Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Blends with Vertical Phase Separation for Enhanced Organic Photodetector Performance.","authors":"Chih-Ping Chen, Yan-Cheng Peng, Bing-Huang Jiang, Ming-Wei Hsu, Choon Kit Chan, He-Yun Du, Yang-Yen Yu","doi":"10.3390/polym16213040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ternary blending strategy is a fundamental approach that is widely recognized in the field of organic optoelectronics. In our investigation, leveraging the inherent advantages of the ternary component blending methodology, we introduced an innovative design for organic photodetectors (OPDs) aimed at reducing the dark current density (J_d) under reverse bias. This pioneering effort involved combining two distinct conjugated molecules (IT-4F and IEICO-4F) with a conjugated polymer (PM7), resulting in a composite material characterized by a well-defined vertical phase separation. To thoroughly explore device performance variations, we utilized a comprehensive array of analytical techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) cross-section methodologies and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Through the optimization of the blend ratio (PM7:IT-4F: IEICO-4F at 1:0.8:0.2), we achieved significant advancements. The resulting OPD demonstrated an exceptional reduction in JD, reaching a remarkably low value of 4.95 × 10^-10 A cm^-2, coupled with an ultra-high detectivity of 4.95 × 10¹³ Jones and an outstanding linear dynamic range exceeding 100 dB at 780 nm under a bias of -1V. Furthermore, the attained cutoff frequency reached an impressive 220 kHz, highlighting substantial improvements in device performance metrics. Of particular significance is the successful translation of this technological breakthrough into real-world applications, such as in heart rate sensing, underscoring its tangible utility and expanding its potential across various fields. This demonstrates its practical relevance and underscores its versatility in diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Viscosity Enhancement Mechanism of P-n Series Vinyl Acetate Polymer-CO₂.","authors":"Hong Fu, Yiqi Pan, Hanxuan Song, Changtong Xing, Runfei Bao, Kaoping Song, Xindong Fu","doi":"10.3390/polym16213034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) drive is one of the effective methods to develop old oil fields with high water content for tertiary oil recovery and to improve the recovery rate. However, due to the low viscosity of pure CO₂, it is not conducive to expanding the wave volume of the mixed phase, which leads to difficulty utilizing the residual oil in vertical distribution and a low degree of recovery in the reservoir. By introducing viscosity enhancers, it is possible to reduce the two-phase fluidity ratio, expanding the degree of longitudinal rippling and oil recovery efficiency. It has been proven that the acetate scCO₂ tackifier PVE can effectively tackify CO₂ systems. However, little research has been reported on the microscopic viscosity enhancement mechanism of scCO₂ viscosity enhancers. To investigate the influence of a vinyl acetate (VAc) functional unit on the viscosity enhancement effect of the CO₂ system, PVE (Polymer-Viscosity-Enhance, P-3) was used as the parent, the proportion of VAc was changed, and the molecules P-1 and P-2 were designed to establish a molecular dynamics simulation model for the P-n-CO₂ system. The molecules in the system under the conditions of 70 °C-10 MPa, 80 °C-10 MPa, and 70 °C-20 MPa were simulated; the viscosity of the system was calculated; and the error between the theoretical and simulated values of the viscosity in the CO₂ system was relatively small. The difference between P-n molecular structure and system viscosity was analyzed at multiple scales through polymer molecular dynamics simulations and used the molecular radial distribution function, system density, accessible surface area, radius of gyration, minimum intermolecular distance, and minimum number of intermolecular contacts as indicators. This study aimed to elucidate the viscosity enhancement mechanism, and the results showed that the higher the proportion of VAc introduced into the molecules of P-n-scCO₂ viscosities, the larger the molecular amplitude, the larger the effective contact area, and the greater the viscosity of the system. Improvement in the contact efficiency between the ester group on the P-n molecule and CO₂ promotes the onset of solvation behavior. This study on the microscopic mechanism of scCO₂ tackifiers provides a theoretical approach for the design of new CO₂ tackifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Impact Resistance, Oxygen Barrier, and Thermal Dimensional Stability of Biaxially Processed Miscible Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Thin Films.","authors":"Piyawanee Jariyasakoolroj, Pramote Kumsang, Supanut Phattarateera, Noppadon Kerddonfag","doi":"10.3390/polym16213033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the crystallization, microstructure, and performance of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) thin films processed through blown film extrusion and biaxial orientation (BO) at various blend ratios. Succinic anhydride (SA) was used to enhance interfacial adhesion in PLA-rich blends, while blends near 50/50 formed co-continuous phases without SA. Biaxial stretching and annealing, adjusted according to the crystallization behavior of PLA and PBS, significantly influenced crystallinity, crystallite size, and molecular orientation. Biaxial stretching induced crystallization and ordered chain alignment, particularly at the cold crystallization temperature (T_cc), leading to a 70-80-fold increase in impact resistance compared to blown films. Annealing further enhanced crystallinity, especially at the T_cc of PLA, resulting in larger crystallite sizes. BO films demonstrated reduced thermal shrinkage due to improved PLA crystalline structure, whereas PLA-rich blown films showed higher shrinkage due to PLA's lower thermal resistance. The SA-miscibilized