Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Fine Particle Waves and Sexual Function: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey in China.","authors":"Weiqian Zhang, Rui Qu, Guan Cheng, Jingxuan Wang, Tailang Yin, Jue Liu, Dongdong Tang, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010039","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of the long-term persistently elevated air pollutants, often referred to as air pollution waves, on sexual function has not been sufficiently addressed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide cross-sectional study involved 12,157 participants, with 5496 females and 5039 males. PM waves were characterized by daily average PM concentrations surpassing Grade II thresholds of China's ambient air quality standards (PM_2.5 > 75 μg/m³, PM₁₀ > 150 μg/m³) for three or more consecutive days (3-8 days). Male sexual function was assessed through the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), while female sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A multivariate linear regression model was employed to investigate the link between PM wave exposure and sexual function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to PM₁₀ waves, defined as 3 (β = -0.0145, 95%CI = -0.0280, -0.0010), 4 (β = -0.0145, 95%CI = -0.0280, -0.0010), 5 (β = -0.0193, 95%CI = -0.0371, -0.0015), 6 (β = -0.0218, 95%CI = -0.0415, -0.0021), 7 (β = -0.0243, 95%CI = -0.0458, -0.0028), and 8 (β = -0.0243, 95%CI = -0.0458, -0.0028) consecutive days, negatively impacted IIEF-5 scores and male sexual function. Moreover, depression levels, as evaluated by the PHQ-9, played a mediating role in the connection between PM₁₀ waves and IIEF-5 scores. The potentially vulnerable subgroups were the younger 20-30 and the low-income groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest for the first time that PM₁₀ waves are associated with decreased IIEF-5 scores, which are mediated by depression score PHQ-9, informing policy formulation for public health interventions and individual safeguarding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-26a-5p/ADAM17-Mediated Proteolysis of TREM2 Regulates Neuroinflammation in Hypertensive Mice Following Lead Exposure.","authors":"Yuran Wang, Zeming Wang, Han Hao, Yuwei Zhao, Jian Wang, Weixuan Wang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010037","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is not merely a vascular disorder but a significant risk factor for neural impairment. Moreover, healthcare for the hypertensive population with environmental or occupational pollutants has become an issue of increasing concern in public health. As a traditional neurotoxic heavy metal, Pb exposure results in neuroinflammation as well as neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in hypertensive mice exposed to Pb. We demonstrated that hypertension exacerbated Pb-induced neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and hypothalamus, as evidenced by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (CD206 and IL-10). Additionally, hypertension enhanced the neuroinflammatory response in microglia, as indicated by similar changes in cytokine expression in an in vitro cell model. Importantly, we found that TREM2, a key regulator of microglial inflammation, was downregulated in hypertensive mice with Pb exposure. This decline in TREM2 expression was associated with increased proteolysis of TREM2 by a disintegrin and metalloproteases 10 (ADAM10) as well as a disintegrin and metalloproteases 17 (ADAM17), in which ADAM17 was verified as the main cleavage enzyme in terms of TREM2 proteolytic cleavage in hypertensive mice following Pb exposure. Furthermore, we identified miR-26a-5p as a potential regulator of ADAM17 expression, suggesting a potential mechanism for the downregulation of TREM2 in this context. Our findings provided new insights into the complex interplay between hypertension, Pb exposure, and neuroinflammation as well as highlight the potential role of TREM2, ADAM17, and miR-26a-5p as therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation in hypertensive populations with Pb exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of ClO₂ by Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Efficient Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation: New Insight into the Relative Contribution of Fe(IV) and Hydroxyl Radicals.","authors":"Xiaojun Hu, Xiaorong Xing, Fan Zhang, Bingzhi Li, Senlin Chen, Bo Wang, Jiaolong Qin, Jie Miao","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the activation of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) by metal(oxide) for soil remediation has gained notable attention. However, the related activation mechanisms are still not clear. Herein, the variation of iron species and ClO₂, the generated reactive oxygen species, and the toxicity of the degradation intermediates were explored and evaluated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe⁰) being employed to activate ClO₂ for soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal. With an optimized ClO₂/nFe⁰ molar ratio of 15:1 and a soil/water ratio of 3:1, the degradation efficiency of phenanthrene improved 12% in comparison with that of a ClO₂-alone system. The presence of nFe⁰ significantly promoted ClO₂ consumption (improved 85.4%) but restrained ClO₂^- generation (reduced 22.5%). The surface Fe(II) and soluble Fe(II) in the ClO₂/nFe⁰ system was 2.0-fold and 2.8-fold that in the nFe⁰ system after 2 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, along with quenching experiments, revealed that Fe(IV), HOCl, and •OH dominated phenanthrene degradation in a ClO₂/nFe⁰ system, with oxidation contributions, respectively, of 34.3%, 52.8% and 12.9%. The degradation intermediates of PAHs in the ClO₂/nFe⁰ system had lower estimated toxicity than those of the ClO₂ system. The lettuces grown in ClO₂/nFe⁰-treated soil displayed better results in bioassay indexes than those grown in ClO₂-treated soil. This study offers new perspectives for the remediation of organic-pollutant-contaminated soil by using metal-activated ClO₂ technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions among Zinc, Iron, and Paraquat in the Physiological and Toxicological Responses