Toxics最新文献

{"title":"Toxicological and Biomarker Assessment of Freshwater Zebra Mussels (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) Exposed to Nano-Polystyrene.","authors":"Andrew Reynolds, Enya Cody, Michelle Giltrap, Gordon Chambers","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110774","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of sub-micron-sized plastics in the environment has been increasing, with the possible risks of these particles remaining relatively unknown. In order to assess the toxicity of these particles, 100 nm diameter green fluorescent nano-polystyrene spheres (NPS) (20-60 mg/L) were exposed to zebra mussels (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) to investigate the mortality, clearance rate and stress-related biomarker responses. <i>D. polymorpha</i> were collected and analysed with standard OECD toxicological tests and biomarker analysis to detect both physical and biochemical responses after exposure to NPS. The toxicity of the NPS to <i>D. polymorpha</i> was low, with 60 mg/L NPS causing a mortality rate of 11.1% at 96 h which was statistically significant compared to the 4.2% control. No statistical change could be found for the condition factor (k_c) of <i>D. polymorpha</i> after NPS exposure. Clearance rates in <i>D. polymorpha</i> using <i>R. subcapitata</i> algae showed NPS-exposed mussels had a reduction of filtering efficiency of up to 30.5%. Bioassay testing shows a mixed but undeniably negative response from the <i>D. polymorpha</i> to the NPS, notably a significant rise in DNA Strand Breaks (DSB) and Metallothionein (MT) responses for high NPS concentrations. Additionally, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay tests showed a significant increase in response from the higher (>40 mg/L) concentrations of NPS exposure. Although Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) assay showed no statistical change from the control for all NPS-exposed samples, an increase of 20% had occurred for 60 mg/L NPS. Overall, a minimal toxic response from <i>D. polymorpha</i> to the NPS exposure below 40 mg/L was seen. After 40 mg/L NPS, mussels presented more acute toxicity in terms of mortality, along with reduced algal clearance rates and anincrease in biomarker response. This study revealed a clear induction of oxidative stress and DSB in the digestive gland of zebra mussels following exposure to nano-polystyrene. While these findings provide valuable insights into the potential harmful effects of nanoplastics in freshwater bivalves, further studies are necessary to help understand the level of threat plastic pollution may pose to the health of freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Co-Exposure Patterns of Volatile Organic Compounds and the Risk of Hyperuricemia: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2012.","authors":"Xue Zhao, Haiyan Ding, Jian Qin, Shuli An, Shuangshuang Li, Hongqi He, Linwei Zhou, Xinjie Gong, Xia Chu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110772","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Co-exposure to multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is common in daily life. However, few studies have evaluated the associations between the patterns of simultaneous exposure to multiple VOCs and the risk of hyperuricemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 7490 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2003 and 2012. The K-means clustering method was applied to cluster eight kinds of VOCs in the blood into various co-exposure patterns, including benzene, bromodichloromethane, chloroform, dibromochloromethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and o-xylene. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the association between single VOCs, the co-exposure patterns of multiple VOCs, and the hyperuricemia risk. Restricted cubic spline functions were utilized to investigate the non-linear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on eight VOCs, four characteristic co-exposure patterns were generated. Compared with the low-level exposure group, the levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) co-exposure in cluster 2, characterized by relatively high levels of MTBE and moderate levels of bromodichloromethane, chloroform, and dibromochloromethane, were associated with increased hyperuricemia risk, with an odds ratio of 1.32 (1.02, 1.71). Increasing levels of bromodichloromethane and chloroform were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. A strong J-shaped relationship was found between MTBE and hyperuricemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicated that blood bromodichloromethane and chloroform were positively associated with hyperuricemia risk. Blood MTBE had a J-shaped association with hyperuricemia. In addition, the significant association of the co-exposure patterns of multiple VOCs in the blood with hyperuricemia risk was observed. Changing VOC co-exposure patterns may play a crucial role in the occurrence of hyperuricemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Molecular Oxygen Activation by Iron-Based Materials: Prospects for Nano-Enabled In Situ Remediation of