Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Bioassay Using the DR-EcoScreen System to Measure Dioxin-Related Compounds in Serum Samples from Individuals Exposed to Dioxins Originating from Agent Orange in Vietnam.","authors":"Masafumi Nakamura, Ryo Matsuda, Hoa Thi Vu, Tai Pham-The, Thao Ngoc Pham, Tomoya Takiguchi, Hisao Nishijo, Muneko Nishijo","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060513","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bioassay for dioxin analysis of human samples has the advantages of cost effectiveness and requiring only a small sample volume. Using a DR-EcoScreen bioassay, we measured the biological equivalency (BEQ) levels in serum samples from 32 men exposed to dioxins in Bien Hoa and 32 unexposed men in Hanoi, Vietnam. For the Bien Hoa men, the World Health Organization toxic equivalent (WHO-TEQ) levels of dioxins had already been measured by instrumental analysis. The difference in fat-based BEQ levels between exposed and unexposed men was greater than for crude BEQ levels, with a strong correlation between fat-based BEQ and WHO-TEQ levels. The fat-based BEQ levels in Bien Hoa men with longer residency but lower WHO-TEQ levels were significantly higher than those in unexposed men and Bien Hoa men with shorter residency but higher WHO-TEQs, suggesting that fat-based BEQ may be an effective marker of dioxin-like activity. Additionally, comparisons of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and TEQs between shorter- and longer-residency groups indicated that higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), particularly TCDD, contribute to increased BEQ levels. Taken together, the DR-EcoScreen bioassay may be useful to analyze dioxin-like activity associated with WHO-TEQs of men in a dioxin contamination hotspot originating from Agent Orange in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and High Nitrate Hazards of Shallow Groundwater in an Urban Area of Southwestern China.","authors":"Chang Yang, Si Chen, Jianhui Dong, Yunhui Zhang, Yangshuang Wang, Wulue Kang, Xingjun Zhang, Yuanyi Liang, Dunkai Fu, Yuting Yan, Shiming Yang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060516","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater nitrate (NO₃^-) contamination has emerged as a critical global environmental issue, posing serious human health risks. This study systematically investigated the hydrochemical processes, sources of NO₃^- pollution, the impact of land use on NO₃^- pollution, and drinking water safety in an urban area of southwestern China. Thirty-one groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major hydrochemical parameters and dual isotopic composition of NO₃^- (δ¹⁵N-NO₃^- and δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-). The groundwater samples were characterized by neutral to slightly alkaline nature, and were dominated by the Ca-HCO₃ type. Hydrochemical analysis revealed that water-rock interactions, including carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and cation exchange, were the primary natural processes controlling hydrochemistry. Additionally, anthropogenic influences have significantly altered NO₃^- concentration. A total of 19.35% of the samples exceeded the Chinese guideline limit of 20 mg/L for NO₃^-. Isotopic evidence suggested that primary sources of NO₃^- in groundwater include NH₄⁺-based fertilizer, soil organic nitrogen, sewage, and manure. Spatial distribution maps indicated that the spatial distribution of NO₃^- concentration correlated strongly with land use types. Elevated NO₃^- levels were observed in areas dominated by agriculture and artificial surfaces, while lower concentrations were associated with grass-covered ridge areas. The unabsorbed NH₄⁺ from nitrogen fertilizer entered groundwater along with precipitation and irrigation water infiltration. The direct discharge of domestic sewage and improper disposal of livestock manure contributed substantially to NO₃^- pollution. The nitrogen fixation capacity of the grassland ecosystem led to a relatively low NO₃^- concentration in the ridge region. Despite elevated NO₃^- and F^- concentrations, the entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) indicated that all groundwater samples were suitable for drinking. This study provides valuable insights into NO₃^- source identification and hydrochemical processes across varying land-use types.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods Reveal Heavy Metal-Induced Health Risks in Guizhou, China.","authors":"Qinju Li, Dashuan Li, Zelan Wang, Dali Sun, Ting Zhang, Qinghai Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060515","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to high geological background and intensive mining activities, soils are prone to heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and ecological fragility in Guizhou Province, China. A total of 740 topsoil samples were therefore collected, and aimed to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, estimate the ecological pollution, and evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to humans. Results showed As (1.08%) and Cd (24.46%) in soil exceeded standards. The Igeo showed that Cr (1.49%) and Hg (31.62%) in soil were at light pollution levels; single factor pollution index (PI) showed that Cd (21.35%) in soil was mildly polluted; risk index (RI) as at a low risk level. Notably, both deterministic and Monte Carlo analyses revealed unacceptable carcinogenic risks for As and Cr in children, with traditional methods potentially underestimating As risks. Moreover, Target-Organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) revealed soil HMs as a higher risk to hematological health, with notable health risks posed by Pb in children. It is noted that spatial distribution analysis suggested that the southwestern region of Guizhou Province should be prioritized for health risk management and control. By integrating the uniqueness of geological environments, multi-dimensional health risk assessments, and spatial distributions, the present study provides a scientific basis for assessing HMs pollution risks and soil health risks in the karst regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotoxicity and Modern Volatile Anesthetics: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Benedicte Hauquiert, Aurelien Gonze, Thibault Gennart, Emily Perriens, Sydney Blackman, Nathan De Lissnyder, Arnaud Robert, Julien Moury, Gauthier Nendumba, Ilann Oueslati, Priscilla Gillis, Ovidiu Vornicu, Anne-Sophie Dincq, Pierre Bulpa, Isabelle Michaux, Patrick M Honore","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060514","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile anesthetics, while increasingly utilized in intensive care medicine, are associated with significant renal adverse effects. A critical safety concern-particularly with sevoflurane-involves its potential impact on renal function. Pathophysiologically, inorganic fluoride levels exceeding 50 µmol/L are recognized as a threshold for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a condition generally considered reversible. Additionally, the sevoflurane degradation product \"compound A\" has been implicated in direct renal tubular and glomerular toxicity. Specifically, exposure has been correlated with glomerular damage, evidenced by albuminuria, as well as injury to both proximal and distal tubules, indicated by elevated levels of α-glutathione-S-transferase. Postprandial glycosuria may also be observed. Unlike nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the structural damage induced by compound A may result in irreversible renal impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Toxicological Evaluation of Novel Polyurethane Materials.","authors":"Maolan Zhang, Xuanran Luo, Maocai Jiang, Yu Wen, Peng Wang, Peixing Chen, Da Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060512","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyurethane (PU) is widely employed in the biomedical field. As application scenarios become increasingly complex, it is essential to modify PU to meet diverse requirements. Additionally, the degradation of PU is closely linked to the sustainability of its function, with degradation products having a direct impact on adjacent tissues. In this study, a novel PU containing double bonds in its main chain was developed. We investigated the influence of various ratios of soft segment composition on the degradation performance of PU, maintaining a fixed ratio of soft to hard segments and utilizing specific synthesis methods. The structure and molecular weight of the PU were analyzed using FTIR, NMR, and GPC techniques. The results of physical and chemical performance tests indicated that an increase in polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) content within the soft segment enhanced the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and degradation performance of the PU. A further assessment of the degradation toxicity of PU was carried out using zebrafish as a model organism. The findings indicated that the degradation solution of PU exhibited slight toxicity to zebrafish embryonic development over prolonged degradation periods. However, it also significantly enhanced the hatching of zebrafish embryos. In summary, the novel PU developed in this study demonstrates favorable biocompatibility, and the approach of introducing reaction sites or modifying the composition of its soft segments within the molecular structure offers a promising and effective strategy to address specific application requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Electromagnetic Pollution in the ART Laboratory Affect Sperm Quality? A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Giorgio Maria Baldini, Dario Lot, Daniele Ferri, Luigi Montano, Mario Valerio Tartagni, Antonio Malvasi, Antonio Simone Laganà, Mario Palumbo, Domenico Baldini, Giuseppe Trojano","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060510","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by standard devices has raised concerns about possible effects on reproductive health. This cross-sectional observational study examined the impact of EMFs on sperm motility in a sample of 102 healthy males aged 20-35 years in the IVF laboratory. Semen samples were exposed to different sources of EMF for one hour, and motility was assessed immediately thereafter. The results showed a significant reduction in progressive sperm motility after exposure to EMFs generated by mobile phones and Wi-Fi repeaters in the laboratory. In contrast, other equipment showed no significant effects. The study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in progressive sperm motility following in vitro exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by mobile communication devices and wireless local area network access points. Conversely, other electromagnetic emitting devices evaluated did not elicit significant alterations in this parameter. These findings suggest a potential negative impact of specific EMF sources on semen quality, underscoring the necessity for further comprehensive research to elucidate the clinical implications and to develop potential mitigation strategies aimed at reducing risks to male reproductive health. This study discourages the introduction of mobile phones in IVF laboratories and recommends positioning Wi-Fi repeaters on the ceiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Element Levels and Heavy Metal Burdens in Bottlenose Dolphins That Stranded in the Mississippi Sound Surrounding the 2019 Unusual Mortality Event.","authors":"Nelmarie Landrau-Giovannetti, Ryanne Murray, Stephen Reichley, Debra Moore, Theresa Madrigal, Ashli Brown, Ashley Meredith, Christina Childers, Darrell Sparks, Moby Solangi, Anna Linhoss, Beth Peterman, Mark Lawrence, Barbara L F Kaplan","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060511","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019, an unusual mortality event (UME) affected bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) in the Mississippi Sound (MSS) following an extended dual opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS), which prevents flooding in New Orleans. This resulted in low salinity, skin lesions, and electrolyte imbalances in dolphins. Additionally, the influx likely altered the MSS's environmental chemical composition, including levels of heavy metals