Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose/Silk Fibroin Composite Microparticles for Drug-Controlled Release Applications.","authors":"Suchai Tanisood, Yodthong Baimark, Prasong Srihanam","doi":"10.3390/polym16213020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microparticles derived from biomaterials are becoming increasingly popular for application in drug delivery systems. In this study, the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification-diffusion method was used to create cellulose (C), silk fibroin (SF), and C/SF composite microparticles. We then observed the morphology of all obtained microparticles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), evaluated their functional groups using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and conducted thermogravimetric analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). SEM micrographs indicated that the native SF microparticles have the highest spherical shape with smooth surfaces. With blue dextran, the C microparticle was smaller than the native microparticle, while the drug-loaded SF microparticles were larger than the native microparticle. The morphological surfaces of the C/SF composite microparticles were varied in shape and surface depending on the C/SF ratio used. The spherical shape of the C/SF composite microparticle increased as the SF content increased. Furthermore, the size of the drug-loaded C/SF composite microparticles increased when the SF content gradually increased. The significant functional groups in the C and SF structures were identified based on the ATR-FTIR data, and a suggestion was made regarding the interaction between the functional groups of each polymer. When compared to both native polymers, the C/SF composite microparticles exhibit improved thermal stability. XRD patterns indicated that all prepared particles have crystalline structures and are directly affected by the released profile. The C/SF composite microparticle at a 1:3 ratio had the lowest drug release content, whereas the hydrophilicity of the C microparticle affected the highest drug release content. As a result, one crucial factor affecting the medication released from the microparticle is its structure stability. According to the obtained results, C, SF, and C/SF composite microparticles show promise as delivery systems for drugs with controlled release.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Based and Biodegradable Polymeric Materials for a Circular Economy.","authors":"Víctor Oliver-Cuenca, Valentina Salaris, Pedro Francisco Muñoz-Gimena, Ángel Agüero, Mercedes A Peltzer, Victoria Alcázar Montero, Marina P Arrieta, Jaume Sempere-Torregrosa, Cristina Pavon, Maria Dolores Samper, Gema Rodríguez Crespo, Jose M Kenny, Daniel López, Laura Peponi","doi":"10.3390/polym16213015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, plastic contamination worldwide is a concerning reality that can be addressed with appropriate society education as well as looking for innovative polymeric alternatives based on the reuse of waste and recycling with a circular economy point of view, thus taking into consideration that a future world without plastic is quite impossible to conceive. In this regard, in this review, we focus on sustainable polymeric materials, biodegradable and bio-based polymers, additives, and micro/nanoparticles to be used to obtain new environmentally friendly polymeric-based materials. Although biodegradable polymers possess poorer overall properties than traditional ones, they have gained a huge interest in many industrial sectors due to their inherent biodegradability in natural environments. Therefore, several strategies have been proposed to improve their properties and extend their industrial applications. Blending strategies, as well as the development of composites and nanocomposites, have shown promising perspectives for improving their performances, emphasizing biopolymeric blend formulations and bio-based micro and nanoparticles to produce fully sustainable polymeric-based materials. The Review also summarizes recent developments in polymeric blends, composites, and nanocomposite plasticization, with a particular focus on naturally derived plasticizers and their chemical modifications to increase their compatibility with the polymeric matrices. The current state of the art of the most important bio-based and biodegradable polymers is also reviewed, mainly focusing on their synthesis and processing methods scalable to the industrial sector, such as melt and solution blending approaches like melt-extrusion, injection molding, film forming as well as solution electrospinning, among others, without neglecting their degradation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Ricinoleate Through Alkali Catalysis.","authors":"Sarah Cohen, Itamar Chajanovsky, Ran Yosef Suckeveriene","doi":"10.3390/polym16213016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enhanced thermal and chemical