Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring the Biodegradation Progress of Naphthenic Acids in the Presence of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> Algae.","authors":"Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe, Cristina Maria Dusescu-Vasile, Daniela Roxana Popovici, Dorin Bombos, Raluca Elena Dragomir, Floricel Maricel Dima, Marian Bajan, Gabriel Vasilievici","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050368","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The experiments in this study investigated the toxicity of naphthenic acids (NAs) on the algal culture <i>Spirulina platensis</i>. The tests monitored the progression of the algal suspension in media contaminated with various concentrations of naphthenic acids. The evolution of the algal culture during the metabolism of NAs was investigated. The monitoring also included the determination of the values of some parameters during the biodegradation process (pH, conductivity, cell viability, dissolved oxygen). Optical density measurements (OD₆₀₀) were used to quantify the growth of <i>Spirulina platensis</i>, alongside the determination of the sedimentation index (IS). Cell viability was assessed microscopically using TEM and optical microscopy. The results facilitated the estimation of the percentage of cell growth inhibition and the inhibitory concentration value, determined by estimating ECb50 (concentration of NAs corresponding to 50% inhibition). The chemical quantification of naphthenic acids in the samples analyzed was performed by calculating the acidity value (AV) and characterizing the naphthenic acids through FTIR analysis. The graphical representation of ECb50 was established by extrapolating to a concentration of 110 mg/mL of naphthenic acids. We have demonstrated that pollution caused by NAs can be mitigated by the algae <i>Spirulina platensis</i>, which can metabolize these compounds and thus biodegrade them.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlordane-Induced Neurotoxicosis in Urban and Suburban Detroit, Michigan Striped Skunks (<i>Mephitis mephitis</i>).","authors":"Rachel Sheffler, Birgit Puschner, Julie Melotti, Scott D Fitzgerald, John P Buchweitz","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050367","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the ban of technical chlordane, contamination from this persistent organic pollutant has threatened wildlife and human health nearly forty years since its last application. The purpose of this study is to highlight the need for more systemic, broad-scale research efforts to monitor technical chlordane in wildlife sentinel species in urban settings to understand the nature and extent of pesticide pollution and mitigate risk associated with exposure to these compounds. This study presents an unusual finding of neurotoxicosis and elevated chlordane metabolite concentrations in Michigan striped skunks in the absence of other viral or toxic etiologies. In this study, eight of seventeen skunks displaying illness and neurologic signs had brain tissue concentrations of combined oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, and trans-nonachlor exceeding the 1000 ng/g wet weight diagnostic threshold for toxicosis. Liver tissue concentrations were ten-fold greater than those of the brain when measured on a lipid weight basis, which can help predict lethal brain residues in skunks. The ongoing presence of chlordane in the environment is expected to cause further unintended consequences for wildlife across the Detroit Metropolitan Area for decades to come. Together, veterinary toxicologists, wildlife biologists, environmental toxicologists, ecologists, and policy makers must utilize a One Health transdisciplinary approach and continue to evaluate the long-term effects of chlordane exposure. As with other pollutants in the River Rouge and River Raisin Areas of Concern, the presence of chlordane in the urban environment presents a significant risk for animal, human, and ecological health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization of Inorganic Phosphorus on Soils by Zinc Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles.","authors":"Jonathan Suazo-Hernández, Rawan Mlih, Marion Bustamante, Carmen Castro-Castillo, María de la Luz Mora, María de Los Ángeles Sepúlveda-Parada, Catalina Mella, Pablo Cornejo, Antonieta Ruiz","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050363","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overuse of inorganic phosphate fertilizers in soils has led to the transfer of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to aquatic ecosystems, resulting in eutrophication. Adsorption-desorption studies in batch systems were used to evaluate the effect of adding 1% zinc oxide (ZnO) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on Pi retention in Ultisol, and Mollisol soils. The 1% ZnO-ENPs showed increased chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter content, and reduce nutrient bioavailability (P, N, and Zn), and physical