{"title":"Revealing contaminants in China's recycled PET: Enabling safe food contact applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of data on chemical contamination in recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) in food contact applications, impedes the legalization of rPET in food contact applications in China. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of contaminants in hot-washed rPET flakes, identifying 1011 compounds. While most substances were detected infrequently, some i.e., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons stood out for their relatively high average concentrations. Limonene emerged as the most frequently detected flavorants. Rare genotoxic compounds like safrole and diethyl sulfate were detected at low levels, emphasizing the importance of adopting a conservative evaluation approach. Molecular descriptor analysis guided the proposal of four new surrogates, i.e., dimethyl pentanedioate, 2-tridecanone, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone, for challenge tests, aiming to better capture the chemical diversity of rPET contaminants. This research unveils the contamination profile of Chinese rPET and suggests adjustments to evaluation protocols, potentially facilitating its high-value applications and minimizing potential harms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainability assessment framework for integrated seawater desalination and resource recovery: A participatory approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valuable and rare materials in seawater brine are often discarded during desalination. However, there is an increasing focus on recovering these resources, due to the economic and environmental opportunities it can bring. Despite this shift, current Sustainability Assessments (SA) in desalination overlook the brine handling and social dimensions, and brine treatment assessments remain centered on techno-economic dimensions. This work proposes a comprehensive framework for the SA of integrated desalination and resource recovery options, focusing on recovering valuable materials from brine. The framework not only evaluates pre-defined systems but supports the identification of system features of interest, such as products to assess and technologies to include, as well as the transparent selection of indicators, considering specific contexts. To develop this framework, a review of the literature on SA in desalination and brine treatment systems was conducted. Looking at the identified gaps, we synthesized the findings and key messages and proposed the integration of Multi-Criteria Analysis and Value-Sensitive Design in the decision-making process. This allows stakeholders to be involved and incorporates their values at different stages of the assessment, making it distinct from traditional SA methods. This framework offers structured guidance to stakeholders on how to carry out qualitative and quantitative assessments while ensuring transparency in the assessment process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of Phosphogypsum utilization in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of the phosphate fertilizer industry, poses significant environmental challenges due to its huge production and complex composition. Efficient and large-scale utilization of PG remains a global issue. China, as the world's largest producer and discharger of PG, faces a relatively low utilization rate and urgently needs effective management strategies. This study evaluates the environmental and economic performance of the main PG treatment pathways in China using life cycle assessment (LCA). The results reveal notable benefits for all three utilization technologies, with sulfuric acid co-production cement (PSC) offering the greatest environmental advantages and β-building gypsum (PBG) providing the highest economic benefits. Scenario analysis suggests PSC as the most effective strategy for achieving dual environmental and economic gains, making it a strong candidate for large-scale implementation. These findings provide critical insights for future PG management strategies in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for crop straw management in China's major grain regions: Yield-driven conditions and factors influencing the effectiveness of straw return","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailoring straw return strategies to specific regional conditions optimize soil health, crop yield, and carbon emission reduction. This study investigated yield-driven, spatial-scale, and long-term strategies for straw return of maize, rice, and wheat cultivation in China. Through a meta-analysis of 108 studies and the application of a machine learning model, the yield effects of straw return were thoroughly examined. Nitrogen fertilizer inputs were identified having the most significant impact on yield, and the yield benefits of straw return stabilized after approximately 13 years. A optimized strategy for straw return was developed for provinces in China, resulting in average yield increases of 13.9 % for maize, 12.2 % for wheat, and 14.0 % for rice. Implementing these locally adapted straw return strategies will contribute to the long-term development of sustainable agriculture in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reclaimed water treatment life cycle inventory dataset for China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the net carbon removal potential by a combination of direct air capture and recycled concrete aggregates carbonation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Removing and storing CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere has an important role in combating climate change. This study assessed the CO<sub>2</sub> removal potential of combining direct air capture with carbonation of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs). An industrial-scale RCA carbonation process model quantified key parameters' impacts on carbonation duration and energy consumption. Furthermore, a lifecycle analysis evaluated scenarios of two cases: (i) using pure CO<sub>2</sub> with transportation between DAC and carbonation, and (ii) onsite production of low-purity CO<sub>2</sub>. For 90 % carbonation of 1 tonne of RCA, the performance of case-i scenarios ranged from ∼13 kg net CO<sub>2</sub> removal to ∼14 kg net CO<sub>2</sub> emission, influenced by DAC technology, transport option, and electricity carbon intensity. In case-ii scenarios, 1 % CO<sub>2</sub> feed purity achieved 70 % greater CO<sub>2</sub> removal than using pure CO<sub>2</sub>. This work provides an initial indication of the potential of this scheme while revealing key factors to investigate in future experimental exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compatibility analysis of waste