{"title":"Decarbonizing Mongolia: An integrated structural path and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions (2015–2021)","authors":"Shubo Ma , Xiuzhi Hua , Jingru Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mongolia exemplifies the developmental paradigm of small, low-industrialized developing economies, striving to address the dual challenges of socio-economic development and entrenched carbon dependency. This study establishes an environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) model for Mongolia's energy-related carbon emissions from 2015 to 2022. Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) and Structural Path Analysis (SPA) were systematically employed to quantify indirect emissions across sectors, identify primary drivers of carbon emissions, and map key carbon transmission pathways across sectors. Results indicate that Mongolia's total carbon emissions peaked at 97.03 MT in 2019, followed by a gradual decline, reflecting the initial effectiveness of improved energy efficiency. Production structure changes (26.87 %) drove pre-2019 emissions growth, while post-2019, carbon intensity reductions (-19.85 %) contributed most to mitigation, though efficiency gains alone remain insufficient. The Ele and Min sectors dominate cross-sectoral carbon flow, necessitating the implementation of sector-specific mitigation policies to address structural emission dependencies and transition pathway complexities. This study provides specific policy recommendations for Mongolia's decarbonization efforts, while the findings also highlight the importance and effectiveness of small, low-industrialized economies achieving sustainable low-carbon transitions within an international cooperation framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108422"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva S. Cohen , Lisanne H.J.A. Kouwenberg , Hannah V. Dürager , Lynn E. Snijder , Jesse Lammerts , Martijn van Bodegraven , Dionne S. Kringos , Nicolaas H. Sperna Weiland , Wouter J.K. Hehenkamp
{"title":"Environmental impact of minimally invasive procedures: life cycle assessment of two hospital care pathways","authors":"Eva S. Cohen , Lisanne H.J.A. Kouwenberg , Hannah V. Dürager , Lynn E. Snijder , Jesse Lammerts , Martijn van Bodegraven , Dionne S. Kringos , Nicolaas H. Sperna Weiland , Wouter J.K. Hehenkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The healthcare sector significantly contributes to global environmental impacts, with minimally invasive procedures being particularly resource- and energy-intensive. This study at a Dutch tertiary hospital quantified the environmental impacts of two minimally invasive treatments in gynecology: total laparoscopic hysterectomy (surgical) and uterine artery embolization (non-surgical). Using comparative life cycle assessment, the study evaluated care pathways from outpatient appointments to follow-up, based on 40 waste inventories, considering material production, energy use, pharmaceutical production, sterilization, transport, waste disposal, and recycling. Hysterectomy generated 7.9 kg waste and 120 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, while embolization produced 3.9 kg waste and 39 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. Including hospitalization, total emissions were 215 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq for hysterectomy and 186 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq for embolization. Key environmental hotspots included patient and staff travel, electricity consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and single-use items. These findings highlight critical areas for reducing resource use and environmental impacts, advancing the transformation of healthcare systems toward more sustainable clinical practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108441"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangbo Xu , Yue Xu , Ziyi Zhou , Mingxing Sun , Yunli Bai , Linxiu Zhang
{"title":"Dual growth of green total factor productivity and greenhouse gas emission intensity of smallholder farms in China: Trends and misallocation","authors":"Xiangbo Xu , Yue Xu , Ziyi Zhou , Mingxing Sun , Yunli Bai , Linxiu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving green production efficiency while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential for China’s sustainable agriculture. However, precise measurements of these two indicators at the household and crop levels and the mechanisms underlying their misallocation remain limited. Using two phases of first-hand tracked survey data from rural China (2000 households per phase) and applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and Super-SBM model, we reveal that between 2018 and 2022, GHG emission intensity (GEI) and green total factor productivity (GTFP) increased by 12.2 % and 7.7 %, respectively. The rise in GEI was primarily driven by increased fertilizer use, while the improvement in GTFP was driven by yield-enhancing effects from higher input levels. Production factor misallocation was evident, particularly in land, capital, and other inputs, whereas labor misallocation was minimal. Achieving simultaneous reductions in GEI and improvements in GTFP require adjustments in crop planting structure and the level of production factor inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108421"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla R.V. Coelho , Pål Börjesson , Henrik G. Smith
{"title":"Understanding land use impacts of croplands on biodiversity through UNEP’s Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment","authors":"Carla R.V. Coelho , Pål Börjesson , Henrik G. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a global retrospective assessment, this study quantifies the potential impacts of croplands on biodiversity using the UNEP-Life Cycle Initiative’s recommended method for land use that was proposed by the GLAM consensus working group for Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators and Methods. The findings show the importance of using tools that account for both occupied area and the potential impact of each specific location. Approximately 20 countries account for 75 % of the potential land-use impact on biodiversity. While countries with large areas occupied by cropland contributed most to the overall impact, some countries with relatively low contributions to the area occupied contributed disproportionately. The study explores critical methodological considerations, such as the risk of double-counting impact drivers when using endpoint indicators, the need for more precise land-use intensity classifications, and the current limitations of characterization factors in guiding biodiversity impact mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108420"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ao Shen , Jialiang Zhang , Yongqiang Chen , Chengyan Wang