and metalloids; thus, we quantified heavy metals, metalloids, and essential elements in the tissues of dolphins that stranded in the MSS before and after the 2019 UME. We hypothesized that levels of heavy metals and metalloids (such as mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)) would not show significant changes post-UME. Indeed, we found no major changes associated with the UME in most metals; sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) levels were lower in several tissues after 2019, which correlated with the average yearly salinity measured from the MSS. Toxic metals and metalloids were detectable with some changes over time; however, the selenium (Se):Hg molar ratio increased in some tissues post-2019. Additionally, we confirmed that Hg can bioaccumulate, with positive correlations between Hg levels and dolphin size as assessed by straight length. Overall, our findings indicate that freshwater incursions into the MSS can alter dolphin exposure to essential and toxic elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban-Rural Differences in Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality: A Comparative Study in Bangladesh.","authors":"Masamitsu Kurata, Akira Hibiki, Kazushi Takahashi, Yutaka Matsumi","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060509","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health hazards caused by indoor air pollution (IAP) remain a global concern, especially in developing countries. IAP has complex mechanisms related to outdoor air pollution (OAP) and various other factors, and their relationship needs to be clarified to examine effective policies. We conducted an indoor and outdoor air monitoring survey in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas in Bangladesh, one of the countries with the most severe air pollution. The results show that IAP is more severe in urban households than in rural households, with a five-fold difference in daily indoor PM2.5 concentration between 117 μg/m3 and 22 μg/m3, respectively. Regression analysis reveals that IAP is strongly associated with OAP and is hardly affected by solid fuels used in well-ventilated outside kitchens. Our findings support the view that the mitigation of IAP in developing countries can be achieved not only through a transition to clean fuels, which often entails substantial costs, but also through more practical and accessible alternatives, such as the use of outdoor kitchens, electric fans, and careful management of behaviors such as indoor smoking and mosquito coil use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Mercury Concentration in Cosmetic Clays.","authors":"Agnieszka Fischer, Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała, Wiktoria Jańska, Luiza Jeyranyan, Beata Malara","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060507","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Clays are popular raw materials of natural origin used in cosmetology, beauty salons, and home care. They have moisturizing, soothing, cleansing, disinfecting, detoxifying, and regenerating properties, and can be used externally in the form of poultices or internally in solution form. Though they are characterized by a rich and diverse mineral composition and are considered safe for the body, their use can expose users to harmful elements including mercury. (2) Materials and methods: This study analyzed mercury (Hg) concentrations in samples of cosmetic clays available on the Polish market. Hg analysis was performed using the AAS method with an AMA 254 analyzer. The clays differed in type/color and were purchased from different manufacturers. (3) Results: The mean Hg content in all the tested samples was 28.91 µg/kg, with a range of changes of 1.87-200.81 µg/kg. The highest concentrations of Hg were found in green (AM = 53.26 µg/kg) and white (AM = 52.80 µg/kg) clays, while the lowest were detected in purple (AM = 2.56 µg/kg) and blue (AM = 3.69 µg/kg) clays. The differences in Hg content between individual types of clay were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Due to the presence of Hg found in all the samples of cosmetic clay tested, it is likely that these products need to be tested for their metal contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Indoor Dust in the Tampa Bay (Florida) Area.","authors":"Adebayo Solanke, Lukasz Talalaj, Claire Graham, Henry Alegria","doi":"10.3390/toxics13060508","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13060508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As polybrominated diphenyl ethers were phased out as flame retardants and plasticizers, increasing quantities of organophosphate triesters (OPEs) have been used as replacements. Despite a surge in reports on levels and profiles of OPEs, especially in indoor environments, and the potential exposure, there are still understudied areas with no data on the levels of these chemicals. We carried out the first study investigating levels and profiles of OPEs in indoor dust from such an area, the Tampa Bay (Florida) area. ∑₁₃OPEs measured at each site ranged from 545 to 502,086 ng g^-1, with overall medians and means over 64 sites of 15,447 and 36,135 ng g^-1, respectively. Alkyl OPEs were predominant, with lesser levels of chlorinated and aryl OPEs. Median levels were highest for tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) at 4641 and 1046 ng g^-1, respectively; lower for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (T2CPP), and tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) at 530, 458, and 360 ng g^-1, respectively; with others ranging from 2 to 85 ng g^-1. There were differences in levels in different microenvironments (urban versus suburban; non-residential versus residential; apartments versus single-family homes; daycares versus residences and university rooms; building age; and rooms with different floor material). Estimated daily intakes for median and higher exposure scenarios for ∑₁₃OPEs (in ng kg^-1 bw day^-1) were 12 and 552 for toddlers and 6 and 451 for adults, respectively. TBOEP accounted for 30% of total intake for toddlers and adults in a mean exposure scenario but 90% for high exposure scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}