Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the Vibrational Behavior of Thermoformed Magnetic Piezoelectrets.","authors":"Amélia M Santos, Rui A S Moreira, Leonardo S Caires, Ronaldo M Lima, Elvio P Silva, Polyane A Santos, Jéssica F Alves, Sergio M O Tavares, Kenedy Marconi G Santos, Ruy A P Altafim, Ruy A C Altafim","doi":"10.3390/polym17111506","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the vibrational behavior of Thermoformed Magneto-Piezoelectrets (TMPs), multifunctional materials consisting of thermoformed piezoelectrets with open tubular channels integrated with an additional magnetic layer. The inverse piezoelectric effect was characterized using laser vibrometry analysis, measuring the mechanical response of TMPs subjected to electrical excitation over a frequency range of 0-20 kHz. Vibrational analysis was conducted at 144 spatial points, enabling the construction of detailed three-dimensional (3D) maps of the vibration operational modes and the spatial distribution of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33). The results demonstrated significant frequency-dependent behavior, with open channels exhibiting pronounced resonance peaks, whereas valleys displayed smoother and more uniform responses due to enhanced damping effects. The observed heterogeneity in vibrational behavior is attributed to structural variations, material composition, and anisotropic coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetic properties. The findings presented in this research provide a comprehensive understanding of the development and utilization of TMPs, offering parameters for enhancing their application and supporting new discoveries in studies related to the fabrication of novel thermoformed piezoelectric sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Bond Strength Between Heat-Polymerized PMMA and Contemporary CAD/CAM Framework Materials: A Comparative In Vitro Study.","authors":"Başak Topdağı","doi":"10.3390/polym17111488","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of various surface treatment protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) between heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and different CAD/CAM framework materials, including cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys, ceramic particle-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and glass fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRC). A total of 135 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from Co-Cr, PEEK, and FRC materials. Surface treatments specific to each material, including airborne-particle abrasion, sulfuric acid etching, laser irradiation, plasma activation, and primer application, were applied. PMMA cylinders were polymerized onto the treated surfaces, and all specimens were subjected to 30,000 thermal cycles. SBS values were measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were classified. The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the homogeneity of variances was evaluated using Levene's test. Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni correction was applied in cases where significant differences were detected (α = 0.05). The highest SBS values (~27-28 MPa) were obtained in the Co-Cr group and in the PEEK groups treated with sulfuric acid and primer. In contrast, the PEEK group with additional laser treatment exhibited a lower SBS value. The untreated PEEK group showed significantly lower SBS (~3.9 MPa) compared to all other groups. The Trinia groups demonstrated intermediate SBS values (16.5-17.4 MPa), which exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold of 10 MPa. SEM observations revealed material- and protocol-specific surface responses; plasma-treated specimens maintained topographic integrity, whereas laser-induced surfaces showed localized degradation, particularly following dual-step protocols. Fracture mode analysis indicated that higher SBS values were associated with cohesive or mixed failures. SEM observations suggested that plasma treatment preserved surface morphology more effectively than laser treatment. This study highlights the importance of selecting material-specific surface treatments to optimize bonding between CAD/CAM frameworks and PMMA. Sulfuric acid and primer provided strong adhesion for PEEK, while the addition of laser or plasma offered no further benefit, making such steps potentially unnecessary. Trinia frameworks also showed acceptable performance with conventional treatments. These findings reinforce that simplified conditioning protocols may be clinically sufficient, and indicate that FRC materials like Trinia should be more fully considered for their broader clinical potential in modern CAD/CAM-based prosthetic planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-Based Textile Sensors for Intelligent Structural Health Monitoring.","authors":"Chuang Zhu, Yajie Zhang, Guanliang He","doi":"10.3390/polym17111484","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an approach to address the need for advanced Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems in composite materials across various industries. Leveraging the exceptional mechanical and electrical properties of graphene, this study introduces graphene/polydopamine-based sensors for intelligent SHM. Testing these sensors' efficiency through tensile, bending, impact, and compression tests show that different designs are applicable to various conditions. Notably, these sensors respond well to external impact forces, opening new avenues for impact detection in composite panels, an essential aspect of Structural Health Monitoring. This research contributes to developing resilient and cost-effective SHM systems