{"title":"Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature","authors":"Ao Shen , Jialiang Zhang , Yongqiang Chen , Chengyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for sustainable renewable resources and environmental protection. Low lithium recovery efficiency and high energy consumption are the main problems in current recycling technologies for black mass of spent NCM batteries. This study innovatively applies flash joule heating (FJH) to preferentially recover lithium from industrial raw materials. We firstly revealed the Li-phase conversion behavior under nonequilibrium high temperature state. At the optimal FJH condition (1400 °C, 90 s), main Li-phases convert into Li<sub>2</sub>O and Li<sub>5</sub>AlO<sub>4</sub>, while the transition metals reduce to elemental forms and low-valence oxides. The Li-phase conversion behavior and FJH characteristics matched excellently, enabling 91.8 % selectively lithium extraction by water. Ni, Co, and Mn are recovered via sulfuric acid leaching with over 98 % efficiencies. This innovative method offers a new pathway for recycling spent LIBs in both theory and technology, and extremely appealing for its energy conservation and high recovery efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108433"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional electric vehicle roadmap and strategy in Japan based on a lifecycle optimization model","authors":"Yuya Nakamoto , Ryosuke Yokoi , Shohei Tokito","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle electrification reduces well-to-wheel emissions but may not lower lifecycle CO<sub>2</sub> (LC-CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. This study uses a lifecycle optimization (LCO) model to identify the optimal fuel type progression to minimize LC-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. By combining LCO with product stock-flow analysis, we extend optimization from individuals to regions and from a single year to 2020–2050, establishing a regional electrification roadmap using Japan as a case study. The optimal strategy outperforms other measures in emission reduction. Battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption reduces well-to-wheel and domestic LC-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, aiding to reach the national target. However, if global LC-CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are not effectively mitigated, optimization may require limiting BEV sales to 15 %. In addition, meeting domestic targets may increase emission transfers to other regions, as BEV transfers are higher than other fuel types. To ensure BEVs contribute to global emission reductions, their deployment must be paired with lifecycle and international supply chain emission reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108437"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling risk propagation in the copper value chain: A firm-level network analysis","authors":"Qiyan Liu , Peter Adriaens","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the copper value chain through firm-level, temporal, and multi-tier network analysis to explore risk propagation and structural evolution. By incorporating relationship duration as an edge weight in a cascading failure model, this study identifies critical firms based on their connectivity and vulnerability to disruptions. This granular approach captures the roles of both public and private firms, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the value chain. Community detection and backbone filtration reveal that while cascading failures are generally contained within tightly connected groups, key firms in metal mining and industrial machinery show significant systemic influence. Additionally, the results highlight the critical role of supporting industries beyond the core copper supply chain in ensuring overall resilience. These insights highlight the necessity of dynamic and cross-sectoral risk mitigation strategies to enhance stability and minimize disruptions in the copper value chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108435"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Qi , Chunyang He , Qiang Ren , Yida Wang , Shengpeng Cao
{"title":"Dual effects on vegetation caused by urban expansion in global drylands: Insights from the enhanced vegetation disturbance index","authors":"Tao Qi , Chunyang He , Qiang Ren , Yida Wang , Shengpeng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drylands account for approximately 40 % of the global vegetation productivity and serve as critical regions for advancing global sustainable development. In the context of rapid urbanization, accurately evaluating the urban expansion-induced effects on vegetation in drylands helps optimize urban land use and foster sustainable growth in dryland cities. Focusing on the rapidly urbanizing and ecologically fragile global drylands, this study evaluated the positive and negative effects on vegetation caused by urban expansion based on the enhanced vegetation disturbance index. The results revealed that global drylands underwent substantial but uneven urban expansion for the period 2000–2020, with urban land increasing from 91,869 km² to 199,013 km², a growth of 107,144 km², reaching an annual expansion rate of 3.9 %. Urban expansion-induced negative effects covered 13,427 km², concentrated in semiarid and dry subhumid regions, while positive effects encompassed 10,545 km², mainly distributed in semiarid regions. Across the spatial gradient from dry subhumid to hyper-arid regions, the effects on vegetation gradually shifted from being predominantly negative to predominantly positive. Climatic conditions and human activities jointly shaped the different effects on vegetation in drylands. These different effects may lead to complex consequences. Therefore, it is suggested to implement scientific land planning and efficient resource utilization during urban expansion in drylands, focusing on protecting existing vegetation, reasonably increasing urban green space, and promoting the coordination of ecological conservation and socio-economic development to ensure the long-term sustainability of dryland cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108438"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Ray , Bowen Gu , Julia Radomski , Cynthia Sanborn
{"title":"Development finance and critical minerals: opportunities for supporting sustainability and inclusion through patient capital","authors":"Rebecca Ray , Bowen Gu , Julia Radomski , Cynthia Sanborn","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 108424"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bashayer Nafe Alsulami , Jonathon Harwell , Guillaume Zante , Andrew P. Abbott , Andrew Feeney , Jeff Kettle
{"title":"Hybrid delamination of silver contacts from c-Si solar cells: a low environmental impact recycling approach","authors":"Bashayer Nafe Alsulami , Jonathon Harwell , Guillaume Zante , Andrew P. Abbott , Andrew Feeney , Jeff Kettle","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems intensify amidst the shift towards renewable energy sources, the imperative to minimise their environmental footprint across the full life cycle has become increasingly critical. Here, we introduce a novel Hybrid process for recovering silver (Ag) from monocrystalline silicon (Si) PV cells that achieves a 93 % Ag recovery yield. By selectively removing aluminium (Al) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and delaminating busbars using iron chloride (FeCl₃), pure Ag is recovered by mechanical filtration, minimising purification needs. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) indicated reduced climate change and human toxicity burdens compared to Conventional or Brine-based leaching, attributed to lower reagent consumption and fewer purification steps. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) highlighted cost challenges, indicating net losses due to high waste disposal fees and chemical usage, despite substantial revenue from recovered Ag. These findings highlight the critical role of high-value recycling and supportive policies in advancing a sustainable PV industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 108429"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}