Toxics最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings. 废弃冶炼场地土壤和地下水重金属的全球环境地球化学和分子形态:喀斯特环境污染动态和修复方案分析
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070608
Hang Xu, Qiao Han, Muhammad Adnan, Mengfei Li, Mingshi Wang, Mingya Wang, Fengcheng Jiang, Xixi Feng
{"title":"Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings.","authors":"Hang Xu, Qiao Han, Muhammad Adnan, Mengfei Li, Mingshi Wang, Mingya Wang, Fengcheng Jiang, Xixi Feng","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abandoned smelting sites in karst terrain pose a serious environmental problem due to the complex relationship between specific hydrogeological elements and heavy metal contamination. This review combines work from across the globe to consider how karst-specific features (i.e., rapid underground drainage, high permeability, and carbonate mineralogy) influence the mobility, speciation, and bioavailability of \"metallic\" pollutants, such as Pb, Cd, Zn, and As. In some areas, such as Guizhou (China), the Cd content in the surface soil is as high as 23.36 mg/kg, indicating a regional risk. Molecular-scale analysis, such as synchrotron-based XAS, can elucidate the speciation forms that underlie toxicity and remediation potential. Additionally, we emphasize discrepancies between karst in Asia, Europe, and North America and synthesize cross-regional contamination events. The risk evaluation is complicated, particularly when dynamic flow systems and spatial heterogeneity are permanent, and deep models like DI-NCPI are required as a matter of course. The remediation is still dependent on the site; however, some technologies, such as phytoremediation, biosorption, and bioremediation, are promising if suitable geochemical and microbial conditions are present. This review presents a framework for integrating molecular data and hydrogeological concepts to inform the management of risk and sustainable remediation of legacy metal pollution in karst.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024. 意大利的车辆杀人罪:2018年至2024年拉齐奥地区致命道路事故中酒精和药物使用的趋势。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070607
Francesca Vernich, Leonardo Romani, Federico Mineo, Giulio Mannocchi, Lucrezia Stefani, Margherita Pallocci, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Michele Treglia, Roberta Tittarelli
{"title":"The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024.","authors":"Francesca Vernich, Leonardo Romani, Federico Mineo, Giulio Mannocchi, Lucrezia Stefani, Margherita Pallocci, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Michele Treglia, Roberta Tittarelli","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Italy, the law on road homicide (Law no. 41/2016) introduced specific provisions for drivers who cause severe injuries or death to a person due to the violation of the Highway Code. The use of alcohol or drugs while driving constitutes an aggravating circumstance of the offence and provides for a tightening of penalties. Our study aims to report on the analysis performed on blood samples collected between January 2018 and December 2024 from drivers convicted of road homicide and who tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The majority of the involved subjects were males belonging to the 18-30 and 41-50 age groups. Alcohol, cocaine and cannabinoids were the most detected substances and the most frequent polydrug combination was alcohol and cocaine. We also investigated other influencing factors in road traffic accidents as the day of the week and the time of the day in which fatal road traffic accident occurred, and the time elapsed between the road accident and the collection of biological samples. Our data, in line with the international scenario, strongly support that, in addition to the tightening of penalties, raising awareness plays a key role in preventing alcohol- and drug-related traffic accidents by increasing risk perception and encouraging safer driving behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Sperm Functionality: An In Vitro Study of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Fertility-Related Genes Expression. 聚苯乙烯微塑料对人类精子功能的影响:细胞毒性、遗传毒性和生育相关基因表达的体外研究。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070605
Filomena Mottola, Maria Carannante, Ilaria Palmieri, Lorenzo Ibello, Luigi Montano, Mariaceleste Pezzullo, Nicola Mosca, Nicoletta Potenza, Lucia Rocco
{"title":"Impact of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Sperm Functionality: An In Vitro Study of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Fertility-Related Genes Expression.","authors":"Filomena Mottola, Maria Carannante, Ilaria Palmieri, Lorenzo Ibello, Luigi Montano, Mariaceleste Pezzullo, Nicola Mosca, Nicoletta Potenza, Lucia Rocco","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) released in the environment reportedly affect the reproduction of various organisms, induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, resulting in altered sperm parameters. In this in vitro study, we tested the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PS-MPs by exposing human semen samples to PS-MPs levels (105 and 210 μg/mL) for 30-60-90 min. Semen parameters, genome stability, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed before and after exposure. Moreover, we also evaluated the expression level of spermatozoa-specific expressed genes essential for the fusion with oocyte (<i>DCST1</i>, <i>DCST2</i>, <i>IZUMO1</i>, <i>SPACA6</i>, <i>SOF1</i>, and <i>TMEM95</i>). After PS-MP exposure, semen concentration and morphology did not differ, while sperm