Jenna Schafers, Caroline J. Warren, Jiayun Yang, Junsen Zhang, Sarah J. Cole, Jayne Cooper, Karolina Drewek, B. Reddy Kolli, Natalie McGinn, Mehnaz Qureshi, Scott M. Reid, Thomas P. Peacock, Ian Brown, Joe James, Ashley C. Banyard, Munir Iqbal, Paul Digard, Edward Hutchinson
{"title":"Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk","authors":"Jenna Schafers, Caroline J. Warren, Jiayun Yang, Junsen Zhang, Sarah J. Cole, Jayne Cooper, Karolina Drewek, B. Reddy Kolli, Natalie McGinn, Mehnaz Qureshi, Scott M. Reid, Thomas P. Peacock, Ian Brown, Joe James, Ashley C. Banyard, Munir Iqbal, Paul Digard, Edward Hutchinson","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56406-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56406-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle Concerningly, high titres of virus were detected in cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route of human infection. Cows’ milk is typically pasteurised to render it safe for human consumption, but the effectiveness of pasteurisation on influenza viruses in milk was uncertain. To assess this, here we evaluate heat inactivation in milk for a panel of different influenza viruses. This includes human and avian influenza A viruses (IAVs), an influenza D virus that naturally infects cattle, and recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary avian or bovine H5N1 glycoproteins. At pasteurisation temperatures of 63 °C and 72 °C, we find that viral infectivity is rapidly lost and becomes undetectable before the times recommended for pasteurisation (30 minutes and 15 seconds, respectively). We then show that an H5N1 HPAIV in milk is effectively inactivated by a comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remains detectable. We conclude that pasteurisation conditions should effectively inactivate H5N1 HPAIV in cows’ milk, but that unpasteurised milk could carry infectious influenza viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thassio Mesquita, Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos, Weixin Liu, Mario Fournier, Russell G. Rogers, Jocelyn Alfaro, Asma Nawaz, Lizbeth Sanchez, Xaviar M. Jones, Liang Li, Eduardo Marbán, Eugenio Cingolani
{"title":"Upregulated FoxO1 promotes arrhythmogenesis in mice with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","authors":"Thassio Mesquita, Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos, Weixin Liu, Mario Fournier, Russell G. Rogers, Jocelyn Alfaro, Asma Nawaz, Lizbeth Sanchez, Xaviar M. Jones, Liang Li, Eduardo Marbán, Eugenio Cingolani","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56186-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56186-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myocardial fibrosis leads to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, RNA sequencing identifies Forkhead Box1 (FoxO1) signaling as abnormal in male HFpEF hearts. Genetic suppression of FoxO1 alters the intercellular communication between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, alleviates abnormal diastolic relaxation, and reduces arrhythmias. Targeted downregulation of FoxO1 in activated fibroblasts reduces cardiac fibrosis, blunts arrhythmogenesis and improves diastolic function in HFpEF. These results not only implicate FoxO1 in arrhythmogenesis and lusitropy but also demonstrate that pro-fibrotic remodeling and cardiomyocyte-fibroblast communication can be corrected, constituting an alternative therapeutic strategy for HFpEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methylammonium-free, high-efficiency, and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by multifunctional rubidium acetate","authors":"Xufeng Liao, Xuefei Jia, Weisheng Li, Xiting Lang, Jianhua Zhang, Xinyu Zhao, Yitong Ji, Qingguo Du, Chun-Hsiao Kuan, Zhiwei Ren, Wenchao Huang, Yang Bai, Kaicheng Zhang, Chuanxiao Xiao, Qianqian Lin, Yi-Bing Cheng, Jinhui Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56549-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All-perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs) offer the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells at low cost. However, high-performance APTSCs contain unstable methylammonium (MA) cation in the tin-lead (Sn-Pb) narrow bandgap subcells. Currently, MA-free Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show lower performance compared with their MA-containing counterparts. This is due to the high trap density associated with Sn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation, which is exacerbated by the rapid crystallization of MA-free Sn-containing perovskite. Here, a multifunctional additive rubidium acetate (RbAC) is proposed to passivate Sn-Pb perovskite. We find that RbAC can suppress