properties such as surface area and pore size of the two soils. The kinetic data of Pi adsorption on Ultisol, Mollisol, Ultisol + 1% ZnO-ENP, and Mollisol + 1% ZnO-ENP systems fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model (r² ≥ 0.942, and χ² ≤ 61), and the Elovich model (r² ≥ 0.951, and χ² ≤ 32). Pi adsorption isotherms for the Ultisol soil adequately fitted to the Freundlich model (r² = 0.976, and χ² = 16), and for the Mollisol soil, the Langmuir model (r² = 0.991, and χ² = 3) had a better fit to the data. With 1% ZnO-ENPs, the linear, Langmuir, and Freundlich models correctly described the Pi adsorption data. Pi desorption was reduced in the Ultisol compared to the Mollisol soil, and with 1% ZnO-ENPs further decreased Pi desorption in both soils. Therefore, ENPs can be used as a new alternative material for Pi fixation in agricultural soils and contribute to mitigating eutrophication issues of aqueous systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis Between Physical-Chemical and Biological Conditions in the River and the Incidence of Diseases in the City of Piracicaba, Brazil.","authors":"Alexander Ossanes de Souza, Deoclecio Jardim Amorim, Ernani Pinto","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050359","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Piracicaba River basin, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, covers approximately 12,400 km² and plays a crucial economic role in São Paulo's agribusiness corridor. However, it faces recurrent episodes of pollution, impacting water quality and public health, especially in urban areas exposed to contamination. Despite this, few studies have investigated the ecological and epidemiological consequences of this environmental degradation. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between physicochemical and biological variables of the Piracicaba River and the incidence of diseases in the city of Piracicaba between January 2019 and September 2024. Data on hospital admissions for respiratory, neurological, and liver symptoms were used, as well as environmental and water quality information, such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and the presence of cyanobacteria, obtained from public databases. The results showed seasonal patterns and long-term trends, highlighting the health risks associated with the river's pollution. Parameters such as phosphorus, pH, cyanobacteria concentration and climatic factors (temperature and humidity) showed an influence on the occurrence of respiratory, digestive, and neurological diseases. The study reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and public policies to mitigate impacts on the population's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Acetylcysteine-Amide Protects Against Acute Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Adult Zebrafish.","authors":"Niki Tagkalidou, Júlia Goyenechea-Cunillera, Irene Romero-Alfano, Maria Olivella Martí, Juliette Bedrossiantz, Eva Prats, Cristian Gomez-Canela, Demetrio Raldúa","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050362","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acrylamide (ACR) is a potent neurotoxicant that disrupts cellular redox homeostasis by depleting reduced glutathione (GSH) and inducing oxidative stress. Despite its well-characterized mechanism, no effective treatments for ACR-induced neurotoxicity currently exist. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine-amide (AD4), a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable derivative of N-acetylcysteine, in a novel severe acute ACR neurotoxicity model in adult zebrafish. Adult zebrafish received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ACR (800 μg/g), followed by AD4 (400 μg/g i.p.) or PBS 24 h later. ACR exposure reduced brain GSH levels by 51% reduction at 48 h, an effect fully reversed by AD4 treatment. Behavioral analyses showed that AD4 rescued ACR-induced deficits in short-term habituation of the acoustic startle response (ASR). Surprisingly, ACR exposure did not alter the neurochemical profile of key neurotransmitters or the expression of genes related to redox homeostasis, synaptic vesicle recycling, regeneration, or myelination. These results demonstrate AD4's neuroprotective effects against acute ACR-induced brain toxicity, highlighting its therapeutic potential and validating adult zebrafish as a translational model for studying neurotoxic mechanisms and neuroprotective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Plants: Research Progress and Future Prospects.","authors":"Rongrong Luo, Xiaoxiu Lun, Rui Gao, Le Wang, Yuan Yang, Xingqian Su, Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Xiaohang Xu, Hong Li, Jinjuan Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050364","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plants contribute to secondary air pollution through photochemical reactions in sunlight. Due to the influence of multiple factors, accurately characterizing and quantifying the emission of BVOCs from plant sources