一种基于知识的报废pcb材料含量估算方法

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561

Paolo Citterio, Francesco Baiguera, Marcello Colledani

{"title":"一种基于知识的报废pcb材料含量估算方法","authors":"Paolo Citterio, Francesco Baiguera, Marcello Colledani","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>End-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a high-value but complex waste stream, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that lack access to cost-effective recovery technologies. Manual sorting remains the industry norm, hindered by the absence of scalable, automated tools for real-time characterization. This limits material recovery and reduces profitability.</div><div>This study introduces a novel, knowledge-based method for PCB characterization that estimates the recoverable value of gold, silver, and copper, metals which account for approximately 90 % of a PCB’s total material value, based on the number, size, and geometric features of surface-mounted components. While individual metal content estimations show a mean absolute percentage error of 23.3 %, the method correctly predicted the grade classification of all but one PCB types in a representative validation sample.</div><div>This is the first approach to enable low-cost, inline estimation of PCB material grade using component-level visual analysis. By supporting automated, value-based sorting, the method offers a practical and scalable solution for SME recyclers, improving both economic viability and material recovery in electronic waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 108561"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A knowledge based method for estimating the material content value of end of life PCBs\",\"authors\":\"Paolo Citterio, Francesco Baiguera, Marcello Colledani\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108561\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>End-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a high-value but complex waste stream, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that lack access to cost-effective recovery technologies. Manual sorting remains the industry norm, hindered by the absence of scalable, automated tools for real-time characterization. This limits material recovery and reduces profitability.</div><div>This study introduces a novel, knowledge-based method for PCB characterization that estimates the recoverable value of gold, silver, and copper, metals which account for approximately 90 % of a PCB’s total material value, based on the number, size, and geometric features of surface-mounted components. While individual metal content estimations show a mean absolute percentage error of 23.3 %, the method correctly predicted the grade classification of all but one PCB types in a representative validation sample.</div><div>This is the first approach to enable low-cost, inline estimation of PCB material grade using component-level visual analysis. By supporting automated, value-based sorting, the method offers a practical and scalable solution for SME recyclers, improving both economic viability and material recovery in electronic waste management.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21153,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Resources Conservation and Recycling\",\"volume\":\"224 \",\"pages\":\"Article 108561\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Resources Conservation and Recycling\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344925004380\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344925004380","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

报废印刷电路板（pcb）是一种高价值但复杂的废物流，特别是对于缺乏成本效益回收技术的中小型企业（SMEs）。由于缺乏可扩展的自动化实时表征工具，人工分类仍然是行业规范。这限制了材料的回收，降低了盈利能力。本研究介绍了一种新颖的、基于知识的PCB表征方法，该方法根据表面安装组件的数量、尺寸和几何特征，估计金、银和铜的可回收价值，这些金属约占PCB总材料价值的90%。虽然单个金属含量估计的平均绝对百分比误差为23.3%，但该方法正确预测了代表性验证样品中除一种PCB类型外的所有PCB类型的等级分类。这是使用组件级可视化分析实现PCB材料等级低成本在线估计的第一种方法。通过支持自动化的、基于价值的分类，该方法为中小企业回收商提供了一个实用的、可扩展的解决方案，提高了电子废物管理的经济可行性和材料回收率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

A knowledge based method for estimating the material content value of end of life PCBs

查看原文本刊更多论文

A knowledge based method for estimating the material content value of end of life PCBs

End-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a high-value but complex waste stream, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that lack access to cost-effective recovery technologies. Manual sorting remains the industry norm, hindered by the absence of scalable, automated tools for real-time characterization. This limits material recovery and reduces profitability.

This study introduces a novel, knowledge-based method for PCB characterization that estimates the recoverable value of gold, silver, and copper, metals which account for approximately 90 % of a PCB’s total material value, based on the number, size, and geometric features of surface-mounted components. While individual metal content estimations show a mean absolute percentage error of 23.3 %, the method correctly predicted the grade classification of all but one PCB types in a representative validation sample.

This is the first approach to enable low-cost, inline estimation of PCB material grade using component-level visual analysis. By supporting automated, value-based sorting, the method offers a practical and scalable solution for SME recyclers, improving both economic viability and material recovery in electronic waste management.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.