Organic-Contaminated Sites.","authors":"Fangru He, Lianrui Xu, Hongyang Wang, Chuanjia Jiang","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110773","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is commonly used for the remediation of contaminated sites, and molecular oxygen (O₂) after activation by aquifer constituents and artificial remediation agents has displayed potential for efficient and selective removal of soil and groundwater contaminants via ISCO. In particular, Fe-based materials are actively investigated for O₂ activation due to their prominent catalytic performance, wide availability, and environmental compatibility. This review provides a timely overview on O₂ activation by Fe-based materials (including zero-valent iron-based materials, iron sulfides, iron (oxyhydr)oxides, and Fe-containing clay minerals) for degradation of organic pollutants. The mechanisms of O₂ activation are systematically summarized, including the electron transfer pathways, reactive oxygen species formation, and the transformation of the materials during O₂ activation, highlighting the effects of the coordination state of Fe atoms on the capability of the materials to activate O₂. In addition, the key factors influencing the O₂ activation process are analyzed, particularly the effects of organic ligands. This review deepens our understanding of the mechanisms of O₂ activation by Fe-based materials and provides further insights into the application of this process for in situ remediation of organic-contaminated sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of Natural Organic Matter in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants by Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Mini-Review.","authors":"Dan Luo, Hansen Lin, Xingzhen Li, Yu Wang, Long Ye, Yuebang Mai, Peihao Wu, Zhuobiao Ni, Qingqi Lin, Rongliang Qiu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110770","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) are widely used to degrade significant amounts of organic pollutants (OPs) in water and soil matrices. The effectiveness of these processes is influenced by the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), which is ubiquitous in the environment. However, the mechanisms by which NOM affects the degradation of OPs in PS-AOPs remain poorly documented. This review systematically summarizes the dual effects of NOM in PS-AOPs, including inhibitory and promotional effects. It encompasses the entire process, detailing the interaction between PS and its activators, the fate of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the transformation of OPs within PS-AOPs. Specifically, the inhibiting mechanisms include the prevention of PS activation, suppression of ROS fate, and conversion of intermediates to their parent compounds. In contrast, the promoting effects involve the enhancement of catalytic effectiveness, contributions to ROS generation, and improved interactions between NOM and OPs. Finally, further studies are required to elucidate the reaction mechanisms of NOM in PS-AOPs and explore the practical applications of PS-AOPs using actual NOM rather than model compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Attachment of Juvenile Mussels via Byssus Weakened by Contaminated Polyethylene Fibers.","authors":"Wei Ma, Xuelian Wei, Fenglian Zeng, Ming Li, Ping Wang, Yingying Ye, Jiji Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110768","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the process of mussel farming, the rope for attachment is indispensable, as it provides a stable attachment environment for mussel seedlings, directly affecting their survival rate and growth quality. The objective of this study is to examine the contamination of ropes, composed of polyethylene fibers, by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after three years of deployment and to assess its influence on the attachment and locomotion behaviors of juvenile mussels. Utilizing a laboratory simulation of the seedling wrapping process, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the number of juvenile mussels attached and their movement distances when exposed to contaminated old ropes versus uncontaminated new ropes. The findings indicated that the old ropes markedly diminished the attachment rate of juvenile mussels and heightened their movement distances. In particular, juvenile mussels utilizing old ropes exhibited a final attachment rate of 15.0% and an average movement distance of 0.86 cm, whereas those using new ropes achieved a final attachment rate of 96.7% with an average movement distance of 0.26 cm. Further inspection found that heavy metals and PAHs were present in the old rope, among which the concentrations of Zn (17.127 μg/g) and Pb (22.905 μg/g) in heavy metals were high, and the concentrations of Phe (5.53 μg/kg), Fla (6.35 μg/kg), and Pyr (5.17 μg/kg) in PAHs exceeded the detection limits, which were the main source of pollution. This research underscores the potential risk that heavy metal and PAHs contamination pose to the health of juvenile mussels and the profitability of aquaculture, emphasizing the critical need for the regular replacement