Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of 28-day mortality in melioidosis patients presenting to an emergency department: a retrospective cohort study from South India.","authors":"S Nisarg, Praveen Kumar Tirlangi, Prithvishree Ravindra, Rachana Bhat, Sachin Nayak Sujir, Sai Deepak Alli, Soumi Chowdhury, Venkat Abhiram Earny, Nitin Gupta, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Septic melioidosis is associated with high mortality in resource-limited settings. The current study aims to find 28-d all-cause mortality predictors within 24 h of admission in melioidosis patients presenting to an emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study (2018-2022) included melioidosis patients divided into two groups based on their primary outcomes (28-d mortality). All the clinically relevant factors significant in univariate analysis were selected for binary logistic regression analysis. Those factors significant in logistic regression analysis were considered independent predictors of mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 53 patients with melioidosis, the 28-d mortality of melioidosis patients admitted to the emergency department was 51% (n=27). Respiratory involvement, renal dysfunction, haemodynamic instability, elevated aspartate transaminase, elevated activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated CRP, elevated procalcitonin, decreased albumin, decreased absolute neutrophil count, decreased absolute lymphocyte count and use of piperacillin-tazobactam or azithromycin were significant predictors of mortality on univariate analysis. Vasopressor requirement (p=0.03) and low serum albumin level (0.041) at presentation were independent predictors of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vasopressor requirement and low albumin levels at presentation in the emergency department are independent predictors of mortality. There is a need to create awareness among primary care physicians to enable early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of soil-transmitted helminth aggregation in the human host population after several years of intensive mass drug administration.","authors":"Julia Mayer, Benjamin S Collyer, Rosie Maddren, Birhan Abtew, Ewnetu Firdawek Liyew, Melkie Chernet, Getachew Tollera, Geremew Tasew, Roy M Anderson","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA) is known as an effective, albeit costly, control strategy for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) parasites. A better understanding of STH aggregation after many rounds of cMDA could help shape more cost-effective policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis uses data from the Geshiyaro project, aiming to break STH transmission by cMDA and water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Ascaris lumbricoides infection prevalence is derived from egg count data and parasite aggregation is obtained by fitting a negative binomial distribution to the frequency distribution of faecal egg counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relationship between parasite dispersion and infection prevalence is approximately linear. Parasite aggregation increases as infection prevalence decreases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A minority of individuals carry most parasites as prevalence decreases in the community. These individuals could be selectively targeted for repeated treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foetal outcome of Leptospira and Rickettsial infections during pregnancy: a systematic review.","authors":"Mallika Sengupta, Latha T, Soumitra Mandal, Kaushik Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis and rickettsial infections are bacterial zoonoses prevalent in different geographical locations and presents with overlapping symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify foetal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with rickettsial infections, including scrub typhus and leptospirosis, along with their associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Web of Science, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and Embase using defined search terms. Studies involving pregnant women with diagnosed leptospirosis and rickettsial infections, including scrub typhus, were selected. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts using the Rayyan Web interface. Data extraction was performed in Microsoft Excel, with Zotero for reference management. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Data synthesis included narrative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four studies were included: 22 on scrub typhus, 14 on rickettsial infection, 16 on leptospirosis, and 2 on all three infections. Of 176 scrub typhus cases, 53 resulted in foetal loss and 3 in neonatal death. Among 38 rickettsial infection cases, 4 had foetal loss. Out of 63 leptospirosis cases, 13 experienced foetal loss. Six maternal deaths occurred due to scrub typhus and one due to Rocky Mountain spotted fever.