is challenging, which poses significant obstacles to the effective management and control of BVOCs. Therefore, this paper summarizes the emission mechanisms of BVOCs from plants, explores the primary factors influencing variations in the emission rates of these compounds, and evaluates the advantages and limitations of contemporary \"measurement-modeling\" methods for characterizing BVOC emissions. It is concluded that current measurement techniques still need to be further developed to meet the criteria of simplicity, affordability, and high precision simultaneously, and in terms of modeling and prediction studies, there is a lack of in-depth research on the atmospheric chemistry of BVOCs and the synergistic effects of multiple factors. Finally, it is suggested to leverage interdisciplinary strengths to develop advanced measurement technologies and high-resolution models for monitoring volatile compounds. Additionally, strategically selecting low-BVOC tree species in pollution-vulnerable urban areas-contingent on rigorous ecological assessments-combined with stringent controls on anthropogenic precursors (e.g., anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs)) could serve as a complementary measure to mitigate secondary pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Potential Toxic Effects of Fungicide Fludioxonil on Human Cells and Aquatic Microorganisms.","authors":"Maria Antonopoulou, Anna Tzamaria, Sotiris Papas, Ioanna Efthimiou, Dimitris Vlastos","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050358","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fludioxonil is a widely used fungicide that is frequently used to combat fungal plant diseases. Consequently, excessive concentrations of fludioxonil may enter and accumulate over time in aquatic systems, harming (micro) organisms in several ways. Thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the potential toxic effects of fludioxonil using bioassays. In the present study, various in vitro assays were used to assess the possible effects of fludioxonil in human cells and aquatic microorganisms. For the investigation of the toxic effects of fludioxonil on freshwater microalgae, <i>Scenedesmus rubescens</i> and <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i> were exposed to various environmentally relevant concentrations of the fungicide for a period of 96 h. Fludioxonil at 50-200 μg L^-1 significantly limited the growth of both microalgae, especially in the first 24 h of the exposure, where inhibitions up to 82.34% were calculated. The toxicity of fludioxonil was further evaluated via the Microtox test, and the studied fungicide was found to be less toxic for the bacteria <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i>. Regarding human cells, the fludioxonil's toxic and cyto-genotoxic effects were assessed using the Trypan blue exclusion test and the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) assay. Cell viability in all fludioxonil-treated concentrations was similar to control values according to the results of the Trypan blue exclusion test. However, the CBMN assay was used and revealed that fludioxonil had genotoxic potential in higher concentrations and exerted cytotoxic activity against human lymphocytes. Specifically, only the highest dose of fludioxonil, i.e., 10 μg mL^-1, exerted genotoxic effects against human lymphocytes, whereas treatment with 0.5, 1, and 5 μg mL^-1 did not lead to statistically significant induction of micronuclei (MN) frequencies compared with the control culture. However, fludioxonil-mediated cytotoxicity was statistically significant, which was demonstrated by the decreased CBPI (cytokinesis block proliferation index) values in all cases except for the lowest dose, i.e., 0.5 μg mL^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Response of Liver Cell Culture in Atlantic Salmon Challenged Under Two Antibiotics: Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol.","authors":"Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Francisco Dann, Ricardo Oyarzún-Salazar, Daniela Nualart, José Luis P Muñoz","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050361","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture is currently the fastest-growing sector in animal production, with an average annual growth rate of 7.5% since 1970. In Chile, the industry is largely driven by salmonid farming, with <i>Salmo salar</i> (Atlantic salmon) accounting for over 65% of national production. This species has shown the most significant growth within the sector. This growth is achieved by having high-density farming, which results in high levels of stress due to overcrowding and the appearance of pathogens such as the Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) virus, Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), Caligus sea lice (<i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i>), and Piscirickettsiosis (SRS) caused by <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i>, among others. This study evaluated the toxicity of