Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plates with Different Bolted Connection Configurations.","authors":"Zhigang Gao, Dongzi Pan, Qing Qin, Chenghua Zhang, Jiachen He, Qi Lin","doi":"10.3390/polym17192627","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites are increasingly utilized in photovoltaic mounting systems due to their excellent mechanical properties and durability. Bolted connections, valued for their simplicity, ease of installation, and effective load transfer, are widely employed for joining composite components. An orthogonal experimental design was adopted to investigate the effects of key parameters-including bolt end distance, number of bolts, bolt material, bolt diameter, preload, and connection length-on the load-bearing performance of three bolted BFRP plate configurations: lap joint (DJ), single lap joint (DP), and double lap joint (SP). Test results showed that the DJ connection exhibited the highest average tensile load capacity, exceeding those of the SP and DP connections by 45.3% and 50.2%, respectively. This superiority is attributed to the DJ specimen's longer effective shear length and greater number of load-bearing bolts. Conversely, the SP connection demonstrated the largest average peak displacement, with increases of 29.7% and 52.9% compared to the DP and DJ connections. The double-sided constraint in the SP configuration promotes more uniform preload distribution and enhances shear deformation capacity. Orthogonal sensitivity analysis further revealed that the number of bolts and preload magnitude significantly influenced the ultimate tensile load capacity across all connection types. Finally, a calculation model for the tensile load capacity of bolted BFRP connections was established, incorporating a friction decay coefficient (α) and shear strength (τ). This model yields calculated errors under 15% and is applicable to shear slip-dominated failure modes, thereby providing a parametric basis for optimizing the tensile design of bolted BFRP joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilization of Ultrafine Iron Tailings with Acrylic-Styrene Copolymer for Sustainable Geotechnical Applications.","authors":"Matheus Machado Lopes, José Wilson Dos Santos Ferreira, Michéle Dal Toé Casagrande","doi":"10.3390/polym17192624","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable research in recent years has examined the reuse of tailings; however, the lack of particle cohesion limits their application as construction materials. Therefore, this study assessed the stabilization of ultrafine iron ore tailings using an acrylic-styrene copolymer. Geotechnical characterization and polymer dosage, hydromechanical and microstructural tests were carried out, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), permeability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microtomography (μCT). The polymer effectively enhanced the mechanical behavior of the tailings, increasing the UCS from 49 kPa for untreated material to 2114 kPa and 3324 kPa for 30% and 40% polymer content, respectively. A robust power-law model (R² ≥ 0.90), based on the porosity/volumetric polymer index (η/Pᵢᵥ), was developed to predict strength, showing that mechanical gains can be achieved by increasing either polymer content or dry density, as supported by statistical analyses. Permeability remained on the order of 10^-6 cm/s regardless of polymer addition, indicating that the polymer does not fill voids but instead acts as a binding agent, as confirmed by SEM and μCT analyses. Overall, this study establishes a technically feasible and sustainable approach for tailings management, highlighting the potential of polymer stabilization to turn environmentally challenging tailings into functional geotechnical materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-Polymer Nanocomposites for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Antibiotic Degradation Review: Microstructure Control, Environmental Adaptability and Future Prospects.","authors":"Zhenfei Chen, Zhifei Meng, Zhongguo Zhang, Weifang Ma","doi":"10.3390/polym17192630","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficient degradation of antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater remains a critical challenge against environmental contaminants. Conventional photocatalysts face potential limitations such as narrow visible-light absorption, rapid carrier recombination, and reliance on precious metal cocatalysts. This review investigates the coordination structure of MXene as a cocatalyst to synergistically enhance photocatalytic antibiotic degradation efficiency and the coordination structure modification mechanisms. MXene's tunable bandgap (0.92-1.75 eV), exceptional conductivity (100-20,000 S/cm), and abundant surface terminations (-O, -OH, -F) enable the construction of Schottky or Z-scheme heterojunctions with semiconductors (Cu₂O, TiO₂, g-C₃N₄), achieving 50-70% efficiency improvement compared to pristine semiconductors. The \"electron sponge\" effect of MXene suppresses electron-hole recombination by 3-5 times, while its surface functional groups dynamically optimize pollutant adsorption. Notably, MXene's localized surface plasmon resonance extends light harvesting from visible (400-800 nm) to near-infrared regions (800-2000 nm), tripling photon utilization efficiency. Theoretical simulations demonstrate that d-orbital electronic configurations and terminal groups cooperatively regulate catalytic active sites at atomic scales. The MXene composites demonstrate remarkable environmental stability, maintaining over 90% degradation efficiency of antibiotic under high salinity (2 M NaCl) and broad pH range (4-10). Future research should prioritize green synthesis protocols and mechanistic investigations of interfacial dynamics in multicomponent wastewater systems to facilitate engineering applications. This work provides fundamental insights into designing MXene-based photocatalysts for sustainable water purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12527101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Hydrogel Composite Containing Bioactive <i>Moringa</i> as a Novel Pulp-Capping Material.","authors":"Mustafa Tariq Mutar, Anas F Mahdee","doi":"10.3390/polym17192626","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are hydrophilic biocompatible