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leptospirosis and rickettsial infections, including scrub typhus, are important causes of pregnancy loss. Further research is needed to better understand and mitigate these risks in pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined tropical medicine and psychiatry approach to patients with possible delusional infestation.","authors":"S B Squire, M Taegtmeyer, Q Javed, T O'Dempsey, C Kullu, P Lepping","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delusional infestation (DI) is a well-recognized delusional disorder presenting as the persisting belief of being infested. Combined clinics have been run by dermatology and psychiatry in a small number of centres. In this article we focus on our Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust clinic hosted at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK, where we run a specialist clinic for DI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe the specific set-up and approach of our clinic as a guide for clinicians working in specialties likely to see patients with DI (including tropical medicine, infectious diseases and dermatology) who may either want to set up similar clinics or be better equipped to manage DI patients promptly within existing practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe the details of the clinic's approach. Between 2018 and 2023, the service saw 208 patients, of which 82.7% could be assessed and 55.7% had DI. The female:male ratio was 2:1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Interdisciplinary combined clinics with medical and psychiatry consultants working together offer an approach to managing this rare, challenging and high-consequence condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change, malaria and neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review.","authors":"Petra Klepac, Jennifer L Hsieh, Camilla L Ducker, Mohamad Assoum, Mark Booth, Isabel Byrne, Sarity Dodson, Diana L Martin, C Michael R Turner, Kim R van Daalen, Bernadette Abela, Jennifer Akamboe, Fabiana Alves, Simon J Brooker, Karen Ciceri-Reynolds, Jeremy Cole, Aidan Desjardins, Chris Drakeley, Dileepa S Ediriweera, Neil M Ferguson, Albis Francesco Gabrielli, Joshua Gahir, Saurabh Jain, Mbaraka R John, Elizabeth Juma, Priya Kanayson, Kebede Deribe, Jonathan D King, Andrea M Kipingu, Samson Kiware, Jan Kolaczinski, Winnie J Kulei, Tajiri L Laizer, Vivek Lal, Rachel Lowe, Janice S Maige, Sam Mayer, Lachlan McIver, Jonathan F Mosser, Ruben Santiago Nicholls, Cláudio Nunes-Alves, Junaid Panjwani, Nishanth Parameswaran, Karen Polson, Hale-Seda Radoykova, Aditya Ramani, Lisa J Reimer, Zachary M Reynolds, Isabela Ribeiro, Alastair Robb, Kazim Hizbullah Sanikullah, David R M Smith, GloriaSalome G Shirima, Joseph P Shott, Rachel Tidman, Louisa Tribe, Jaspreet Turner, Susana Vaz Nery, Raman Velayudhan, Supriya Warusavithana, Holly S Wheeler, Aya Yajima, Ahmed Robleh Abdilleh, Benjamin Hounkpatin, Dechen Wangmo, Christopher J M Whitty, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, T Déirdre Hollingsworth, Anthony W Solomon, Ibrahima Socé Fall","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the effects of climate change on malaria and 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and potential effect amelioration through mitigation and adaptation, we searched for papers published from January 2010 to October 2023. We descriptively synthesised extracted data. We analysed numbers of papers meeting our inclusion criteria by country and national disease burden, healthcare access and quality index (HAQI), as well as by climate vulnerability score. From 42 693 retrieved records, 1543 full-text papers were assessed. Of 511 papers meeting the inclusion criteria, 185 studied malaria, 181 dengue and chikungunya and 53 leishmaniasis; other NTDs were relatively understudied. Mitigation was considered in 174 papers (34%) and adaption strategies in 24 (5%). Amplitude and direction of effects of climate change on malaria and NTDs are likely to vary by disease and location, be non-linear and evolve over time. Available analyses do not allow confident prediction of the overall global impact of climate change on these diseases. For dengue and chikungunya and the group of non-vector-borne NTDs, the literature privileged consideration of current low-burden countries with a high HAQI. No leishmaniasis papers considered outcomes in East Africa. Comprehensive, collaborative and standardised modelling efforts are needed to better understand how climate change will directly and indirectly affect malaria and NTDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human infections by Hymenolepis diminuta in Europe: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Stefan Mijatović, Tijana Štajner, Ivana Čolović Čalovski, Eleonora Dubljanin, Branko Bobić, Zoran Leković, Aleksandra Barać, Aleksandar M Džamić","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed a review of published and gray literature of human Hymenolepis diminuta cases across Europe up to July 2022. Of all detectable publications and records, we further analyzed only those that contained demographic, clinical or epidemiological data regarding the infected subjects. Additionally, one case of hymenolepiasis in a 16-mo-old boy living in the urban part of Belgrade was included in the analysis. Published studies were based in 13/50 European countries and identified 104 laboratory-confirmed cases in total. Almost one-half (49%) of all cases originated from Mediterranean countries. Among symptomatic children, the