诊断敏感性。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traf011

Andrew Larkins, Boualay Keokhamphavanh, Breanna Knight, Kelly Taggart, Sarah Keatley, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Amanda Ash

{"title":"Diagnostic sensitivity of formalin-fixed faecal microscopy for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths.","authors":"Andrew Larkins, Boualay Keokhamphavanh, Breanna Knight, Kelly Taggart, Sarah Keatley, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Amanda Ash","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Faecal microscopy is the mainstay of soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis and commonly completed on formalin-fixed samples when resources are insufficient to analyse fresh samples. This study assessed the diagnostic sensitivity of microscopic techniques using formalin-fixed samples.Methods: Formalin-fixed faecal samples from 574 individuals were tested by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), Malachite smear, McMaster and McMaster2 methods. Agreement between tests was assessed by Kappa. Bayesian latent class models and a composite reference standard estimated the diagnostic sensitivity of each test.Results: Moderate-to-good agreement between tests was observed for A. lumbricoides. Agreement was poorer for hookworm and Trichuris trichiura. The FECT (72.70%, credible interval [CrI]: 68.92-76.56%) and McMaster2 method (67.93%, 95% CrIs: 62.41-73.31%) had the highest sensitivities for A. lumbricoides. For hookworm, the McMaster2 method (70.56%, 95% CrIs: 64.10-76.96%) was more sensitive than all other tests. For T. trichiura, the McMaster (90.10%, 95% CrIs: 83.29-94.67%) and McMaster2 (89.3%, 95% CrIs: 82.28-94.52%) methods were the most sensitive.Conclusions: The McMaster2 method is a viable alternative to FECT and provides important information on the intensity of infection. The effect of formalin-fixation on test performance may not be as great as previously assumed. This study reports formalin-fixed sensitivities similar to previous estimates using fresh samples.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"596-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leprosy relapse near pilgrimage sites in the Cariri region of Brazil. 在巴西卡里里地区的朝圣地附近麻风病复发。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traf057

Albério A Cavalcante, Franciely G Gonçalves, João Marcos F L Silva, Gabriel Z Laporta

{"title":"Leprosy relapse near pilgrimage sites in the Cariri region of Brazil.","authors":"Albério A Cavalcante, Franciely G Gonçalves, João Marcos F L Silva, Gabriel Z Laporta","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leprosy relapse remains a challenge to Brazil's elimination efforts, particularly in regions where Mycobacterium leprae persists in the environment. While multidrug therapy (MDT) is effective, patients exposed to ongoing transmission may develop reinfections over time. This study investigates whether proximity to pilgrimage sites influences leprosy relapse in the Cariri region.Methods: Leprosy relapses in the Cariri region (2010-2022) were georeferenced based on patients' residences. A geostatistical model assessed relapse proximity to pilgrimage sites, classifying cases (2-18 km) and controls (18-102 km) by spatial dependence. Logistic regression assessed relapse odds near pilgrimage sites, comparing reinfections (≥5 y) to insufficient therapy (<5 y), adjusted for age, gender, cure outcome, disease severity and patient mobility.Results: A total of 337 leprosy relapses were identified across 45 municipalities in the Cariri region. Spatial analysis indicated that individuals living near pilgrimage sites had nearly twice the odds of experiencing a relapse ≥5 y after MDT treatment (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.85), supporting the hypothesis that pilgrimage sites may act as transmission hotspots.Conclusions: Leprosy elimination in Brazil requires context-dependent measures. Pilgrimage sites, where individuals seek healing but may contribute to transmission, should be prioritized for active surveillance and targeted interventions.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Snakebite envenomation through a gender intersectionality lens in low- and middle-income countries. 从性别交叉性的角度看中低收入国家的蛇咬中毒。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae085

Innocent Ayesiga, Shamim Naggayi, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, Alex Akaka, Olivier Kubwimana, Gertrude Ahenewaa Gyabaah, Elizabeth Katusiime, Ukasha Musa Hashim, Ivan Kahwa

