IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080669

Xiaoxia Liu, Xiuli Zhao, Lu Ye, Chengfeng Hu, Zhihao Xie, Jianan Ma, Xia Wang, Wei Liang

{"title":"The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study.","authors":"Xiaoxia Liu, Xiuli Zhao, Lu Ye, Chengfeng Hu, Zhihao Xie, Jianan Ma, Xia Wang, Wei Liang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient air pollutants (APs) are associated with increased chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in general populations, but their renal impact on HIV/AIDS patients remains understudied. This dynamic cohort included 7981 HIV/AIDS patients without baseline kidney disease from Wuhan and Zhenjiang, followed every 6 months with fasting blood tests to assess the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Monthly average exposures to six APs were estimated from geocoded residential addresses. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between cumulative AP exposure and CKD incidence, with mediation analysis conducted to explore the potential role of the TyG index. Weighted quantile sum regression was applied to evaluate the joint effects of six APs. During the follow-up period, 168 new cases of CKD were identified. Each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 corresponded to a 16.5%, 18.9%, and 9.7% higher CKD risk, respectively, with the TyG index mediating 10.21%, 9.16%, and 5.14% of these associations. PM2.5 demonstrated the highest attribution weight (44.4%) for CKD risk elevation in mixed-exposure models. Chronic ambient AP exposure, particularly PM2.5, synergistically elevates CKD risk in HIV/AIDS patients with glucolipid dysregulation potentially being involved, necessitating targeted air quality policies to mitigate AP impacts on this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure of Domestic Cats (Felis catus) to Rodenticidal Compounds. 家猫（Felis catus）接触灭鼠剂的研究。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080663

Vesna Cerkvenik-Flajs, Detlef Schenke, Simona Korenjak-Černe, Anton Perpar, Jens Jacob, Susanne Schwonbeck, Sven Kleine Bardenhorst, Torsten Hahn, Marko Cvetko, Mitja Gombač

{"title":"Exposure of Domestic Cats (Felis catus) to Rodenticidal Compounds.","authors":"Vesna Cerkvenik-Flajs, Detlef Schenke, Simona Korenjak-Černe, Anton Perpar, Jens Jacob, Susanne Schwonbeck, Sven Kleine Bardenhorst, Torsten Hahn, Marko Cvetko, Mitja Gombač","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080663","url":null,"abstract":"Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are highly effective, but can be of environmental concern due to primary and secondary non-target exposure, with the latter possible being relevant to domestic cats. Therefore, liver residues of ARs and an alternative rodenticide, α-chloralose, were systematically monitored in domestic cats for the first time in the current study. In 2021 and 2022, the carcasses of 99 cats were collected in Slovenia and liver residues were measured by using solid supported liquid-liquid extraction and LC-MS/MS. The results show that 65% of cats carried at least one rodenticide. The second-generation ARs brodifacoum and bromadiolone were most prevalent and found in 53.5 and 25.3% of the samples, respectively. Of first-generation ARs, coumatetralyl was the most prevalent (21.2% of cats). More compounds were detected at high human population density, low farm density and in rural versus intermediate landscapes, but no effect was found for livestock density. Similar trends were found for the presence of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and all rodenticides combined. Farm density was negatively correlated with brodifacoum liver concentration. Individual factors (cat age, sex, outdoor activity) did not matter. The results indicate that a reasonably populated rural landscape, and not the rural or intermediate environment as such, is the main driver of cat exposure to ARs. The risk quotient (RQ) of worst-case acute brodifacoum poisoning was 1506. In summary, a potential environmental problem is globally highlighted for cats that is probably related to secondary exposure to ARs, with a pattern different to that seen in wild predators. Cats are an appropriate sentinel species for assessing rodenticide exposure and endangerment in the environment.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Ethoxylate Exposure with Serum Lipids in General Adults. 6:2氟端聚物乙氧基酸盐暴露与普通成人血脂的关系

