Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Ambient Ozone and Meteorological Factors on Cerebral Infarction: A Five-Year Time-Series Study.","authors":"Yanzhe Chen, Songtai Yang, Hanya Que, Jiamin Liu, Zhe Wang, Na Wang, Yunkun Qin, Meng Li, Fang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Our objective was to investigate the short-term effects of ambient ozone (O₃) meteorological factors and their interactions on hospitalizations for cerebral infarction in Zhengzhou, China. <b>Methods</b>: Daily data on air pollutants, meteorological factors, and hospitalization of cerebral infarction patients were collected from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023 in Zhengzhou, China. A generalized additive model was constructed to evaluate the association between ambient O₃ levels and hospitalization for cerebral infarction. A distributed lag non-linear model was applied to capture lagged and non-linear exposure effects. We further examined the modifying roles of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure, and conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, and season. <b>Results</b>: O₃ exposure was significantly associated with increased cerebral infarction risk, particularly during the warm season. A bimodal temperature-lag pattern was observed, as follows: moderate temperatures (10-20 °C) were associated with immediate effects, while cold (<10 °C) and hot (>30 °C) temperatures were linked to delayed risks. The association of O₃ and hospitalizations for cerebral infarction appeared stronger under high humidity, low wind speed, and low atmospheric pressure. <b>Conclusions</b>: Short-term O₃ exposure and adverse meteorological conditions are jointly associated with an elevated risk of cerebral infarction. Integrated air quality and weather-based warning systems are essential for targeted stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation Patterns and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Intermuscular Bone-Free Crucian Carp.","authors":"Shizhan Tang, Na Li, Zhipeng Sun, Ting Yan, Tingting Zhang, Huan Xu, Zhongxiang Chen, Dongli Qin, Youyi Kuang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the accumulation characteristics and associated health risks of 11 trace elements (Al, Rb, Cr, Ni, Mo, Sr, Pb, Ba, Ag, As, and Ga) in four crucian carp varieties: gene-edited intermuscular bone-free crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus,</i> WUCI) and its sibling wild-type (<i>Carassius auratus</i>, WT), Fangzheng silver crucian carp (<i>Carassius gibelio var</i> Fangzheng, FZYJ), and Songpu silver crucian carp (<i>Carassius gibelio var</i> Songpu, SPYJ). Results showed that Al and Rb were the most abundant elements across all groups. WUCI exhibited distinct accumulation patterns, including significantly higher hepatic Mo concentrations (0.265 ± 0.032 mg/kg) and muscle/liver Rb levels (muscle: 8.74 ± 1.21 mg/kg; liver: 12.56 ± 2.05 mg/kg) compared to other varieties (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which supports the hypothesis of genotype-specific differences in heavy metal accumulation. Correlation analysis revealed that WUCI exhibited similar elemental interactions with WT and SPYJ (e.g., Al-Ni positive correlation, |rs| ≥ 0.8), while SPYJ displayed distinct patterns with fifteen negative correlations compared to three to five in others varieties, suggesting a potential alteration in elemental homeostasis. Pollution index (<i>P_i</i>) assessments indicated mild contamination for Pb in SPYJ liver (<i>P_i</i> = 0.265) and Cr/As in WUCI muscle (<i>P_i</i> = 0.247/0.218). Despite these values, all hazard indices remained below the established safety thresholds (<i>THQ</i> < 0.1, <i>HI</i> < 0.25, <i>TCR</i> < 10^-6), reinforcing the overall safety of the tested fish. Notably, muscle As levels (0.86 ± 0.15 mg/kg) exceeded hepatic concentrations (0.52 ± 0.09 mg/kg), potentially due to differential detoxification mechanisms. These findings demonstrate the food safety of all tested varieties, while highlighting genotype-specific metabolic adaptations, providing critical data for evaluating gene edited aquatic products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liraglutide Attenuates Atorvastatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Restoring GLP-1R Expression and Activating Nrf2 and Autophagy Pathways in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Engy A Elsiad, Hayat A Abd El Aal, Hesham A Salem, Mohammed F El-Yamany, Mostafa A Rabie","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, are extensively used to treat hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and other atherosclerotic disorders. However, one of the common side effects of statin therapy is a mild elevation in liver aminotransferases, observed in less than 3% of patients. Atorvastatin and simvastatin, in particular, are most frequently associated with statin-induced liver injury, leading