of clean ropes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risk Assessment for Potential Toxic Elements in the Soil and Rice of Typical Paddy Fields in Henan Province.","authors":"Yuling Jiang, Hao Guo, Keying Chen, Xiaowei Fei, Mengzhen Li, Jianhua Ma, Weichun He","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110771","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of potential toxic elements in agricultural soil and rice is of particular concern in China. However, studies on the risk assessment of these elements in regional soil-rice systems remain limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pollution status and potential health risk of potential toxic elements in typical paddy soil and rice in Henan Province. A total of 80 soil samples and corresponding rice samples were collected to determine the contents of Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni, and to assess their potential health risks to local consumers. Results showed that the average contents of these elements in soils were below the national risk screening values in GB15618-2018. Only the average content of Cr in rice exceeded the limit in GB 2762-2022 specified by the national food safety standard. The rates of exceeding the limits for Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in rice samples were 13.89%, 15.28%, 15.28%, and 27.78%, respectively. The health risk assessment indicated that rice intake for both adults and children caused carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to varying degrees. Local residents are advised to purchase rice from outside the study area to meet their daily needs and strictly regulate the pollution of potential toxic elements within the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides and Telomere Length in Neonatal Cord Blood.","authors":"Ying Jiang, Ziyuan Xu, Meng Wang, Hongxiu Liu, Yuanyuan Li, Shunqing Xu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110769","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Environmental exposure may affect the telomere length (TL) of newborns, which is considered as an early biomarker indicating susceptibility for later life diseases. However, the effects of prenatal organochlorine pesticide (OCP) exposure on newborn TL remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure levels of OCPs during pregnancy and TL in neonatal cord blood. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 168 mother-infant pairs from a birth cohort in Wuhan, China, were included this study. The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs, including β-HCH, α-HCH, and γ-HCH), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolites (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, p,p'-DDD; p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, p,p'-DDE) were measured in cord blood. The associations between the OCPs and the TL in newborns were analyzed by a generalized linear regression model. Stratified analyses by newborn sex, maternal gestational weight gain, and pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were performed to evaluate if the associations were modified by these factors. <b>Results:</b> The detection rates of various OCPs ranged from 50.9% to 100.0%. The median concentration of p,p'-DDE was the highest (33.90 ng/g lipid), followed by β-HCH (8.67 ng/g lipid), and the median concentrations of the other OCPs were between 0.12 and 0.33 ng/g lipid. Among the all newborns, a two-fold increase in the γ-HCH concentration in the cord blood was significantly associated with a 0.024 (95% CI: -0.041, -0.007) decrease in the TL. After stratification by newborn sex, the inverse association between γ-HCH and the TL was only statistically significant in boys, but not in girls (<i>P</i> for interaction <0.05). In addition, after stratification by pre-pregnancy BMI, β-HCH and p,p'-DDT concentrations were significantly associated with a decreased TL in the overweight pre-pregnancy BMI group [-0.111 (95% CI: -0.203, -0.018) and -0.036 (95% CI: -0.049, -0.023), respectively]. <b>Conclusions:</b> Prenatal exposure to OCPs during pregnancy was associated with a decreased neonatal telomere length, which may be affected by the newborn sex and pre-pregnancy BMI. These findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying OCP-induced adverse health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11597908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe₃O₄/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation.","authors":"Ziling Tang, Meina Liang, Yanmei Ding, Chongmin Liu, Qing Zhang, Dunqiu Wang, Xuehong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110765","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetite-loaded biochar has recently received attention owing to its ability to remove arsenic from contaminated soil. In this study, mulberry stem biochar (MBC) and Fe₃O₄-loaded mulberry stem biochar (Fe₃O₄@MBC) were produced and used in a 100-day incubation experiment to investigate their performance in the stabilization of arsenic in paddy soil severely polluted by the As (237.68 mg·kg^-1) mechanism. Incubation experiments showed that Fe₃O₄@MBC was more effective in immobilizing