Exposure to Kalach, a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide, During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Hypothyroidism and Bone Disorders in Rat Offspring.

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.3390/toxics13090752

Latifa Hamdaoui, Hafedh El Feki, Marwa Ben Amor, Hassane Oudadesse, Mohamed Atwan, Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari, Faten Brahmi, Hmed Ben-Nasr, Riadh Badraoui, Tarek Rebai

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Abstract

Kalach (KL) is a glyphosate (G)-based herbicide extensively used in agricultural and urban areas in Tunisia. It has been reported that G crosses the placenta in pregnant rats, potentially disrupting organ function in offspring. The present study examined the effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to KL on thyroid function, bone integrity, and phosphocalcic homeostasis in rat offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups, group A (control group) and group B, exposed to KL (each mother rat received 0.07 mL of KL diluted in 1 mL of water by gavage). On postnatal day 14, plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid hormones, calcium, and phosphorus. Histology and immunohistochemical study of bone and thyroid, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy assessed alterations. Additionally, we complemented the in vivo study with an in silico study. We found that KL induced hypothyroidism, necrosis in thyroid tissue, and phosphocalcic imbalance, leading to skeletal abnormalities. Structural and mineralization defects in bone were confirmed by FTIR and XRD analysis. The in silico study revealed that G bids to growth hormone receptors and thyroglobulin with good affinity, corroborating the in vivo findings. In conclusion, KL may interfere with bone tissue, growth hormone receptors, and thyroglobulin, impair hypothyroidism, and function as an endocrine disruptor exposure. Consequently, KL induces disorganization of the femoral growth plate.

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妊娠和哺乳期暴露于Kalach（一种草甘膦除草剂）可导致大鼠后代甲状腺功能减退和骨骼疾病。

Kalach （KL）是一种基于草甘膦(G)的除草剂，广泛用于突尼斯的农业和城市地区。据报道，G穿过怀孕大鼠的胎盘，可能会破坏后代的器官功能。本研究考察了产前和哺乳期暴露于KL对大鼠后代甲状腺功能、骨完整性和磷钙稳态的影响。将怀孕大鼠分为两组，A组（对照组）和B组（每只母鼠灌胃0.07 mL KL，用1ml水稀释）。在出生后第14天，对血浆样本进行甲状腺激素、钙和磷的分析。骨骼和甲状腺的组织学和免疫组织化学研究，傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，x射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜评估变化。此外，我们用计算机研究补充了体内研究。我们发现KL引起甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺组织坏死和磷钙失衡，导致骨骼异常。FTIR和XRD分析证实了骨结构和矿化缺陷。计算机研究显示G对生长激素受体和甲状腺球蛋白具有良好的亲和力，证实了体内研究结果。综上所述，KL可能干扰骨组织、生长激素受体和甲状腺球蛋白，损害甲状腺功能减退，并具有内分泌干扰物暴露的功能。因此，KL诱导股骨生长板的解体。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of toxic chemicals and materials. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in detail. There is, therefore, no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, although authors should write their papers in a clear and concise way. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of calculations and experimental procedure can be deposited as supplementary material, if it is not possible to publish them along with the text.