stability of Zinc oxide-based materials make them excellent candidates for the removal of odor-producing pollutants and compounds. The zinc salt of ricinoleic acid, commonly known as zinc ricinoleate, is viewed as the top performer. This article describes an innovative two-step synthesis of zinc ricinoleate, where the first step consists of the preparation of an intermediate compound, methyl ricinoleate, which is synthesized via transesterification of castor oil with methanol and catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. The second step comprises the preparation of zinc ricinoleate through the saponification of methyl ricinoleate in the presence of zinc oxide particles. XRD, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopies confirmed the synthesis of methyl ricinoleate and zinc ricinoleate. HR-SEM and AFM images showed the formation of larger particles, while the thermal stability of the materials was confirmed by TGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing EDM Productivity for Plastic Injection Mold Manufacturing: An Experimental Optimization Study.","authors":"Aurel Mihail Titu, Alina Bianca Pop","doi":"10.3390/polym16213019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical erosion molding (EDM) is an unconventional machining technology widely used in the manufacture of injection molds for plastics injection molding for the creation of complex cavities and geometries. However, EDM productivity can be challenging, directly influencing mold manufacturing time and cost. This work aims to improve EDM productivity in the context of mold manufacturing for plastics injection molding. The research focuses on the optimization of processing parameters and strategies to reduce manufacturing time and increase process efficiency. Through a rigorous experimental approach, this work demonstrates that the optimization of EDM parameters and strategies can lead to significant productivity gains in the manufacture of plastic injection molds without compromising part quality and accuracy. This research involved a series of controlled experiments on a Mitsubishi EA28V Advance die-sinking EDM machine. Different combinations of pre-cutting parameters and processing strategies were investigated using copper electrodes on a heat-treated steel plate. Productivity was evaluated by measuring the volume of material removed, and geometrical accuracy was checked on a coordinate measuring machine. The experimental results showed a significant increase in productivity (up to 61%) by using the \"processing speed priority\" function of the EDM machine, with minimal impact on geometric accuracy. Furthermore, the optimized parameters led to an average reduction of 12% in dimensional deviations, indicating improved geometric accuracy of the machined parts. This paper also provides practical recommendations on the selection of optimal EDM processing parameters and strategies, depending on the specific requirements of plastic injection mold manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Membrane for PEM Fuel Cells Using Bacterial Cellulose.","authors":"Xiaozhen Yang, Lin Huang, Qiang Deng, Weifu Dong","doi":"10.3390/polym16213017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an advantageous polymer due to its renewable nature, low cost, environmental compatibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical stability, and ease of modification. With these advantages, BC is an interesting candidate for the development of novel eco-friendly materials for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) applications. However, its practical applications have been limited by its relatively high dispersion in water, which usually occurs during the operation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In addition, the proton conductivity of bacterial cellulose is poor. In this study, functionalized BC modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was prepared using a solvent casting method to enhance its performance. The results showed that the water stability of the modified BC membrane was significantly improved, with the contact angle increasing from 54.9° to 103.3°. Furthermore, the optimum ratio of BC and APTES was used to prepare a proton-exchange membrane with a maximum proton conductivity of 62.2 mS/cm, which exhibited a power generation performance of 4.85 mW/cm² in PEMFCs. It is worth mentioning that modified BC membranes obtained by combining an alkaline proton carrier (-NH₂) with BC have rarely been reported. As fully bio-based conductive membranes for PEMFCs, they have the potential to be a low-cost, eco-friendly, and degradable alternative to expensive, ecologically problematic fluoric ionomers in short-term or disposable applications, such as biodegradable electronics and portable power supplies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Electrically Conductive Wood-Based Panels for Sensor Applications.","authors":"Ozden Beste Kocoglu, Claudia Pretschuh, Christoph