Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on the Concentration, Sources, and Photochemical Roles of Volatile Phenols in the Atmosphere in the North China Plain.","authors":"Ziyan Chen, Kaitao Chen, Min Cai, Xingru Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090744","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile phenols in the atmosphere are important precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Despite their importance, the lack of effective observation and analysis methods has led to less attention paid to them, leading to gaps in our understanding of their behavior and effects on atmospheric chemistry. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration levels, sources, and environmental impacts of volatile phenols in ambient air, focusing on the urban area of Beijing and the suburban district of Heze in the North China Plain during winter. Samples were collected using an XAD-7 column and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV). Results indicated that a higher concentration of 11 detected phenols was found in Beijing than that in Heze, with the average concentration of 23.60 ± 8.99 ppbv and 18.38 ± 2.34 ppbv. Phenol and cresol with strong photochemical activity were the predominant species, accounting for about 52% (Heze) and 66% (Beijing) of the total phenols, which indicates that more attention should be paid to volatile phenols in urban areas. Higher levels of L_OH in Beijing (36.86 s^-1) and Heze (22.06 s^-1) compared to other studies about PAMS and carbonyls indicated that these volatile phenols play an undeniable role in atmospheric oxidation reactions. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified major sources as pesticide usage (15.6%), organic chemicals (31.9%), and combustion or secondary conversion (52.5%). These findings underscore the multifaceted impact of phenols, influencing both gaseous pollutant concentrations and particulate matter formation, with potential implications for environmental and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cattle from Western Pará: Human Health Risk Assessment.","authors":"Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino, Osvaldo Gato Nunes Neto, Fábio Edir Amaral Albuquerque, Kelly Cristiny Gomes da Paixão Albuquerque, Francisco Flávio Vieira de Assis, Rejane Santos Sousa, Raimundo Alves Barrêto Júnior, Marta López-Alonso, Marta Miranda","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090740","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Western Pará, northern Brazil, is a significant region for mineral exploration, leading to the deposition of potentially toxic elements in soils and water basins. This study evaluated concentrations of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in cattle muscle tissue from three municipalities: Oriximiná, Itaituba, and Monte Alegre. Metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of toxic metals via beef consumption (71 g/person/day) was below oral reference doses values (RfDo). Target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ (TTHQ) values for all metals were below 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risk. Monte Alegre exhibited the highest THQ for As and Pb, Oriximiná for Cd, and Itaituba for Hg. Although the overall assessment suggests low risk, elevated Hg concentrations were detected in 10% of the samples, with at least one animal from each municipality exceeding the European Union maximum residue limit (0.01 mg/kg). These findings indicate localized contamination and potential mercury bioaccumulation. Given the rising anthropogenic activities (such as mining and deforestation), continued monitoring of heavy metal levels in animal tissues is recommended to ensure long-term food safety and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levoglucosan and Its Isomers as Markers and Biomarkers of Exposure to Wood Burning.","authors":"Boglárka S Balogh, Zsófia Csákó, Zoltán Nyiri, Máté Szabados, Réka Kakucs, Norbert Erdélyi, Tamás Szigeti","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090742","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Levoglucosan and its isomers, mannosan and galactosan, are widely used atmospheric tracers of biomass combustion, and levoglucosan has been previously proposed as a potential biomarker of wood smoke exposure. This study evaluated their applicability under real-world conditions. During 14-day monitoring campaigns in both heating and non-heating seasons, daily PM_2.5 and paired urine samples were collected from adults and children in two Hungarian settlements with different heating practices. Monosaccharide anhydrides in PM_2.5 and urine were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while demographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were obtained via questionnaires. Ambient concentrations were substantially higher during the heating season and at the rural site, confirming the significant contribution of residential wood burning to air pollution. While urinary levoglucosan was quantifiable in >90% of samples, its isomers were often below the limit of quantification. Urinary levoglucosan concentrations did not exhibit consistent seasonal or spatial patterns and were not associated with ambient levels. Instead, an unexplained background more likely influenced by certain demographic, dietary, and behavioral factors than by environmental exposure appeared to drive urinary levels. These findings suggest that urinary levoglucosan is not a suitable biomarker for assessing residential wood smoke exposure, with similar conclusions drawn for mannosan and galactosan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Elements in Post-Mortem Tissues: A Review of Current Evidence and Forensic Challenges.","authors":"Claudia Trignano, Angela Sabalic, Andrea Pisano, Davide Tutedde, Pablo Hernández-Camarero, Raffaele La Russa, Macarena Perán, Roberto Madeddu","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace elements and heavy metals can provide valuable forensic information for individual identification, lifestyle reconstruction, and association with the scene or time of death and may also assist in linking objects to criminal activities. However, the lack of standardized guidelines and post-mortem reference values represents a significant limitation in forensic investigations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We performed a comprehensive literature study over the last ten years focusing on the analysis of trace elements and heavy metals in post-mortem tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search results from the databases yielded 247 records. The screening, according to PRISMA criteria, allowed us to select and include 19 articles. The results showed the need for standardized guidelines and reference values. Although post-mortem trace element analysis shows high potential for forensic applications, substantial methodological heterogeneity persists. Some studies have proposed preliminary reference values for cadmium (Cd) in kidneys and mercury (Hg) in hair but validated post-mortem reference ranges remain largely unavailable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current literature demonstrates the forensic potential of trace element and heavy metals analysis including Cd, Hg, lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Thallium (Tl), Polonium (²¹⁰Po) but also underlines the urgent need for standardized protocols and validated post-mortem reference values to improve interpretability and reliability in forensic contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Enrichment in Ferromanganese Nodules and Soil Ecological Risk Assessment in the Karst Area with High Geological Background.","authors":"Xiangru Zhang, Yifang Su, Haoyi Wang, Shuang Lü, Jinru Su, Guanyu Wei, Haini Huang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090746","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferromanganese nodules exhibit strong capacity for heavy metal immobilization and are thus a crucial contributor to the high geological background in karst areas. Heavy metals sequestered within ferromanganese nodules display low bioavailability, which leads to an overestimation of ecological risk in areas with high geological backgrounds. However, limited attention is given to the enrichment process of heavy metals and the overestimated ecological risk of ferromanganese nodules in karst areas. Here, the surface soils and ferromanganese nodules are collected from a region dominated by carbonate and clastic rocks to investigate the enrichment of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), the influence of parent rock, and their ecological implications in Northeastern Guangxi. Results show the following findings: (1) Heavy metals are enriched in ferromanganese nodules, with Cr and As correlating with Fe, and Cd and Pb correlating with Mn. (2) The spatial distribution of each element closely matches parent rock lithology, and high heavy-metal concentrations of both soils and ferromanganese nodules occur in carbonate areas. (3) The proportion of contaminated samples generally decreases after excluding the contribution of ferromanganese nodules, leading to a decline in risk level in carbonate areas, while clastic areas exhibit minimal change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Uptake and Translocation of Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Zinc by Tomato Plants Grown in Nutrient and Contaminated Nutrient Solutions: Implications for Food Safety.","authors":"Radmila Milačič Ščančar, Katarina Kozlica, Stefan Marković, Pia Leban, Janja Vidmar, Ester Heath, Nina Kacjan Maršić, Špela Železnikar, Janez Ščančar","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090738","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uptake and translocation of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn in tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. Rally) were investigated. Tomato seedlings were grown for five weeks in pots containing 40 L of Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 7) or contaminated nutrient solutions at two concentration levels for each element: Cr (100 and 1000 ng/mL), Zn (100 and 1000 ng/mL), Pb (100 and 500 ng/mL), and Cd (50 and 500 ng/mL). The solutions were replenished weekly to maintain a volume of 40 L (pH 7), and 10 mL samples were collected for elemental analysis. After five weeks, the plants were harvested and separated into roots, stems, leaves, and fruits. These samples underwent microwave-assisted digestion, and the element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results revealed that the elements were mainly accumulated in the roots, with much lower concentrations determined in the fruits. Pb and Cr accumulated only minimally in fruits, with Pb levels of 0.0009 mg/kg wet weight at LI and 0.003 mg/kg wet weight at LII, and Cr levels of 0.028 mg/kg wet weight at LI and 0.031 mg/kg wet weight at LII. The Pb levels did not exceed the permissible limits set by EC regulations (0.05 mg/kg wet weight). Zn exhibited the highest accumulation in fruits, with 2.17 mg/kg wet weight at LI and 4.8 mg/kg wet weight at LII. By contrast, the Cd concentrations in fruits (0.25 mg/kg wet weight at LI and 1.1 mg/kg wet weight at LII) exceeded the EC regulatory limit of 0.02 mg/kg wet weight. The uptake of other essential elements into the tomato plant remained largely unaffected by the presence of contaminants. These results provide valuable insights into food safety. Laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS imaging revealed an even distribution of Cd and Zn in the leaves of plants grown in contaminated nutrient solutions. By contrast, Cr and Pb were predominantly localized in the leaf veins and at the leaf apex, suggesting different transport mechanisms for these elements from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially Toxic Elements and Natural Radioactivity in Nasser Lake Sediments: Environmental Risks in a Key Egyptian Freshwater Lake.","authors":"Esraa S El-Shlemy, Ahmed Gad, Mohammed G El Feky, Abdel-Moneim A Mahmoud, Omnia El-Sayed, Neveen S Abed","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090745","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A necessary evaluation of freshwater ecosystem pollution levels and radiation risks remains crucial for maintaining environmental health, especially within economically developing areas. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the mineralogical, geochemical, and radiological characteristics of sediments in Nasser Lake, Egypt, to determine potential ecological and health risks. Forty sediment samples were collected from multiple locations, including both surface and bottom sediments, for analysis of textural attributes, mineral composition, potentially toxic elements, and natural radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K). Results revealed sand-dominated sediments with low organic matter content. The heavy mineral assemblages derived from Nile River inputs, wind-deposited materials, and eroded igneous and metamorphic rocks. Geochemical analysis showed that arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead concentrations exceeded upper continental crust background values, with enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indices indicating significant anthropogenic contributions. The pollution indices revealed heavy contamination levels and extreme ecological risks, which were primarily driven by arsenic and cadmium concentrations. Radiological assessments detected activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K below the world average, with hazard indices indicating minimal radiological risk except where localized hotspots were present. The study emphasizes the need for targeted monitoring and sustainable management practices to mitigate pollution and preserve the crucial freshwater environment of Nasser Lake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee By-Products Studied by the Planar Ames Bioassay with pH Indicator Endpoint Using the 2LabsToGo-Eco.","authors":"Maryam Monazzah, Cedric Herrmann, Gertrud E Morlock, Jannika Fuchs, Dirk W Lachenmeier","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090739","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mutagenic potential of coffee by-products, including <i>Coffea</i> leaves, blossoms, cherries, and silverskin, was studied using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with the recent planar Ames bioassay via pH indicator endpoint. The 2LabsToGo-Eco allowed for the separation and detection of mutagens in complex samples. Hot water was the most effective extraction solvent in terms of yield and closely simulated the typical human consumption of coffee by-products. Separation was performed on TLC plates with a mixture of ethyl acetate, <i>n</i>-propanol, and water, followed by bioassay detection. The positive control 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide exhibited clear mutagenic responses, confirming the proper bioassay performance. In the Ames bioautogram, none of the tested coffee by-products showed mutagenic zones, suggesting the absence of strongly acting, acute mutagens under the applied test conditions; however, given the only 5 h short incubation and the use of TA98 strain only, a longer incubation time and testing with additional <i>Salmonella</i> strains is recommended. The results provide new safety data for <i>Coffea</i> leaves and blossoms and are consistent with some previous studies demonstrating the safety of coffee by-products. However, further improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity of the planar Ames bioassay are demanded, and further in vivo and long-term safety studies are recommended. Considering natural variability, the different uses of pesticides and treatments, and the fluctuating supply chains, coffee by-products may differ highly. The planar bioassay technology using the affordable 2LabsToGo-Eco is a powerful toxicological screening option for the coffee industry, considering the increasing interest in utilizing coffee by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Enrichment Regularity of Trace Elements in Meitan Cuiya Tea and Soil.","authors":"Jia Wei, Haiyun Zhou, Qiao Liu, Lin Bai, Minjie Han, Gendi Liu, Shuyan Pei, Fumei Zhang, Xiaojing Tian, Guoheng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090741","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to investigate the migration and distribution characteristics of trace elements in the soil-tea system in the Cuiya tea area of Meitan County, Guizhou Province. <b>Methods:</b> The contents of trace elements (Cd, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Ni, Se, Pr, Sm, Zn) in tea and soil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). <b>Results:</b> The average contents of heavy metals in soil and tea from Meitan County were below the Chinese national standards, while also meeting the criteria for selenium enrichment. Within the soil-tea system, Mn in tea leaves exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil Mn, while Cd showed a significant positive correlation with soil Cd. This pattern was consistent across both the topsoil and subsoil. The tea plants exhibited a high enrichment capacity for Mn, Mg, and Zn, but a low capacity for Sm, Fe, and Cd. Among the studied areas, the enrichment effect was most pronounced in SL, XH, and MJ towns. <b>Conclusions:</b> Significant spatial variations were observed in the concentrations of trace elements in both tea and soil across the Meitan tea area. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the enrichment and migration of trace elements within the soil-tea system of Meitan County, Guizhou, and for tracing the geographical origin of its tea.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate Dealumination of Zeolites via Chelation to Facilitate Pt Anchoring and Toluene Removal.","authors":"Wenqi He, Zhipeng Qie, Huaizhong Xiang, Hassan Alhassawi","doi":"10.3390/toxics13090737","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics13090737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zeolites are promising materials for volatile organic compound (VOC) adsorption and catalytic oxidation, where tuning their structure via defect engineering can enhance adsorption capacity and active metal dispersion. In this study, a concentration-sensitive chelation strategy using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was developed to achieve moderate dealumination for Beta and Y zeolites. For Y zeolite, 0.1 M DTPA treatment increased the toluene adsorption capacity from 59 to 110 mg/g. After platinum (Pt) loading, both DTPA-modified Beta- and Y-based catalysts showed improved toluene oxidation efficiency compared to their unmodified counterparts. Remarkably, the Y-DTPA-0.01-Pt catalyst achieved 90% toluene conversion at 150 °C with CO₂ selectivity above 90%. DRIFTS and H₂-TPR results confirmed that moderate dealumination by DTPA generated silanol defects in zeolite Y that strongly anchored Pt²⁺ in a highly dispersed form and suppressed PtO formation. Severe dealumination using 0.1 M DTPA created larger defects that favored the aggregation of Pt⁰ clusters whilst causing significant loss in the micropores, thus reducing the Pt loading content and catalytic activity. This work demonstrates a simple and effective approach to optimize zeolite-based catalysts by controlling defect formation through controllable chelation, offering new insights into VOC abatement via tailored support design.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}