Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Foliar Transpiration Inhibitor Reduces Cd Accumulation in Rice Grain: The Potential Effect of the Endophytic Bacterial Community.","authors":"Ge Lei, Huijuan Song, Ziwen Gan, Yunchou Yang, Anwei Chen","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090755","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess Cd in soils can be accumulated in rice, presenting a serious human health risk. The effect of foliar transpiration inhibitors (TIs) on the Cd content and the endophytic bacterial community in rice plants was unclear. We evaluated the key part of the rice plant to control the Cd translocation and the profile of the endophytic bacterium structure after spraying with foliar reagents; some possible typical endophytes were induced by the TIs to inhibit the Cd translocation in the rice plant. The rice plants in three sites with different available Cd content were sprayed with foliar TIs. We assessed the Cd, N, P, K and water-soluble saccharide (WSS) in different parts of the rice plant and the endophytic bacteria community in the stem. Foliar application of TIs reduced Cd translocation factor (<i>TF</i>_Cd) by ~20% from the root to the grain compared with that of CK. The TI can increase the adsorptive site concentration of stem nodes from 5.10 to 6.83 mmol/g. The diversity of the endophytic bacteria community was enhanced after application of TI, and the Shannon index increased from 3.29 to 3.92. The endophytic bacterial community induced by TI showed higher potentiality on the biofilm and stress-tolerant and metal-transport functions than that of CK, respectively. The relative abundances of <i>Burkholderiaceae</i> and <i>Bacterium</i>_g_<i>Anaeromyxobacter</i> were significantly negatively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with <i>TF</i>_Cd and positively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with water-solution saccharide content, simultaneously. The TI enhanced the endophytic diversity and amount. A high abundance of special endophytic bacteria induced by TI might decrease the <i>TF</i>_Cd.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene Microplastics and Human Cells: A Critical Review.","authors":"Sharin Valdivia, Camila Riquelme, María Constanza Carrasco, Paulina Weisser, Carolina Añazco, Andrés Alarcón, Sebastián Alarcón","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090756","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread production and poor management of plastic waste have led to the pervasive presence of microplastics (MPs) in environmental and biological systems. Among various polymers, polyethylene (PE) is the most widely produced plastic globally, primarily due to its use in single-use packaging. Its persistence in ecosystems and resistance to degradation processes result in the continuous formation of PE-derived MPs. These particles have been detected in human biological matrices, including blood, lungs, placenta, and even the brain, raising increasing concerns about their bioavailability and potential health effects. Once internalized, PE MPs can interact with cellular membranes, induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and interfere with epigenetic regulatory pathways. In vitro studies on epithelial, immune, and neuronal cells reveal concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption, and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, recent findings suggest that PE MPs can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), senescence, and epigenetic dysregulation, including altered expression of miRNAs and DNA methyltransferases. These cellular changes highlight the potential role of MPs in disease development, especially in cardiovascular, metabolic, and possibly cancer-related conditions. Despite growing evidence, no standardized method currently exists for quantifying MPs in human samples, complicating comparisons across studies. Further, MPs can carry harmful additives and environmental contaminants such as bisphenols, phthalates, dioxins, and heavy metals, which enhance their toxicity. Global estimates indicate that humans ingest and inhale tens of thousands of MPs particles each year, yet long-term human research remains limited. Given these findings, it is crucial to expand research on PE MP toxicodynamics and to establish regulatory policies to reduce their release. Promoting alternative biodegradable materials and improved waste management practices will be vital in decreasing human exposure to MPs and minimizing potential health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology of Airborne Inorganic Arsenic: Oxidative Stress, Molecular Mechanisms, and Organ-Specific Pathologies.","authors":"Qingyang Liu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090753","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid, poses a significant global public health threat due to widespread environmental contamination. Despite its well-documented carcinogenicity, critical gaps remain in understanding the health impacts of chronic low-level airborne exposure and the multi-modal mechanisms driving inorganic arsenic toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes recent molecular research and population health data to explain how airborne inorganic arsenic causes harm through multiple biological pathways. Key novel insights include (1) a comprehensive analysis of inorganic arsenic-induced