phase reduced oxygen transmission in blown films, while BO films exhibited higher permeability due to anisotropic crystal orientation. However, the annealing of BO films, especially at high temperature (T_cc of PLA), further lowered oxygen permeability by promoting the crystallization of both PLA and PBS phases. Overall, the combination of SA compatibilization, biaxial stretching, and annealing resulted in substantial improvements in mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and oxygen barrier properties, highlighting the potential of these films for packaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Antimicrobial Materials Based on Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride for Urinary Catheters: Preparation and Testing.","authors":"Iuliana Mihaela Deleanu, Elena Grosu, Anton Ficai, Lia Mara Ditu, Ludmila Motelica, Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Maria Sonmez, Cristina Busuioc, Robert Ciocoiu, Vasile Iulian Antoniac","doi":"10.3390/polym16213028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the constant increased number of nosocomial infections in hospitals, especially associated with prolonged usage of inserted medical devices, our work aims to ameliorate clinical experience and promote faster healing of patients undergoing urinary catheterization by improving the properties of medical devices materials. Within this research, nine different composites were prepared based on polyvinyl chloride, using three different plasticizers (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Proviplast 2646, and Proviplast 2755), and two different antimicrobial additives containing silver nanoparticles. The prepared materials were analyzed, and their physicochemical properties were determined: water absorption, relative density, plasticizer migration, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity by contact angle measurement, Shore A hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break. Structure and morphology were also investigated by means of FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses, and thermal (TG-DSC) and biological properties were evaluated. The most important aspects of obtained results are showing that plasticizer migration was significantly reduced (to almost zero) and that the usage of antimicrobial additives improved the materials' biocompatibility. Thus, based on the concluded favorable properties, the obtained materials can be further used for catheter development. Pressure-flow studies for different sizes and configurations are the next steps toward advanced in vivo and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Force Absorption, Stress-Strain and Thermal Properties of Weft-Knitted Inlay Spacer Fabric Structures for Apparel Applications.","authors":"Mei-Ying Kwan, Yi-Fan Tu, Kit-Lun Yick, Joanne Yip, Nga Wun Li, Annie Yu, Ka-Wai Lo","doi":"10.3390/polym16213031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pursuit of materials that offer both wear comfort and protection for functional and protective clothing has led to the exploration of weft-knitted spacer structures. Traditional cushioning materials such as spacer fabrics and laminated foam often suffer from deformation under compression stresses, thus compromising their protective properties_. This study investigates the enhancement of the force absorption, stress-strain, and thermal properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics with inlays. Surface yarns with superior stretchability and thermal properties are used and combined with elastic yarns in various patterns to fabricate nine different inlay samples. The mechanical and thermal properties of these samples are systematically analyzed, including their compression, stretchability, thermal comfort, and surface properties. The results show that the inlay spacer fabric exhibits superior compression properties and thermal conductivity compared to traditional laminated foam and spacer fabrics while maintaining stretchability, thus providing better performance than traditional fabrics for protective clothing and wearable cushioning products. This study further confirms that the type of inlay yarn and inlay structure are crucial factors that significantly influence the thermal, tensile, and compressive properties of the fabric. This research provides valuable insights into the design and development of advanced textile structures to improve wear comfort and protection in close-fitting apparel applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and Methods for the Production of Xyloglucan, a Promising Stimulus-Sensitive Biopolymer: A Review.","authors":"Elena O Bakhrushina, Victor S Pyzhov, Jana A Yuntunen, Alexander S Gulenkov, Shoyad D Arislanov, Ksenia V Eremeeva, Anastasiya V Belyatskaya, Natalia B Demina, Ivan I Krasnyuk, Ivan I Krasnyuk","doi":"10.3390/polym16213022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xyloglucan is a highly promising 'green' polymer that has found its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its molecular structure similarity to mucin, it has remarkable mucoadhesion properties, which has led to a high research interest in this excipient for the development of transmucosal delivery systems. Thermosensitivity is another promising property of xyloglucan derivatives, which is mainly exhibited by synthetic block copolymers such as pluronics and PLGA derivatives. Delivery systems whose mechanism of active ingredient release is based on temperature sensitivity are widely used in many medical fields, ranging from antitumour therapy to intranasal delivery. Thus, conducting research on the possibility of obtaining and using a new mucoadhesive, fully biocompatible and affordable polymer-xyloglucan-is a promising task.