Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by Rickettsia conorii.","authors":"Divyashree Krishna, Mohan Kumar Hanumanthappa, Shriya Goel, Kamlesh Bisht, Ashok Kumar Pannu, Praveen Sharma, Manisha Biswal, Navneet Sharma","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of rickettsial infections. We report a 50-y-old man from northern India who presented with fever, respiratory distress, altered sensorium and an eschar. Despite treatment with doxycycline, his condition deteriorated with multi-organ dysfunction. PCR and sequencing from the eschar confirmed Rickettsia conorii. Bone marrow examination, elevated ferritin and triglycerides, as well as an H-score of 224 confirmed HLH. The patient was treated with corticosteroids but succumbed to refractory ventricular arrhythmias. A high index of suspicion is essential in rickettsial infections that present with multi-organ dysfunction, as early recognition of HLH enables the prompt initiation of treatment of the underlying disease and adjunctive immunosuppressive therapy. [GenBank accession nos. U59728.1 and MZ779037.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort study of human infection by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in southern Honduras, Central America.","authors":"Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa, Concepción Zuniga, Gabriela V A Flores, Carmen M S Pacheco, Carlos E P Corbett, Fernando T Silveira, Márcia D Laurenti","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Honduras, Central America, human infection with Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi can lead to the clinical manifestation known as non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) and visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluates the dynamics of human infection with L. (L.) infantum chagasi, focusing on the NUCL form, atypical and rare clinical form of disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 576 individuals from Amapala, southern Honduras, was followed for 2 y with clinical, parasitological and immunological tests: ELISA-IgG/IgM and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests were conducted at 12 and 24 mo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence was 82% asymptomatic and 18% symptomatic, with only NUCL cases. Among asymptomatic individuals, 44.9% with an indeterminate profile (DTH-/ELISA+) evolved to a final asymptomatic infection profile (DTH+/ELISA-). Among symptomatic individuals, 43% had an early symptomatic profile (DTH-/ELISA-) and evolved to a final symptomatic infection profile (DTH+/ELISA-). Notably, none of the NUCL cases developed visceral disease during the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that L. (L.) infantum chagasi infection in southern Honduras is generally benign, as most infected individuals evolved to DTH+ and none of them developed visceral disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance in coastal, North and Far North areas of Cameroon.","authors":"Loick P Kojom Foko, Geetika Narang, Jahnvi Jakhan, Joseph Hawadak, Vineeta Singh","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unravelling the population genetic structure and dynamics of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strains is essential to adapt control strategies. Here, genetic and evolutionary patterns of P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) in Cameroon were analysed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from P. falciparum-infected individuals living in a coastal area (Douala) and North and Far North areas (Maroua, Mayo-Oulo, Pette) were PCR-amplified and genotyped for the Pfcrt gene. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, haplotype network, neutral evolution and genetic differentiation patterns of Pfcrt sequences were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The wild-type CVMNK was dominant (97.1%) in the coastal area, while the resistance genotype CVIET (50-61.9%) was predominant in the North and Far North areas. The mutation 72S was significantly more often reported in asymptomatic infections (p=0.004) and submicroscopic parasitaemia cases (p=0.002). A signature of positive selection or population expansion was identified in Pfcrt sequences from Douala. The Pf populations from coastal, North and Far North areas were genetically differentiated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests a return to chloroquine susceptibility geographically restricted in the coastal region. The high circulation of the genotype CVIET in North and Far North areas calls for investigations of factors contributing to the persistence of chloroquine-resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of stand-alone anti-adult mosquito control strategies against Aedes-borne diseases: scoping review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Thekkumkara Surendran Anish, Pillaveettil Sathyadas Indu, Sairu Philip, Zinia T Nujum, Jose Vincent, Rajamohanan K Pillai","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf076","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The world is witnessing the emergence of infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. However, preventing large outbreaks challenges the health systems of endemic countries. Targeting infected adult Aedes mosquitoes may be a better means for resource-constrained health systems where integrated vector control may be less feasible. We reviewed the evidence of the effectiveness of stand-alone adult mosquito control measures against Aedes mosquito-borne diseases in this scoping review and meta-analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] and Cochrane Methodology Register) electronic bibliographic databases for randomised controlled trials (randomised for individual or cluster of houses), blinded at any level or open-label, conducted anywhere in the world during the period 1 December 2012 to 31 November 2022 and published in the English language. The search terms included only terms relating to or describing the intervention, combined with the Cochrane/MEDLINE filter for the eligible studies. The searches were rerun just before the final analyses and further studies were retrieved for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies was provided. Risk of bias (quality) assessment was done using Cochrane's risk of bias assessment tool. Summaries of the intervention effects for each study were provided by calculating the odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes and standardised mean differences for continuous outcomes. Data analysis was done using Review Manager version 5.4. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane χ2 test, I2 statistic and τ2 test. Potential publication bias was evaluated and illustrated using funnel plots. The data were pooled using a fixed/random effects meta-analysis and the effect measures, their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and two-sided p-values for each outcome. Subgroup analyses were used as the sensitivity analysis. Results were plotted using forest plots for all outcome variables in the study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The standardised mean reduction in the number of indoor adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was 1.81 (95% CI 0.76 to 2.86) because of anti-adult interventions. The reduction in the incidence of dengue in houses deploying measures against adult A. aegypti mosquitoes was 28%, but statistically not significant (pooled odds ratio [Mantel-Haenszel, random]) was 0.72 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.86). However, the effect measure could be influenced by co-interventions like decreased insecticide actions and lack of community engagement. Subgroup analysis revealed that all the measures targeting adult Aedes mosquitoes are effective in reducing A. aegypti abundance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Interventions targeting adult Aedes mosquitoes are significantly reducing the indoor adult A. aegypti abundance and hence the risk","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remoscope: a label-free imaging cytometer for malaria diagnostics.","authors":"Paul M Lebel, Ilakkiyan Jeyakumar, Michelle W L Khoo, James Emorut, Chris Charlton, Aditi Saxena, Axel Jacobsen, Emily Huynh, William Wu, Greg Courville, Pei-Chuan Fu, Madhura Raghavan, Robert Puccinelli, Peter Olwoch, Grant Dorsey, Philip J Rosenthal, Joseph DeRisi, Rafael Gomez-Sjoberg","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/traf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria diagnostic testing remains a burden on healthcare systems. Here we present Remoscope, a portable imaging cytometer that scans fresh, unstained whole blood using a custom neural network running on low-cost hardware. Remoscope performs label-free, quantitative, stage-specific detection of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) by screening up to 2 million red blood cells (RBCs) in 1-12 min, without sample fixation, staining or slide scanning. Low-cost disposable cartridges are used to confine flowing blood to an ultrathin sheet for imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Performance was benchmarked in vitro by titration of cultured Pf (17.1-710 000 parasites/µl) into whole blood. A study of Remoscope's diagnostic accuracy was evaluated in a cohort of 500 individuals in eastern Uganda, comprising 601 unique clinic visits. Parallel measurements of parasitaemia were performed using Remoscope, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and thick blood smears.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinically, Remoscope's 10× diluted blood assay had a limit of detection with respect to qPCR of 95.1 parasites/µl, sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive value of 91% and negative predictive value of 93%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remoscope's speed, accuracy, cost and ease of use address key challenges in malaria diagnosis worldwide. In this pilot study, the diagnostic accuracy approaches that of expert thick smears performed in duplication.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis without acute kidney injury as the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection in an adult with sickle cell trait.","authors":"Ashley Thomas, Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran, Margarita Alzate, Helene Doleyres, Scarlett Flaz, Risa Bochner","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 20-y-old male with sickle cell trait presented with 5 days of bilateral thigh pain and soreness, without history of trauma or strenuous activity. He had elevated creatine kinase (56,179 U/L) and troponin-T (322 ng/L) levels. Nasopharyngeal swab PCR was positive for SARS-CoV-2. He presented early and had adequate fluid resuscitation during the initial phase of illness that prevented acute kidney injury and facilitated his early recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the fifth case of acute rhabdomyolysis associated with COVID-19 and sickle cell trait reported in the literature, and is a less severe presentation compared with previous reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a comprehensive sickle cell disease care programme on community knowledge among Indian tribal populations: a multicentric study.","authors":"Yogita Sharma, Deepa Bhat, Parikipandla Sridevi, Shaily B Surti, Manoranjan Ranjit, Jatin Sarmah, Godi Sudhakar, Bontha V Babu","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has initiated a programme to eliminate sickle cell disease (SCD) by 2047. As the programme progresses with screening, treatment, management and preventive activities will eventually be initiated. However, the community's knowledge and involvement are important for effective implementation of these public health interventions. The overall knowledge related to SCD among the Indian tribal communities is inadequate and can be enhanced through community-based interventions. This article reports the impact of a comprehensive community-based SCD care intervention on improving SCD-related awareness and knowledge among Indian tribal communities in six SCD-endemic tribal-dominated districts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentric community-based and health system strengthening intervention, a quasi-experimental design comparing pre- and post-intervention outcomes within intervention groups and with the control group, was conducted to improve the health system's capacity to screen and manage SCD and to improve the community's acceptance of screening and management through community mobilisation, including information, education and communication (IEC). This article utilised pre- and post-intervention data (from 9837 and 9696 participants in pre- and post-intervention surveys in both control and intervention areas) on community knowledge of SCD. The difference-in-differences (DID) methodology was used to assess the net change in outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant increase in knowledge among people exposed to the intervention and a significant increase in the proportion of people who heard of SCD after the intervention, with a DID estimate