Unterweger, Mehmet Kodal, Guralp Ozkoc","doi":"10.3390/polym16213026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the development of electrically conductive panels for application as emergency detection sensors in smart house systems. These panels, composed of wood chips coated with polymeric methylene diphenyl isocyanate, were modified with carbon black and carbon fibers to enable detection of moisture, temperature, and pressure variations. Manufactured via hot pressing, the panels retained standard mechanical properties and exhibited stable performance under diverse environmental conditions. Carbon black-filled panels achieved electrical percolation at a lower filler concentration (5%) compared to carbon fiber-filled panels. The incorporation of carbon black reduced the electrical resistivity to 8.6 ohm·cm, while the addition of carbon fibers further decreased it to 7.7 ohm·cm. In terms of sensor capabilities, panels containing carbon fibers demonstrated superior sensitivity to moisture and pressure changes. However, carbon black was ineffective for temperature sensing. Among the carbon fiber-filled panels, those with 20 wt.% concentration exhibited the best performance for moisture and pressure detection, whereas panels with 40 wt.% carbon fiber content displayed the most reliable and consistent temperature-sensing properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Carbon Source on Bacterial Cellulose Network Architecture and Prolonged Lidocaine Release.","authors":"Julia Amorim, Kuotian Liao, Aban Mandal, Andréa Fernanda de Santana Costa, Eleftheria Roumeli, Leonie Asfora Sarubbo","doi":"10.3390/polym16213021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) is significantly influenced by the type of carbon source available in the growth medium, which in turn dictates the material's final properties. This study systematically investigates the effects of five carbon sources-raffinose (C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆), sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁), glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), arabinose (C₅H₁₀O₅), and glycerol (C₃H₈O₃)-on BC production by <i>Komagataeibacter hansenii</i>. The varying molecular weights and structural characteristics of these carbon sources provide a framework for examining their influence on BC yield, fiber morphology, and network properties. BC production was monitored through daily measurements of optical density and pH levels in the fermentation media from day 1 to day 14, providing valuable insights into bacterial growth kinetics and cellulose synthesis rates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate fibril diameter and pore size distribution. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) provided a detailed assessment of crystallinity. Selected BC pellicles were further processed via freeze-drying to produce a foam-like material that maximally preserves the natural three-dimensional structure of BC, facilitating the incorporation and release of lidocaine hydrochloride (5%), a widely used local anesthetic. The lidocaine-loaded BC foams exhibited a sustained and controlled release profile over 14 days in simulated body fluid, highlighting the importance of the role of carbon source selection in shaping the BC network architecture and its impact on drug release profile. These results highlight the versatility and sustainability of BC as a platform for wound healing and drug delivery applications. The tunable properties of BC networks provide opportunities for optimizing therapeutic delivery and improving wound care outcomes, positioning BC as an effective material for enhanced wound management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Starch-Grafted-Poly[(Acrylic Acid)-<i>Co</i>-Acrylamide] Based Nanoclay Polymer Composite Fertilizers for Slow Release of Nitrogen in Soil.","authors":"Ravi Saini, Kanchikeri Math Manjaiah, Dibakar Roy, Rajesh Kumar, Sandeep Gawdiya, Siyaram Meena, A Naveenkumar, Anil Kumar, Salah El-Hendawy, Mohamed A Mattar","doi":"10.3390/polym16213013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen (N) losses from conventional N fertilizers contribute to environmental degradation and low N use efficiency. Highlighting the need for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) to mitigate these problems, this study aims to develop slow-release N fertilizers using starch-grafted-poly[(acrylic acid)-<i>co</i>-acrylamide] based nanoclay polymer composites (NCPCs) and investigate their efficacy for slow N delivery in soil. Three types of NCPCs, NCPC(A) (poly [(acrylic acid)-<i>co</i>-acrylamide]), NCPC(W) (wheat starch-grafted-poly[(acrylic acid)-<i>co</i>-acrylamide), and NCPC(M) (maize starch-grafted-poly[(acrylic acid)-<i>co</i>-acrylamide) were prepared and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. N-release behaviour of the products was assessed under two distinct soils, i.e., Assam (Typic Hapludults, pH 4.2) and Delhi (Typic