with potential applications in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering industries, enhancing safety and reducing maintenance costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on pH-Indicative Color Response and Moisture Content in Intelligent Films Based on Peruvian Purple Potato and Polyvinyl Alcohol.","authors":"Antony Alexander Neciosup-Puican, Carolina Parada-Quinayá","doi":"10.3390/polym17111490","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing need for sustainable packaging materials with enhanced functionality has prompted our investigation into biodegradable polymers reinforced with nanostructures. In this work, we began by extracting anthocyanins from pigmented native potatoes (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) and confirming their concentration via UV-Visible spectroscopy. The corresponding potato starch was then characterized according to its amylose and amylopectin contents. The natural pigments subsequently served as reducing and stabilizing agents in a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were subsequently incorporated into starch matrices derived from the same tuber. To evaluate the performance of the resulting composite films, we examined their pH-responsive color behavior-demonstrating their potential as visual indicators-their molecular structure through FTIR analysis-to verify the successful integration of AgNPs-and their moisture content as a measure of barrier properties. The AgNP-containing films exhibited markedly improved color stability across varying pH levels and superior moisture retention compared to pure starch films. These results illustrate the promise of combining underutilized Andean crops with eco-friendly nanotechnology to produce advanced, biodegradable materials suitable for intelligent food-packaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chitosan on Drug Load and Release for Cisplatin-Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite Microspheres.","authors":"Meng-Ying Wu, I-Fang Kao, Shiow-Kang Yen","doi":"10.3390/polym17111485","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is limited by its poor bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, and severe side effects. To overcome these limitations, hydroxyapatite-gelatin composite microspheres were developed to improve drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and provide sustained drug release. Various formulations were prepared by incorporating chitosan either by mixing once or through a sequential coating strategy. By adjusting the loading procedure, the DEE increased from 58% to 99%. The composite microsphere effectively controlled the total drug release duration, extending it from one month to over 5 months. Moreover, the MTT assay demonstrated that all samples effectively inhibited cell growth, with cell viability reduced to less than 20% after 2 weeks of experimentation. These findings demonstrate that the sequential chitosan coating method offers superior drug entrapment and prolonged release compared to mixing chitosan once, exhibiting its potential as a sustained drug delivery system for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Performance of PLA Nonwoven Fabrics Through Plasma Treatments for Superior Active-Molecule Retention.","authors":"Norma Mallegni, Serena Coiai, Francesca Cicogna, Luca Panariello, Caterina Cristallini, Stefano Caporali, Elisa Passaglia","doi":"10.3390/polym17111482","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising biobased polymer celebrated for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and advantageous mechanical properties. However, its inherent hydrophobicity and lack of hydrophilic functional groups restrict its application in advanced uses, such as nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) for masks, diapers, and biomedical products. This study explores the application of cold plasma treatments to modify the surface of PLA-based NWFs using oxygen and oxygen-argon gas mixtures. We varied power levels and exposure times to optimize surface activation. The samples treated with plasma under different conditions were analyzed to understand the impact of these treatments on the surface functionalization, morphology, and thermal properties of PLA_NWF. Additionally, as a proof of concept, the plasma-treated samples were dip-coated in green tea extract, which is rich in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural antioxidant. The findings demonstrate that plasma treatment significantly enhances the adhesion and functionality of the active ingredient, thereby paving the way for innovative sustainable applications of surface-activated PLA-NWFs in the biomedical and cosmetic sectors or food preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Addition of Waste-Derived Biofillers on the Degradation of Ethylene-Norbornene (EN) Copolymers Under Laboratory Composting Conditions.","authors":"Malgorzata Latos-Brozio, Michał Bocianowski, Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk, Małgorzata Piotrowska, Anna Masek","doi":"10.3390/polym17111483","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of biofillers derived from fruit waste, a byproduct of the food-processing industry, on the degradation of ethylene-norbornene (EN) copolymers under the controlled conditions of laboratory composting. This manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the influence of waste biofillers on the biological degradation of EN-based materials, thereby filling a gap in the existing literature on the subject. The concept of this work encompasses the enhancement of the degradability of synthetic EN through the incorporation of bioadditives. Waste apple and chokeberry