Polymers最新文献_第6页

Phenyl-Containing Silicone-Acrylate Core-Shell Particles for Transparent Toughening of PMMA with Enhanced Property Retention Under UVA Aging. 含苯基硅-丙烯酸酯核-壳颗粒在UVA老化下增强PMMA的透明增韧性能。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202564

Yuao Li, Fan Yang, Xiang Liu, Runxiong Lin, Tao Zhuang

{"title":"Phenyl-Containing Silicone-Acrylate Core-Shell Particles for Transparent Toughening of PMMA with Enhanced Property Retention Under UVA Aging.","authors":"Yuao Li, Fan Yang, Xiang Liu, Runxiong Lin, Tao Zhuang","doi":"10.3390/polym18202564","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202564","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent toughening of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) requires simultaneous control of mechanical energy dissipation and optical scattering, together with retention of properties under ultraviolet exposure. Here, silicone-acrylate (Si-ACR) core-shell particles comprising a PHSO-derived silicone-rich core and a PMMA-rich outer region were prepared by two-stage seeded emulsion polymerization without a deliberately added grafting agent. The phenyl-containing silicone-rich phase was selected to reduce the anticipated refractive-index contrast with PMMA. Si-ACR particles with an average diameter of 275 nm provided a favorable mechanical-optical balance. At 15 wt% Si-ACR, the notched Izod impact strength increased from 1.8 to 18.1 kJ/m2, while total luminous transmittance remained 91.4% and 90.8% for 1 and 2 mm specimens, respectively, with haze below 0.8%. Fracture morphology was consistent with local debonding and/or void formation followed by enhanced plastic deformation of the PMMA matrix. After 500 h of accelerated UVA exposure, the blend retained an impact strength of 16.8 kJ/m2 and a transmittance of 89.7% for the 1 mm specimen. These findings suggest potential applications in transparent protective shields and optical covers requiring improved impact resistance, low haze, and property retention under UVA exposure.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Nanozymes for Selective Degradation of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC). 分子印迹纳米酶选择性降解聚双酚A-碳酸酯的合理设计

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202560

Tien Tan Bui, Yan Zhao

{"title":"Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Nanozymes for Selective Degradation of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC).","authors":"Tien Tan Bui, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.3390/polym18202560","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202560","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC) is an engineering thermoplastic whose recycling is hindered by its Code-7 classification and environmental BPA leaching. Here, we report water-soluble molecularly imprinted nanozymes for the selective depolymerization of BPA-PC under mild alkaline conditions. Synthesized within cross-linked surfactant micelles, the optimized nanozyme combines shape-complementary BPA-matched pockets with surface basicity, achieving a 72-fold rate enhancement over porcine pancreatic lipase. Fluorescence titrations with a soluble dansyl-labeled BPA-PC dimer confirm strong substrate recognition (Ka ~106 M-1). Gel permeation chromatography reveals uniform reductions of 52-55% across Mn, Mw, and Mz, indicative of a random endo-chain cleavage mechanism. On macroscopic BPA-PC films, the nanozyme induces pronounced cracking and surface erosion, whereas polyethylene terephthalate (PET) control films remain undamaged. Furthermore, the aqueous nanozyme retains ~75% of its initial catalytic activity across five consecutive degradation cycles following simple phase extraction. This study demonstrates that tailored, shape-complementary nanozymes provide a generalizable, selective biocatalytic alternative for the circular chemical recycling of recalcitrant engineering plastics.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal, Thermomechanical, and Fire Behaviour of Casein-Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin Biocomposites. 酪蛋白改性不饱和聚酯树脂生物复合材料的热、热机械和燃烧性能。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202552

Przemysław Pączkowski, Karolina Głogowska, Bronisław Samujło, Barbara Gawdzik

{"title":"Thermal, Thermomechanical, and Fire Behaviour of Casein-Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin Biocomposites.","authors":"Przemysław Pączkowski, Karolina Głogowska, Bronisław Samujło, Barbara Gawdzik","doi":"10.3390/polym18202552","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202552","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for sustainable engineering thermosets, such as unsaturated polyester resins (UPR), together with stricter fire safety requirements, promotes the development of environmentally friendly polymer composites. In this study, UPR synthesized from recycled post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) was modified with casein particles to investigate their effects on thermal, thermomechanical, and fire-related properties. The obtained biocomposites were characterized by thermal analysis, thermomechanical testing, and flammability evaluation. Casein incorporation affected the degradation behaviour of UPR and promoted residue formation at elevated temperatures. Cone calorimetry demonstrated a reduction in peak heat release rate from 600 to 407 kW·m-2 and total heat release from 86 to 65 MJ·m-2 for the composite containing 15 wt.% casein. The maximum average rate of heat emission decreased from 345 to 255 kW·m-2, while combustion residue increased from 0.1 to 3.5%, confirming enhanced char formation. Fire performance also improved, with the Fire Potential Index increasing from 0.053 to 0.071 m2·s·kW-1 and the Fire Retardancy Index reaching 1.77 for UPR+C15. The heat deflection temperature increased from 56.9 to 71.3 °C, whereas the Vicat softening temperature decreased slightly. Overall, casein is a promising bio-based additive for tailoring the properties of sustainable UPR composites.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Analysis of 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate-Based Green Bodies Containing GYAGG:Ce Fabricated by DLP 3D Printing. DLP 3D打印制备含GYAGG:Ce的1,6-己二醇双丙烯酸酯基绿色体的热分析

