Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Preparation, Thermal Stability, and Preliminary Gas Separation Performance of Furan-Based Bio-Polyimide Films.","authors":"Wei Jiao, Jie Zhou, Qinying Gu, Zijun Liu, Jiashu Pan, Jiangchun Qin, Yiyi Zhu, Dengbang Jiang, Jiayang Hu","doi":"10.3390/polym17101362","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for renewable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers is growing in response to environmental concerns and resource depletion. Polyimides (PIs), which are traditionally synthesized from petroleum-derived monomers, raise sustainability issues. In this work, renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was employed as a sustainable feedstock to synthesize a bio-based diamine monomer, N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)furan-2,5-dicarboxamide (FPA). Subsequently, FPA was polymerized with various aromatic dianhydrides through thermal imidization, yielding four distinct bio-based polyimide (FPA-PI) films. The resulting films exhibited exceptional thermal stability, with 5% weight loss temperatures exceeding 425 °C and char yields ranging from 54% to 60%. Mechanical characterization revealed high elastic moduli (2.14-3.20 GPa), moderate tensile strengths (50-99 MPa), and favorable aging resistance. Gas permeation tests demonstrated promising CO₂/N₂ separation performance, with FPA-DODDA achieving superior CO₂/N₂ selectivity (27.721) compared to commercial films such as Matrimid^®, polysulfone, and polycarbonate, while FPA-BPFLDA exhibited enhanced CO₂ permeability (P(CO₂) = 2.526 Barrer), surpassing that of Torlon^®. The CO₂/N₂ separation performance of these FPA-PI films is governed synergistically by size-sieving effects and solution-diffusion mechanisms. This work not only introduces a novel synthetic route for bio-based polymers but also highlights the potential of replacing conventional petroleum-based materials with renewable alternatives in high-temperature and gas separation applications, thereby advancing environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Nanogenerators: The Role of 3D-Printed Nanocomposites in Energy Harvesting.","authors":"Riyamol Kallikkoden Razack, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni","doi":"10.3390/polym17101367","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanogenerators have garnered significant scholarly interest as a groundbreaking approach to energy harvesting, encompassing applications in self-sustaining electronics, biomedical devices, and environmental monitoring. The rise of additive manufacturing has fundamentally transformed the production processes of nanocomposites, allowing for the detailed design and refinement of materials aimed at optimizing energy generation. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of 3D-printed nanocomposites in the context of nanogenerator applications. By employing layer-by-layer deposition, multi-material integration, and custom microstructural architectures, 3D-printed nanocomposites exhibit improved mechanical properties, superior energy conversion efficiency, and increased structural complexity when compared to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. Polymers, particularly those with inherent dielectric, piezoelectric, or triboelectric characteristics, serve as critical functional matrices in these composites, offering mechanical flexibility, processability, and compatibility with diverse nanoparticles. In particular, the careful regulation of the nanoparticle distribution in 3D printing significantly enhances piezoelectric and triboelectric functionalities, resulting in a higher energy output and greater consistency. Recent investigations into three-dimensional-printed nanogenerators reveal extraordinary outputs, encompassing peak voltages of as much as 120 V for BaTiO₃-PVDF composites, energy densities surpassing 3.5 mJ/cm², and effective d₃₃ values attaining 35 pC/N, thereby emphasizing the transformative influence of additive manufacturing on the performance of energy harvesting. Furthermore, the scalability and cost-effectiveness inherent in additive manufacturing provide substantial benefits by reducing material waste and streamlining multi-phase processing. Nonetheless, despite these advantages, challenges such as environmental resilience, long-term durability, and the fine-tuning of printing parameters remain critical hurdles for widespread adoption. This assessment highlights the transformative potential of 3D printing in advancing nanogenerator technology and offers valuable insights into future research directions for developing high-efficiency, sustainable, and scalable energy-harvesting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Service Temperature on the Mechanical and Fatigue Behaviour of Metal-Polymer Friction Stir Composite Joints.","authors":"Arménio N Correia, Rodrigo J Coelho, Daniel F O Braga, Mafalda Guedes, Ricardo Baptista, Virgínia Infante","doi":"10.3390/polym17101366","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the mechanical and fatigue behaviour of friction stir composite joints fabricated