polymers that can be used as a drug delivery material in different medical branches, including vital pulp therapy. The aim of this study is to characterize the physical and biological properties of the newly developed formula as a candidate direct pulp-capping material. The hydrogel composite was prepared from natural and synthetic origins (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hyaluronic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA)) with the incorporation of bioactive <i>Moringa</i>. Different formulas of hydrogel containing different concentrations were evaluated for physicochemical (FTIR, XRD, SEM, degradation, and swelling), mechanical (viscosity, folding endurance, film thickness), and biological (antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity) properties. FTIR and XRD confirmed successful incorporation and partial cross-linking between <i>moringa</i> and hydrogel compounds. At low concentrations of <i>moringa</i>, the hydrogel formula showed integrity, scavenging activity, and homogeneity. The <i>moringa</i>-loaded films showed concentration-dependent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, especially at higher concentrations, with acceptable cytocompatibility. The low concentration of <i>moringa</i> (0.5%) may be considered a promising candidate as a novel pulp-capping agent supporting tissue healing and regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drilling Surface Quality Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Based on Acoustic Emission Characteristics.","authors":"Mengke Yan, Yushu Lai, Yiwei Zhang, Lin Yang, Yan Zheng, Tianlong Wen, Cunxi Pan","doi":"10.3390/polym17192628","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CFRP is extensively utilized in the manufacturing of aerospace equipment owing to its distinctive properties, and hole-making processing continues to be the predominant processing method for this material. However, due to the anisotropy of CFRP, in its processing process, processing damage appears easily, such as stratification, fiber tearing, burrs, etc. These damages will seriously affect the performance of CFRP components in the service process. This work employs acoustic emission (AE) and infrared thermography (IT) techniques to analyze the characteristics of AE signals and temperature signals generated during the CFRP drilling process. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are used to process the collected AE signals. And in combination with the actual damage morphology, the material removal behavior during the drilling process and the AE signal characteristics corresponding to processing defects are studied. The results show that the time-frequency graph and root mean square (RMS) curve of the AE signal can accurately distinguish the different stages of the drilling process. Through the analysis of the frequency domain characteristics of the AE signal, the specific frequency range of the damage mode of the CFRP composite material during drilling is determined. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of real-time monitoring of the drilling process. By analyzing the relationship between the RMS values of acoustic emission signals and hole surface topography under different drilling parameters, it provides a new approach for the research on online monitoring of CFRP drilling damage and improvement of CFRP machining quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Molecular Structure of POM on Processability Within Metal Injection Molding.","authors":"Thomas Forstner, Simon Cholewa, Tobias Früh, Dietmar Drummer","doi":"10.3390/polym17192621","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is based on the processing of highly filled polymers via the well established polymer injection molding process. It offers a highly efficient processing route for the indirect manufacturing of especially small and complex metal parts. In this regard, polyoxymethylene (POM) is often used as a primary binder component in MIM feedstocks due to its high debinding rate through a time-saving catalytic debinding process, utilizing the acid-catalyzed degradation of POM for polymer removal. However, thermally induced degradation of POM under processing conditions can also lead to changes in processing behavior, which is particularly important in highly filled polymers due to their already challenging processability. In this context, the present work demonstrates the impact of POM homopolymers (POM-H) and copolymers (POM-C) with varying viscosities on feedstock characteristics, their influence on the thermal processing stability, and their significance for the properties of the green parts. Within the study, the thermal degradation of both material types was assessed by viscosity measurements and thermogravimetry, with POM-H exhibiting more significant degradation compared to the thermally more stable POM-C, especially at higher temperatures. Catalytic debinding performance was found to be adequate for all materials. However, lower viscosity POM-C grades are preferred to optimize processability in MIM.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Silicone Network Formation: Bridging Scales from Curing Reactions to Percolation and Entanglement Analyses.","authors":"Pascal Puhlmann, Dirk Zahn","doi":"10.3390/polym17192619","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The curing of silicone networks from dimethylsilanediol and methylsilanetriol chainbuilder-crosslinker precursor mixtures is investigated from combined quantum/molecular mechanics simulations. Upon screening different crosslinker content from 5 to 15%, we provide a series of atomic-resolution bulk models all featuring 98-99% curing degree, albeit at rather different arrangement of the chains and nodes, respectively. To elucidate the nm scale alignment of the polymer networks, we bridge scales from atomic simulation cells to graph theory and demonstrate the analyses of 3-dimensional percolation of -O-Si-O- bonds, polydimethylsiloxane branching characteristics and the interpenetration of loops. Our findings are discussed in the context of the available experimental data to relate heat of formation, curing degree and elastic properties to the molecular scale structural details-thus promoting the in-depth understanding of silicone resins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Bioactivity of Titanium-Based Surfaces Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition by Functionalization with 3D Polymeric Microstructures Produced by Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization.","authors":"Bogdan Stefanita Calin, Roxana Cristina Popescu, Roxana Gabriela Ghita, Eugenia Tanasa, Sabin Mihai, Irina Alexandra Paun","doi":"10.3390/polym17192620","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium (Ti)-based implants are widely used for bone injuries but suffer from poor bioactivity. To address this, we propose an innovative synergistic approach that combines laser melting deposition (LMD) for the fabrication of titanium-based supports with laser direct writing via two-photon polymerization (LDW via TPP) for their functionalization with 3D polymeric microstructures. We functionalized Ti surfaces fabricated by LMD using Ti (99.85 wt.