Neonicotinoid-Induced Cytotoxicity: Insights into Cellular Mechanisms and Health Risks.

Abstract

Neonicotinoids are extensively used in agricultural production, yet increasing evidence highlights their cytotoxic effects on various cell types. Research has demonstrated that these pesticides can significantly impair the viability and function of reproductive, adipose, neural, immune, and epithelial cells. The underlying mechanisms involve metabolic disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. These cellular effects raise serious concerns about the potential risks neonicotinoids pose to both human health and the environment. Further investigation is essential to fully understand their toxicological impact and to inform safer pesticide regulation and use.