Biomimetic Filler Strategy for Two-Step Universal Dental Adhesives Using PA-ACP/MSN: Effects on Wettability, Immediate Microtensile Bond Strength, and Cytocompatibility.

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI:10.3390/polym17182501

Yasir Alnakib, Manhal A Majeed

{"title":"Biomimetic Filler Strategy for Two-Step Universal Dental Adhesives Using PA-ACP/MSN: Effects on Wettability, Immediate Microtensile Bond Strength, and Cytocompatibility.","authors":"Yasir Alnakib, Manhal A Majeed","doi":"10.3390/polym17182501","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated a biomimetic filler strategy for two-step universal dental adhesives by integrating amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with polyacrylic acid-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (PA-ACP) into the primer phase. MSNs were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, N2 sorption (BET), and HRTEM to confirm structural integrity and effective PA-ACP loading. Two commercial adhesives (G2 Bond and OptiBond eXTRa) were modified by incorporating different volumes fractions (10, 15, 20 vol%) of PA-ACP/MSN. Wettability (contact angle), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), and cytotoxicity (indirect MTT assay using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, HPLFs) were assessed. The results demonstrated that incorporating up to 15 vol% PA-ACP/MSN maintained favorable wettability and bond strength, comparable to those of the unmodified controls. At 20 vol%, significant increases in contact angles and reductions in bond strength indicated impaired primer infiltration. Cytotoxicity testing confirmed high fibroblast viability (>70%) across all tested concentrations, verifying the biocompatibility of PA-ACP/MSN-filled primers. This work confirms the feasibility of a biomimetic adhesive design using PA-ACP/MSN in the primer phase without compromising immediate wettability and immediate μTBS up to 15 vol%. Remineralization is a potential capability that requires verification in future studies.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473806/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymers","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17182501","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study evaluated a biomimetic filler strategy for two-step universal dental adhesives by integrating amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with polyacrylic acid-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (PA-ACP) into the primer phase. MSNs were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, N₂ sorption (BET), and HRTEM to confirm structural integrity and effective PA-ACP loading. Two commercial adhesives (G2 Bond and OptiBond eXTRa) were modified by incorporating different volumes fractions (10, 15, 20 vol%) of PA-ACP/MSN. Wettability (contact angle), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), and cytotoxicity (indirect MTT assay using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, HPLFs) were assessed. The results demonstrated that incorporating up to 15 vol% PA-ACP/MSN maintained favorable wettability and bond strength, comparable to those of the unmodified controls. At 20 vol%, significant increases in contact angles and reductions in bond strength indicated impaired primer infiltration. Cytotoxicity testing confirmed high fibroblast viability (>70%) across all tested concentrations, verifying the biocompatibility of PA-ACP/MSN-filled primers. This work confirms the feasibility of a biomimetic adhesive design using PA-ACP/MSN in the primer phase without compromising immediate wettability and immediate μTBS up to 15 vol%. Remineralization is a potential capability that requires verification in future studies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

采用PA-ACP/MSN的两步通用牙胶粘剂仿生填充策略：对润湿性、即时微拉伸粘结强度和细胞相容性的影响。

本研究通过将胺功能化介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）装载聚丙烯酸稳定的无定形磷酸钙（PA-ACP）整合到引物相中，评估了两步通用牙胶粘剂的仿生填充策略。通过FTIR、N2吸附（BET）和HRTEM等手段对其结构完整性和有效的PA-ACP负载进行了表征。通过加入不同体积分数（10、15、20 vol%）的PA-ACP/MSN对两种商用胶粘剂（G2 Bond和OptiBond eXTRa）进行改性。评估润湿性（接触角）、微拉伸结合强度（μTBS）和细胞毒性（采用人牙周韧带成纤维细胞间接MTT法）。结果表明，添加高达15 vol%的PA-ACP/MSN与未添加改性的对照相比，保持了良好的润湿性和粘结强度。在20 vol%时，接触角的显著增加和结合强度的降低表明底漆渗透受损。细胞毒性测试证实，在所有测试浓度下，成纤维细胞存活率都很高（>70%），验证了PA-ACP/ msn填充引物的生物相容性。这项工作证实了在引物阶段使用PA-ACP/MSN的仿生粘合剂设计的可行性，而不会影响直接润湿性和直接μTBS高达15 vol%。再矿化是一种潜在的能力，需要在未来的研究中验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Polymers POLYMER SCIENCE-

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

16.00%

发文量

4697

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) is an international, open access journal of polymer science. It publishes research papers, short communications and review papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Polymers provides an interdisciplinary forum for publishing papers which advance the fields of (i) polymerization methods, (ii) theory, simulation, and modeling, (iii) understanding of new physical phenomena, (iv) advances in characterization techniques, and (v) harnessing of self-assembly and biological strategies for producing complex multifunctional structures.