pomace were added to EN as biofillers in amounts of 5, 10, and 15 phr (parts per hundred rubber). The polymeric materials were composted for 3 and 6 months under laboratory conditions. We assessed the susceptibility of the samples to the growth of microorganisms, as well as the mass loss of the polymeric materials after composting. The findings indicated that the bioadditives increased the compostability of the materials, as evidenced by the elevated carbonyl indices observed for the samples containing biofillers. Furthermore, the elevated polar component of the surface energy exhibited by the samples containing biofillers suggested a heightened susceptibility to composting processes, attributable to their augmented hydrophilicity, in comparison to the reference EN. Fruit pomace is a promising additive for increasing the compostability of synthetic polymeric materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological Evaluation of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Nanocomposite Coatings Reinforced with Ceria-Effect of Composition, Load, Speed, Counterface, and UV Exposure.","authors":"Amal A Seenath, Mirza Murtuza Ali Baig, Abdul Samad Mohammed","doi":"10.3390/polym17111487","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceria nanofillers were incorporated into PEEK coatings at concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 wt% and applied to mild steel samples using an electrostatic spraying technique. The tribological performance of these coatings was assessed under various loads and sliding speeds. XRD, FTIR, and microhardness tests were conducted to characterize the chemical and mechanical properties of the coatings. The 1.5 wt% ceria-reinforced PEEK coating outperformed the pristine PEEK and other concentrations in terms of wear resistance. The counterface material did not affect the wear resistance of the optimized PEEK/1.5 wt% ceria nanocomposite coating, which also demonstrated superior wear resistance after UV exposure as compared to that of pristine PEEK coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Energy Storage Capacity in NBT Micro-Flake Incorporated PVDF Composites.","authors":"Tingwei Mei, Mingtao Zhu, Hongjian Zhang, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/polym17111486","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, dielectric films with a high energy-storage capacity have attracted significant attention due to their wide applications in the fields of renewable energy, electronic devices, and power systems. Their fundamental principle relies on the polarization and depolarization processes of dielectric materials under external electric fields to store and release electrical energy, featuring a high power density and high charge-discharge efficiency. In this study, sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) micro-flakes synthesized via a molten salt method were treated with hydrogen peroxide and subsequently blended with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. An oriented tape-casting process was utilized to fabricate a dielectric thin film with enhanced energy storage capacity under a weakened electric field. Experimental results demonstrated that the introduction of modified NBT micro-flakes facilitated the interfacial interactions between the ceramic fillers and polymer matrix. Additionally, chemical interactions between surface hydroxyl groups and fluorine atoms within PVDF promoted the phase transition from the α to the β phase. Consequently, the energy storage density of PVDF-NBT composite increased from 2.8 J cm^-3 to 6.1 J cm^-3, representing a 110% enhancement. This design strategy provides novel insights for material innovation and interfacial engineering, showcasing promising potential for next-generation power systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Repeated Kurome Treatment on Chinese Lacquer and Its Film Properties.","authors":"Jiangyan Hou, Yao Wang, Tianyi Wang, Guanglin Xu, Xinhao Feng, Xinyou Liu","doi":"10.3390/polym17111481","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17111481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically investigates the effects of repeated Kurome treatment-a physical modification method combining mechanical stirring and oxidative regulation-on the processing characteristics and film properties of Chinese lacquer (urushi). By subjecting raw lacquer to 1-4 cycles of hydration-dehydration (KL1-KL4), the researchers observed a significant increase in viscosity (from 12,688 to 16,468 mPa·s) and a dramatic reduction in curing time (from 74 h to just 3.6 h), driven by deep oxidation of urushiol and quinone-mediated crosslinking, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The Kurome treatment enabled controlled darkening (L* value decreased from 29.31 to 26.89) while maintaining stable hue and gloss (88.96-90.96 GU), with no adverse effects on abrasion resistance (mass loss of 0.126-0.150 g/100 r) or adhesion (9.58-9.75 MPa). The reduced transparency of the KL3/KL4 films is associated with a densified polymer network, a feature that may benefit protective coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the formation of uniform, defect-free surfaces across all treatment groups. Among them, the KL2 group (viscosity of 14,630 mPa·s, curing time of 9.2 h) exhibited the most favorable balance for industrial applications. This study establishes Kurome technology as a low-carbon, additive-free strategy that enhances the processability of Chinese lacquer while preserving its traditional craftsmanship standards, offering scientific support for its sustainable use in modern coatings and cultural heritage conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}