the two most commonly used antibiotics in the salmon industry-oxytetracycline and florfenicol-at four concentrations each, using primary liver cell cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Oxidative stress was assessed through enzymatic activity and gene expression of oxidative markers, including cytochrome P450, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Samples were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 48 h post-exposure. These findings reveal time- and dose-dependent oxidative responses in salmon liver cells to OTC and FLO, providing critical insights into the sublethal cellular effects of antibiotics commonly used in aquaculture, which indicates the presence of a high amount of free radicals in the liver cells, indicating toxicity of both antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Reduces Epithelial-to-MesEnchymal Transition Through Blocking SiO₂-Regulated JNK Activation.","authors":"Guanhan Xiang, Liang Gong, Kai Wang, Xiaobo Sun, Zhihong Liu, Qian Cai","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050365","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Silicosis, a chronic lung fibrosis disorder triggered by the accumulation of silica dust in the deep lung regions, is characterized by intricate molecular mechanisms. Among these, the NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and JNK (C-Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Despite their significance, the precise mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these pathways remain largely unexplored. (2) Methods: To unravel these interactions, we examined the interplay between JNK and NOX2 in human epithelial cells subjected to silica dust exposure through in vivo assays, followed by validation using single-cell sequencing. Our findings consistently revealed elevated expression levels of key components from both the JNK signaling pathway and NOX2 in the lungs of silicosis-induced mice and silica-treated human epithelial cells. (3) Results: Notably, the activation of these pathways was linked to increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, elevated levels of profibrogenic factors, and diminished cell proliferation in silica-exposed human lung epithelial cells. Further mechanistic analyses demonstrated that JNK signaling amplifies NOX2 expression and ROS production induced by silica exposure, while treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 mitigates these effects. Conversely, overexpression of NOX2 enhanced silica-induced JNK activation and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors, whereas NOX2 knockdown exerted the opposite effect. These results suggest a positive feedback loop between JNK and NOX2 signaling, which may drive EMT in lung epithelial cells following silica exposure. (4) Conclusions: This reciprocal interaction appears to play a critical role in lung epithelial cell damage and the pathogenesis of silicosis, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying profibrogenic disease and offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Profitable Chrysanthemums for the Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils.","authors":"Xinzhe Lu, Yanfang Chen, Jinqiu Song, Jiayu Bao, Chunzheng Dai, Rui Sun, Jiacheng Liu, Chenjiang Jin, Nanchong Zhong, Chunlei Huang, Kokyo Oh","doi":"10.3390/toxics13050360","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13050360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the phytoremediation effect of ornamental chrysanthemums on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland soil, a 2-year field trial was conducted on 23 chrysanthemum cultivars in Cd-contaminated soil in Zhejiang Province, China. The biomass yields, Cd content of the plants, Cd enrichment coefficient, and remediation efficiency were evaluated. The aboveground biomass of the tested chrysanthemums was 67.10-166.08 g/plant, the aboveground Cd content was 1.97-5.92 mg kg^-1, and the Cd enrichment coefficient was 2.98-9.84. In a screening test of twenty-three chrysanthemum cultivars, six cultivars, such as marigolds, were characterized by high cadmium accumulation, with the average cadmium accumulation of chrysanthemums exceeding 0.6 mg per plant, and the remediation of rhizosphere-contaminated soils took only 4-5 years. Fourteen chrysanthemum cultivars have good multiple-cropping characteristics, and five multiple-cropping chrysanthemum cultivars, such as QX-yz, have high heavy metal tolerance. The multiple-cropping JL-yg cultivars with higher Cd accumulation could be recommended for the remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland. The application of bamboo vinegar to the chrysanthemum rhizosphere effectively promoted Cd absorption. After estimating the economic benefits of artificially planting five dominant varieties of chrysanthemums for polluted farmland remediation, it is concluded that the annual income of a worker can be slightly higher than the average annual income level of local residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}