to treatment discontinuation. Recent research has highlighted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation in protecting against liver injury. Nonetheless, the potential protective effects of liraglutide (LIRA), a GLP-1R agonist, against atorvastatin (ATO)-induced liver dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the protective role of LIRA in mitigating ATO-induced liver injury in rats, offering new insights into managing statin-associated hepatotoxicity. Indeed, LIRA treatment improved liver function enzymes and attenuated histopathological alterations. LIRA treatment enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing Nrf2 content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while reducing NADPH oxidase. Additionally, LIRA suppressed inflammation by downregulating the HMGB1/TLR-4/RAGE axis and inhibiting the protein expression of pY323-MAPK p38 and pS635-NFκB p65 content resulting in decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Furthermore, LIRA upregulated GLP-1R gene expression and promoted autophagic influx via the activation of the pS473-Akt/pS486-AMPK/pS758-ULK1/Beclin-1 signaling cascade, along with inhibiting apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 content. In conclusion, LIRA attenuated ATO-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via activation of the Nrf-2/SOD cascade and inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR-4/RAGE /MAPK p38/NFκB p65 axis. In parallel, LIRA stimulated autophagy via the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin-1 axis and suppressed apoptosis, thus restoring the balance between autophagy and apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Neurotoxicity: An Intermediator Between Dioxins and Neurons in the Brain.","authors":"Eiki Kimura","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industrial development has increased environmental dioxin concentrations, sparking concern about human health impacts. Examining dioxin neurotoxicity has highlighted associations with cognitive impairment and behavioral abnormality. Dioxins are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor; it is speculated that dioxin-induced AHR activation is pivotal for toxic effects. Accurate AHR-expressing cell identification is therefore indispensable for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of dioxin toxicity. Herein, current knowledge regarding AHR expression in the mammalian brain is summarized, and dioxin neurotoxicity mechanisms are discussed. Histological studies show AHR-expressing neurons in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons exhibit AHR expression, suggesting possible roles in the monoaminergic system. AHR overactivation evokes dendritic arborization atrophy, whereas its deficiency increases complexity, implying that AHR-mediated signaling is crucial for neuronal growth and maturation. AHR is also involved in neurogenesis and neuronal precursor migration. Collectively, these findings support the notion that dioxin-induced AHR overactivation in individual neurons disrupts neural circuit structure, ultimately leading to impaired brain function. However, as AHR downstream signaling is intertwined with various molecules and pathways, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Further studies on the expression, signaling, and roles of AHR are needed to clarify dioxin neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the Enhancement Effects of Combined Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Utilizing Immobilized Microbial Consortium and Sudan Grass.","authors":"Tie-Jun Wang, Zi-Yue Ding, Zi-Wei Hua, Zi-Wang Yuan, Qiu-Hong Niu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Petroleum-contaminated soil is an increasingly severe environmental issue. The integration of phytoremediation and microbial remediation can effectively mitigate their individual limitations and enhance remediation efficiency. In this study, four newly isolated bacterial strains (including <i>Cytobacillus</i> and <i>Rhodococcus</i>) that exhibited preferential degradation of distinct petroleum components were combined with the rhamnolipid-producing strain <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> SL-1. The immobilization of this petroleum-degrading microbial consortium was performed by biochar adsorption and sodium alginate embedding, subsequently optimized using response surface methodology (0.75 g·L^-1 of biochar, 40 g·L^-1 of sodium alginate, and 40 g·L^-1 of calcium chloride). The results showed that the highest petroleum degradation rate (97.1%) of immobilized bacterial consortium was achieved at 72 h at a petroleum concentration of 5.0 g·L^-1. When combined with Sudan grass for soil bioremediation, the degradation rate reached 72.8% after 120 d for soil containing 5.0 g·kg^-1 of petroleum, higher than the results for the treatments with only immobilized bacterial consortium (53.0%) or Sudan grass (49.2%). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed for soil pH; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents; and urease, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities. Composite treatment also significantly increased the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community and regulated its structure, function, and network composition. This study offers theoretical insights and potential practical applications for the enhanced bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Dermatotoxicity of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Zebrafish Epidermis.","authors":"Grace Emily Okuthe, Busiswa Siguba","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), lauded for their unique antibacterial and physicochemical attributes, are proliferating across industrial sectors, raising concerns about their environmental fate, in aquatic systems. While \"green\" synthesis offers a sustainable production route with reduced chemical byproducts, the safety of these AgNPs for aquatic fauna remains uncertain due to nanoparticle-specific effects. Conversely, mast cells play crucial roles in fish immunity, orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses by releasing diverse mediators and recognizing danger signals. Goblet cells are vital for mucosal immunity and engaging in immune surveillance, regulation, and microbiota interactions. The interplay between these two cell types is critical for maintaining mucosal homeostasis, is central to defending against fish diseases and is highly responsive to environmental cues. This study investigates the acute dermatotoxicity of environmentally relevant AgNP concentrations (0, 0.031, 0.250, and 5.000 μg/L) on zebrafish epidermis. A 96 h assay revealed a biphasic response: initial mucin hypersecretion at lower AgNP levels, suggesting an early stress response, followed by a concentration-dependent collapse of mucosal integrity at higher exposures, with mucus degradation and alarm cell depletion. A rapid and generalized increase in epidermal mucus production was observed across all AgNP exposure groups within two hours of exposure. Further mechanistic insights into AgNP-induced toxicity were revealed by concentration-dependent alterations in goblet cell dynamics. Lower AgNP concentrations initially led to an increase in both goblet cell number and size. However, at the highest concentration, this trend reversed, with a significant decrease in goblet cell numbers and size evident between 48 and 96 h post-exposure. The simultaneous presence of neutral and acidic mucins indicates a dynamic epidermal response suggesting a primary physical barrier function, with acidic mucins specifically upregulated early on to enhance mucus viscosity, trap AgNPs, and inhibit pathogen invasion, a clear defense mechanism. The subsequent reduction in mucin-producing cells at higher concentrations signifies a critical breakdown of this protective strategy, leaving the epidermis highly vulnerable to damage and secondary infections. These findings highlight the vulnerability of fish epidermal defenses to AgNP contamination, which can potentially compromise osmoregulation and increase susceptibility to threats. Further mechanistic research is crucial to understand AgNP-induced epithelial damage to guide sustainable nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Carfora et al. Helium Suicide, a Rapid and Painless Asphyxia: Toxicological Findings. <i>Toxics</i> 2022, <i>10</i>, 424.","authors":"Anna Carfora, Raffaella Petrella, Giusy Ambrosio, Pasquale Mascolo, Bruno Liguori, Christian Juhnke, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Thomas Keller","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Text Correction</b> [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium as the Critical Limiting Factor in the Co-Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement Kilns: Implications for Three-Stage Water Washing Efficiency and Safe Dosage Control.","authors":"Zhonggen Li, Qingfeng Wang, Li Tang, Liangliang Yang, Guangyi Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) in cement kilns is an effective method for managing incineration by-products in China. However, the presence of heavy metals in MSWI-FA raises environmental concerns. This study analyzed the Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni concentrations in MSWI-FA from 11 representative facilities across China and assessed the efficacy of a three-stage water washing process for Cl and heavy metal removal. The results revealed significant regional variations in heavy metal content that were strongly correlated with surface soil levels, with Zn, Pb, and Cu exhibiting the highest concentrations. Elemental correlations, such as Cu-Pb and Zn-Cd synergies and Cd-Ni antagonism, suggest common waste sources and temperature-dependent volatilization during incineration. The washing process (solid-liquid ratio = 1:10) achieved 