Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bacterial Cellulose Derived from Spent Tea Waste.","authors":"Cem Gök, Arzum Işıtan, Massimo Bersani, Paolo Bettotti, Laura Pasquardini, Michele Fedrizzi, Davide D'Angelo, Havva Boyacıoğlu, Ahmet Koluman","doi":"10.3390/polym17182521","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a high-purity biopolymer with excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties, including high crystallinity, water absorption, biocompatibility, and structural tunability. However, its large-scale production is hindered by high substrate costs and limited sustainability. In this study, spent black tea waste was utilized as a low-cost and eco-friendly carbon source for BC synthesis by <i>Komagataeibacter xylinus</i> ATCC 53524 under varying initial pH conditions (4-9). Six different BC membranes were produced and systematically characterized in terms of mechanical strength, water absorption capacity, electrical conductivity, antimicrobial performance, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) attachment efficiency. Morphological and chemical analyses were conducted using SEM and FTIR techniques to investigate pH-induced structural variations. The results revealed that the BC6 sample (pH 6) exhibited the highest tensile strength (2.4 MPa), elongation (13%), PVA incorporation (12%), and electrical conductivity, confirming the positive impact of near-neutral conditions on nanofiber assembly and functional integration. In contrast, the BC4 sample (pH 4) demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity (log reduction = 3.5) against <i>E. coli</i>, suggesting that acidic pH conditions enhance bioactivity. SEM images confirmed the most cohesive and uniform fiber morphology at pH 6, while FTIR spectra indicated the preservation of characteristic cellulose functional groups across all samples. Overall, this study presents a sustainable and efficient strategy for BC production using food waste and demonstrates that synthesis pH is a key parameter in tuning its functional performance. The optimized BC membranes show potential for biomedical, flexible electronic, and antibacterial material applications, particularly in wearable electrode technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Zwitterionic-Cyclodextrin Hybrid Polymer for Efficient Extraction of Polypeptides: Combination of Instrumental Analysis and DFT Calculation.","authors":"Xiaoyun Lei, Xin Wang, Yuzhe Cao, Bingxing Ren, Yanyan Peng, Hanghang Zhao","doi":"10.3390/polym17182524","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adhering to the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is crucial for advancing sample pretreatment. In this work, we developed a green in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) material utilizing non-toxic cyclodextrin and zwitterionic polymers as co-functioning monomers. The hybrid monolithic material was synthesized within 38 min via an efficient epoxy ring-opening reaction and free radical polymerization. Comprehensive characterization confirmed a rigid framework with strong anti-swelling properties, good permeability, and high enrichment efficiency on the polymers. When coupled with HPLC-UV, the optimized IT-SPME method enabled highly sensitive detection of polypeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) in aqueous matrices, achieving detection limits as low as 15.0-20.0 μg L^-1, a wide linear range (60-800 μg L^-1, R² > 0.99), and good precision (RSDs = 5.9-8.2%). The prepared material demonstrated remarkable performance in real complex water samples, achieving recovery rates of up to 95.4%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the adsorption mechanism primarily involves hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. This study presents an effective approach for the development of green chemical synthesis of extraction materials and offers a sustainable platform for monitoring trace contaminants in environmental waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Abbas et al. Recent Developments in Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces Based on Bioinspired Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications. <i>Polymers</i> 2022, <i>14</i>, 238.","authors":"Ansar Abbas, Chen Zhang, Muhammad Asad, Ahsan Waqas, Asma Khatoon, Sameer Hussain, Sajjad Husain Mir","doi":"10.3390/polym17182520","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article titled \"Recent Developments in Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces Based on Bioinspired Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Micro/Nanofabrication and Manufacturing II.","authors":"Yi-Je Juang","doi":"10.3390/polym17182525","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer-based micro- and nanofabrication has surged forward in recent years, powered by demands for lightweight, adaptive, and multifunctional systems across applications ranging from energy harvesting [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Integration of an Fe(II) Coordination Compound into Green Resin Matrices for Multifunctional Dielectric, Piezoelectric, Energy Harvesting, and Storage Applications.","authors":"Anastasios C Patsidis, Ioanna Th Papageorgiou, Zoi G Lada","doi":"10.3390/polym17182509","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer-based hybrid composites have emerged as promising platforms for multifunctional energy applications, combining structural versatility with tunable dielectric behavior. In this study, synthesized [Fe(bpy)₃]SO₄; (tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(II) sulfate) coordination compound was incorporated into a green epoxy resin matrix to fabricate nanocomposites aimed at enhancing dielectric permittivity (<i>ε'</i>), piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i>₃₃, pC/N), energy-storage efficiency (<i>n_rel</i>, %), and mechanical strength (<i>σ</i>, MPa). The integration of the Fe(II) complex via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed a homogeneous dispersion within the matrix. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) revealed the presence of three relaxation processes in the spectra of the tested systems, demonstrating enhanced dielectric permittivity with increasing Fe(II) content. Under progressively shorter relaxation times (<i>τ</i>, s), key processes such as interfacial polarization, the polymer matrix's transition from a glassy to a rubbery state, and the dynamic reorganization of polar side groups along the polymer backbone are activated. The ability to store and retrieve electric energy was confirmed by varying filler content under direct current (<i>dc</i>) conditions. The nanocomposite with 10 phr (mass parts/100 mass parts of resin) filler achieved a piezoelectric coefficient of <i>d</i>₃₃ = 5.1 pC/N, an energy-storage efficiency of <i>n_rel</i> = 44%, and a tensile strength of <i>σ</i> = 55.5 MPa, all of which surpass values reported for conventional epoxy-based composites. These results confirm the ability of the system to store and retrieve electric energy under direct current (<i>dc</i>) fields, while maintaining mechanical robustness and thermal stability due to synergistic interactions between the epoxy matrix and the Fe(II) complex. The multifunctional behavior of the composites underscores their potential as advanced materials for integrated dielectric, piezoelectric, and energy storage and harvesting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Mechanical Properties in Mycelium-Based Biocomposites.","authors":"Štěpán Hýsek, Miroslav Jozífek, Benjamín Petržela, Miroslav Němec","doi":"10.3390/polym17182506","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycelium-based biocomposites (MBBs) represent a sustainable alternative to synthetic composites, as they are produced from lignocellulosic substrates bonded by fungal mycelium. Their mechanical performance depends on multiple interacting factors, including the substrate composition, fungal species, and processing conditions, which makes property optimisation challenging. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict two mechanical properties of MBBs, namely internal bonding (IB) and compressive strength (CS). An ANN model was trained on experimental data, using the substrate composition, fungal species, and physical properties of MBBs. The ANN predictions were compared with measured values, and the model accuracy was evaluated. The results showed that the ANN achieved a high predictive accuracy, with coefficients of determination of 0.992 for IB and 0.979 for CS. IB values were predicted more precisely than CS, likely due to microstructural heterogeneities. The heterogeneities were visualised using scanning electron microscopy. Composites produced with <i>Ganoderma sessile</i> and <i>Trametes versicolor</i> exhibited the highest IB. Interestingly, <i>Trametes versicolor</i> achieved the highest CS on virgin wood particles but the lowest values on recycled wood, underlining the strong influence of the substrate quality. The study demonstrates that ANNs can effectively predict the mechanical properties, reducing the number of experimental tests needed for material characterisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Friction Stir Spot Welding Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Properties of PA6.","authors":"Ayşe Danış Bekdemir, İdris Karagöz","doi":"10.3390/polym17182508","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to systematically investigate the effects of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) parameters-rotational speed, dwell time, and pin diameter-on the mechanical, thermal, and microstructural properties of PA6. PA6 plates (5 mm thick, 30 mm wide, 150 mm long) were welded using an Optimum BF20L milling machine, examining key parameters: rotational speed (762, 1146, 1560 rpm), pin diameter (M10, M12), and dwell time (15 s, 60 s). A full factorial design was employed to analyze their effects. Rotational speed emerged as the most significant factor influencing tensile strength, with an optimal speed of 1146 rpm yielding 72.4 MPa. Dwell time also played a major role, improving flexural strength by 56.5% as it increased from 15 to 60 s (40.6 MPa to 63.6 MPa). Although pin diameter had limited influence on tensile performance, larger pins (M12) promoted higher crystallinity (up to 33.37%) and better thermal distribution. The degree of crystallinity and crystalline lamella thickness (λ) varied, indicating that thermal and structural properties can be tailored through parameter optimization. These findings highlight the potential of FSSW to enhance PA6's performance characteristics, making it a viable joining method for high-performance applications in the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries. Further research is encouraged to deepen the understanding of the relationship between welding parameters and microstructural evolution, particularly in relation to crystallization behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of UV Irradiation on Properties and Characteristics of Fish Gelatin-Based Film Containing Linoleic Acid and Ferrous Chloride.","authors":"Wipawee Theerawitayaart, Kullaya Poomithorn, Krisana Nilsuwan, Ponsatit Sookchoo, Soottawat Benjakul, Thummanoon Prodpran","doi":"10.3390/polym17182512","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the combined effects of linoleic acid (LA) incorporation and UV irradiation in the presence and absence of ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) on the properties and characteristics of fish skin gelatin films. UV irradiation was implemented at different intensities (10,000-40,000 lux) and with different exposure times (1 and 5 min) by two different methods: irradiating the film-forming solution before casting (S-UV) versus irradiating the pre-cast film (F-UV). The UV treatment significantly increased the elastic modulus (EM) while decreasing the tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), and water-vapor permeability (WVP) of the films (<i>p</i> < 0.05), irrespective of the irradiation method used. This effect became more pronounced with higher UV intensity and longer exposure times. When both LA and FeCl₂ were present, UV irradiation promoted the formation of non-disulfide covalent bonds, leading to increased cross-linking. This cross-linking improved the film's strength and decreased its WVP, although it did cause the films to become yellowish. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed interactions between the gelatin and LA, indicated by a decrease in the intensity of Amide-A, Amide-I, and Amide-II bands. A key finding suggested that UV irradiation, combined with LA/FeCl₂ incorporation, could significantly enhance the properties of fish skin gelatin films, especially their water-vapor barrier. The study's novelty lies in demonstrating that applying the UV treatment to either the film solution or the final film yields similar results, providing flexibility in the manufacturing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Landfill Mined Combustible Polymer Composite and Soil-like Fraction for Energy Recovery, Chemical Recycling, and Resource Recovery.","authors":"Suyoung Lee, Tae Uk Han","doi":"10.3390/polym17182514","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The landfill mining and reclamation (LFMR) project is increasingly recognized as crucial for achieving sustainable waste management and supporting global environmental goals, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to clean energy, responsible consumption, and sustainable cities. This study evaluated the potential of combustible polymer composites (CPCs) derived from landfill mining waste for energy recovery and chemical recycling as well as resource recovery potential of soil-like fractions (SLFs). Through physico-chemical analysis and pyrolysis reaction with catalytic upgrading process, the study evaluates the suitability of CPCs for energy recovery as a solid recovered fuel (SRF) and chemical recycling feedstock. For assessing the SLFs for potential use as recycled aggregates and cover materials, total organic carbon, heavy metal concentration, and biodegradability were investigated. CPCs exhibited varied SRF and chemical feedstock qualities depending on site-specific polymer composition, while SLFs met environmental criteria for both inert waste and stabilization soil classification. The findings not only highlight technical feasibility, but also provide a transferable evaluation framework supporting 'circular economy' policies. Therefore, LFMR projects can contribute to sustainable waste management and energy production and provide solutions for effective material recycling, aligning with global environmental and resource conservation goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion Behavior of Polyurethane Slurry for Simultaneous Enhancement of Reservoir Strength and Permeability Through Splitting Grouting Technology.","authors":"Xiangzeng Wang, Fengsan Zhang, Jinqiao Wu, Siqi Qiang, Bing Li, Guobiao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/polym17182513","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A polyurethane slurry was developed to simultaneously enhance the strength and permeability of geological formations, differing from the conventional fracture grouting used for soft-soil reinforcement. Injected via splitting grouting, the slurry cures to form high-strength, highly permeable channels that increase reservoir permeability while improving mechanical stability (dual-enhanced stimulation). To quantify its diffusion behavior and guide field application, we built a splitting-grouting model using the finite-discrete element method (FDEM), parameterized with the reservoir properties of coalbed methane (CBM) formations in the Ordos Basin and the slurry's measured rheology and filtration characteristics. Considering the stratified structures within coal rock formed by geological deposition, this study utilizes Python code interacting with Abaqus to divide the coal seam into coal rock and natural bedding. We analyzed the effects of engineering parameters, geological factors, and bedding characteristics on slurry-vein propagation patterns, the stimulation extent, and fracturing pressure. The findings reveal that increasing the grouting rate from 1.2 to 3.6 m³/min enlarges the stimulated volume and the maximum fracture width and raises the fracturing pressure from 26.28 to 31.44 MPa. A lower slurry viscosity of 100 mPa·s promotes the propagation of slurry veins, making it easier to develop multiple veins. The bedding-to-coal rock strength ratio controls crossing versus layer-parallel growth: at 0.3, veins more readily penetrate bedding planes, whereas at 0.1 they preferentially spread along them. Raising the lateral pressure coefficient from 0.6 to 0.8 increases the likelihood of the slurry expanding along the beddings. Natural bedding structures guide directional flow; a higher bedding density (225 lines per 10,000 m³) yields greater directional deflection and a more intricate fracture network. As the angle of bedding increases from 10° to 60°, the slurry veins are more susceptible to directional changes. Throughout the grouting process, the slurry veins can undergo varying degrees of directional alteration. Under the studied conditions, both fracturing and compaction grouting modes are present, with fracturing grouting dominating in the initial stages, while compaction grouting becomes more prominent later on. These results provide quantitative guidance for designing dual-enhanced stimulation to jointly improve permeability and mechanical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}