of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>.","authors":"Haq Abdul Shaik, David Siaussat, Archana Mishra","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural pollutants co-interact and affect the vital functions, stress tolerance, resistance, immunity, and survival of insect pests. These metal-herbicide interactions have inevitable but remarkable effects on insects, which remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of the interactions among zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and paraquat (PQ) at a sublethal dose on the physiological response of the Egyptian cotton leafworm <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>. Co-exposure to Zn and Fe improved leafworm survival (100% at 10-20 mg, 85% at 40 mg) compared to separate exposures. Low Zn/Fe/PQ toxicity likely stemmed from metal complexes having efficient chelating activity, enhancing resilience. Low exposure to Zn, Fe, and Zn/Fe increased food intake and larval weight and affected frass production. Interestingly, the combined application of Zn/Fe/PQ increased larval and pupal weight in surviving individuals. Zn/Fe was found to be crucial in the ecdysis of larvae into pupae, resulting in reduced larval mortality and a prolonged pupal ecdysis duration (% days). Providing important information regarding physiological responses and pest management, this study demonstrated the realistic conditions caused by the interactions of biological trace elements, such as Zn and Fe, with PQ. A disc diffusion susceptibility test in hemolymph bacteria revealed differences among Zn, Zn/Fe, and Zn/Fe/PQ, suggesting that their interaction might play an immunomodulatory role in <i>S. littoralis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proof-of-Concept for Safety Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Known Respiratory Irritants Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods.","authors":"Nikaeta Sadekar, Holger Peter Behrsing, Tanja Hansen, Vivek Patel, Hazel Paulo, Alex Rae, Detlef Ritter, Katharina Schwarz, Anne Marie Api","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increased interest in developing non-animal test systems for inhalation exposure safety assessments. However, defined methodologies are absent for predicting local respiratory effects from inhalation exposure to irritants. The current study introduces a concept for applying in vitro and in silico methods for inhalation exposure safety assessment. Three in vitro systems, representing the upper (MucilAir™-nasal epithelial tissue) and lower (A549 cells and human precision-cut lung slices) human respiratory regions, were exposed to six respiratory irritants. These irritant exposures were conducted as liquid droplets, aerosol, or vapors, and samples were collected over 24 h. Cytotoxicity, cytokine release, epithelial resistance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. To determine the human relevance of in vitro exposures, airway surface depositions were predicted by simulating airborne concentrations equivalent to the Cramer class III inhalation threshold of toxicological concern limit of 0.47 mg/person/day using an in silico model. A > 100-fold margin of exposure was calculated comparing lowest concentrations showing in vitro effects to in silico simulated values. While further studies are needed, this manuscript presents a basic requirement for employing non-animal methods to inform inhalation exposure safety assessments by combining in vitro and in silico assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Geographical Proximity to Agricultural Fields in Association with Neural Tube Defects.","authors":"Karoline Felisbino, Shayane da Silva Milhorini, Nathalia Kirsten, Mariane Yoshie Sato, Davi Paula da Silva, Juliana Danna Kulik, Izonete Cristina Guiloski","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital anomaly and have been widely associated with exposure to pesticides. This systematic review which analyzes the association between parental exposure to pesticides and NTDs was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy was designed considering the population, exposure, controls, outcomes, and study design (PECOS). The inclusion criteria were epidemiological studies involving pesticides exposure during embryonic development, written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, and performed in 12 databases. Based on the eligibility criteria, 16 articles were selected for analysis. The most frequently assessed NTDs were anencephaly and spina bifida, with 14 studies investigating each of these conditions. The assessment of pesticide exposure was based on parental occupation and residential proximity to agricultural fields. Studies differed regarding the pesticides assessed, exposure windows, and parents exposed. Regarding the outcomes, it was observed that geographic proximity to agricultural fields and a greater association with family members exposed to pesticides were found in mothers and neonates with NTDs. In relation to occupational exposure, some articles found an association with NTDs, while others did not. Therefore, an analysis of the available evidence suggests that pesticides are a risk factor in the development of NTDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Dust Storm Pollution and Source Identification in Northwestern China.","authors":"Hongfei Meng, Feiteng Wang, Guangzu Bai, Huilin Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2023, a major dust storm event in Lanzhou attracted widespread attention. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes, progression, and dust sources of this event using multiple data sources and methods. Backward trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model was employed to trace the origins of the dust, while FY-2H satellite data provided high-resolution dust distribution patterns. Additionally, the MAIAC AOD product was used to analyze Aerosol Optical Depth, and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis was used to identify key dust source regions. The study found that PM₁₀ played a dominant role in the storm, and the AOD values during the storm in Lanzhou were significantly higher than the annual average, highlighting the severe impact on regional air quality. Key meteorological conditions influencing the storm's occurrence were analyzed, including the formation and eastward movement of a high-potential ridge, convection driven by diurnal temperature variations, and surface temperature increases coupled with decreased relative humidity, which together promoted the generation and development of dust. Backward trajectory and dust distribution analyses revealed that the dust primarily originated from Central Asia, western Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Gansu. From the 19th to the 21st, the dust distribution showed similarities between day and night, with a noticeable increase in dust concentration from night to day due to strong vertical atmospheric mixing. To mitigate the impacts of future dust storms, this study highlights both short-term and long-term strategies, including enhanced monitoring systems, public health advisories, and vegetation restoration in key source regions. Strengthening regional and international cooperation for transboundary dust management is also emphasized as critical for sustainable mitigation efforts. These findings are significant for understanding and predicting the causes, characteristics, and environmental impacts of dust storms in Lanzhou and the Northwestern region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Methods for Radon Progeny Measurement Based on the Three-Stage Method.","authors":"Xiangming Cai, Xuwei Zeng, Fengdi Qin, Jian Shan","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In different measurement tasks, the duration allocated for radon progeny concentration measurement varies, and the requirements for measurement precision also differ. To accommodate the needs of various radon progeny concentration measurement tasks, this study takes the error in radon progeny concentration measurement as the optimization goal and the time points of the three-stage method as the optimization target, establishing an optimized three-stage method for radon progeny concentration measurement. The optimization algorithm allocates the three time periods under any total measurement time requirement, ensuring the highest measurement precision. The optimization algorithm can also optimize the measurement errors for ²¹⁸Po, ²¹⁴Pb, and ²¹⁴Bi according to task requirements. By comparing with existing three-stage methods, when the total measurement time is 30 min, the optimization results are similar to Thomas's three-stage method; when the total measurement time is 15 min, the measurement results are consistent with the rapid three-stage method. Therefore, the optimized results of the three-stage method are reasonable and reliable, providing technical support for different radon progeny measurement tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Hepatic Injury and Amelioration by Plant-Based Principles.","authors":"Lalit Kumar Singh, Rashmi Pandey, Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi, Bechan Sharma","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phthalates are the emerging environmental toxicants derived from phthalic acid and its constituents, which are moderately present in plastics and many personal care products. Phthalate exposure occurs through various environmental factors, including air, water, and soil, with absorption facilitated via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Upon exposure, phthalates become bioavailable within the biological systems and undergo biotransformation and detoxification processes in the liver. The physicochemical properties of phthalates indicate their lipophilicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation potential, influencing their absorption, distribution, and hepatic biotransformation. The prolonged exposure to phthalates adversely influences the biological redox system by altering the levels of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, molecular signaling pathways, and causing hepatic pathogenesis. The strategies to combat phthalate-induced toxicity include avoiding exposure to these compounds and using plant-based bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, which possess therapeutic potential as antioxidants, suppress inflammatory cascades, prevent oxidative damage, and stabilize cellular integrity. This review presents a comprehensive and updated account of the chemical, biochemical, immunological, and toxicological properties of phthalates, along with novel plant-based therapeutic strategies to mitigate the phthalate-induced adverse effects on living systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community.","authors":"Luwen Zhang, Lixin Xu, Zunhao Zhang, Jiaolin Li, Limeng Ren, Zhichen Liu, Yan Zhang, Yuxiang Chen","doi":"10.3390/toxics13010030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13010030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrazine causes serious contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater. This study investigated the influence mechanism of sterilized soil (CKs), unsterilized soil (CKn), sterilized soil amended with 45 (SsV1), 60 (SsV2), 75 (SsV3) days of vermicompost (the maturity days of vermicompost), and unsterilized soil amended with 45 (SnV1), 60 (SnV2), 75 (SnV3) days of vermicompost on atrazine catabolism. The atrazine degradation experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that the atrazine degradation rates for CKs, CKn, SsV1, SsV2, SsV3, SnV1, SnV2, and SnV3 were 24%, 56.9%, 62.8%, 66.1%, 65.9%, 87.5%, 92.9%, and 92.3%, respectively. Indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading atrazine were present in unsterilized soil, and the addition of vermicompost enhanced atrazine degradation. The humic acid content of SnV2 was the highest, at 4.11 g/kg, which was 71.97% higher than that of CKn. The addition of the vermicompost enhanced the production of hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine. Vermicompost increased the abundance of atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mycobacterium</i>, <i>Devosia</i>, etc.), and introduced new atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Demequina</i>). The above results showed that the best degradation of atrazine was achieved with 60 days of vermicompost addition. This study provides a new, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly strategy for the remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}