oxidative stress and epigenetic dysregulation, revealing transgenerational effects via germline epigenetic markers; (2) a critical evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, demonstrating its overestimation of low-dose risks by 2-3× compared to threshold-based evidence; and (3) descriptions of mechanistic links between inorganic arsenic speciation, organ-specific pathologies (e.g., neurodevelopmental impairments, cardiovascular diseases), and pollution mitigation strategies. This study connects molecular mechanisms with public health strategies to improve arsenic risk assessment. It focuses on how inorganic arsenic alters gene regulation (epigenetics) and combines exposure from multiple sources, while also clarifying uncertainties about low-dose effects and refining safety standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Kalach, a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide, During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Hypothyroidism and Bone Disorders in Rat Offspring.","authors":"Latifa Hamdaoui, Hafedh El Feki, Marwa Ben Amor, Hassane Oudadesse, Mohamed Atwan, Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari, Faten Brahmi, Hmed Ben-Nasr, Riadh Badraoui, Tarek Rebai","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090752","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kalach (KL) is a glyphosate (G)-based herbicide extensively used in agricultural and urban areas in Tunisia. It has been reported that G crosses the placenta in pregnant rats, potentially disrupting organ function in offspring. The present study examined the effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to KL on thyroid function, bone integrity, and phosphocalcic homeostasis in rat offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups, group A (control group) and group B, exposed to KL (each mother rat received 0.07 mL of KL diluted in 1 mL of water by gavage). On postnatal day 14, plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid hormones, calcium, and phosphorus. Histology and immunohistochemical study of bone and thyroid, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy assessed alterations. Additionally, we complemented the in vivo study with an in silico study. We found that KL induced hypothyroidism, necrosis in thyroid tissue, and phosphocalcic imbalance, leading to skeletal abnormalities. Structural and mineralization defects in bone were confirmed by FTIR and XRD analysis. The in silico study revealed that G bids to growth hormone receptors and thyroglobulin with good affinity, corroborating the in vivo findings. In conclusion, KL may interfere with bone tissue, growth hormone receptors, and thyroglobulin, impair hypothyroidism, and function as an endocrine disruptor exposure. Consequently, KL induces disorganization of the femoral growth plate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Automobile Indoor Air Quality Grading Based on Acute and Chronic Risk Assessment.","authors":"Ji-Yun Jung, Young-Hyun Kim, Eun-Ju Lim, Young-Jun Byun, Min-Kwang Kim, Hyun-Woo Lee, Cha-Ryung Kim, In-Ji Park, Ho-Hyun Kim, Cheol-Min Lee","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090754","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the potential health effects of exposure to major air pollutants inside newly manufactured automobiles and to develop a grading system for automobile indoor air quality based on this assessment. To achieve this, the concentrations of 28 air pollutants were measured in five different automobile models. Among these, 18 substances were selected for health risk assessment based on the availability of acute and chronic toxicity data and the requirement that each substance had been detected at least once under one or more of the automobile test modes (AM, PM, and DM). Acute hazard quotients (HQ_acute), chronic non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQ), and excess lifetime cancer risks (ECR) were subsequently calculated. The results of acute and chronic health risk assessments showed significant variation depending on the automobile test mode, and some automobiles exceeded health-based reference values for certain pollutants. Based on these findings, this study developed a 10-level grading system for automobile indoor air quality by comprehensively integrating pollutant-specific health risk levels and exceedances of the recommended limits outlined in Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport's \"Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Newly Manufactured Automobiles.\" The grading scale ranges from Grade 1 (Excellent) to Grade 10 (Hazardous), reflecting both acute and chronic health risks as well as legal standards, thereby improving upon conventional concentration-based management approaches. The proposed grading system enables a quantitative interpretation of automobile indoor air quality from a health-based perspective and is expected to be applicable in various fields, including automobile manufacturers' air quality control, consumer information disclosure, and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effects of High Uric Acid on Glucolipid Metabolism, Renal Injury and the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Male Hamsters with Dyslipidemia.","authors":"Liang He, Miao Miao, Qingxiangzi Li, Jufen Cheng, Rui Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090751","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of