Resources Conservation and Recycling最新文献

{"title":"Real-time plastic waste segmentation for sustainable resource recovery in construction","authors":"Iman Ranjbar ,&nbsp;Yiannis Ventikos ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Arashpour","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction and demolition (C&amp;D) sector is a major contributor to Australia’s total waste, with reports indicating continuous annual growth. Among this waste, end-of-life plastic represents a valuable recyclable material with significant recovery potential. However, effective separation of plastic waste remains a challenge due to the highly cluttered and heterogeneous nature of C&amp;D waste. This study focuses on the detection and segmentation of C&amp;D plastic waste using advanced instance segmentation models to enable efficient waste sorting and recycling. A large, specialised dataset is curated, capturing the complex and very often deformed nature of C&amp;D plastic waste across seven key categories: buckets, cables, drums, insulation, liquid containers, pipes, and PVC profiles. The dataset features a high density of objects per image, ensuring robust model training and generalisation in real-world scenarios. State-of-the-art instance segmentation models, including FastInst, RTMDet-Ins, YOLOv9, and YOLOv11, are trained and evaluated on this dataset. Among these, YOLOv11 demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 51.3 while maintaining a real-time inference speed of 89 frames per second (FPS). A systematic analysis of the models’ strengths and limitations is provided, highlighting challenges associated with segmenting highly cluttered and overlapping objects. Additionally, EigenCAM visualisations are used to interpret the model’s decision-making process. The findings demonstrate that the proposed models achieve accurate segmentation of C&amp;D plastic waste, contributing to improved resource recovery and the advancement of a circular economy within the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108719"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material flow analysis of plastics in Australia: Towards a circular economy of polymers","authors":"Nargessadat Emami ,&nbsp;Quoc Anh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Alessio Miatto ,&nbsp;Jacob Fry ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Taskhiri ,&nbsp;Mengyu Li ,&nbsp;Manfred Lenzen ,&nbsp;Deborah Lau ,&nbsp;Heinz Schandl","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic is a critical material in Australia, widely used across industries for its versatility and cost-effectiveness. However, the growing volume of plastic waste, amounting to 3201 kt in 2020–21, poses significant environmental challenges. Only 13 % of plastic waste was recycled, while 81 % was sent to landfill, 1 % energy recovery and 5 % exported. This study examines the lifecycle of plastics in Australia, including production, consumption, waste generation, and recycling practices. Employing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) combined with Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) analysis, we trace the flows of major plastic types, identify systemic inefficiencies and reginal disparities in recycling. Results show that 77 % of the 1280 kt of virgin polymers consumed were imported, with polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) being the most common type, followed by PVC and PP. The manufacturing and construction sectors together account for 84 % of total plastic consumption. Regional patterns vary considerably. New South Wales and Victoria report the highest plastic use, reflecting population size, while recycling rates differ widely. South Australia achieves a 20 % recycling rate, whereas the Australian Capital Territory recycles only 0.1 % locally due to the absence of recycling facilities. Of the total plastic waste recycled, 46 % was reprocessed domestically, and the remainder exported, highlighting gaps in local recycling infrastructure. These findings underscore the urgent need to improve Australia’s recycling capacity and practices. Strengthening domestic infrastructure is essential for mitigating environmental impacts and advancing towards a circular economy of plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108718"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A solar-driven photo-thermoelectrochemical osmotic system with functions of water purification, metal recovery and power generation","authors":"Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Qindong Wang ,&nbsp;Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Geng ,&nbsp;Mingxin Huo ,&nbsp;Meng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A solar-driven and autonomous photo-thermoelectrochemical osmotic system (PTECOS) is developed to simultaneously regenerate freshwater and recover high-value metal from wastewater, providing a sustainable approach to global resource scarcity. This system employs a novel g-C₃N₄/TiO₂@CF photoanode that enables water purification and metal recovery without the need for external energy input. The integration of a forward osmosis (FO) membrane ensures continuous water replenishment via evaporation-induced osmotic gradients while effectively suppressing salt accumulation on the photoanode surface. By combining efficient photothermal evaporation with enhanced photoelectrochemical conversion in a unified design, PTECOS significantly outperforms conventional photoelectrochemical osmotic systems. The optimized system achieves an interfacial evaporation rate of 1.32 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under 100 mW cm⁻² illumination, coupled with an FO water flux of 1.30 L m⁻² h⁻¹. It enables copper recovery at 7.8 mg cm⁻² h⁻¹ and reaches a peak power density of 1448.6 mW m⁻². The purified water satisfies the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking-water standards for the examined contaminants. Field tests under natural sunlight demonstrate stable day-night operation. By integrating photothermal evaporation, photoelectrochemical processes, and