vitality and motility decreased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, sperm agglutination was observed in the groups exposed to both PS-MPs concentrations tested. A time- and concentration-dependent reduction in genomic stability, as well as increased SDF and ROS production, was also observed. Moreover, all investigated transcripts were down-regulated after PS-MP exposure. Our results confirm the oxidative stress-mediated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of PS-MPs on human spermatozoa. The sperm agglutination observed after treatment could be due to the aggregation of PS-MPs already adhered to the sperm membranes, hindering sperm movement and fertilizing capability. Interestingly, the downregulation of genes required for sperm-oocyte fusion, resulting from data on the in vitro experimental system, suggests that PS-MP exposure may have implications for sperm functionality. While these findings highlight potential mechanisms of sperm dysfunction, further investigations using in vivo models are needed to determine their broader biological implications. Possible environmental and working exposure to pollutants should be considered during the counselling for male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nephrotoxicity of New Antibiotics: A Systematic Review. 新抗生素的肾毒性:系统综述。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070606
Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Laura T Romanos, Charalampos Loutradis, Matthew E Falagas
{"title":"Nephrotoxicity of New Antibiotics: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Laura T Romanos, Charalampos Loutradis, Matthew E Falagas","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common and serious problem in clinical practice. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting nephrotoxicity events associated with antibiotics approved since 2018. The agents assessed included aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefiderocol, ceftobiprole, contezolid, gepotidacin, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, lascufloxacin, lefamulin, levonadifloxacin, plazomicin, and sulbactam/durlobactam. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and major pharmacovigilance databases (Vigibase, FAERS, EudraVigilance, EMA, FDA, NMPA, PMDA, and CDSCO) in May 2025, along with reference citation tracking. Studies were included if they reported safety or adverse event data. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools in accordance with the study design. Out of 2105 potentially relevant records, 74 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 52 clinical trials, 17 observational studies, 1 registry-based study, 3 case series, and 1 case report. Nephrotoxicity was rarely reported for any of the newly approved antibiotics. No renal adverse events were found in the available studies for aztreonam/avibactam, levonadifloxacin, and contezolid. Most studies were of moderate to high quality; two were classified as low quality. However, nephrotoxicity was inconsistently assessed, with variable definitions and methodologies used. Although current data suggest a low frequency of nephrotoxicity, limitations in study design and reporting preclude firm conclusions. There is a need for post-marketing studies to better characterize renal safety. Clinicians should remain vigilant and continue to monitor for and report renal-related adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress in Germinating Wheat Seeds Using Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and EPR Techniques. 利用激光光声光谱和EPR技术评价铜诱导小麦种子萌发中的氧化应激。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070604
Mioara Petrus, Cristina Popa, Ana-Maria Bratu, Alexandra Camelia Joita, Vasile Bercu
{"title":"Evaluating Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress in Germinating Wheat Seeds Using Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and EPR Techniques.","authors":"Mioara Petrus, Cristina Popa, Ana-Maria Bratu, Alexandra Camelia Joita, Vasile Bercu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper is an essential micronutrient for plants, but excessive levels can induce toxicity and impair physiological functions. This study evaluates the toxic effects of copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) on the germination of common wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), with emphasis on the gas emission dynamics and oxidative stress biomarkers. Seeds were germinated in agar and exposed to CuSO<sub>4</sub> at concentrations of 1 µM, 100 µM, 1 mM, and 10 mM; distilled water served as the control. Ethylene and ammonia emissions were quantified using CO<sub>2</sub> laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, while electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was employed to detect free radicals and Cu<sup>2+</sup> complexes. Exposure to Cu concentrations ≥ 1 mM significantly inhibited germination and biomass accumulation. Enhanced ethylene and ammonia emissions, particularly at 10 mM, indicated stress-related metabolic responses. The EPR spectra confirmed the presence of semiquinone radicals and Cu<sup>2+</sup> complexes under higher Cu levels. These results demonstrate that photoacoustic and EPR techniques are effective tools for the early detection of metal-induced phytotoxicity and offer a non-invasive approach to environmental toxicity screening and plant stress assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermoset Polyester Resin Microplastics: Effects on Enzymatic Biomarkers and Toxicological Endpoint Responses of Eisenia fetida Earthworms. 热固性聚酯树脂微塑料:对肥Eisenia fetida蚯蚓酶生物标志物和毒理学终点反应的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070602