infection most often manifested with diarrhea, abdominal pain, allergic reaction and behavioral changes. The diagnosis was made by the detection and identification of H. diminuta eggs or parts of strobila in stool samples, although cases of misdiagnosis were also reported. The parasite clearance was established with praziquantel or niclosamide, while the administration of albendazole or mebendazole led to unfavorable results. Future multicentric prospective studies focused on infection screening and the gathering of detailed sociodemographic and clinical data could provide an updated insight into the true distribution and characteristics of H. diminuta infection across Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of human leptospirosis in Colombia: spatiotemporal analysis and related hydroclimatic factors.","authors":"Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in tropical areas that is mainly related to rural activities; nevertheless, human leptospirosis (HL) outbreaks differ among regions. In Colombia, HL notifications are mandatory. Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of HL in Colombia during 2007-2018 and its relationship with the main hydroclimatic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined the estimated incidence and lethality of HL according to department and year. The Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of an autoregressive model (STAR) model included HL cases and hydroclimatic factors (average temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) for quarterly periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 10 586 HL cases were registered (estimated incidence: 1.75 cases x 105) and 243 deaths by HL (lethality 2.3%). The STAR model found association of HL risk with temperature (RR:6.80; 95% CI 3.57 to 12.48) and space. Quindío and three other Amazonian departments (Guainía, Guaviare and Putumayo) had a positive relationship with a significant number of HL cases, adjusted for quarterly precipitation and humidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spatial analysis showed a high risk of HL in departments of the western Andean Colombian regions. By contrast, in the spatiotemporal model, a higher HL risk was associated with temperature and departments of the North Colombian Amazon regions and Quindío in the Colombian Andean region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'My feet cannot stand on their own': podoconiosis patient healthcare expenditures and income impacts in Rwanda.","authors":"Janna M Schurer, Ursin Bayisenge, Dieudonne Hakizimana, Ellen Rafferty","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Podoconiosis is a progressive and debilitating form of tropical lymphoedema endemic to Rwanda. Although the physical and psychological consequences are well known, few studies have evaluated the financial burden of podoconiosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, quantitative study aimed to characterize direct treatment costs and impacts on annual earnings among individuals living with podoconiosis. Participants from two highly endemic districts were invited to complete a survey focused on health-seeking history, insurance status, out-of-pocket costs and income changes. Direct treatment costs included medical expenditures (consultation, diagnostics, medication) and non-medical expenditures (food, transportation, accommodation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 226 adults (≥18 y of age) diagnosed with podoconiosis participated. Most had access to community-based health insurance (91.6%) but were unable to work (71.7%). Respondents sought care from health centres/posts (61.9%), hospitals (25.1%), traditional healers (5.8%) and/or community health workers (4.0%). On average, study participants paid US$32.50 (range US$0-779.23) annually, or 11.7% of their household salary, on podoconiosis treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the significant financial burden of podoconiosis on individuals and their communities. Increased attention on integrating podoconiosis management into primary care systems and testing cost-effective solutions is needed to protect those who are most vulnerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: stigma, participation restriction and mental distress in patients affected by leprosy, cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease: a pilot study in two co-endemic regions of eastern Colombia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficult to treat Pseudomonas: successful salvage therapy with cefepime-zidebactam.","authors":"Anjely Sebastian, Shivdas Naik, Muralidhar Varma, N C Sreekumar, Joseph Thomas, Tanvi Rao, Birva J Shah, Nitin Gupta","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPa) infection is extremely challenging to manage. Cefepime-zidebactam is a novel combination that can be considered for salvage therapy when no other antimicrobials are susceptible. A 15-y-old boy presented with 56% thermal burns, followed by skin and soft tissue infection, secondary bacteraemia, complicated parapneumonic effusion and endophthalmitis due to CRPa, which was not susceptible to any of the routinely available antibiotics. He was treated with cefepime-zidebactam for 45 d, with which he recovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}