As after incubation for 100 days. Moreover, adding Fe₃O₄@MBC facilitated the transformation of exchangeable heavy metals into organic-bound and residual forms, thereby reducing As available concentrations, mobility, and bioavailability in the soil, and elevating slightly the soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The concentration of TCLP-extractable As (As_TCLP) in contaminated soil was reduced from 93.85 to 7.64 μg·L^-1 within 10 d, below the safety limit for drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The characterization results of Fe₃O₄@MBC after incubation indicated that the mechanisms for As passivation are linked to redox reactions, complexation, electrostatic attraction, surface adsorption, and coprecipitation. Conclusively, Fe₃O₄@MBC is a promising amendment in highly As-contaminated soil and provides a theoretical reference in such polluted paddy soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Surface Contamination and Dermal Exposure to 5-Fluorouracil in Healthcare Settings by UPLC-MS/MS Using a New Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Source.","authors":"Matteo Creta, Eline Verscheure, Birgit Tans, Herman Devriese, An Devriendt, David Devolder, Robin Lebegge, Katrien Poels, Lode Godderis, Radu-Corneliu Duca, Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110766","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-known cytostatic drug, which is often used in cancer treatments. Yet, it is also a very dangerous compound for people who are occupationally exposed to it for a long time, such as pharmacy employees, nurses and cleaning staff. We aimed to improve and implement a LC-MS/MS method for 5-FU quantification on surface contamination samples collected with swabs in a pharmacy department and outpatient nursing station of a university hospital. To improve the existing methods to quantify 5-FU, we compared a LC-MS/MS method using the frequently applied electrospray ionization source (ESI) with a UniSpray ionization source (USI). To determine the contamination of 5-FU in a pharmacy department preparing 5-FU infusion bags, which are then given to patients in the outpatient nursing stations, we collected multiple surface swabs of the laminar flow cabinets and frequently touched objects, before the preparation and administration of 5-FU and afterwards. Furthermore, we sampled the protective gloves and the bare hands of employees of the pharmacy department, involved in the preparation of the infusion bags. Using the USI source, we were able to reach the lowest limit of quantification (LOQ). With this technique, we were able to detect 5-FU contamination on the laminar flow cabinets and frequently used objects in the pharmacy department and the outpatient nursing station in the very low ng/cm² range. This contamination was mostly higher after preparation or administration than before. While we also found 5-FU on the protective gloves, we almost found no 5-FU on the skin of the pharmacy technicians preparing the 5-FU infusion bags. In conclusion, our method was able to detect very low concentrations of 5-FU contamination, but the contamination we found is very unlikely to result in any issues for the personnel working in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM_2.5 Exposure as a Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Tianyi Yuan, Minna Cheng, Yingyan Ma, Haidong Zou, Haidong Kan, Xia Meng, Yi Guo, Ziwei Peng, Yi Xu, Lina Lu, Saiguang Ling, Zhou Dong, Yuheng Wang, Qinping Yang, Wenli Xu, Yan Shi, Cong Liu, Senlin Lin","doi":"10.3390/toxics12110767","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxics12110767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Objective: This study investigated the relationship between long-term particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure and optic disc parameters-vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), vertical optic disc diameter (vDD), and vertical optic cup diameter (vCD)-in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 65,750 T2DM patients in the 2017-2018 Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE). Optic disc parameters were extracted from fundus images, and PM_2.5 exposure was estimated using a random forest model incorporating satellite and meteorological data. Multivariate linear regression models were applied, adjusting for confounders including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, time of T2DM duration, smoking, drinking, and physical exercise. (3) Results: A 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 exposure was associated with significant reductions in vCDR (-0.008), vDD (-42.547 μm), and vCD (-30.517 μm) (all <i>p</i>-values < 0.001). These associations persisted after sensitivity analyses and adjustments for other pollutants like O₃ and NO₂. (4) Conclusions: Long-term PM_2.5 exposure is associated with detrimental changes in optic disc parameters in patients with T2DM, suggesting possible optic nerve atrophy. Considering the close relationship between the optic nerve and the central nervous system, these findings may also reflect broader neurodegenerative processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}