osmotically-driven water transport, PTECOS overcomes the traditional trade-off between evaporation efficiency and salt accumulation, achieving energy-autonomous freshwater regeneration and efficient metal recovery. This versatile platform offers a promising path toward sustainable water-treatment technologies that combine energy self-sufficiency with resource recovery, thereby addressing the pressing challenges of global resource scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108747"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material composition trends in printed circuit boards of mobile phones","authors":"Aleksander Jandric ,&nbsp;Lukas Ginzinger ,&nbsp;Dzeneta Vrucak ,&nbsp;Damien Latacz ,&nbsp;Kathija Shaik ,&nbsp;Tim Gießmann ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gabbay de Souza ,&nbsp;Cledwyn Mangunda ,&nbsp;Alexander Birich ,&nbsp;Stefan Salhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, we have investigated 45 mobile phones manufactured between 1998 and 2021. After dismantling, the resulting Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) have been mechanically processed and homogenised. From each PCB, three sample pellets were created and analysed with a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF). In addition, a post-hoc calibration was performed to correct element and sample-specific biases. This approach allowed us to analyse a large sample size and to identify element mass value trends over time. The results for precious metals show an average annual decrease -2.49 mg/PCB for Ag, -1.14 mg/PCB for Au, and -0.13 mg/PCB for Pd. By contrast, the concentrations of Cu and Ni were increasing, but due to the decreasing mass of PCBs, the overall trends remained constant. Ultimately, the applied methodological approach was effective for analysing large number of samples and provided unique insights into the material trends across different generations of mobile phones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108741"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-cycle carbon footprint and mitigation potentials of e-bikes in urban transport systems","authors":"Yifei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuxia Zou ,&nbsp;Yunchang Ding ,&nbsp;Zeguo Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruichang Mao ,&nbsp;Huabo Duan ,&nbsp;Jiakuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid escalating climate risks, electric bicycles (e-bikes) are emerging as a prominent low-carbon micromobility option in densely populated cities across China and Southeast Asia. However, their overall decarbonization potential has yet to be systematically and comprehensively quantified. Using a spatially explicit life-cycle assessment, we quantifie the carbon emissions and reduction potential of e-bikes in Chinese cities during 2025–2050. Results show that e-bikes emit 45 g CO₂e per kilometer, with a life-cycle footprint of 576–890 kg CO₂e, which is 48–64 % higher than earlier estimates due to more complete inventories and incorporation of provincial grid-intensity factors. In 2024, China’s e-bike sector generated 32.4 ± 1.3 Mt CO₂e, while reducing 7.4 Mt CO₂e through modal substitution, alongside annual reductions of 36 kt NOₓ and 15 kt SO₂. Looking ahead, strategic integration of e-bikes into urban mobility systems could offset 2.9–5.1 % of China’s urban transport emissions by 2050, underscoring their critical role in decarbonizing urban mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108758"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient lithium recovery from industrial lithium iron phosphate (LFP) blackmass using formic acid-enabled hydrometallurgy","authors":"Ayesha Tasawar ,&nbsp;Daniel Dotto Munchen ,&nbsp;Alexander Birich ,&nbsp;Rungsima Yeetsorn ,&nbsp;Walter Sebastian Scheld ,&nbsp;Waritnan Wanchan ,&nbsp;Benjamin Butz ,&nbsp;Bernd Friedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As millions of LFP batteries reach their end of life, the challenge of selectively extracting lithium from industrial blackmass, loaded with impurities, has become a focal point for sustainable innovation in battery recycling. However, industrial-scale LFP recycling remains technically challenging due to the complex composition of real battery waste, including high graphite content, binders, and metallic inclusions that undermine conventional leaching processes. In this research study, a selective, green hydrometallurgical approach tailored for impurity-rich LFP blackmass is presented. Using only trace (“hint of acid”) amounts of formic acid with hydrogen peroxide and two-step leaching, achieving ∼94.5% lithium extraction in the two-step formic acid route, whereas the trace sulfuric acid + H₂O₂ condition delivers the highest selectivity, reaching &gt;95% lithium recovery with negligible iron co-leaching, and producing lithium carbonate as an end product (confirmed by XRD and SEM) without the environmental burden of aggressive reagents or high-temperature treatment. Key to this process is careful control of solution pH and oxidation conditions, allowing a scalable, cost‑effective route to close the loop on LFP materials, and proving that the high‑yield lithium recovery and environmental responsibility can be achieved in the same process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108766"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource utilization of spent grains, an underutilized by-product from Chinese Baijiu brewing: Recent advances and prospects","authors":"Zhao Yang ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Bi Chen ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Ping Xiang ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Jianlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spent grains, as a by-product of Chinese Baijiu brewing, are increasing with the industrial development of Chinese Baijiu. The resource utilization of spent grains is crucial for the sustainable development of Chinese Baijiu enterprise and the realization of the dual carbon goal. This review firstly introduced the