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202554

Lydia V Ermakova, Ramil R Khasbiullin, Rasim R Saifutyarov, Elizaveta V Ermakova, Petr S Sokolov

{"title":"Thermal Analysis of 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate-Based Green Bodies Containing GYAGG:Ce Fabricated by DLP 3D Printing.","authors":"Lydia V Ermakova, Ramil R Khasbiullin, Rasim R Saifutyarov, Elizaveta V Ermakova, Petr S Sokolov","doi":"10.3390/polym18202554","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202554","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal decomposition of DLP-printed green bodies containing a cross-linked 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate matrix filled with complex oxide powder of a cerium-activated garnet structure (GYAGG:Ce) was investigated. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric measurements were performed under an argon atmosphere at heating rates of 2, 4, 8 and 20 °C/min (four independent measurements for each heating rate). The main mass-loss stage occurs at approximately 350-470 °C. With the increase in the heating rate, the mean DTG peaks shift to a higher temperature: from 387.1 ± 10.3 °C at 2 °C/min to 427.9 ± 15.2 °C at 20 °C/min. The kinetics of thermal decomposition were investigated using isoconversional analysis methods. The apparent activation energy of the main mass-loss peak calculated by the Kissinger method was 200.85 kJ/mol (R2 = 0.99). Gas-phase mass-spectrometric analysis tentatively assigned signals to water, CO, CO2, and acrylate-derived fragments of organic chains. A thermal analysis-guided debinding schedule was developed and experimentally demonstrated, resulting in the production of bulk ceramics with measurable optical translucence (the full transmittance and in-line transmittance were 54.5% and 12%, respectively, for a sample 1.2 mm thick). The absence of large cracks and delamination was observed in both green and brown bodies by scanning electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hazelnut Shell-Talc-Carbon Black Hybrid High-Density Polyethylene Biocomposites: Formulation-Property Relationships for Potential Rigid Food-Packaging Applications. 榛子壳-滑石粉-炭黑混合高密度聚乙烯生物复合材料：配方-性能关系，用于潜在的刚性食品包装应用。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202546

İdris Karagöz, Yeliz Karadeniz, Harun Sepetçioğlu, Volkan Daştan, Erdem Çınar

{"title":"Hazelnut Shell-Talc-Carbon Black Hybrid High-Density Polyethylene Biocomposites: Formulation-Property Relationships for Potential Rigid Food-Packaging Applications.","authors":"İdris Karagöz, Yeliz Karadeniz, Harun Sepetçioğlu, Volkan Daştan, Erdem Çınar","doi":"10.3390/polym18202546","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202546","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural residues offer opportunities to reduce virgin polymer consumption, although balancing mechanical performance, thermal stability, and processability in multicomponent composites remains challenging. This study developed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) hybrid biocomposites incorporating hazelnut-shell (HS) powder, talc, a carbonaceous additive, and maleic-anhydride-modified linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-MA) through sequential formulation. Mechanical, physical, processing, thermal, spectroscopic, and morphological properties were evaluated. The formulations exhibited distinct property trade-offs. The HS/talc formulation (PEHSCB4) achieved the highest flexural strength (38.87 MPa), 10.6% above neat HDPE, while maintaining comparable tensile strength. PEHSCB5 exhibited the highest tensile modulus (963.3 MPa) and Shore D hardness (71.8), whereas PEHSCB2 and PEHSCB3 achieved the highest V-notched impact strengths (~29 kJ/m2), compared with 12.78 kJ/m2 for neat HDPE. Melt flow rates ranged from 0.22 to 3.90 g/10 min, with all formulations remaining processable by extrusion and injection molding. Water absorption increased with HS incorporation but remained below 0.36% for all formulations after 240 h of immersion. Thermal analysis revealed formulation-dependent changes in crystallinity and initial degradation behavior. FTIR and SEM confirmed the polyethylene structure and heterogeneous multiphase morphologies. Overall, sequential formulation enabled property tailoring, supporting further evaluation for potential rigid food-packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CFD Simulation of Flow Behavior and Apparent Viscosity Distribution of Polymer Solution in a Rotating Packed Bed. 聚合物溶液在旋转填料床内流动特性及表观粘度分布的CFD模拟。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202553

