Resources Conservation and Recycling最新文献

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Beyond sorting: using sensor-based sorter data for real-time throughput and composition monitoring 超越分类:使用基于传感器的分类器数据进行实时吞吐量和成分监控
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108570
Sabine Schlögl , Bastian Küppers , Daniel Vollprecht , Roland Pomberger , Alexia Tischberger-Aldrian
{"title":"Beyond sorting: using sensor-based sorter data for real-time throughput and composition monitoring","authors":"Sabine Schlögl ,&nbsp;Bastian Küppers ,&nbsp;Daniel Vollprecht ,&nbsp;Roland Pomberger ,&nbsp;Alexia Tischberger-Aldrian","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern sorting plants for lightweight packaging waste (mainly plastics, metals and compounds) can operate with up to 50 sensor-based sorters (SBS), generating large volumes of material flow data. This study presents the first systematic evaluation of SBS data for real-time, inline monitoring of throughput (0.1–17.5 t/h) and input composition (eject shares 5–50%). Two fractions were examined: larger polyethylene “chips” sorted by color via visible light (VIS) cameras, and smaller “flakes” of various polymers sorted by near-infrared (NIR) technology. Formulas converting pixel counts to mass-based metrics were developed, while artificial intelligence was deliberately avoided to highlight the inherent potential of pixel data. Monitoring accuracy depended strongly on particle overlap, measured by the superposition factor (fsp). For fsp&lt;1.05, median throughput deviations were +0.3% (chips) and −11.6% (flakes); composition deviations were +3.9% and +2.4%, respectively. If the outlined challenges are considered, the technology can be used in realistic conditions of plant operation (fsp&lt;1.25).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108570"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel approach to forecasting product end-of-life circularity from material compositions using a hybrid autoencoder-predictor model 使用混合自动编码器-预测器模型从材料成分预测产品寿命终止循环的新方法
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108573
Roger Vergés, Kàtia Gaspar, Núria Forcada
{"title":"A novel approach to forecasting product end-of-life circularity from material compositions using a hybrid autoencoder-predictor model","authors":"Roger Vergés,&nbsp;Kàtia Gaspar,&nbsp;Núria Forcada","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction and demolition activities are a major source of industrial waste, yet material end-of-life circularity and traceability remain poorly understood. This study addresses the challenge of forecasting end-of-life pathways from building material compositions by introducing a hybrid autoencoder–predictor model. The approach encodes material profiles into continuous embeddings and considers additional design parameters to predict probable end-of-life scenarios. Trained on 8,680 environmental product declaration-derived samples, the model achieved a mean error of 0.01%, MAE of 3.3%, RMSE of 6.2%, and R² = 0.82. Results identify key materials that enable recycling and highlight the importance of design-for-disassembly and recycled content in guiding end-of-life decisions. Besides, findings also reveal that end-of-life reporting practices are somewhat inconsistent, especially for reuse, filling, reconditioning, and composting, highlighting opportunities for policy and reporting standard enhancements. By enabling probabilistic forecasting of end-of-life outcomes, this tool supports transparent material traceability and informs procurement, policy development, and sustainable design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108573"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct lithium extraction using Australian spodumene refinery residue: a waste to value approach 利用澳大利亚锂辉石精炼厂废渣直接提锂:废物转化为价值的方法
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108574
Abdul Hannan Asif , Chao Li , Hazel Lim , Rajesh Sharma , Hongqi Sun
{"title":"Direct lithium extraction using Australian spodumene refinery residue: a waste to value approach","authors":"Abdul Hannan Asif ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Hazel Lim ,&nbsp;Rajesh Sharma ,&nbsp;Hongqi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium extraction from hard rocks generates a substantial amount of solid waste, i.e., leached spodumene residue. This work contributes to developing a characteristic understanding of this waste residue and evaluating its potential application in direct lithium extraction. Firstly, the residue was comprehensively analysed through advanced characterisation techniques. Subsequently, the material was applied for direct lithium extraction from simulated brine, achieving an optimal adsorption capacity of 14.25 mg·g<sup>-1</sup> at 90 °C and pH 12.43. Mechanistic and kinetic studies revealed an ion-exchange process (H<sup>+</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup>), facilitated by the porous channels inside the structure. Further investigations into competing cations and reusability revealed a selectivity order of Li⁺ &gt; Na⁺ &gt; K⁺ &gt; Mg<sup>2+</sup>, with respective separation factors of 10.94, 12.40, and 16.84, underscoring the material’s strong potential for practical brine processing. This waste-to-value approach not only minimises the environmental concerns but also enhances resource utilisation across the overall lithium economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108574"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal changes and drivers of net greenhouse gas emissions from major cropping systems in China during 1984–2018 1984-2018年中国主要种植制度温室气体净排放时空变化及其驱动因素
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108569
Lichang Yin , Fulu Tao , Yi Chen , Yicheng Wang , Philippe Ciais , Pete Smith