{"title":"Snakebite envenomation through a gender intersectionality lens in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Innocent Ayesiga, Shamim Naggayi, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, Alex Akaka, Olivier Kubwimana, Gertrude Ahenewaa Gyabaah, Elizabeth Katusiime, Ukasha Musa Hashim, Ivan Kahwa","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae085","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite envenomation continues to affect lives globally, with >1.2 million envenomations and approximately 120 000 annual mortalities. Unfortunately, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute to >80% of these global statistics. With different targets set to minimize the impact of snakebite envenoming, such as halving the envenoming cases by 2030 from the World Health Organization (WHO), multiple initiatives are inevitable. Gender intersectionality and tropical disease research for infectious diseases of poverty, developed by the WHO, has championed the exploration of neglected diseases, stratifying them using gendered domains. However, minimal research using the gender intersectionality framework has been conducted to explore snakebite envenoming, especially among LMICs. Exploring snakebite envenomation through a gendered lens is critical in developing gender-specific interventions for the prevention and treatment of envenomation. This narrative review explores the available literature about snakebite envenomation in LMICs through a gender intersectionality lens. It provides insights into the existing gaps, especially regarding research using intersectionality frameworks and the gendered matrix. It further proposes avenues of research using these domains to understand snakebite envenomation, especially through the intersectionality lens.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"665-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Snakebite-associated acute kidney injury in South Asia: narrative review on epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. 南亚毒蛇咬伤相关急性肾损伤：流行病学、发病机制和治疗的叙述综述。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae077

Bhawani Yasassri Alvitigala, Lallindra Viranjan Gooneratne, Christeine Ariaranee Gnanathasan, Eranga Sanjeewa Wijewickrama

{"title":"Snakebite-associated acute kidney injury in South Asia: narrative review on epidemiology, pathogenesis and management.","authors":"Bhawani Yasassri Alvitigala, Lallindra Viranjan Gooneratne, Christeine Ariaranee Gnanathasan, Eranga Sanjeewa Wijewickrama","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae077","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a significant health burden in the South Asia region, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI following snakebites, including hypotension, intravascular haemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and direct nephrotoxicity. Clinical features manifest as anuria, oliguria, haematuria, abdominal pain and hypertension. Diagnosis is supported by elevated serum creatinine levels and urine output monitoring. Renal histology studies revealed a spectrum of lesions, including acute tubular necrosis, renal cortical necrosis, glomerulonephritis and TMA. Management strategies centre around timely administration of antivenom, fluid and electrolyte balance and dialysis to improve renal outcomes. While dialysis has demonstrated efficacy in reducing AKI-related mortality rates, the use of fresh frozen plasma and therapeutic plasma exchange may be the subject of some controversy. Understanding the pathophysiological link between coagulopathy, TMA and AKI is important for tailoring effective treatment approaches. Species-specific randomized controlled trials are imperative to evaluate targeted interventions. In tackling the complexities of snakebite-associated AKI and chronic kidney disease, a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical management with rigorous research efforts is essential. This collaborative endeavour aims to confront the challenges posed by these conditions and improve patient outcomes in the affected regions.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"648-664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteogenomic approaches for snake venom protein-based drug development: current trends and challenges. 基于蛇毒蛋白的药物开发的蛋白质基因组学方法：当前趋势和挑战。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae073

Sandeep Kumar Jhade, Karthik Kalidoss, Poonam Kumari Pathak, Rahul Shrivastava

{"title":"Proteogenomic approaches for snake venom protein-based drug development: current trends and challenges.","authors":"Sandeep Kumar Jhade, Karthik Kalidoss, Poonam Kumari Pathak, Rahul Shrivastava","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae073","url":null,"abstract":"Snake venom proteins have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential. Proteogenomic strategies, integrating transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged as powerful tools for identifying and characterizing venom proteins for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Analytical techniques like mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing enable comprehensive analysis, identifying key venom components and their variants. Recent studies unveil the diversity and complexity of snake venom, highlighting species-specific variations in toxin composition. Structural biology techniques, including x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, provide insights into venom enzyme structures and mechanisms of action, facilitating drug design. Bioinformatics tools aid in data analysis and prediction of venom protein functions, enhancing drug discovery efforts. Despite advancements, challenges persist, including toxicity, formulation stability and clinical validation. This review describes the current as well as future options for research and development and emphasizes the critical role of proteogenomic techniques in developing snake venom protein-based drugs.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"638-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of repeat testing in tuberculosis patients with a trace call on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra: a retrospective cohort study. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra对肺结核患者重复检测的影响：一项回顾性队列研究