polymer recycling in asphalt binder using molecular descriptor and graph neural network","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of waste polymers for valuable use is important for circular economy and environmental sustainability. This study introduces a novel approach to evaluating the compatibility between waste polymers and asphalt binders using advanced molecular representation models. The solubility parameters of waste polymers were predicted using traditional machine learning (ML) models and geometry-enhanced graph neural network (GeoGNN), respectively. The compatibility index was then calculated based on the absolute difference between the solubility parameters of polymers and asphalt. Results indicate that GeoGNN outperforms traditional ML and other GNN models due to its superior ability to capture complex spatial structures. The study also identifies key molecular descriptors that significantly influence solubility parameters of waste polymers. Given the variability in asphalt binder composition, the most compatible waste polymers differ across binders, making the data-driven approach especially valuable. The GeoGNN model greatly enhances the ability to assess compatibility in the polymer-asphalt system. This complements experimental techniques by integrating geometric information to analyze molecular features uncovering the structure-property relationship of material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep learning-based construction and demolition plastic waste classification by resin type using RGB images","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction and demolition sector generates a substantial portion of Australia's total waste, with plastics being a key recyclable component. The perceived financial impracticality of sorting and separating waste, coupled with the simplicity of landfilling processes often contribute to mixed material loads sent directly to landfills. Therefore, developing a commercially feasible system that can accurately separate the generated waste is imperative. This paper presents a comprehensive study on using RGB images for deep learning-based construction and demolition plastic waste classification by resin type. A large and specialised dataset of end-of-life plastic waste images is gathered. This dataset comprises four commonly used plastic types in construction projects—ABS, HDPE, PS, and PVC. Leveraging Transfer Learning with models pre-trained on ImageNet, highly accurate models tailored to this classification task are developed in this paper. Advanced Convolutional Neural Network and Vision Transformer-based models, including ResNet, ResNeXt, RegNet, and Swin Transformer, are trained and evaluated on this dataset. Another contribution of this work is Knowledge Distillation from a large, computationally intensive, and accurate model to enhance the accuracy of fast and compact models specifically designed for deployment on edge devices. This study applies Knowledge Distillation by using the output class probabilities of the large, computationally intensive Swin Transformer model to enhance the accuracy of the fast and lightweight MobileNetV3 models. The results demonstrate that RGB images offer a practical alternative to other costly and complex systems for effective plastic identification, due to their availability, low cost, ease of use, simple setups, and robustness to variations in operational conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of bio-based polyurethanes in construction: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comparative analysis of bio-based polyurethane insulations and conventional polyurethanes, emphasizing their mechanical properties, thermal and acoustic performance, environmental benefits, and fire resistance. It addresses health and indoor air quality concerns related to volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde emissions from conventional polyurethanes, advocating for a transition to bio-based alternatives in construction to mitigate negative health and environmental impacts. The findings indicate that the eco-friendliness of bio-based polyurethane insulation hinges on the careful selection of bio-components to ensure sustainability compared to their petroleum-based counterparts. However, challenges persist in this area, particularly in optimizing the extraction and purification methods for bio-based polyols. Additionally, while the inclusion of bio-based components such as bio-oils and fillers enhances the properties of the insulation—improving sound absorption and thermal performance due to their porous structure—there is still limited research on the emissions associated with these materials. The review highlights significant research gaps, particularly regarding the environmental impact and performance of bio-based polyurethanes, and calls for comprehensive life-cycle assessments and cost analyses to substantiate their environmental and economic benefits. Future research directions should also include evaluating the recyclability of bio-based foams versus conventional foams, as well as addressing the challenges of integrating bio-based materials into building codes and standards, which can impede widespread adoption. By overcoming these obstacles, the sustainability and performance of bio-based polyurethane insulation products can be significantly improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon footprints of incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification for sewage sludge treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal technologies have gained increasing attention in sludge management. This study applied life cycle assessment to assess the impacts to climate change of ten technological configurations (TCs) treating sludge with incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis. We used distributions of process parameters for quantifying the associated uncertainties and considered different energy exchanges. In a 55 %-fossil energy system, the TCs with various thermal processes showed impacts to climate change in a wide range of −2000 to 2000 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/t total solid. A probabilistic comparison indicated that with a 10 %-fossil energy system, TCs with gasification and pyrolysis showed <em>a</em> > 95 % probability of performing better than TCs with incineration. Energy consumption and dewatering parameters contributed significantly to the uncertainty due to their large variation and sensitivity. This study emphasized the potential of optimizing key parameters and provided evidence from a climate change perspective for better technological selection and development in sludge management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21153,"journal":{"name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}