{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes and drivers of net greenhouse gas emissions from major cropping systems in China during 1984–2018","authors":"Lichang Yin ,&nbsp;Fulu Tao ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Yicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Philippe Ciais ,&nbsp;Pete Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gas emissions from croplands. However, the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of net greenhouse gas emissions (NGEs) in Chinese major cropping systems have not been well identified. Here, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of NGEs from 21 cropping systems at the province level over 1984–2018 and their 13 major drivers using process-based and statistical models with updated datasets. The total NGEs increased by 36.7 % (30.1 %∼41.7 %) during this period, reaching 821.4 (682.1∼952.4) Tg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq yr<sup>-1</sup> in 2018, due to the significantly increased harvest area and per unit area NGEs. Among the four components of NGEs, the CO<sub>2</sub>-eq emissions associated with agricultural management contributed most. Single rice, vegetables, early-late rice, winter wheat-single rice, spring maize, and winter wheat-summer maize rotation systems were the top six emitters. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer application, rice cultivation and initial soil organic carbon change were the primary drivers. Our findings identify the priority areas, cropping systems and drivers to mitigate NGEs, facilitating the realization of low-carbon and green agriculture in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108569"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Re)Use it or not: Operational disposition decisions depending on product and organization type (再)是否使用:根据产品和组织类型决定运营配置
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108541
Sabrina Rosa Rinder , Gernot Lechner , Marc Reimann , Verena Kraßnig
{"title":"(Re)Use it or not: Operational disposition decisions depending on product and organization type","authors":"Sabrina Rosa Rinder ,&nbsp;Gernot Lechner ,&nbsp;Marc Reimann ,&nbsp;Verena Kraßnig","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of the circular economy depends on <em>how</em> used products remain in the cycle. For each used product, a specific recovery strategy must be selected through operational disposition decisions. Despite their significance, little is known about how organizations make these decisions. Existing research emphasizes strategic-tactical perspectives and focuses on electronics. This study explores how reuse organizations make operational disposition decisions using a mixed-methods design, incorporating semi-structured interviews and survey data. We address key gaps by (1) analyzing the operational dimension of disposition, (2) including multiple product types, and (3) comparing for-profit and non-profit organizations. Our analysis identifies 14 decision factors, with three consistently important across product types: the amount and type of defects, used materials and processing quality, and demand. Notably, we observe significant differences across product and organizational types. Our findings enhance understanding of operational decision-making, inform decision-support tools, and contribute to more efficient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108541"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A knowledge based method for estimating the material content value of end of life PCBs 一种基于知识的报废pcb材料含量估算方法
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561
Paolo Citterio, Francesco Baiguera, Marcello Colledani
{"title":"A knowledge based method for estimating the material content value of end of life PCBs","authors":"Paolo Citterio,&nbsp;Francesco Baiguera,&nbsp;Marcello Colledani","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>End-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a high-value but complex waste stream, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that lack access to cost-effective recovery technologies. Manual sorting remains the industry norm, hindered by the absence of scalable, automated tools for real-time characterization. This limits material recovery and reduces profitability.</div><div>This study introduces a novel, knowledge-based method for PCB characterization that estimates the recoverable value of gold, silver, and copper, metals which account for approximately 90 % of a PCB’s total material value, based on the number, size, and geometric features of surface-mounted components. While individual metal content estimations show a mean absolute percentage error of 23.3 %, the method correctly predicted the grade classification of all but one PCB types in a representative validation sample.</div><div>This is the first approach to enable low-cost, inline estimation of PCB material grade using component-level visual analysis. By supporting automated, value-based sorting, the method offers a practical and scalable solution for SME recyclers, improving both economic viability and material recovery in electronic waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108561"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forecasting silver demand and supply by 2030: Impact of silver-intensive photovoltaic cells and sectoral competition 预测2030年白银需求和供应:银密集型光伏电池和行业竞争的影响
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108562
Vittoria Cattaneo , Justine Mast , Isadora Hackenhaar , Steve Nardone , Stijn Scheerlinck , Jan Mertens , Jo Dewulf
{"title":"Forecasting silver demand and supply by 2030: Impact of silver-intensive photovoltaic cells and sectoral competition","authors":"Vittoria Cattaneo ,&nbsp;Justine Mast ,&nbsp;Isadora Hackenhaar ,&nbsp;Steve Nardone ,&nbsp;Stijn Scheerlinck ,&nbsp;Jan Mertens ,&nbsp;Jo Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The availability of raw materials is a key challenge for the expansion of solar energy to the levels needed to mitigate climate change. Therefore, understanding material demand and supply chains is crucial to avoid bottlenecks and enable the transition to sustainable energy. This research examines the global silver requirements of the photovoltaic industry under various deployment and technology trends, along with silver demand from competing industries, to provide a comprehensive supply-demand outlook. The results indicate that by 2030, supply may meet only 62–70 % of demand, which is projected at 48,000–54,000 t/y. The solar industry is expected to be the fastest-growing source of silver demand, reaching 10,000–14,000 t/y (29–41 % of supply). Despite slower growth, demand from competing sectors may rise to 38,000–40,000 t/y. As 72 % of primary silver is produced as co-product, significant expansion of primary output by 2030 is unlikely. Reducing silver consumption in all applications, identifying suitable substitutes, and expanding secondary production are essential to mitigate supply risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108562"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine learning in life cycle assessment and low carbon material discovery: Challenges and pathways forward for the construction industry 生命周期评估和低碳材料发现中的机器学习:建筑行业的挑战和前进道路