Cheng Fu, Zhi-Yao Wang, Xue-Song Yin, Yi-Ping Zhang, Rui Zhu, Wei Zhang, Bin Huang

{"title":"CFD Simulation of Flow Behavior and Apparent Viscosity Distribution of Polymer Solution in a Rotating Packed Bed.","authors":"Cheng Fu, Zhi-Yao Wang, Xue-Song Yin, Yi-Ping Zhang, Rui Zhu, Wei Zhang, Bin Huang","doi":"10.3390/polym18202553","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202553","url":null,"abstract":"High-gravity rotating packed beds enhance mass transfer via high-gravity fields, where the flow and viscosity distribution of polymer solutions govern dissolution efficiency and equipment compactness. Understanding these behaviors is essential for optimizing polymer dissolution in offshore polymer flooding, yet experimental methods are hindered by poor light transmittance and observational blind spots, making it difficult to capture the dynamic dispersion and evolution of polymer solutions within the wire mesh packing. To address this issue, a two-dimensional computational model was constructed by combining the VOF multiphase model with the Carreau-Yassuda viscosity model, accounting for the shear-thinning characteristics and viscosity variations of the polymer solution. The effects of zero-shear viscosity, rotational speed, and inlet velocity on flow morphology, aggregation, and apparent viscosity distribution were systematically examined. Results show the following: (1) Increasing rotational speed from 300 to 900 rpm promotes the transition from film-dominated to droplet-dominated flow, increasing zero-shear viscosity from 59 to 348 mPa·s suppresses dispersion and forms coexisting films and droplets, and increasing inlet velocity from 1.74 to 3.17 m/s drives the transition from droplet-dominated to film-dominated flow. (2) Increasing rotational speed reduces apparent viscosity by up to 30% and improves distribution uniformity, with a turning point near 1000 rpm; inlet velocity has limited effects, with radial distribution higher in the inner region. (3) The Carreau-Yassuda model reveals a shear-thinning effect, where high rotational speed mitigates the influence of high zero-shear viscosity, and the combination of high rotational speed and high inlet velocity synergistically enhances dispersion. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing polymer dissolution in high-gravity carbon capture processes.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing the Impact Strength of Grass Fiber Polypropylene Composites with Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene. 用原聚丙烯和再生聚丙烯提高草纤维聚丙烯复合材料的冲击强度。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202540

Katharina Grünheide, Eric Stuckert, Heiko Hofmann, Martin Moneke

{"title":"Increasing the Impact Strength of Grass Fiber Polypropylene Composites with Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene.","authors":"Katharina Grünheide, Eric Stuckert, Heiko Hofmann, Martin Moneke","doi":"10.3390/polym18202540","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202540","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibers from different plants are widely used as reinforcing fillers in polymers due to their ecological, economic and technical benefits, with applications in all major industries. Since a typical drawback of incorporating natural fibers into polymers is a reduction in impact strength, this work investigates ways to enhance impact strength. Grass fibers of 30 wt. % from permanent pasture grasslands are compounded with polypropylene and varying amounts of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride with three different degrees of grafting as coupling agents and ethylene propylene diene rubber as the impact modifier. The impact strength and the melt flow index are measured for each compound while the adhesion between the fibers and matrix is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It can be shown that around 5 wt. % of coupling agents are sufficient to increase impact strength to a saturation level, while the impact modifier has no significant influence. Through multiple extrusion cycles of a pure grass fiber polypropylene compound, it can be shown that the melt flow index increases constantly with the number of extrusion cycles, while the impact strength remains constant after an initial increase, indicating matrix degradation but enhanced fiber matrix coupling.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Single-Parameter Study for the Melt Electrospinning of Poly(lactic acid). 聚乳酸熔体静电纺丝的单参数系统研究。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202551

Rosa Barranco-García, Coro Echeverria, María L Cerrada, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, Marta Fernández-García

