Toxics最新文献

{"title":"The Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Volatile Organic Compounds in an Industrial Area of Nanjing.","authors":"Tao Tan, Xinyuan Xu, Haixin Gu, Li Cao, Ting Liu, Yunjiang Zhang, Junfeng Wang, Mindong Chen, Haiwei Li, Xinlei Ge","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the chemical complexity and toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from national petrochemical industrial parks and their effects on air quality in an industrial area of Nanjing, China. Field measurements were conducted from 1 December 2022, to 17 April 2023, focusing on VOC concentrations and speciations, diurnal variations, ozone formation potential (OFP), source identification, and associated health risks. The results revealed an average total VOC (TVOC) concentration of 15.9 ± 12.9 ppb and an average OFP of 90.1 ± 109.5 μg m^-3. Alkanes constituted the largest fraction of VOCs, accounting for 44.1%, while alkenes emerged as the primary contributors to OFP, comprising 52.8%. TVOC concentrations peaked before dawn, a pattern attributed to early morning industrial activities and nighttime heavy vehicle operations. During periods classified as clean, when ozone levels were below 160 μg m^-3, both TVOC (15.9 ± 12.9 ppb) and OFP (90.4 ± 110.0 μg m^-3) concentrations were higher than those during polluted hours. The analysis identified the key sources of VOC emissions, including automobile exhaust, oil and gas evaporation, and industrial discharges, with additional potential pollution sources identified in adjacent regions. Health risk assessments indicated that acrolein exceeded the non-carcinogenic risk threshold at specific times. Moreover, trichloromethane, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and benzene were found to surpass the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk level (1 × 10^-6) during certain periods. These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced monitoring and regulatory measures aimed at mitigating VOC emissions and protecting public health in industrial areas. In the context of complex air pollution in urban industrial areas, policymakers should focus on controlling industrial and vehicle emissions, which can not only reduce secondary pollution, but also inhibit the harm of toxic substances on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Tert-Butyl-Phenolic Antioxidants in Consumer Products and Their Potential Toxicities in Humans.","authors":"Ngoc M H Hoang, Kwangsik Park","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tert-butyl phenolic antioxidants (TBP-AOs) are employed to inhibit oxidation and function as stabilizers and protectants in a broad spectrum of consumer products, such as food packaging, adhesives, lubricants, plastics, and cosmetics. The extensive utilization of TBP-AOs results in human exposure through various pathways. Furthermore, some TBP-AOs have been identified as potential endocrine disruptors and may cause liver and lung damage, as well as allergic reactions. Considering their varied applications and potential toxicity, a detailed evaluation of their safety profiles is imperative. However, existing research is often segmented and tends to focus narrowly on specific compounds. Consequently, this review collates recent data on TBP-AOs regarding their production, exposure, and toxicity, incorporating different databases and prior studies, as well as predictions of toxicity using ADMET. Our review strives to offer a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and health effects of TBP-AOs to guide future research and inform policy decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Soil Amendments for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: Mechanisms, Impact, and Future Prospects.","authors":"Xinyi Nie, Xianhuai Huang, Man Li, Zhaochi Lu, Xinhe Ling","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal contamination is a critical factor contributing to soil degradation and poses significant environmental threats with profound implications for ecosystems and human health. Soil amendments have become an effective strategy to address these challenges by reducing heavy metal hazards and remediating contaminated soils. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in soil amendments for heavy metal-contaminated soils, with a focus on natural, synthetic, natural-synthetic copolymer, and biological amendments. By thoroughly examining and contrasting their remediation mechanisms and effects, this study provides a detailed evaluation of their influence on soil physicochemical properties, leachable heavy metal content, and microbial communities. Through bibliometric analysis, current research priorities and trends are highlighted, offering a multidimensional comparison of these amendments and clarifying their varying applicability and limitations. Furthermore, this review explores future prospects and the inherent challenges in soil amendments for heavy metal contamination, aiming to offer valuable insights and theoretical references for the development and selection of novel, efficient, multifunctional, environmentally friendly amendments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable SpectroChip-Based Immunoassay Platform for Rapid and Accurate Melamine Quantification in Urine Samples.","authors":"Cheng-Hao Ko, Wei-Yi Kong, Abel Chernet Kabiso, Wei-Huai Chiu, Ashenafi Belihu Tadesse, Chitsung Hong, Chia-Fang Wu, Hung-Hsun Lin","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing concerns about the health risks of melamine adulteration in food products highlight the urgent need for reliable detection methods. However, the long-term effects of chronic low-level melamine exposure remain inadequately explored. This study introduces THE ONE InstantCare platform, a portable immunoassay analyzer integrating a SpectroChip-based spectral processing unit (SPU) with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for sensitive and accurate quantification of melamine in human urine. This platform provides a cost-effective, rapid, and