from an aluminum alloy (AA6082-T6) and a glass fibre-reinforced polymer (Noryl^® GFN2) under different service temperature conditions. The joints were tested under both quasi-static and cyclic loading at three different temperatures (23, 75, and 130 °C). Fracture surfaces were analyzed, and the probabilistic S-N curves were derived using Weibull distribution. Results indicated that increasing the service temperature caused a non-linear decrease in both the quasi-static and fatigue strength of the joints. Compared to room temperature, joints tested at 75 °C and 130 °C showed a 10% and 50% reduction in average tensile strength, respectively. The highest fatigue strength occurred at 23 °C, while the lowest was at 130 °C, in line with the quasi-static results. Fatigue stress-life plots displayed a semi-logarithmic nature, with lives ranging from 10² to 10⁵ cycles for stress amplitudes between 7.7 and 22.2 MPa at 23 °C, 7.2 to 19.8 MPa at 75 °C, and 6.2 to 13.5 MPa at 130 °C. The joints' failure occurred in the polymeric base material close to joints' interface, highlighting the critical role of the polymer in limiting joints' performance, as confirmed by thermal and scanning electron microscopy analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Recycling of PLA and Its Copolyesters with Poly(Ethylene Azelate) via Microwave-Assisted Alkaline Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis.","authors":"Rafail O Ioannidis, Nikolaos D Bikiaris, Evangelia Vouvoudi, Alexandra Zamboulis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis, Dimitrios N Bikiaris","doi":"10.3390/polym17101374","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a widely used biobased polyester which can be derived from renewable resources. Due to its excellent properties, it has already been adopted in various industrial sectors. While PLA is compostable, its degradation to the environment is very slow, necessitating the development of efficient recycling methods. This study focuses on the chemical recycling via microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of PLA and its copolymers with poly(ethylene azelate) (PEAz), aiming to recover both carboxylic acid monomers: lactic acid and azelaic acid. Moreover, our method tunes the degradation of PLA via the synthesis of the novel aliphatic PLA-based copolyesters, targeting engineering-like applications, specifically in the field of printed electronics. Various process parameters were analyzed, including the temperature and the duration of the experiments as well as different phase transfer catalysts. Complete degradation was achieved at low temperatures (110-125 °C) and short times (12-15 min) for the PLA-based copolyesters, offering significant environmental benefits, as considerably less energy is consumed compared to chemical conventional methods. So, by changing the composition of the copolyesters through the incorporation of PEAz blocky segments, the ester bonds became more susceptible to hydrolysis under alkaline conditions assisted with microwave irradiation. Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis was also studied in parallel for comparative purposes, revealing low degradation rates, thus establishing the microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis as a solid and reliable method for tuning the degradation of PLA-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Composite Sandwich Panels Composed of Hemp and Plastic Skins and Composite Wood, Recycled Plastic, and Styrofoam Cores.","authors":"Ashiqul Islam, Wahid Ferdous, Paulomi Polly Burey, Kamrun Nahar, Libo Yan, Allan Manalo","doi":"10.3390/polym17101359","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an experimental investigation of six different types of composite sandwich panels manufactured from waste-based materials, which are comprised of two different types of skins (made from hemp and recycled PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) fabrics with bio-epoxy resin) and three different cores (composite wood, recycled plastic, and styrofoam) materials. The skins of these sandwich panels were investigated under five different environmental conditions (normal air, water, hygrothermal, saline solution, and 80 °C elevated temperature) over seven months to evaluate their durability performance. In addition, the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of those sandwich panels were studied. The bending behavior of cores and sandwich panels was also investigated and compared. The results indicated that elevated temperatures are 30% more detrimental to fiber composite laminates than normal water. Composite laminates made of hemp are more sensitive to environmental conditions than composite laminates made of recycled PET. A higher-density core makes panels more rigid and less susceptible to indentation failure. The flexible plastic cores are found to be up to 25% more effective at increasing the strength of sandwich panels than brittle wood cores.