{"title":"A Systematic Single-Parameter Study for the Melt Electrospinning of Poly(lactic acid).","authors":"Rosa Barranco-García, Coro Echeverria, María L Cerrada, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, Marta Fernández-García","doi":"10.3390/polym18202551","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202551","url":null,"abstract":"Melt electrospinning (MES) is a fiber manufacturing technique in which a molten polymer is stretched into ultrafine fibers by an electric field. MES combines the ability to produce very fine fibers with the advantages of solvent-free manufacturing. Its controlled variant, melt electrowriting (MEW), is especially valuable because it allows exceptional architectural precision, making it highly attractive for biomedical applications. This study presents a systematic, single-parameter evaluation of how nozzle-to-collector distance (nozzle height), applied pressure, and collector speed influence the morphological and thermal properties of the resultant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers. Fiber diameter, uniformity, thermal transitions, crystallinity, and thermal stability are analyzed, the former being tuned over a wide controlled range (≈4-42 μm). Larger nozzle heights and higher collector speeds promote fiber drawing, yielding thinner (down to ~4 µm) and more uniform fibers, while increasing pressure results in progressively thicker fibers due to higher melt flow rates (up to ~42 µm). Thinner fibers exhibit higher glass transition temperatures, suggesting enhanced molecular orientation, whereas all fibers remain amorphous due to the rapid quenching applied during processing. Thermal stability improves at intermediate nozzle heights, correlating with the increased morphological uniformity. These results provide a clear, quantitative understanding of the physical mechanisms governing MES processing of PLA, delivering practical guidelines and processing-structure-property relationships for the design of tailored biodegradable scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering the Structure-Performance Relationship of WO₃ Thin Films Through PVP-Mn Synergy for Electrochromic Applications. 利用PVP-Mn协同作用设计WO3薄膜在电致变色中的结构-性能关系。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202542

Pritam J Morankar, Sureshkumar Kandhasamy, Thamaraiselvi Kanagaraj, Chan-Wook Jeon

{"title":"Engineering the Structure-Performance Relationship of WO3 Thin Films Through PVP-Mn Synergy for Electrochromic Applications.","authors":"Pritam J Morankar, Sureshkumar Kandhasamy, Thamaraiselvi Kanagaraj, Chan-Wook Jeon","doi":"10.3390/polym18202542","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202542","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochromic (EC) behavior of tungsten oxide (WO3) is strongly influenced by its nanoscale architecture and local chemical environment, which determine the efficiency of ion-electron transport during switching. Here, a systematic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-Manganese (Mn) synergistic engineering approach was developed using bare WO3 (WO), PVP-assisted WO3 (P-WO), Mn-doped WO3 (Mn-WO), and PVP-assisted Mn-doped WO3 (P-Mn-WO) to clarify the individual and combined effects of PVP and Mn on EC performance. All films retained the amorphous WO3 structure, while morphological evolution revealed a transition from compact nanoparticle assemblies to an interconnected porous architecture in P-Mn-WO. The optimized P-Mn-WO film exhibited enhanced Li+ transport, with diffusion coefficients of 0.45 × 10-10 and 4.08 × 10-10 cm2/s for oxidation and reduction, respectively. This favorable transport environment enabled 75.8% optical modulation at 635 nm, a coloration efficiency of 142.63 cm2/C, and 92.59% charge reversibility, with only 5.24% degradation during repeated switching. At the device level, P-Mn-WO delivered 82.30% bleached transmittance, 12.02% colored transmittance, and 70.28% optical modulation, while showing only 4.5% degradation over 2000 s of continuous operation. These results demonstrate that coupling PVP-assisted growth with Mn doping provides effective control over WO3 morphology, Li+ transport, charge utilization, and optical switching, establishing a promising route toward a durable, high-contrast WO3-based EC smart-window.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elastic Modulus Distribution in Rigid PU Foams of Elliptically Graded Density. 密度椭圆梯度硬质PU泡沫的弹性模量分布。

IF 5.8 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/polym18202549

Ilze Beverte, Ugis Cabulis

{"title":"Elastic Modulus Distribution in Rigid PU Foams of Elliptically Graded Density.","authors":"Ilze Beverte, Ugis Cabulis","doi":"10.3390/polym18202549","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym18202549","url":null,"abstract":"Structural and insulating components for automobiles, marine vessels, aircraft, spacecraft and other vehicles and technical devices are often manufactured by foaming rigid polyurethane foams in sealed molds; consequently, it is crucial to understand the physical and mechanical properties of the molded foams. The objective of the study is to evaluate the elastic modulus distribution in rigid polyurethane foams with an elliptically graded density that appears when foaming in a parallelepiped-shaped sealed mold at overpressure. The dependence of the modulus on the density was investigated experimentally under compression, and the constants of the model function were determined. Using the constants, the modulus values were calculated and corresponding distribution maps were plotted for vertical and horizontal cross-sections of the foam block. The results of numerical calculations showed that the modulus distribution is elliptical in vertical sections of the block and circular in horizontal cross-sections. It was concluded that the elliptical symmetry of the density distribution leads to symmetry of the same kind in the elastic properties. The modulus distribution maps are model-based predictions which require an independent experimental spatial validation. The dependence of the aspect ratio of the equidensity and equimodulus ellipses on the aspect ratio of the mold was estimated.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0