97.1 ± 2.0% Cl removal, reducing residual Cl to 0.45 ± 0.32%, but demonstrated limited heavy metal elimination (10.28-19.38% efficiency), resulting in elevated concentrations (32.5-60.8% increase) due to 43.4 ± 9.2% mass loss. Notably, the washing effluents exceeded municipal wastewater discharge limits by up to 52-fold for Pb and 38-fold for Cd, underscoring the need for advanced effluent treatment. To mitigate environmental risks, the addition of washed MSWI-FA in cement kilns should be restricted to ≤0.5%, with Cd content prioritized in pre-disposal assessments. This study provides actionable insights for optimizing MSWI-FA co-processing while ensuring compliance with ecological safety standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MWB_Analyzer: An Automated Embedded System for Real-Time Quantitative Analysis of Morphine Withdrawal Behaviors in Rodents.","authors":"Moran Zhang, Qianqian Li, Shunhang Li, Binxian Sun, Zhuli Wu, Jinxuan Liu, Xingchao Geng, Fangyi Chen","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Substance use disorders, particularly opioid addiction, continue to pose a major global health and toxicological challenge. Morphine dependence represents a significant problem in both clinical practice and preclinical research, particularly in modeling the pharmacodynamics of withdrawal. Rodent models remain indispensable for investigating the neurotoxicological effects of chronic opioid exposure and withdrawal. However, conventional behavioral assessments rely on manual observation, limiting objectivity, reproducibility, and scalability-critical constraints in modern drug toxicity evaluation. This study introduces MWB_Analyzer, an automated and high-throughput system designed to quantitatively and objectively assess morphine withdrawal behaviors in rats. The goal is to enhance toxicological assessments of CNS-active substances through robust, scalable behavioral phenotyping. <b>Methods:</b> MWB_Analyzer integrates optimized multi-angle video capture, real-time signal processing, and machine learning-driven behavioral classification. An improved YOLO-based architecture was developed for the accurate detection and categorization of withdrawal-associated behaviors in video frames, while a parallel pipeline processed audio signals. The system incorporates behavior-specific duration thresholds to isolate pharmacologically and toxicologically relevant behavioral events. Experimental animals were assigned to high-dose, low-dose, and control groups. Withdrawal was induced and monitored under standardized toxicological protocols. <b>Results:</b> MWB_Analyzer achieved over 95% reduction in redundant frame processing, markedly improving computational efficiency. It demonstrated high classification accuracy: >94% for video-based behaviors (93% on edge devices) and >92% for audio-based events. The use of behavioral thresholds enabled sensitive differentiation between dosage groups, revealing clear dose-response relationships and supporting its application in neuropharmacological and neurotoxicological profiling. <b>Conclusions:</b> MWB_Analyzer offers a robust, reproducible, and objective platform for the automated evaluation of opioid withdrawal syndromes in rodent models. It enhances throughput, precision, and standardization in addiction research. Importantly, this tool supports toxicological investigations of CNS drug effects, preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations, drug safety profiling, and regulatory assessment of novel opioid and CNS-active therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cement Industry Pollution and Its Impact on the Environment and Population Health: A Review.","authors":"Alina Bărbulescu, Kamal Hosen","doi":"10.3390/toxics13070587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cement industry, a foundation of global infrastructure development, significantly contributes to environmental pollution. Key sources of pollution include dust emissions; greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide; and the release of toxic substances such as heavy metals and particulate matter. These pollutants contribute to air, water, and soil degradation and are linked to severe health conditions in nearby populations, including respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and increased mortality rates. Noise pollution is also a significant issue, inducing auditory diseases that affect most workers in cement plants, and disturbing the population living in the neighborhoods and fauna behavior. This review explores the pollution paths and the multifaceted impacts of cement production on the environment. It also highlights the social challenges faced by communities, underscoring the urgent need for stricter environmental policies and the adoption of greener technologies to mitigate the adverse effects of cement production on both the environment and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}