Sn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation, alleviate microstrain, and improve the crystallinity of the MA-free Sn-Pb perovskite. Consequently, the resultant Sn-Pb PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02%, with an open circuit voltage (<i>V</i>oc) of 0.897 V, and a filling factor (FF) of 80.64%, and more importantly the stability of the device is significantly improved. When further integrated with a 1.79-electron volt MA-free wide-bandgap PSC, a 29.33% (certified 28.11%) efficient MA-free APTSCs with a high <i>V</i>oc of 2.22 volts is achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global water gaps under future warming levels.","authors":"Lorenzo Rosa, Matteo Sangiorgio","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56517-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41467-025-56517-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources is crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies. We quantify \"water gaps\", or unsustainable water use - the shortfall where water demand exceeds supply, resulting in scarcity. We quantify baseline and future water gaps using a multi-model analysis that incorporates two plausible future warming scenarios. The baseline global water gap stands at 457.9 km<sup>3</sup>/yr, with projections indicating an increase of 26.5 km<sup>3</sup>/yr (+5.8%) and 67.4 km<sup>3</sup>/yr (+14.7%) under 1.5 °C and 3 °C warming scenarios, respectively. These projections highlight the uneven impact of warming levels on water gaps, emphasizing the need for continued climate change mitigation to alleviate stress on water resources. Our results also underscore the unequal adaptation needs across countries and basins, influenced by varying warming scenarios, with important regional differences and model variability complicating future projections. Robust water management strategies are needed to tackle the escalating water scarcity caused by global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1192"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akbar Solhtalab, Ali H Foroughi, Lana Pierotich, Mir Jalil Razavi
{"title":"Stress landscape of folding brain serves as a map for axonal pathfinding.","authors":"Akbar Solhtalab, Ali H Foroughi, Lana Pierotich, Mir Jalil Razavi","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56362-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41467-025-56362-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the mechanics linking cortical folding and brain connectivity is crucial for both healthy and abnormal brain development. Despite the importance of this relationship, existing models fail to explain how growing axon bundles navigate the stress field within a folding brain or how this bidirectional and dynamic interaction shapes the resulting surface morphologies and connectivity patterns. Here, we propose the concept of \"axon reorientation\" and formulate a mechanical model to uncover the dynamic multiscale mechanics of the linkages between cortical folding and connectivity development. Simulations incorporating axon bundle reorientation and stress-induced growth reveal potential mechanical mechanisms that lead to higher axon bundle density in gyri (ridges) compared to sulci (valleys). In particular, the connectivity patterning resulting from cortical folding exhibits a strong dependence on the growth rate and mechanical properties of the navigating axon bundles. Model predictions are supported by in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the human brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1187"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinran Qiu, Maodian Liu, Yuanzheng Zhang, Qianru Zhang, Huiming Lin, Xingrui Cai, Jin Li, Rong Dai, Shuxiu Zheng, Jinghang Wang, Yaqi Zhu, Huizhong Shen, Guofeng Shen, Xuejun Wang, Shu Tao
{"title":"Declines in anthropogenic mercury emissions in the Global North and China offset by the Global South","authors":"Xinran Qiu, Maodian Liu, Yuanzheng Zhang, Qianru Zhang, Huiming Lin, Xingrui Cai, Jin Li, Rong Dai, Shuxiu Zheng, Jinghang Wang, Yaqi Zhu, Huizhong Shen, Guofeng Shen, Xuejun Wang, Shu Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56274-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56274-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activities have emitted substantial mercury into the atmosphere, significantly impacting ecosystems and human health worldwide. Currently, consistent methodologies to evaluate long-term mercury emissions across countries and industries are scant, hindering efforts to prioritize emission controls. Here, we develop a high-spatiotemporal-resolution dataset to comprehensively analyze global anthropogenic mercury emission patterns. We show that global emissions