user-friendly point-of-care (POC) solution for melamine detection. Analytical evaluations across eight melamine concentrations (0-100 parts per billion, ppb) achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.91 ppb. Validation with 24 human urine samples demonstrated strong concordance with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), yielding an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.9220, a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9389, and 95% agreement in Bland-Altman analysis. High reproducibility was observed, with an intraday coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.53% and acceptable interday CV values, while interference studies confirmed reliability in the presence of common biological substances. By delivering results in approximately 10 min, THE ONE InstantCare platform significantly reduces analysis time compared to LC-MS, which typically requires several hours. This novel platform enhances food safety surveillance and advances human health risk assessments, particularly for evaluating melamine-linked kidney damage. Its versatility and robust performance make it a promising tool for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics, enabling the detection of diverse biomarkers with high sensitivity and reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway Involvement in Bisphenol A-Induced Liver Damage in Rats.","authors":"Juan Tang, Kai Wang, Dan Shen, Chunmei Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA), extensively utilized in the manufacture of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, is prevalent in the environment. Its exposure has been associated with an increased risk of hepatic lesions; however, the underlying mechanisms and the spectrum of its effects remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in regulating BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo using a rat model. Over a 30-day period, rats were orally administered either corn oil or BPA (0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg). Changes in hepatic and kidney histology were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and HE staining. Oxidative stress levels in the liver tissue and serum were quantified, while the mRNA expression of <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>Keap1</i>, <i>GPX2</i>, <i>HO-1</i>, and <i>caspase-3</i> was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Additionally, the expression of Nrf2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the liver tissue was measured through immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results indicated that BPA exposure significantly reduced the liver and adrenal coefficients in the treated rats compared to controls. Notable histomorphological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney tissues of the BPA-treated rats. The serum levels of GOT and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the BPA group relative to the controls. Evidence of oxidative stress was supported by increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased total superoxide dismutase activity in the liver and kidney, alongside a reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver tissue. Furthermore, BPA exposure enhanced the mRNA expression levels of <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>Keap1</i>, <i>GPX2</i>, <i>HO-1</i>, and <i>caspase-3</i> in the liver tissue. Concurrently, Nrf2 and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were elevated in the BPA-treated group compared to the controls. These findings suggest that BPA may contribute to metabolic disorders of liver function and poses a hepatotoxicity risk. Moreover, the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may offer protective effects against hepatotoxicity, with potential implications for human liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Contamination of Honey-Bee-Collected Pollen in the Context of the Landscape Composition in Latvia.","authors":"Niks Ozols, Valters Brusbārdis, Maksims Filipovičs, Jānis Gailis, Vitalijs Radenkovs, Betija Rubene, Viktorija Zagorska","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) is the most widely managed pollinator and is vital for crop fertilization. Recently, bee colonies have been suffering high mortality rates, exacerbated by factors such as land-use changes and the use of pesticides. Our work aimed to explore the residues of pesticides in honey-bee-collected pollen and how this contamination was affected by seasonality and the landscape composition. We selected six apiaries from different landscapes in Latvia, and pollen samples were collected during the flowering season (2023). We analyzed 39 samples and found 21 pesticide residues (mainly fungicides) with a frequency of 93 occurrences where the values were above the limit of quantification. The most frequently encountered substances were acetamiprid, boscalid, fluopyram, and prothioconazole. However, the highest concentrations were for dimoxystrobin (44 µg kg^-1), acetamiprid (37 µg kg^-1), azoxystrobin (27 µg kg^-1), prothioconazole (25 µg kg^-1), and boscalid (15 µg kg^-1). We then calculated the Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ) for each pollen sample. No sample had a PHQ value above the critical value of 50. The highest contamination level was observed in the first half of the vegetation season (the end of May and the beginning of June), but later, it significantly decreased. We did not find any significant influence of landscape composition on pesticide pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the Relationship Between Urinary Metal Exposure and Osteoporosis Risk Across a Broad Population: A Comprehensive Supervised and Unsupervised Analysis.","authors":"Jianing Liu, Kai Wang","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Limited evidence links urinary metal exposure to osteoporosis in broad populations, prompting this study to cover this knowledge gap using supervised and unsupervised approaches. <b>Methods</b>: This study included 15,923 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 1999 to 2020. Urinary concentrations of nine metals-barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), and tungsten (Tu)-were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Osteoporosis was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analysis evaluated each metal's contribution to osteoporosis risk. Partitioning around medoids (PAM) clustering identified the high- and low-exposure groups, and their association with the risk and prognosis of osteoporosis was evaluated. <b>Results</b>: WQS regression identified Cd as a significant osteoporosis risk factor in the general population (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.31, weight = 0.66). Pb notably affected those individuals aged 30-49 years and classified as Mexican American, while Sb impacted Black individuals. PAM clustering showed that the high-exposure group had a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.12) and cumulative mortality risk. <b>Conclusions</b>: Urinary metals are associated with the risk and prognosis of osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of E-Waste Dismantling in China.","authors":"Bitong Li, Dongling Liu, Lina Zhang, Yue Wu, Xianlin Ding, Xiang Zeng","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic and electrical products have deeply permeated all aspects of life, bringing a lot of convenience to individuals. However, the generation of e-waste after their end-of-life has resulted in serious risks both to the ecological environment and human health due to a lack of scientific and effective recycling and treatments. As two major types of components in e-waste, heavy metals and plastics can not only directly enter the human body via inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption, but also accumulate in the human body indirectly through the food chain. E-waste is full of resources such as valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper that are often discarded incorrectly. Environmental and health risks derived from unregulated e-waste dismantling activities may be finally addressed through the application of advanced e-waste recycling technology, policy support of governments, legislation on recycling laws and regulations, and the improvement of public environmental protection awareness. This review gives a brief overview of the history, current situation, and future development of e-waste in China, which may provide novel thinking and approaches to e-waste management in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual and Seasonal Variability of Trichloromethane in Drinking Water of Kunshan City 2016-2022 and Associated Health Risks.","authors":"Xiaojun Liang, Guohua Qian, Yihan Wang, Mengyao Chen, Yang Liu, Ping Zhao, Junling Li, Yuan Wang, Yuyan Liu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the annual pollution characteristics of trichloromethane (TCM) in Kunshan City's tap water from 2016 to 2022. This research analyzed 566 tap water samples from centralized water supply units, utilizing the GB 5749-2006 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water as the evaluation benchmark. Data analysis employed non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation analysis using Excel 2017 and SPSS 26.0. The results indicated a 100% compliance rate with the TCM limit (0.06 mg/L), with median annual concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6.4 μg/L. Significant inter-annual variations were observed (H = 222.5, <i>p</i> < 0.01), with the lowest levels in 2019 and the highest in 2020. Quarterly analysis revealed significant seasonal differences (H = 94.0, <i>p</i> < 0.01), peaking in the third quarter (8.0 μg/L) and bottoming in the first quarter (3.5 μg/L). TCM concentrations showed significant correlations with annual and quarterly trends, turbidity, and chlorides (|rs| > 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.01) but not with pH (rs = -0.0025, <i>p</i> = 0.55). While Kunshan City's drinking water demonstrates satisfactory TCM levels, an increasing annual trend and higher concentrations in the latter half of the year warrant continued monitoring and investigation. In this study, we assessed the health risks for households in Kunshan, China, due to trichloromethane (TCM) in drinking water. The overall carcinogenic risk from multiple exposure pathways was slightly above the ideal level, while the non-carcinogenic risk was within an acceptable range.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury in Fur of Bats in Middle Taiga of the European Part of Russia at Low Anthropogenic Exposure.","authors":"Elena Ivanova, Liubov Eltsova, Oleg Shapkin, Yuri Udodenko, Olga Rumiantseva, Yana Pevcova, Alex Viskontene, Viktor Komov","doi":"10.3390/toxics12120863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury is considered to be one of the chemical elements posing the greatest threats to the health of most animals and can be transferred from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial food webs. Many bat species forage above water, and their food sources include aquatic and amphibious organisms. Bats are very sensitive to the slightest changes in the environment. The objective was to determine the accumulation of mercury in the fur of insectivorous bats in summer habitats in an area with limited anthropogenic activity in the conditions of the middle taiga in the northwest European part of the Russian Federation. In the studied species, the average values of the metal's content (μg/g) increased in the following order: <i>Myotis daubentonii</i> (3.294 ± 0.934), <i>Myotis dasycneme</i> (3.909 ± 0.543), <i>Vespertilio murinus</i> (8.011 ± 1.136), <i>Pipistrellus nathusii</i> (8.366 ± 0.546), and <i>Nyctalus noctula</i> (8.408 ± 1.386). The key factor regarding the mercury accumulation in each bat species is the foraging strategy. The mercury content in the fur of adult bats was higher than in subadults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}