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080664

Yan Wu, Qianjin Li, Rendi Deng, Rui Wang, Junfen Fu, Fangfang Ren, Hangbiao Jin

{"title":"Association of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Ethoxylate Exposure with Serum Lipids in General Adults.","authors":"Yan Wu, Qianjin Li, Rendi Deng, Rui Wang, Junfen Fu, Fangfang Ren, Hangbiao Jin","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080664","url":null,"abstract":"A series of 6:2 fluorotelomer ethoxylates (FTEOs) has been recently detected in human serum. Whether it has the potential to disrupt lipid metabolism in human populations remains largely unexplored. This study quantified serum concentrations of 6:2 FTEOs in 237 healthy Chinese adults, examined the gender- and age-specific differences in serum levels of 6:2 FTEOs, and investigated the associations between serum levels of 6:2 FTEOs and lipid profiles for the first time. Nine 6:2 FTEO homologues were detected in collected human serum, with detection frequencies of 22-81%. 6:2 FTEO8 and 6:2 FTEO9 were the more abundant 6:2 FTEO homologues in human serum, displaying the mean levels of 0.69 ng/mL (range < LOD-7.36 ng/mL) and 0.71 ng/mL (<LOD-8.12 ng/mL), respectively. Male participants had much higher (p < 0.05) mean serum levels of 6:2 FTEO6 (0.61 vs. 0.31 ng/mL), 6:2 FTEO7 (0.44 vs. 0.21 ng/mL), 6:2 FTEO8 (0.91 vs. 0.38 ng/mL), and 6:2 FTEO11 (0.35 vs. 0.18 ng/mL) than female subjects. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive relationship (p < 0.01) between the age of participants and human serum concentrations of 6:2 FTEO6-6:2 FTEO11. Multivariate linear regression identified significant positive associations between specific 6:2 FTEO homologues (e.g., 6:2 FTEO6, 6:2 FTEO8-6:2 FTEO10) and elevated total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct Effects of PFOS and OBS on Neurotoxicity via PMK-1 Mediated Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. PFOS和OBS通过PMK-1介导通路对秀丽隐杆线虫神经毒性的不同影响。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080662

Jiahong Jiang, Qi Liu, Boxiang Zhang, Lei Zhao, Dan Xu

{"title":"Distinct Effects of PFOS and OBS on Neurotoxicity via PMK-1 Mediated Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans.","authors":"Jiahong Jiang, Qi Liu, Boxiang Zhang, Lei Zhao, Dan Xu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080662","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) has been proposed as a substitute for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), yet it has garnered increasing attention due to its environmental persistence and potential toxicity. Despite these concerns, the neurotoxic mechanisms of OBS remain unclear. This study investigates and compares the neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of OBS and PFOS in Caenorhabditis elegans. L4-stage worms were exposed to OBS (0.1-100 μM) or PFOS (100 μM) for 24 h. Neurobehavioral analysis showed that OBS exposure induced concentration-dependent neurobehavioral deficits, with 100 μM OBS significantly reducing pharyngeal pumping rate (29.8%), head swing frequency (23.4%), and body bending frequency (46.6%), surpassing the effects of PFOS. Both compounds decreased the fluorescence intensity of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid neurons and downregulated neurotransmitter-associated genes. They also increased ROS generation and inhibited antioxidant gene expression. Molecular docking revealed that OBS had a stronger binding affinity to p38 MAPK key protein (PMK-1) than PFOS. OBS and PFOS upregulated pmk-1 and skn-1, modulating oxidative stress and neuronal function. pmk-1 mutation differentially affected OBS-induced neurobehavioral changes and gene expression alterations. Our findings indicate that OBS exhibits stronger neurotoxicity than PFOS in Caenorhabditis elegans, mediated through the PMK-1 pathway. These results highlight the need for further investigation into the safety of OBS as a PFOS alternative.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extraction Methods of Emerging Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: A Comprehensive Review. 污水污泥中新兴污染物的提取方法综述

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080661

Tatiana Robledo-Mahón, Filip Mercl, Nallanthigal Sridhara Chary, Jiřina Száková, Pavel Tlustoš

{"title":"Extraction Methods of Emerging Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Tatiana Robledo-Mahón, Filip Mercl, Nallanthigal Sridhara Chary, Jiřina Száková, Pavel Tlustoš","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080661","url":null,"abstract":"Sewage sludge (SS) is commonly applied as a soil amendment. This practice has raised concern about the dissemination of emerging pollutants (EPs). EPs include compounds such as flame retardants, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, among others, which may pose risks to human health and ecosystems. The complexity of the SS matrix, combined to the absence of an international legislation framework, makes it necessary to evaluate the techniques available for detecting these contaminants. Detection is typically performed using sensitive analytical techniques; however, the extraction strategy selected remains a crucial step. This review aims to compile different methodologies for the determination of EPs in SS, focusing on extraction strategies reported between 2010 and 2025. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) are the most widely used strategies for EPs. UAE is considered the most preferable option, as it enables the extraction of a wide range of compounds without the need for expensive equipment. Among novel techniques, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method is especially promising, as it is applicable to multiple target compounds. This review provides up-to-date information that can support the development of routine and standardized methodologies for the characterization of EPs in SS.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Preliminary Candidate Surface Guidelines for Air Force-Relevant Dermal Sensitizers Using New Approach Methodologies. 使用新方法开发空军相关皮肤致敏剂的初步候选表面指南。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080660