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of Samples Produced via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D Printing Method.","authors":"Jiri Struz, Miroslav Trochta, Lukas Hruzik, Daniel Pistacek, Sylwester Stawarz, Wojciech Kucharczyk, Miroslaw Rucki","doi":"10.3390/polym16213018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, plastic and metal 3D printing has experienced massive development in the professional and hobby spheres, especially for rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, maintenance and quick repairs. However, this technology is limited by a number of factors, with the most common being the cost and availability of the technology but also the lack of information on material properties. This study focuses on investigating the material properties of PLA, PETG, HIPS, PA, ABS and ASA in order to elucidate their behavior in terms of wear and thermal resistance. The research builds on previous studies focusing on the mechanical properties of these materials and includes wear testing and DMA analysis. Weight loss, frictional forces, and frictional work including relative frictional work are recorded as part of this testing. The storage modulus and loss modulus including tan(δ) were then measured using DMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Mechanical and Acoustic Characteristics of Halloysite Nanotube-Reinforced Polyurethane Elastomer Composites and Their Applications.","authors":"Mengchen Ge, Xiaodong Li, Xing Su, Hao Jiang, Yangwei Wang, Fei Han, Meishuai Zou","doi":"10.3390/polym16213025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyurethane incorporated with nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, basalt fibers, and clay nanoparticles has presented remarkable potential for improving the performance of the polymeric composites. In this study, the halloysite nanofiller-reinforced polyurethane elastomer composites were prepared via the semi-prepolymer method. The impact of different halloysites (halloysite nanotubes and halloysite nanoplates) in polyurethane composites was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electronic universal tensile testing, and acoustic impedance tube testing were employed to characterize the morphology, composition, phase separation, mechanical properties, and sound insulation of the samples. The composite fabricated with 0.5 wt% of halloysite nanotubes introduced during quasi-prepolymer preparation exhibited the highest tensile strength (22.92 ± 0.84 MPa) and elongation at break (576.67 ± 17.99%) among all the prepared samples. Also, the incorporation of 2 wt% halloysite nanotubes into the polyurethane matrix resulted in the most significant overall improvements, particularly in terms of tensile strength (~44%), elongation at break (~40%), and sound insulation (~25%) within the low-frequency range of 50 to 1600 Hz. The attainment of these impressive mechanical and acoustic characteristics could be attributed to the unique lumen structure of the halloysite nanotubes, good dispersion of the halloysites in the polyurethane, and the interfacial bonding between the matrix and halloysite fillers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling of Plastics in the Automotive Sector and Methods of Removing Paint for Its Revalorization: A Critical Review.","authors":"Carla Zambrano, Pablo Tamarit, Ana Inés Fernandez, Camila Barreneche","doi":"10.3390/polym16213023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of plastics in the automotive industry is increasingly significant due to their lightweight nature, which contributes to reducing fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions while improving versatility and mechanical properties. Polypropylene (PP) and other polyolefins are among the most commonly used materials, especially for components such as bumpers. The use of composite materials, i.e., a combination of different polymers, improves the properties through synergistic effects, thereby also improving the performance of the final product. In the automotive industry, PP reinforced with 20% talc or CaCO₃ is commonly used. The mechanical recycling of polypropylene bumpers is the most common type of recycling. However, challenges arise during this process, such as the presence of impurities like paint, chemical contaminants from previous use, and polymeric impurities from different polymers mixed into the polymer matrix, among others. Paint affects both the aesthetic quality and the mechanical and intrinsic properties of the recycled material. This review aims to analyze the main methods reported in the literature, focusing on those with low environmental impact. Furthermore, these methods are classified according to their capacity, effectiveness, substrate damage, environmental hazards, and economic feasibility. It also aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the mechanical recycling of plastic waste in the automotive industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Films from Glycerol Mixed Emulsified Carnauba Wax/Polyvinyl Alcohol.","authors":"Abodunrin Tirmidhi Tijani, Tawakalt Ayodele, Musiliu Liadi, Niloy Chandra Sarker, Ademola Hammed","doi":"10.3390/polym16213024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym16213024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films have drawn significant attention owing to their potential applications in various industries. The application of wax to PVA films enhanced their resistance to dissolution and water infiltration. Nevertheless, waxed PVA films often exhibit inadequate mechanical properties owing to crack formation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer in varying concentrations of Carnauba wax (CW). The addition of glycerol to the PVA/CW blend led to enhanced mechanical properties compared to the blend without glycerol. The functional group and morphology of the blends confirm glycerol compatibility with PVA/CW films. Glycerol was fully dispersed to form a consistent polymer matrix and equally improved the film's contact angle. Furthermore, the thermal property from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis highlights the plasticizing effect of glycerol in PVA/CW films, potentially broadening their use in food packaging and wrapping applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}