brewing process of solid-state fermented Baijiu, as well as the sources and composition of spent grains. Subsequently, the research progress of main twenty distinct methods for the resource utilization of spent grains was comprehensively summarized and evaluated based on recent studies, and categorized into three aspects: (1) direct utilization methods of nutrients and functional components in spent grains, (2) applications of spent grains in functional materials and energy supply, and (3) extraction and utilization methods of high value-added functional components in spent grains. Further, the latest progress in the industrial-scale resource utilization of spent grains implemented by Chinese Baijiu enterprises was reviewed. Finally, the challenges hindering the scaled-up production of spent grains resource utilization technologies were discussed, along with proposed future research directions. Only by integrating methods from diverse studies, optimizing high-value component extraction processes, and establishing multi-level cascading resource utilization systems-while minimizing waste emissions and resource loss during processing-can the full value of spent grains be realized. Coupled with policy incentives and market-driven promotion, such an integrated framework can drive the green and sustainable development of Chinese Baijiu industry and serve as a replicable model for global distilled spirits sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108711"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating circular pathways for nutrients in aquaculture using biochar","authors":"Efstathios Reppas-Chrysovitsinos ,&nbsp;Marta Behjat ,&nbsp;Niklas Wennberg ,&nbsp;Gregory Peters ,&nbsp;Magdalena Svanström","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global food production drives planetary-boundary transgressions, including nitrogen and phosphorus cycle disruption, land use change, and climate change. Increasing nutrient circularity can improve sustainability. This study explores an integrated approach that combines a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with biochar from forestry-residue pyrolysis to improve process-level nutrient retention while producing carbon-rich biochar with potential for soil-carbon storage upon land application. In RAS, biochar acts as a filter, capturing nutrients and transforming waste into nutrient-enriched biochar for agriculture. Substance Flow Analysis shows that integration increases nitrogen retention from 30.6 % to 44.6 % and phosphorus retention from 25.5 % to 99.6 % versus separate RAS and pyrolysis. This demonstrates the potential of linking aquaculture, forestry, and agriculture with biochar to support more circular and sustainable food production. This early-stage study examines how and to what extent the approach influences nutrient flows under different assumptions and evaluates a simple recovery-efficiency indicator for assessing circularity in integrated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108707"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just one more storey? The embodied greenhouse gas impacts of adding height, slab thickness, building code and design tranches","authors":"Avery Hoffer,&nbsp;Dr. Evan Bentz,&nbsp;Dr. Shoshanna Saxe","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Societies across the globe are simultaneously trying to build much more housing while drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is precipitating debates about the nature of sustainable housing. ‘Conventional wisdom’ holds that taller buildings are worse for the environment coinciding with longstanding skepticism of height, yet the research and data is often anecdotal or incomplete and contradictory. This paper contributes to the discussion by examining how building height affects embodied emissions for new 5-to-20 storey reinforced concrete residential buildings. We find that while height contributes to embodied emissions, its impact is smaller than slab thickness and design tranches within the studied storey range, which offer more effective opportunities to improve resource productivity, reduce material intensity and associated embodied emissions, without reducing building function. Our findings encourage a shift beyond height-based restrictions, urging designers and policy makers to focus on design decisions to conserve resources, lower emissions, and support circular-economy objectives</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108753"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and economic performance of sewage sludge-dominated organic solid waste management strategies from a life cycle perspective: co-treatment versus mono-treatment","authors":"Binbin Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Lanfeng Li ,&nbsp;Jing Ai ,&nbsp;Hang He ,&nbsp;Junxia Yu ,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synergistic advantages between organic solid wastes may facilitate a strategy shift from mono-management to co-management, while the implementation of these transformations should be considered in terms of its environmental and economic performance. This study utilized life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis to quantitatively assess the co-management and mono-management strategies for the incineration of sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid waste, composting of SS and pig manure, and anaerobic digestion (AD) of SS and food waste. The results showed that co-incineration resulted in a 7.67% decrease in feasibility, whereas co-composting and co-AD demonstrated increases of 76.50% and 21.36%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that global warming potential was positively correlated with SS addition in co-incineration and co-AD, but negatively in co-composting. This study recommends adopting co-management methods tailored to local conditions and optimizing waste composition to guide future policy towards more sustainable and safer waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 108737"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}