Andrew J Keebaugh, Megan L Steele, Argel Islas-Robles, Jakeb Phillips, Allison Hilberer, Kayla Cantrell, Yaroslav G Chushak, David R Mattie, Rebecca A Clewell, Elaine A Merrill

{"title":"Development of Preliminary Candidate Surface Guidelines for Air Force-Relevant Dermal Sensitizers Using New Approach Methodologies.","authors":"Andrew J Keebaugh, Megan L Steele, Argel Islas-Robles, Jakeb Phillips, Allison Hilberer, Kayla Cantrell, Yaroslav G Chushak, David R Mattie, Rebecca A Clewell, Elaine A Merrill","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080660","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an immunologic reaction to a dermal chemical exposure that, once triggered in an individual, will result in an allergic response following subsequent encounters with the allergen. Air Force epidemiological consultations have indicated that aircraft structural maintenance workers may experience ACD at elevated rates compared to other occupations. We aimed to better understand the utility of non-animal testing methods in characterizing the sensitization potential of chemicals used during Air Force operations by evaluating the skin sensitization hazard of Air Force-relevant chemicals using new approach methodologies (NAMs) in a case study. We also evaluated the use of NAM data to develop preliminary candidate surface guidelines (PCSGs, maximum concentrations of chemicals on workplace surfaces to prevent induction of dermal sensitization) for chemicals identified as sensitizers. NAMs for assessing skin sensitization, including in silico models and experimental assays, were leveraged into an integrated approach to predict sensitization hazard for 19 chemicals. Local lymph node assay effective concentration values were predicted from NAM assay data via previously published quantitative models. The derived values were used to calculate PCSGs, which can be used to compare the presence of these chemicals on work surfaces to better understand the risk of Airmen developing ACD from occupational exposures.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Blurred Lines Between New Psychoactive Substances and Potential Chemical Weapons. 新的精神活性物质和潜在化学武器之间的模糊界限。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080659

Loreto N Valenzuela-Tapia, Cristóbal A Quintul, Nataly D Rubio-Concha, Luis Toledo-Ríos, Catalina Salas-Kuscevic, Andrea V Leisewitz, Pamela Cámpora-Oñate, Javier Campanini-Salinas

{"title":"The Blurred Lines Between New Psychoactive Substances and Potential Chemical Weapons.","authors":"Loreto N Valenzuela-Tapia, Cristóbal A Quintul, Nataly D Rubio-Concha, Luis Toledo-Ríos, Catalina Salas-Kuscevic, Andrea V Leisewitz, Pamela Cámpora-Oñate, Javier Campanini-Salinas","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080659","url":null,"abstract":"The historical use of toxic chemicals to cause intentional harm has evolved from blister agents in World War I to highly lethal organophosphates and emerging families of chemicals, such as Novichok. In turn, medical or recreational substances like fentanyl, lysergamides, and phencyclidine pose a growing risk of hostile use, particularly related to the rapid proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). A narrative literature review was conducted covering specialized databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Google Scholar) and sources from international organizations (OPCW, UNODC, ONU), analyzing historical and recent cases of the use of nerve agents in conflicts and the use of NPSs for hostile purposes. The main families of conventional agents (G, V, A series, and Novichok) and NPSs (lysergamides, PCP, fentanyl derivatives) were identified, highlighting their ease of synthesis, high toxicity profiles, and the regulatory gaps that facilitate their illicit production. In this scenario, it is essential to strengthen regulatory frameworks, surveillance systems, and ethical protocols in chemical research, as well as to promote international cooperation to prevent these substances from becoming chemical threats.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Multi-Omics Techniques in Aquatic Ecotoxicology: A Review. 多组学技术在水生生态毒理学研究中的应用综述

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080653

Boyang Li, Yizhang Zhang, Jinzhe Du, Chen Liu, Guorui Zhou, Mingrui Li, Zhenguang Yan