David Amaya-Vías, Gemma Albendín, Vanessa Aranda-Quirós, Rocío Rodríguez-Barroso, Dolores Coello, Juana María Arellano
{"title":"Thermoset Polyester Resin Microplastics: Effects on Enzymatic Biomarkers and Toxicological Endpoint Responses of <i>Eisenia fetida</i> Earthworms.","authors":"David Amaya-Vías, Gemma Albendín, Vanessa Aranda-Quirós, Rocío Rodríguez-Barroso, Dolores Coello, Juana María Arellano","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermosets are plastic composite materials widely used in many industrial sectors of modern society with an increasing presence in the environment. The adverse effects of this material on environmental compartments and biota of thermosets are still unknown. In this work, we studied the potential effects of two thermoset polyester resin-derived microplastics (R930A-SP and R930A-DVE1) on the survival, behavior, morphological changes and subcellular damage of earthworms <i>Eisenia fetida</i>. The proposed experimental conditions simulated environmentally relevant concentrations, taking as a reference other related microplastics present in the environment. Thus, <i>E. fetida</i> specimens were exposed to five concentrations (100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg resin per kg soil) of these two resins for 14 days. At concentrations and exposure times studied, no significant effects on growth, measured as weight loss, or on the enzyme biomarkers (cholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase) were observed. Similarly, no behavioral changes were detected in earthworms, and the survival rate was 100%. Likewise, no differences were observed between the different formulations of the polyester resins studied. However, this study could serve as a starting point for further studies with higher concentrations and/or exposure times, as well as in combination with other pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental Risk and Management of Iron Tailings in Road Subgrade. 公路路基铁尾矿环境风险与治理
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070603
Xiaowei Xu, Dapeng Zhang, Jie Cao, Chaoyue Wu, Yi Wang, Jing Hua, Zehua Zhao, Jun Zhang, Qi Yu
{"title":"Environmental Risk and Management of Iron Tailings in Road Subgrade.","authors":"Xiaowei Xu, Dapeng Zhang, Jie Cao, Chaoyue Wu, Yi Wang, Jing Hua, Zehua Zhao, Jun Zhang, Qi Yu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilization of iron tailings in road construction poses significant environmental risks due to the complex release mechanisms of pollutants and varying regional conditions. This study integrates an exponential decay model with an instantaneous pollutant transport model, employing Monte Carlo simulations to assess risks and regional characteristics. Results show high Potential Hazard Indices (PHIs) for arsenic, manganese, barium, nickel, and lead, with PHI values between 4.2 and 22.7. Simulations indicate that manganese and nickel concentrations may exceed groundwater standards, particularly in humid areas. The study recommends controlling the iron tailings mixing ratio based on climate, suggesting limits of 35% in humid, 60% in semi-humid, and more lenient ratios in arid and semi-arid regions. It also underscores the need for improved risk assessment methodologies and region-specific management strategies at the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunotoxicity Studies on the Insecticide 2-((1-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)pyridine (MPEP) in Hsd:Harlan Sprague Dawley SD® Rats. 杀虫剂2-((1-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)pyridine (MPEP)对Hsd:Harlan Sprague Dawley SD®大鼠的免疫毒性研究
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070600
Victor J Johnson, Stefanie C M Burleson, Michael I Luster, Gary R Burleson, Barry McIntyre, Veronica G Robinson, Reshan A Fernando, James Blake, Donna Browning, Stephen Cooper, Shawn Harris, Dori R Germolec
{"title":"Immunotoxicity Studies on the Insecticide 2-((1-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)pyridine (MPEP) in Hsd:Harlan Sprague Dawley SD<sup>®</sup> Rats.","authors":"Victor J Johnson, Stefanie C M Burleson, Michael I Luster, Gary R Burleson, Barry McIntyre, Veronica G Robinson, Reshan A Fernando, James Blake, Donna Browning, Stephen Cooper, Shawn Harris, Dori R Germolec","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The broad-spectrum insect growth regulator (IGR) and insecticide 2-((1-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)pyridine (MPEP; also known as pyriproxyfen) is increasingly being used to address public health programs for vector control, initiated by the spread of Zika virus in 2015-2016. While considered relatively safe for humans under normal conditions, limited toxicology data are available. Current studies were undertaken to address the data gap regarding potential immunotoxicity of MPEP, with particular emphasis on host resistance to viral infection. Hsd:Harlan Sprague Dawley SD<sup>®</sup> rats were treated for 28 days by oral gavage with doses of 0, 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg/day of MPEP in corn oil. There was a dose-dependent increase in liver weights which is consistent with the liver playing a dominant role in MPEP metabolism. However, no histological correlates were observed. Following treatment, rats were subjected to a battery of immune tests as well as an established rat model of influenza virus infection to provide a comprehensive assessment of immune function