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108567
Andrés Martínez , Jin Fan , Sabbie A. Miller
{"title":"Machine learning in life cycle assessment and low carbon material discovery: Challenges and pathways forward for the construction industry","authors":"Andrés Martínez ,&nbsp;Jin Fan ,&nbsp;Sabbie A. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we explore machine learning (ML) integration within life cycle assessment (LCA) frameworks across diverse domains, emphasizing its transformative potential for assessing and mitigating environmental impacts in the construction industry. The literature shows that implementing ML can significantly enhance life cycle inventory modeling, predict environmental impacts more accurately, and facilitate decision-making and interpretability in various life cycle stages. Additionally, subfields like deep learning (DL) are advancing material development and optimization, which could be paired with other metrics to systematically determine low-carbon material alternatives faster than humans can. Despite notable advances through the use of ML, challenges such as data integration, model generalization, and standardization persist. We highlight some key areas of future research that would potentially overcome these barriers and advance the ability to rapidly address pressing environmental concerns. Finally, to provide initial context for how ML algorithms can be used to advance materials sustainability in the construction industry, we present a summary of their implementation in some ventures and impacts tied to the utilization of this rapidly evolving technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108567"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors: CO₂ emission characteristics and mitigation pathways for steel, aluminum, and cement in China 脱碳难减部门:中国钢铁、铝和水泥的CO₂排放特征和减缓途径
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108568
Yuxing Yuan , Lei Zhang , Jingchao Sun , Su Yan , Tao Du , Hongming Na
{"title":"Decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors: CO₂ emission characteristics and mitigation pathways for steel, aluminum, and cement in China","authors":"Yuxing Yuan ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingchao Sun ,&nbsp;Su Yan ,&nbsp;Tao Du ,&nbsp;Hongming Na","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel, aluminum, and cement industries are among the most energy- and carbon-intensive sectors globally. Systematically identifying their carbon emission characteristics and key mitigation pathways is critical for achieving industrial low-carbon transitions. However, existing studies lack comprehensive comparative analyses of product-level CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and their driving factors across different technological routes, making decarbonization pathways for these high-emission industries unclear. This study adopts a material flow analysis approach to evaluate the unit product CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of six typical manufacturing processes in China's steel, aluminum, and cement industries. Results show that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for crude steel production under the Blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace, hydrogen-based direct reduction iron, and Scrap-based electric arc furnace routes are 1891.92, 1198.66, and 759.24 kgCO₂/t-s respectively, while those for primary and secondary aluminum are 16,648.21 and 612.04 kgCO₂/t-al, respectively. Cement production emits 623.5 kgCO₂/t-c. In addition, scenario analysis indicates that by 2060, compared to 2023 levels, combined mitigation strategies could reduce China's emissions by 70%–90%. The steel industry should prioritize the development of hydrogen-based metallurgy and electric arc furnace technologies, the aluminum industry should accelerate the use of green electricity and increase the share of secondary aluminum, and the cement industry should strengthen the deployment of CCUS for achieving carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108568"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More effective synergies to reduce carbon and air pollutants in economically dynamic regions 更有效的协同作用,以减少经济活跃地区的碳和空气污染物
IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学
Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108566
Xiaorong Zhang , Linyu Xu , Lei Chen , Hanzhong Zheng
{"title":"More effective synergies to reduce carbon and air pollutants in economically dynamic regions","authors":"Xiaorong Zhang ,&nbsp;Linyu Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Hanzhong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying and quantifying the key pollutants that link CO<sub>2</sub> and air pollutants (APs) is critical to achieving effective synergistic effects, yet existing research is very limited. Therefore, this study proposed an \"EIQ\" comprehensive analysis framework aimed at improving the efficiency of synergistic emission reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and APs. It identified the APs with the best synergistic effect with CO<sub>2</sub> from multiple perspectives, and then constructed a quantitative assessment model for CO<sub>2</sub> and APs by combining the LMDI and econometric model. We applied the \"EIQ\" framework to the industrial sector of Guangdong. Economically developed regions exhibit greater synergistic effects between CO<sub>2</sub> and APs. NOx shows a high synergistic effect with CO<sub>2</sub> compared to other APs during 2012-2021. The contribution of the synergy effect to NOx emission reduction gradually increases over time. CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction significantly affects NOx emission reduction, with every 1 Mt decrease in CO<sub>2</sub> reducing NOx by 1873 tons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108566"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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