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traf002

Suyash Jha, Nitin Gupta, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar, Kiran Chawla, Vishnu P Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Mohan K Manu

引用次数: 0

The impact of multiple infections and community knowledge on engagement with a historical deworming programme: hookworm and Ascaris in Jamaica, 1913-1936. 多重感染和社区知识对参与历史驱虫规划的影响：牙买加钩虫和蛔虫，1913-1936。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traf010

Jonathan David Roberts, Lorna L Waddington, Rupert J Quinnell, Alison M Dunn

{"title":"The impact of multiple infections and community knowledge on engagement with a historical deworming programme: hookworm and Ascaris in Jamaica, 1913-1936.","authors":"Jonathan David Roberts, Lorna L Waddington, Rupert J Quinnell, Alison M Dunn","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Community engagement with public health efforts often depends on existing knowledge of a health issue.Methods: Here, qualitative analysis of archival material from the Jamaica Hookworm Commission (1919-1936) and quantitative analysis of prevalence data are used to assess knowledge of and ecological interactions between different helminths during a historical hookworm eradication campaign.Results: Archival sources demonstrate that Jamaicans were familiar with Ascaris lumbricoides. Surveys revealed a high prevalence of hookworm (62% of individuals infected), Ascaris (30%) and Trichuris trichiura (32%) in communities targeted for hookworm control. Community prevalence of Trichuris was positively associated with the prevalence of Ascaris and hookworm. Many individuals were infected with more than one parasite. At an individual level, data from hospital patients and soldiers showed significant associations between all three parasites. The co-occurrence of hookworm and Ascaris, alongside folk treatment of Ascaris with the same plant used by the Hookworm Commission (Chenopodium ambrisoides) to treat hookworm, made biomedical claims about hookworm credible and biomedical treatment more acceptable. Expulsions of Ascaris following treatment also provided dramatic proof of the effectiveness of treatment, further facilitating engagement.Discussion/conclusion: Knowledge of Ascaris and other helminths directly shaped engagement with hookworm treatment, demonstrating how folk medical knowledge, grounded in the biology of the worms, aided a biomedical public health program.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"586-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time PCR-HRM assay for precise identification of Entamoeba species in diarrheal samples: clinical validation in tropical health settings. 实时PCR-HRM法精确鉴定腹泻样品中的内阿米巴：热带卫生机构的临床验证。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traf059

Priya Datta, Divya Rattan, Puja Garg, Sadhna Lal Bhasin, Pankaj Malhotra, Surinder Rana, Sumeeta Khurana, Rakesh Sehgal

{"title":"Real-time PCR-HRM assay for precise identification of Entamoeba species in diarrheal samples: clinical validation in tropical health settings.","authors":"Priya Datta, Divya Rattan, Puja Garg, Sadhna Lal Bhasin, Pankaj Malhotra, Surinder Rana, Sumeeta Khurana, Rakesh Sehgal","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is a major health concern in tropical regions like India. Stool microscopy, the primary diagnostic method, has limited sensitivity due to morphological similarities with Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii, an emerging pathogen. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quantitative polymerase chain reaction with high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) in distinguishing these morphologically similar Entamoeba species.Methods: The qPCR-HRM method was standardized using control strains of E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. The assay was further evaluated on 150 stool samples, with species confirmation achieved through conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing.Results: The melting peaks of E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii were at 80±2°C and 82±2°C, respectively, and for E. dispar at 69±2°C. The qPCR-HRM was able to detect as low as 10 fg of parasitic DNA. Of 150 stool samples, a total of 10 (6.6%) were found to be positive for E. histolytica, 13 (8.6%) for E. dispar and 7 (4.6%) for E. moshkovskii.Conclusions: This study is the first to standardize qPCR-HRM for the detection and differentiation of Entamoeba species from India. The qPCR-HRM assay offers a sensitive, specific and cost-effective diagnostic tool, contributing to improved patient management.","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0