and host resistance. While several of the immune tests showed minor exposure-related changes, evidenced by negative dose-response trends, most did not show significant differences in any of the MPEP treatment groups relative to vehicle control. Most notable was a negative trend in pulmonary mononuclear cell phagocytosis with increases in dose of MPEP. There was also a positive trend in early humoral immune response (5 days after immunization) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as evidenced by increased serum anti-KLH IgM antibodies which was followed later (14 days following immunization) by decreasing trends in anti-KLH IgM and IgG antibody levels. However, MPEP treatment had no effect on the ability of rats to clear the influenza virus nor the T-dependent IgM and IgG antibody response to the virus. The lack of effects of MPEP on host resistance to influenza suggests the immune effects were minimal and unlikely to present a hazard with respect to susceptibility to respiratory viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forty Years After Chernobyl: Radiocaesium in Wild Edible Mushrooms from North-Eastern Poland and Its Relevance for Dietary Exposure and Food Safety. 切尔诺贝利四十年后:波兰东北部野生食用蘑菇中的放射性铯及其与饮食暴露和食品安全的相关性。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070601
Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska, Jacek Kapała, Karolina Kujawowicz, Monika Sejbuk, Anna Maria Witkowska
{"title":"Forty Years After Chernobyl: Radiocaesium in Wild Edible Mushrooms from North-Eastern Poland and Its Relevance for Dietary Exposure and Food Safety.","authors":"Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska, Jacek Kapała, Karolina Kujawowicz, Monika Sejbuk, Anna Maria Witkowska","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild-growing edible mushrooms are known to bioaccumulate radionuclides from their environment, particularly the natural isotope potassium-40 (<sup>40</sup>K) and anthropogenic cesium-137 (<sup>137</sup>Cs). However, region-specific data for commercially relevant species in north-eastern Poland remain limited, despite the cultural and economic importance of mushroom foraging and export. This study aimed to assess the radiological safety of wild mushrooms intended for human consumption, with particular attention to regulatory compliance and potential exposure levels. In this study, 230 mushroom samples representing 19 wild edible species were analyzed using gamma spectrometry, alongside composite soil samples collected from corresponding foraging sites. The activity concentration of <sup>137</sup>Cs in mushrooms ranged from 0.94 to 159.0 Bq/kg fresh mass (f.m.), and that of <sup>40</sup>K from 64.4 to 150.2 Bq/kg f.m. None of the samples exceeded the regulatory limit of 1250 Bq/kg f.m. for <sup>137</sup>Cs. The highest estimated annual effective dose was 2.32 µSv from <sup>137</sup>Cs and 0.93 µSv from <sup>40</sup>K, with no exceedance of regulatory limits observed in any sample. A strong positive correlation was observed between <sup>137</sup>Cs activity in soil and mushroom dry mass (Spearman's Rho = 0.81, <i>p</i> = 0.042), supporting predictable transfer patterns. Additionally, the implications of mushroom drying were assessed considering Council Regulation (Euratom) 2016/52, which mandates radionuclide levels in dried products be evaluated based on their reconstituted form. After such adjustment, even the most contaminated dried samples were found to comply with food safety limits. These findings confirm the radiological safety of wild mushrooms from north-eastern Poland and contribute novel data for a region with limited prior monitoring, in the context of current food safety regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Risks from Microplastics in Intravenous Infusions: Evidence from Italy, Spain, and Ecuador. 静脉输液中微塑料的健康风险:来自意大利、西班牙和厄瓜多尔的证据。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070597
Claudio Casella, Umberto Cornelli, Giuseppe Zanoni, Pablo Moncayo, Luis Ramos-Guerrero
{"title":"Health Risks from Microplastics in Intravenous Infusions: Evidence from Italy, Spain, and Ecuador.","authors":"Claudio Casella, Umberto Cornelli, Giuseppe Zanoni, Pablo Moncayo, Luis Ramos-Guerrero","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising incidence of microplastics (MPs) is a possible health risk to humans. The present study aims to analyze the presence of MPs in intravenous (IV) infusions and compare MP concentrations from multiple brands. The IV solutions of 29 medical devices (IV-MDs) from seven brands commercialized in Ecuador, Spain, and Italy have been selected under specific consideration to carry out the study. The detection of MPs has been quite obvious in almost all of the samples from brands in the mentioned countries. MP concentrations ranged from 9 to 20 MPs/L in glass containers to 166-299 MPs/L in plastic bags, with the majority of fragments (63%) on fibres (37%) and more than 60% of particles less than 100 µm. Nine different types of MPs were identified in this study. High clinical risk was indicated by markings with >200 MPs/L. Nevertheless, the medium polymeric danger index (PHI) was 1.7. According to these outcomes, IV infusion is a direct exposure to MPs that may have harmful medical repercussions. It is imperative that MPs' limitations be included in pharmacopoeic monographs and in vivo toxicological and epidemiological studies. The present study aims to analyze the presence of MPs in IV-MDs and compare MP concentrations from multiple IV-MD brands.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信