Haplustepts, pH 7.9) soils. Additionally, the effects of varying soil moisture and temperature levels on N release were studied in the Assam soil. The N-release kinetics of the synthesized fertilizers were assessed using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Degradability of the NCPCs was evaluated by measuring evolved CO₂-C under various soil conditions as an indicator of microbial degradation. The results indicated that NCPC fertilizers significantly slowed down the release of N compared to urea. According to the R² values obtained, it was evident that the first-order kinetic model most accurately describes the N release from both urea and NCPC-based N fertilizers in the studied soils. Among the formulations, NCPC(A) exhibited the lowest N release (42.94-53.76%), followed by NCPC(M) (51.05-61.70%), NCPC(W) (54.86-67.75%), and urea (74.33-84.27%) after 21 days of incubation. The rate of N release was lower in the Assam soil compared to the Delhi soil, with higher soil moisture and temperature levels accelerating the release. Starch addition improved the biodegradability of the NCPCs, with NCPC(W) showing the highest cumulative CO₂-C evolution (18.18-22.62 mg g^-1), followed by NCPC(M) (15.54-20.97 mg g^-1) and NCPC(A) (10.89-19.53 mg g^-1). In conclusion, NCPC-based slow-release fertilizers demonstrated a more gradual N release compared to conventional urea and the inclusion of starch enhanced their degradability in the soil, which confirms their potential for sustainable agricultural applications. However, soil properties and environmental factors influenced the N release and degradation rates of NCPCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Drilling Parameters and Tool Diameter on Delamination and Thrust Force in the Drilling of High-Performance Glass/Epoxy Composites for Aerospace Structures with a New Design Drill.","authors":"Bekir Yalçın, Çağın Bolat, Berkay Ergene, Uçan Karakılınç, Çağlar Yavaş, Yahya Öz, Ali Ercetin, Sinan Maraş, Oguzhan Der","doi":"10.3390/polym16213011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Real service requirements of the assembly performance and joining properties of design components are critical for composite usage in the aerospace industry. This experimental study offers a novel and comprehensive analysis of dry drilling optimization for glass-reinforced, high-performance epoxy matrix composites used in aerospace structures, focusing on thrust force and delamination. The study presents a first-time investigation into the combined effects of spindle speed (1000, 2250, 4000 and 5750 rpm), feed rate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm/rev) and tool diameter (3 and 5 mm) using a custom-designed drill tool specifically developed for this application, filling a gap in the current literature. By employing the Taguchi design of experiments, the study identified that medium spindle speeds (2250-4000 rpm), lower feed rates (0.2 mm/rev) and smaller tool diameters (3 mm) provided optimal conditions for minimizing thrust force and delamination. These results present actionable insights into improving the structural integrity and performance of drilled aerospace-grade composite components, offering innovative advancements in both the aerospace and defense industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Screen-Printing Processes for Silver Electrodes Towards All-Solution Coating Processes for Solar Cells.","authors":"Tsui-Yun Chung, Hou-Chin Cha, Chih-Min Chuang, Cheng-Si Tsao, Damian Glowienka, Yi-Han Wang, Hui-Chun Wu, Yu-Ching Huang","doi":"10.3390/polym16213012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, third-generation solar cells have experienced a remarkable growth in efficiency, making them a highly promising alternative energy solution. Currently, high-efficiency solar cells often use top electrodes fabricated by thermal evaporation, which rely on high-cost and high energy-consumption vacuum equipment, raising significant concerns for mass production. This study develops a method for fabricating silver electrodes using the screen-printing process, aiming to achieve solar cell production through an all-solution coating process. By selecting appropriate blocking-layer materials and optimizing the process, we have achieved device efficiencies for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with screen-printed silver electrodes comparable to those with silver electrodes fabricated by thermal evaporation. Furthermore, we developed a method to cure the silver ink using near-infrared (NIR) annealing, significantly reducing the curing time from 30 min with hot air annealing to just 5 s. Additionally, by employing sheet-to-sheet (S2S) slot-die coating, we scaled up the device area and completed module development, successfully verifying stability in ambient air. We have also extended the application of screen-printed silver electrodes to perovskite solar cells (PSCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}