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Performance of Biocomposites Based on Straw Fiber Self-Reinforced Plasticized Flours of Bread Wheat Grown with Different Nitrogen Fertilization Management Strategies.","authors":"Paolo Benincasa, Franco Dominici, Francesca Luzi, Catia Governatori, Mariano Pauselli, Giacomo Tosti, Fabrizio Sarasini, Debora Puglia","doi":"10.3390/polym17101347","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has demonstrated the possibility to produce wheat flour-based thermoplastics, whose tensile properties depend on flour characteristics that are affected by wheat variety and crop nitrogen (N) fertilization management. This work further investigates the reinforcing effect on thermoplastic composites determined by wheat straw obtained from two wheat varieties (Bologna, BL; Bora, BR) grown under four N fertilization treatments differing in rate and application timing as follows: (1) always well N fed (N300: fertilized with 300 kg N ha^-1 and split into five applications of 60 kg N ha^-1 each across the growing cycle), (2) N fed only very early (N60+0: fertilized only in one early application of 60 kg N ha^-1), (3) N fed only very late (0+120: fertilized only in one application of 120 kg N ha^-1 at pollination) and (4) never N fed (N0). The finely cut straw was added by 15% (<i>w:w</i>) to the flour of treatment N300 of each corresponding wheat variety to produce thermoplastic bulk samples. We performed the analysis of straw composition, FESEM imaging of straw stems, X-Ray diffraction analysis of flours and straws, thermal analysis of straw, and tensile tests on bulk samples. The results demonstrate that, for both cultivars, the reinforcing effect of the straw was maximum when the straw came from crops grown with low and early N availability (i.e., N0 and N60+0) and minimum when the straw came from crops grown with high and late N availability (i.e., N300 and N0+120). The greater reinforcing effect of straw from N0 and N60+0 was likely due to greater stem compactness, higher cellulose proportion and higher crystalline fractions. The reinforcing effect decreased for all plasticized composites when they were stabilized for 48 h at higher ambient humidity (53% RH vs. 11% RH) before performing the tensile tests. Overall, our results confirm that plant-based materials engineering needs to carefully consider the variability of source material characteristics as affected by crop growing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible, Biodegradable, and Antimicrobial Food Packaging Film from Polylactic Acid and Biogenic Vaterite CaCO₃-Ag Hybrid.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Azarian, Kitti Yuwawech, Waraporn Tanthanuch, Tiraporn Junyusen, Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan, Wimonlak Sutapun","doi":"10.3390/polym17101345","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing biocompatible and biodegradable materials for food packaging is crucial for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring food safety. In this study, we present a novel food packaging film composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and biogenic vaterite CaCO₃-Ag hybrid microspheres. A non-solution technique was employed to prepare these films, ensuring the sustainability and simplicity of the production process. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the stability and compatibility of the vaterite CaCO₃-Ag microspheres within the PLA matrix. Cytotoxicity tests using human dermal fibroblast cells demonstrated complete biocompatibility of the films, even at high concentrations. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, which demonstrated that PLA film containing 7 wt% vaterite CaCO₃-Ag hybrids effectively inhibited both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations as low as ≤0.067 g/mL. Mechanical testing showed that the modulus and strength of PLA film increased significantly with the embedding of 5 wt% of vaterite CaCO₃-Ag hybrid, reaching a maximum of 5.63 ± 1.51 GPa and 48.07 ± 13.81 MPa, respectively. Thermal analysis indicated improved thermal stability with the addition of the microspheres. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the stability of the vaterite structure and the presence of both Ag⁰ and Ag⁺ species after embedding in PLA matrix. The composite films exhibited improved oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, making them suitable for packaging applications. These findings highlight the potential of PLA-vaterite CaCO₃-Ag hybrid films as sustainable and effective food packaging materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites Incorporating a Recyclable and a Conventional Epoxy Resin.","authors":"Farid Taheri, Shahriar Ahamed Chowdhury, Ahmad Ghiaskar","doi":"10.3390/polym17101348","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study focuses on the mechanical performances of basalt fiber-reinforced composites based on the more environmentally friendly Recyclamine^® resin (BR) and conventional and widely used room-cured epoxy systems (BE). Specifically, the study probes the tensile and compressive responses of the composites fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of basalt-Recyclamine was higher than its counterpart (464 MPa compared