Bin Zhang , Yingnan Zhang , Zhaohua Wang , Zhenpo Wang , Zahoor Ahmed , Quocviet Bui , Nasir Mahmood
{"title":"Advancing the waste-energy-economy nexus research for carbon neutrality","authors":"Bin Zhang , Yingnan Zhang , Zhaohua Wang , Zhenpo Wang , Zahoor Ahmed , Quocviet Bui , Nasir Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 108487"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Felgel-Farnholz , Christian W. Klampfl , Paul J. Freud , Franz Rittmannsberger , Jörg Fischer
{"title":"GC–MS analysis of process-induced changes during mechanical recycling of PP and PS waste streams","authors":"Alexander Felgel-Farnholz , Christian W. Klampfl , Paul J. Freud , Franz Rittmannsberger , Jörg Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The uncertain origin of post-consumer plastic waste often complicates effective recycling, especially for food-contact materials (FCMs). Given the extensive range of potential applications, the number and concentration of possible contaminations is similarly vast. For this study, FCM waste was hand sorted, first by polymer type (PP and PS) and then by color fraction. The sorted waste was reprocessed along the mechanical recycling path: washing, extrusion, and solid-state decontamination (SSD). Changes in the analyte profile were monitored during each step by two separate methods for gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS). The research findings indicate that PP and PS were affected in different ways throughout the same recycling process chain, resulting in varying cleaning efficiencies for the individual processing steps. The outcome of this study showed that by considering the entire recycling pathway, it is possible to identify which parameter adjustments have the greatest impact on higher cleaning efficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 108496"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective recovery of trace elements from urine","authors":"Shuhui Xu , Wenlong Zhang , Peizhe Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Source-separated urine presents an exciting opportunity to reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers and support circular nutrient recovery. While various techniques have been proposed to recover nitrogen and phosphate from urine, trace element recovery remains underexplored. This study proposes a novel strategy for selectively recovering trace elements from source-separated urine using biocompatible and low-cost materials, <span>l</span>-DOPA modified biochar (M-BC), aimed at sustainable hydroponic trace nutrients supply. The M-BC achieved adsorption efficiencies of 100 %, 64.6 %, 50.1 %, 31.1 %, 15.7 %, and 6.4 % for Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn, and B, primarily through complexation. The hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion properties of M-BC surface prevented undesirable pharmaceutical adsorption. Sequential desorption using EDTA followed by HNO<sub>3</sub> effectively enhanced multi-element recovery. Hydroponic trials showed that lettuce grown with the recycled trace element solutions achieved comparable growth to those using standard Hoagland nutrient solutions. This study confirms the feasibility of selectively recovering trace elements for hydroponic agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 108499"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery of valuable metals from end-of-life Li-ion batteries: Technologies, progress, and perspectives","authors":"Payam Rasoulnia , Quan Chen , Xing Yang , Chao He","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles and electronics, the recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries (SLIBs) becomes crucial from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, there is a lack of holistic perspectives on developing sustainable technologies to advance the value chain of valuable metals from SLIBs. Thus, this review has systematically examined existing upstream and downstream technologies for metals recovery from SLIBs to figure out the trends of these technologies. For upstream recovery, the evolution of pyrometallurgical techniques was discussed, while applications of hydrometallurgical methods were comprehensively analyzed. Synthetic biology tools and metabolic engineering were recommended to enhance the tolerance of microorganisms in biohydrometallurgy towards its industrialization. We proposed that a tandem biological and hydrothermal leaching process could realize a robust and highly efficient metal leaching from SLIBs. Downstream separation technologies play a pivotal role in fractionation of metal ions. Membrane technologies are extensively compared for selective separation of specific metal ions and acids from SLIBs leachate. Despite the unique advantage in environmental friendliness over industrial solvent extraction and precipitation methods, an imbalance between selectivity and cost limits the commercialization of membrane technologies. Key features were specifically concluded for both conventional and emerging membrane processes. Through the analysis of the state-of-the-art and trends of industrial SLIBs recycling business, this review offers promising outlooks on technological development and industrialization based on the entire value chain. Eventually, this review promotes the recycling of valuable metals from SLIBs to a higher innovation level by adopting more sustainable and cost-efficient technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 108497"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipe M.J. Figueiredo , João P. Leal , João Bordado , Fernando Durão , Joaquim Marçalo , José P. Sardinha
{"title":"A comprehensive review on Y and Eu recovery from cathode-ray tube phosphors","authors":"Filipe M.J. Figueiredo , João P. Leal , João Bordado , Fernando Durão , Joaquim Marçalo , José P. Sardinha","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphors are essential components in lamps and monitors and major users of rare earths elements (REE) yttrium and europium. The use of cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) in monitors is declining worldwide as more efficient technologies emerge. Consequently, this sort of electronic waste accumulates untreated in recycling companies and warehouses. This review first provides an overview of the dismantling techniques used to collect CRT phosphors. Next, recycling processes of Y and Eu mixtures obtained from CRT phosphors are addressed, with particular focus on fundamental chemistry. Among the leaching approaches developed, some include high temperature pre-treatment, although most rarely improve REE recovery or selectivity. Separation approaches addressing REEs retrieving from leach liquors are not abundant in literature. However, some contributions employing phosphorated extracting agents revealed to efficiently produce REE-rich solutions with minimal contamination and will therefore receive more attention. Chemical precipitation is often applied thereafter to isolate REE-rich products, used as a less expensive method to obtain a less pure REE oxide in a first isolation step. Process optimisation, required for scale-up, is missing in most processing stages, and should deserve more attention from the research community. Also, sustainable recycling routes are scarce and should be explored in the future to improve sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 108481"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delamination of multilayer flexible packaging: a promising approach towards the recycling of their components. A review","authors":"Antonia Cerbone , Ida Palazzo , Anastasia Ceriello , Rachele Castaldo , Mariamelia Stanzione , Marino Lavorgna , Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore , Gennaro Gentile","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilayer/multimaterial films, widely used in flexible packaging, provide enhanced functionalities by combining polymeric and non-polymeric layers. However, the recycling of these films is particularly challenging because of their complex structure. Indeed, most waste currently end up in landfills or incinerators. This paper critically explores the rising interest in delamination technologies as a promising technique for recovering individual monomaterial layers, so enabling recycling and resource preservation. This review categorizes and evaluates the latest developments in delamination methods, such as acidic and alkaline treatments, switchable hydrophilic solvents, Diels-Alder chemistry, deep eutectic solvents, innovative adhesive systems, solvent combinations, and mechanical techniques. In conclusion, the potential of specific technologies for industrial scaling is emphasized, identifying present limits and suggesting directions for future research to improve performance, sustainability, and feasibility at larger scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108493"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Hoff , Benjamin Sprecher , Ahmad Ali Pohya , Gerko Wende , David Peck
{"title":"The impact of circular strategies on titanium supply and demand in the aviation industry","authors":"Tim Hoff , Benjamin Sprecher , Ahmad Ali Pohya , Gerko Wende , David Peck","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The supply of critical raw materials, especially titanium, poses a significant challenge for the aviation sector. Increased circularity is often proposed as a solution by industry and policymakers. However, the effects of circular strategies remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this paper analyses different circular strategies, namely recycling, a pure lifetime extension, and an enhanced lifetime extension that includes an engine aircraft, based on real-world data up to the year 2040. The findings indicate that recycling retired aircraft only marginally affects the required rising inflow of titanium by less than 5%. The engine upgrade strategy shows similar results. In contrast, a pure lifetime extension shows the greatest potential for mitigating supply constraints and can be further enhanced to a potential of more than 10% when combined with recycling. The results highlight the complexity of circular strategies and emphasise a stronger focus on lifetime extension for the aviation sector and other industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108476"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Shalchian, Pietro Romano, Soroush Rahmati, Ionela Birloaga, Valentina Innocenzi, Francesco Vegliò
{"title":"Innovative sulfation strategy for efficient recovery of rare earth elements from spent fluorescent lamp powder","authors":"Hossein Shalchian, Pietro Romano, Soroush Rahmati, Ionela Birloaga, Valentina Innocenzi, Francesco Vegliò","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from spent fluorescent lamp phosphors is essential for resource sustainability and circular hydrometallurgy. While yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu) can be recovered through simple acid leaching, extracting cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and terbium (Tb) from green phosphors is challenging due to their resistance to dissolution. This study presents a novel sulfation-based process at relatively low temperatures to selectively recover REEs, particularly Tb, while minimizing energy consumption and environmental impact by preventing sulfuric acid and mercury evaporation.</div><div>Initially, sulfuric acid leaching selectively recovered most of Y and Eu, leaving other REEs in the solid residue. These elements were then precipitated as a nearly pure REE oxalate mixture (>99 % purity). The effects of sulfation time, temperature, and acid-to-powder weight ratio were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Sulfation at 150 °C for 5 h enabled the recovery of nearly 100 % Ce and Gd, 98.01 % La, and 98.15 % Tb through water leaching. The mixed oxalate precipitate, enriched in La, Ce, and Tb, exhibited >98 % purity. SEM analysis revealed the formation of flower-like mixed REE oxides after calcination.</div><div>This process achieved high recovery efficiencies of 99.98 % Y, 100 % Eu, 99.92 % Ce, 97.22 % La, 97.68 % Tb, and 99.97 % Gd. By using only sulfuric and oxalic acid, it aligns with sustainable hydrometallurgy, reducing chemical diversity and enabling acid regeneration. This study provides an efficient, environmentally friendly approach for REE recovery from phosphor waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108495"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiao Yan Soh, Salvador Acha, Nilay Shah, Edward O’Dwyer
{"title":"Simultaneous design and control optimisation of combined rainwater harvesting and flood mitigation systems","authors":"Qiao Yan Soh, Salvador Acha, Nilay Shah, Edward O’Dwyer","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and operational parameters of large-scale rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems should be optimised for its local environment to maximise their efficiency. This paper looks to address the barriers in RWH system performances when their design and operational strategies are optimised separately. This is achieved using a framework which identifies a set of candidate optimal designs with their corresponding optimal control policies by optimising each possible combination of control policy and actuator location. The globally optimal configuration is then determined using a high-resolution simulation model that evaluates their performance under a wide range of historically observed rainfall profiles. When implemented for a RWH system in a tropical city, the optimal configuration was found to improve harvested water yields by 15%–27% in comparison to when only its design is optimised. The 15% improvement is also achieved with a 25% reduction in capacity, reducing spatial competition with other key utilities for the estate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108459"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen production potential from wind power in China by 2060","authors":"Jiaquan Li , Yi-Ming Wei , Lancui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen will play an important role in China's process of achieving carbon neutrality goals. This study systematically evaluated China's potential for hydrogen production from wind power until 2060. The results show that China has a combined land and sea area of approximately 5.40 million km<sup>2</sup> that is available for wind power generation, with a total installed capacity of 14.68 TW for wind-based hydrogen production, which can produce 712.86 million tons/year of hydrogen at the technological level of 2020. With the gradual improvement in the conversion efficiency of water electrolysis, it can increase to 902.96 million tons/year by 2060, which is equivalent to 6.94–10.04 times China's total hydrogen demand in that year. In terms of the spatial distribution, China's wind power potential is mainly concentrated in the five provinces of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and offshore, and their hydrogen production potential accounts for 86.82 % of China's total.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108492"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}