of 55.5. A similar impact was reported for improved knowledge on the cause of SCD (DID=61.4), diagnostic methods (DID=60.5), symptoms (DID=55.5), treatment (DID=57.7), prevention (DID=59.7) and various aspects of these issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a community-based intervention programme aimed at improving SCD-related knowledge among the tribal communities. The findings underscore the importance of targeted awareness programmes in addressing gaps in knowledge. Strong community mobilisation and IEC activities are key components of SCD care programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Toll-like receptor 3 rs3775291 with Zika virus infection in Brazil.","authors":"Christiane Maria Ayo, Amarilis Giaretta de Moraes, Laise Nayana Sala Elpídio, Aléia Harumi Uchibaba Yamanaka, Victor Hugo de Souza, Fernanda Morselli Lo Ré, Tainara Pinho, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Cinara de Cássia Brandão, Lígia Consentino Junqueira Franco Spegiorin, Denise Cristina Moz Vaz Oliani, Nathalia Zini, Ieda Bernadete Volkweis Langer, Greicy Cezar do Amaral, Quirino Alves de Lima Neto, Luiz Carlos de Mattos, Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent pathogen known for the outbreak in early 2015, causing significant consequences, of which congenital ZIKV syndrome is the most severe manifestation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for the appropriate function of the innate immune response against pathogens. The presence of mutations in TLR genes can potentially result in altered susceptibility to diseases. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of TLR2 rs5743708, TLR3 rs3775291, TLR4 rs4986790, TLR4 rs4986791, TLR6 rs5743810 and TLR7 rs179008 polymorphisms in ZIKV infection in a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 142 patients with ZIKV that sought medical care with ZIKV-related symptoms during the ZIKV outbreak and 142 controls. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP. Multivariate and χ2 analyses were performed to assess associations between polymorphisms and disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dominant inheritance model revealed an increased risk for patients who were carriers of the TLR3 rs3775291 T allele. The C/T-T/T genotypes were significantly increased in patients rather than controls compared with the C/C genotype (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.94; p=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data support the literature and suggest that the variant rs3775291 in TLR3 may confer susceptibility to ZIKV infection in the Brazilian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human leptospirosis in the central division of Fiji: a retrospective epidemiological study.","authors":"Sakopo'Aonga-Ki-Vavau Vaka'uta, Kolosa Matebalavu, Anaseini Ratu, Ramneek Nadan Goundar, Aalisha Sahukhan, Simon Reid, Shalini Singh, Anaseini Vesikula, Benjamin P Howden, Aneley Getahun Strobel","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis is a major cause of human disease in Fiji. However, the epidemiology is poorly defined. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in the Central Division and to characterize the largest urban outbreak in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted using routine leptospirosis surveillance data collected from 1 January 2012 through 30 June 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate changes in demographic characteristics and incidence over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2248 cases were reported over the 8.5-y study period. Average annual incidence was 73.9 cases per 100 000 population, with the annual incidence ranging from 45.6 cases per 100 000 population in 2012 to 177.2 cases per 100 000 population in 2019. Overall, most cases were indigenous Fijians (82.6%) and males (53.3%). The proportion of females increased steadily from 37.8% in 2012 to 50.3% in 2020. On 28 January 2019, an outbreak of leptospirosis was declared in the Central Division. During this outbreak, the proportion of female cases (50.5%) was higher and cases among Fijians of Indian descent also increased (18.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings demonstrate changes in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in the Central Division. Increasing incidence in urban settings and among population groups previously considered low risk (female and Fijians of Indian descent) indicates shifts in risk factors and transmission patterns that warrant review of existing measures and strategies for nationwide disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in Paraguay: first survey among blood donors.","authors":"Diego M Flichman, Nelson Marquez, Victor A Sánchez, Andrea S Gómez de la Fuente, Cecilia González, María Mercedes Elizalde, Alfredo P Martínez, Patricia Baré, Federico A Di Lello","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/traf073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) continue to represent a significant global public health challenge. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-HEV IgG antibodies among blood donors in Paraguay, a region where epidemiological data on these infections are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples were collected from 452 blood donors in five regions of Paraguay and the presence of anti-HAV IgG and anti-HEV IgG antibodies was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 68.1% of donors tested positive for anti-HAV IgG, with a higher prevalence in older age groups (p<0.001) and significant regional differences (p<0.001). Notably, a low seroprevalence was found in the 18- to 25-y age group (36.4%), highlighting a potential gap in immunity. In contrast, anti-HEV IgG was detected in 6.0% of samples, with no significant differences observed across age groups or regions. Men exhibited a non-significant trend toward higher anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence compared with women (p=0.082).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG among older blood donors contrasts sharply with low coverage in younger adults, underscoring the critical need to prioritize and expand HAV vaccination efforts in younger adults. Furthermore, the low HEV seroprevalence suggests an opportunity for proactive surveillance and prevention, potentially addressing recent introduction or limited transmission. These results offer a valuable epidemiological foundation to guide effective disease control strategies and public health programs in Paraguay.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}