hyperuricemia with elevated serum uric acid is increasing worldwide. However, the effects of high uric acid on diabetic patients with dyslipidemia and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unexplored. This study aimed to develop a novel diabetic model of hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in male hamsters to evaluate the effects of high uric acid on glucolipid metabolism, renal injury and the gut microbiota. Twelve healthy hamsters were randomly divided into two groups and fed with a normal diet and high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD), respectively. Twenty-four diabetic hamsters were randomly divided into four groups receiving a normal diet; HFCD; potassium oxonate (PO) treatment (intragastric PO at doses of 350 mg/kg and adenine at doses of 150 mg/kg with 5% fructose water); and PO treatment with HFCD, respectively. After 4 weeks, all animals were dissected for determining serum biochemical indicators, tissue antioxidant parameters, renal pathological changes, target gene expressions, fecal short-chain fatty acids content, and the gut microbiota composition. The results showed that a hamster model with hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia was successively established by the combination of PO treatment and HFCD, in which serum uric acid, glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels reached 499.5 ± 61.96 μmol/L, 16.88 ± 2.81 mmol/L, 119.88 ± 27.14 mmol/L and 72.92 ± 16.62 mmol/L, respectively. PO treatment and HFCD had synergistic effects on increasing uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, liver xanthine oxidase activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and transforming growth factor-β expressions, and the relative abundance of <i>Lleibacterium</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05); in addition, they caused glomerular mesangial cells and matrix proliferation, protein casts and urate deposition. High uric acid was closely related to decreased antioxidant capacity; decreased renal vascular endothelial growth factor expression; increased acetic acid content; decreased butyric, propanoic, and isobutyric acid levels; decreased <i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratios (<i>p</i> < 0.05); and altered epithelial integrity and structure of the gut microbiota in diabetic hamsters. The findings indicate that high uric acid affects the glucolipid metabolism, accelerates renal damage, and disrupts the balance of intestinal flora in diabetic animals, which provides a scientific basis for metabolic syndrome prevention and control in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Kinetic Properties of Liver Rhodanese from <i>Coptodon zillii</i>: Implications for Cyanide Detoxification in Gold Mining-Impacted Aquatic Ecosystems.","authors":"Oluwaseun E Agboola, Zainab A Ayinla, Babamotemi O Itakorode, Priscilla O Akinsanya, Raphael E Okonji, Othuke B Odeghe, Samuel S Agboola, Olaiya E Oluranti, Folake O Olojo, Babatunji E Oyinloye","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090750","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global gold extraction industry has been reported to use cyanide-based recovery processes, which pose environmental effects on water resources. The study examined <i>Coptodon zillii</i> liver rhodanese from a gold mining-impacted reservoir with a specific focus on the enzyme's critical function in cyanide detoxification. Rhodanese was purified using successive chromatographic techniques with 5.4 U/mg specific activity and 3.1-fold purification. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 36 kDa, and the subunits were 17 kDa, indicative of a dimeric structure. Optimal enzymatic activity was recorded at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. The effect of metal ions was significantly varied: the activity was inhibited by BaCl₂, CaCl₂, NaCl, and MgCl₂, and KCl enhanced performance. The kinetic determinations showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 20.0 mM for sodium thiosulfate and 25.0 mM for potassium cyanide. The enzyme's minimal activity was identified toward 2-mercaptoethanol, ammonium persulfate, and ammonium sulfate, but with evidence of preference for thiosulfate utilization under the substrate specificity tests. The major interactions between the enzyme and the substrate were revealed by the molecular docking experiments. These showed Glu159, Gln161, and Arg173 formed important hydrogen bonds with thiosulfate, while Arg156 and Val172 were also involved. Other substrates are bound to Gln121 and Trp139 residues with much lower binding energy than thiosulfate. The findings increase our understanding of biochemical adaptation process knowledge in anthropogenically stressed environments, showing strategies of ecological resilience. The characterized enzymatic features showed potent cyanide detoxification potential, and the possible applications are in bioremediation strategies for mining-impacted aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Atopic Symptoms in Childhood: Effect Modification by Child Sex.","authors":"Khushbu Dharmendra Bhatt, Shachi Mistry, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Adriana Mercado-Garcia, Jamil M Lane, Martha M Téllez-Rojo, Robert O Wright, Rosalind J Wright, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, Kecia N Carroll, Cecilia S Alcala, Maria José Rosa","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090749","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global rise in atopic diseases, like atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, may be linked to prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates, with potential sex-specific effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 558 mother-child pairs from the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City. Maternal urinary phthalate metabolites were measured during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed at ages 4-6 and 6-8 years using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood survey. Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) was used to assess sex-specific mixture associations. Individual sex-specific phthalate associations were examined using modified Poisson models with inclusion of product terms and stratification. Models were adjusted for maternal age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and prenatal tobacco exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that child sex modified associations between the 2nd trimester phthalate mixture and current atopic dermatitis symptoms at both 4-6 years (WQS*sex OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.60) and 6-8 years (WQS*sex OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.10). Among males, higher phthalate concentrations were positively associated with symptoms at both ages (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.32; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.46), while associations were negative in females (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.04; OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.02). No sex-specific associations were found for 3rd trimester exposures. Individual metabolite analyses also showed effect modification by sex for 2nd trimester exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prenatal exposure to phthalates is associated with atopic dermatitis symptoms in childhood in a sex-specific manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Effects of Waterborne Nitrite on LC₅₀, Hematological Parameters, and Plasma Biochemistry in Starry Flounder (<i>Platichthys stellatus</i>).","authors":"Bijae Gong, Hyeong Su Kim, Cheol Young Choi, Sung-Pyo Hur, Jun-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090748","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrite is a common environmental pollutant in aquaculture systems, where high levels can severely impair fish physiology and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of waterborne nitrite in starry flounder (<i>Platichthys stellatus</i>). Fish (mean weight 145.69 ± 16.06 g, mean total length 22.78 ± 0.70 cm) were exposed to nitrite concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg NO₂^-/L for 96 h. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of nitrite for <i>P. stellatus</i> was determined to be 574.47 mg NO₂^-/L. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell counts (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were significantly decreased by nitrite exposure. Plasma components including calcium (Ca²⁺), glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly changed by nitrite exposure. The results of this study suggest that acute exposure to waterborne nitrite (>200 mg NO₂^-/L) adversely affects survival rates, hematological parameters, and plasma components in <i>P. stellatus</i>. These findings provide important baseline data for nitrite toxicity assessment in <i>P. stellatus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments Affect Fish Reproduction-A Critical Review.","authors":"Roberta Pozzan, Aliciane de Almeida Roque, Hissashi Iwamoto, Fernando de Campos Guerreiro, Ana Paula da Silva, Dámaso Angel Rubio-Vargas, Micheli de Marchi, Felipe de Oliveira, Walter José Martínez-Burgos, Maritana Mela Prodocimo, Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090747","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biodiversity of marine and coastal ecosystems is constantly threatened by pollutants from a diversity of human activities. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pollutants widely released and deposited in these environments, leading to several impacts on the community of organisms that integrate these ecosystems. As lipophilic compounds, PAHs become bioavailable to organisms and can enter the trophic chain, leading to physiological changes and affecting different levels of biological organization. Several studies demonstrate that PAHs act as endocrine disruptors in marine fish, interfering with endocrine signaling through hormonal disturbances and, consequently, causing inhibition or overexpression of genes, enzymes, and proteins that are essential for reproduction success. These changes, in turn, can lead to population decline and cause immeasurable ecosystem damage. This review synthesizes studies published mainly between 2015 and 2025, aiming to critically present research that identifies different endocrine-reproductive changes in marine fish species exposed to PAHs in contaminated sites, highlighting the involved cellular mechanisms. Finally, we provide a survey of patents developed to identify PAHs in aquatic environments and how these techniques can be used in marine biomonitoring to evaluate water quality and the risk of exposure to biota and human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}