to 390.9 MPa). At the same time, the BR performed only marginally better under compression, with a strength of 237.7 MPa compared to 233.9 MPa for BE. However, the BR demonstrated significantly enhanced ductility reflected by its greater compressive strain capacity (3.9% compared to only 1.1%). Different microscopic analyses unveiled distinct failure mechanisms, with more progressive failure patterns observed in BR compared with the brittle fracture characteristics of the BE composite. The performance of several micromechanical models was also investigated, with their results corroborating with the experimental results with varying degrees of accuracy. The statistical analysis showed great consistency in the results, with the CoV value below 10%. Experimental results indicated that the basalt-Recyclamine composites can be considered a promising sustainable alternative to traditional polymeric resin-based systems due to their balanced mechanical performance and environmental advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Effects of Wrinkle Defects on Impact Response and Residual Compressive Strength After Impact in CFRP.","authors":"Jian Wang, Huiming Ding, Shidi Zhang, Han Wang, Yunbo Bi, Zhengli Hua","doi":"10.3390/polym17101355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has become widely applied in engineering fields such as aerospace and the automotive industries. Evaluating the damage tolerance of CFRP with manufacturing defects under impact loads is crucial in ensuring the reliable service of CFRP components. In this study, four types of wrinkle defects are designed, and the effect mechanism is thoroughly discussed, focusing on the impact and compressive response. The results indicate that the wrinkle defects primarily affect the impact response via the wrinkle fibers being subjected to impact stress and wrinkle stress concentration. Notably, the first peak contact force of the specimen with a wrinkle at the 12th layer is reduced by approximately 20.00% compared to that of the specimen with a wrinkle at the third layer. Additionally, the first peak contact force of the specimen subjected to a reverse impact direction decreases by about 14.00% compared to that under a forward impact direction. The impact direction also plays a significant role in the impact response by altering the loading conditions of the wrinkle fibers during impact. Regarding the compressive performance after impact, specimens with a wrinkling layer close to the impact surface show a slight 4.80% increase in residual compressive strength, which is attributed to the greater suppression of impact damage by the wrinkle fibers. However, all other specimens with wrinkle defects demonstrate varying degrees of reduction in residual compressive strength after impact compared to the specimens without wrinkle defects. The maximum reduction is approximately 27.50% for specimens subjected to a reverse impact direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of the decrease in the residual compressive strength is mainly determined by the matrix damage and delamination that occur during impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stacking Sequence Effect of Basalt/Carbon Hybrid Laminated Composites on Solid Particle Erosion Behavior: From Ambient to Elevated Temperatures.","authors":"Mehmet İskender Özsoy, Sinan Fidan, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Satılmış Ürgün","doi":"10.3390/polym17101349","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17101349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a research study on the high-temperature solid particle erosion behavior of basalt/carbon hybrid composites with varying ply arrangements (B₈, C₈, B₄C₄, C₄B₄, B₂C₄B₂, and C₂B₄C₂). Solid particle erosion experiments were carried out by employing garnet particles at temperatures of 25 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C, and 120 °C at impingement angles of 30° and 90°. The erosion weight loss rate differed substantially with the temperature, angle of impact, and ply arrangement. The highest erosion rates were obtained by single-component composites at 544.9 mg/g (B8, 120 °C, 30°) and 541.3 mg/g (C₈, 120 °C, 90°). In contrast, the hybrid composites were more resistant, with the lowest rate being 200.0 mg/g at an ambient temperature (25 °C, 30°) for C₄B₄. The erosion weight loss at 50 °C increased typically due to thermal softening, whereas at elevated temperatures (80 °C, 120 °C), there was some stabilization seen, reflecting the positive synergies between basalt and carbon fibers. The factorial analysis of ANOVA revealed that material type (43.17%) was the most significant factor, followed by the temperature (19.97%) and impingement angle (0.52%). SEM and profilometry analysis confirmed that hybrid arrangements lower the erosion crater depth by a great extent, affirming the improved wear resistance of balanced basalt-carbon configurations. This work demonstrates the potential applications of optimally designed hybrid composites for durability under erosive high-temperature environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}