%) and TiC powders (79.95 wt.% Ti, 20.05 wt.% C), with 3D microstructures obtained by LDW via TPP. The 3D microstructures were made of IP-Dip photopolymer and comprised 64 vertical microtubes arranged in five layers (10 to 170 μm tall, >94% porosity). When seeded with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, the Ti-based surfaces functionalized with 3D polymeric microstructures promoted 3D cells' spatial organization. Moreover, the cells seeded on functionalized Ti-based surfaces showed earlier organic matrix synthesis (day 7 vs. day 14) and mineralization (higher deposits of calcium and phosphorus, starting from day 7), as compared with the cells from non-functionalized Ti. In addition, the traction forces exerted by the cells on the 3D microstructures, determined using FEBio Studio software, were of the order of hundreds of µN, whereas if the cells would have been seeded on extracellular matrix-like materials, the traction forces would have been of only few nN. These results point towards the major role played by 3D polymeric microarchitectures in the interaction between osteoblast-like cells and Ti-based surfaces. Overall, the functionalization of Ti-based constructs fabricated by LMD with 3D polymeric microstructures made by LDW via TPP significantly improved Ti bioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12527090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Photoresponsive Water-Soluble Superhydrophobic Coatings and Properties of the Modified Paper.","authors":"Shangjie Jiang, Yonghui Zuo","doi":"10.3390/polym17192615","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a highly stable light-responsive superhydrophobic paper was successfully fabricated. The process involved polymerizing the synthesized light-responsive monomer PAPAE with the hydrophilic monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA), the fluorine-containing monomer hexafluorobutyl methacrylate(HFMA),and 3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl methacrylate(TSPM), followed by grafting (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-modified SiO₂ nanoparticles onto the polymer to enhance surface roughness, and subsequently applying this composite to the paper surface. When the monomer ratio in the polymer was HFMA:TSPM:PAPAE:HEMA = 0.2:0.2:0.4:0.2, the resulting coating exhibited good water solubility, enabling the modified paper to achieve reversible wettability transitions under light irradiation. At a SiO₂-to-polymer ratio of 0.3, the contact angle variation range reached its maximum (96-156.8°). The proposed method for fabricating superhydrophobic paper not only offers relative simplicity, low cost, and strong versatility but also imparts the paper with excellent weather resistance, abrasion resistance, and ultrasonic durability, highlighting its great potential for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12527038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kelulut Honey-Incorporated Hybrid Gelatin-PVA Hydrogel for Wound Healing: Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization.","authors":"Andik Nisa Zahra Zainuddin, Raniya Razif, Aifa Asyhira Khairul Nizam, Manira Maarof, Nur Izzah Md Fadilah, Yang-Hee Kim, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Mh Busra Fauzi","doi":"10.3390/polym17192618","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for skin replacement and tissue regeneration, offering advantages over split-skin grafts for large or irregular wounds. Honey-containing hydrogels are of particular interest, combining honey's natural healing properties with the versatility of hydrogel matrices. This study aimed to develop a biocompatible, biodegradable, and mechanically stable hydrogel as a cutaneous substitute. To achieve this, different formulations were prepared using gelatin (GE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Kelulut honey (KH). The formulations were designated as: GE-PVA (6% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) GE: 5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) PVA, without KH), GE-PVA-H1 (containing 1% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) KH), GE-PVA-H5 (containing 5% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) KH), and GE-PVA-H10 (containing 10% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) KH). All formulations were crosslinked with 0.1% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) genipin (GNP). GE-PVA-H1 and GE-PVA-H1-GNP showed swelling ratios of 110.18 ± 20.14% and 86.31 ± 14.27%, lower than GE-PVA-H5 (125.79 ± 23.76%), GE-PVA-H10 (132.79 ± 20.86%), and their crosslinked counterparts. All formulations had WVTR <1500 g/m^-2h^-1, with GE-PVA-H1-GNP at 501.21 ± 41.35 g/m^-2h^-1, GE-PVA-H5-GNP at 473.77 ± 44.10 g/m^-2h^-1, and GE-PVA-H10-GNP at 467.51 ± 73.59 g/m^-2h^-1. GE-PVA-H1-GNP exhibited the slowest biodegradation (0.0036 ± 0.0003 g/h vs. 0.0096-0.0206 g/h for other groups). Contact angle was lowest for GE-PVA-H1-GNP (38.46° ± 3.89°), confirming higher hydrophilicity compared with GE-PVA-H5/H10 groups. Resilience (98.85% ± 1.03%) and compression strength (77.42% ± 7.17%) of GE-PVA-H1-GNP were comparable to GE-PVA-H5-GNP and GE-PVA-H10-GNP. MTT assays confirmed cytocompatibility across all groups. Collectively, GE-PVA-H1-GNP emerged as the optimal formulation, combining mechanical stability, hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility for wound healing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}