{"title":"Application of Multi-Omics Techniques in Aquatic Ecotoxicology: A Review.","authors":"Boyang Li, Yizhang Zhang, Jinzhe Du, Chen Liu, Guorui Zhou, Mingrui Li, Zhenguang Yan","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080653","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional ecotoxicology primarily investigates pollutant toxicity through physiological, biochemical, and single-molecular indicators. However, the limited data obtained through this approach constrain its application in the mechanistic analysis of pollutant toxicity. Omics technologies have emerged as a major research focus in recent years, enabling the comprehensive and accurate analysis of biomolecular-level changes. The integration of multi-omics technologies can holistically reveal the molecular toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, representing a primary emphasis in current toxicological research. This paper introduces the fundamental concepts of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, while reviewing recent advancements in integrated omics approaches within aquatic toxicology. Furthermore, it provides a reference framework for the implementation of multi-omics strategies in ecotoxicological investigations. While multi-omics integration enables the unprecedented reconstruction of pollutant-induced molecular cascades and earlier biomarker discovery (notably through microbiome-metabolome linkages), its full potential requires experimental designs, machine learning-enhanced data integration, and validation against traditional toxicological endpoints within environmentally relevant models.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Daily Accumulation Model for Predicting PFOS Residues in Beef Cattle Muscle After Oral Exposure. 预测口服暴露后肉牛肌肉中全氟辛烷磺酸残留的日累积模型。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080649

Ian Edhlund, Lynn Post, Sara Sklenka

{"title":"A Daily Accumulation Model for Predicting PFOS Residues in Beef Cattle Muscle After Oral Exposure.","authors":"Ian Edhlund, Lynn Post, Sara Sklenka","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080649","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been found worldwide in water, soil, plants, and animals, including humans. A primary route of exposure for humans and animals to PFAS is through the diet and drinking water. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a long-chain PFAS with a relatively long half-life, has been associated with adverse health effects in humans and laboratory animals. There are few toxicokinetic studies on PFOS in domestic livestock raised for human food consumption, which are critical for assessing human food safety. This work aimed to develop a simple daily accumulation model (DAM) for predicting PFOS residues in edible beef cattle muscle. A one-compartment toxicokinetic model in a spreadsheet format was developed using simple calculations to account for daily PFAS into and out of the animal. The DAM was used to simulate two case studies to predict resultant PFOS residues in edible beef cattle tissues. The results demonstrated that the model can reasonably predict PFOS concentrations in beef cattle muscle in a real-world scenario. The DAM was then used to simulate dietary PFOS exposure in beef cattle throughout a typical lifespan in order to derive a generic bioaccumulation factor. The DAM is expected to work well for other PFAS in beef cattle, PFAS in other livestock species raised for meat, and other chemical contaminants with relatively long half-lives.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Presence of Micro- and Nanoplastics Affects Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents. 微塑料和纳米塑料的存在影响氯化溶剂的降解。

IF 4.1 3区环境科学与生态学

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13080656

Fadime Kara Murdoch, Yanchen Sun, Mark E Fuller, Larry Mullins, Amy Hill, Jacob Lilly, John Wilson, Frank E Löffler, Katarzyna H Kucharzyk

{"title":"Presence of Micro- and Nanoplastics Affects Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents.","authors":"Fadime Kara Murdoch, Yanchen Sun, Mark E Fuller, Larry Mullins, Amy Hill, Jacob Lilly, John Wilson, Frank E Löffler, Katarzyna H Kucharzyk","doi":"10.3390/toxics13080656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080656","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) can affect microbial abundance and activity, likely by damaging cell membrane components. While their effects on anaerobic digestion are known, less is understood about their impact on microbes involved in contaminant bioremediation. Chlorinated volatile organic contaminants (CVOCs) such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and explosives like hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are common in the environment, and their bioremediation is a promising cleanup strategy. This study examined how polystyrene (PS) and polyamide 6 (PA6) MPs and NPs influence CVOC and RDX biodegradation. PS particles did not inhibit the CVOC-degrading community SDC-9, but PA6 MPs impaired the reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), causing a \"cis-DCE stall\" with no further conversion to vinyl chloride (VC) or ethene. Only 45% of TCE was dechlorinated to cis-DCE, and Dehalococcoides mccartyi abundance dropped 1000-fold in 35 days with PA6 MPs. In contrast, neither PA6 nor PS MPs and NPs affected RDX biotransformation. These results highlight the significant impact of PA6 MPs on CVOC biodegradation and the need to consider plastic pollution in environmental management.","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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