increased 330% during 1960–2021, with declines in developed Global North countries since the 1990s and China since the 2010s completely offset by rapid growth in Global South countries (excluding China). Consequently, global emissions have continued to rise slightly since the 2013 Minamata Convention. In 2021, Global South countries produced two-thirds of global emissions, despite comprising only one-fifth of the global economy. We predict that, although large uncertainties exist, continued emission growth in Global South countries under a business-as-usual scenario could increase 10%-50% global mercury emissions by 2030. Our findings demonstrate that global control of anthropogenic mercury emissions has reached a critical juncture, highlighting the urgent need to target reductions in Global South countries to prevent worsening health and environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyuan Zhong, Ming Yang, Wenxuan Zhao, Kaiyi Zhai, Xuan Zhen, Lifu Zhang, Dan Mu, Yundan Liu, Zhijian Shi, Ningyan Cheng, Wei Zhou, Jianfeng Wang, Weichang Hao, Zhenpeng Hu, Jincheng Zhuang, Jinhu Lü, Yi Du
{"title":"Coalescence of multiple topological orders in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth halide chains","authors":"Jingyuan Zhong, Ming Yang, Wenxuan Zhao, Kaiyi Zhai, Xuan Zhen, Lifu Zhang, Dan Mu, Yundan Liu, Zhijian Shi, Ningyan Cheng, Wei Zhou, Jianfeng Wang, Weichang Hao, Zhenpeng Hu, Jincheng Zhuang, Jinhu Lü, Yi Du","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56593-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56593-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Topology is being widely adopted to understand and to categorize quantum matter in modern physics. The nexus of topology orders, which engenders distinct quantum phases with benefits to both fundamental research and practical applications for future quantum devices, can be driven by topological phase transition through modulating intrinsic or extrinsic ordering parameters. The conjoined topology, however, is still elusive in experiments due to the lack of suitable material platforms. Here we use scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations to investigate the doping-driven band structure evolution of a quasi-one-dimensional material system, bismuth halide, which contains rare multiple band inversions in two time-reversal-invariant momenta. According to the unique bulk-boundary correspondence in topological matter, we unveil a composite topological phase, the coexistence of a strong topological phase and a high-order topological phase, evoked by the band inversion associated with topological phase transition in this system. Moreover, we reveal multiple-stage topological phase transitions by varying the halide element ratio: from high-order topology to weak topology, the unusual dual topology, and trivial/weak topology subsequently. Our results not only realize an ideal material platform with composite topology, but also provide an insightful pathway to establish abundant topological phases in the framework of band inversion theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frédéric Jiguet, Asaf Mayrose, Markus Piha, Ron Efrat, Tuomas Seimola, Nir Sapir, Sami Timonen, Yohay Wasserlauf, Aurélien Besnard, Pierrick Bocher, Andrea Kölzsch, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Anne-Christine Monnet, Petr Procházka, Yoav Perlman
{"title":"GNSS spoofing in conflict zones disrupts wildlife tracking and hampers research and conservation efforts.","authors":"Frédéric Jiguet, Asaf Mayrose, Markus Piha, Ron Efrat, Tuomas Seimola, Nir Sapir, Sami Timonen, Yohay Wasserlauf, Aurélien Besnard, Pierrick Bocher, Andrea Kölzsch, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Anne-Christine Monnet, Petr Procházka, Yoav Perlman","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56630-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41467-025-56630-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1199"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian le Mardelé, Ivan Mohelský, Jan Wyzula, Milan Orlita, Philippe Turek, Filippo Troiani, Athanassios K Boudalis
{"title":"Probing spin-electric transitions in a molecular exchange qubit.","authors":"Florian le Mardelé, Ivan Mohelský, Jan Wyzula, Milan Orlita, Philippe Turek, Filippo Troiani, Athanassios K Boudalis","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56453-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41467-025-56453-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electric fields represent an ideal means for controlling spins at the nanoscale and, more specifically, for manipulating protected degrees of freedom in multispin systems. Here we perform low-temperature magnetic far-IR spectroscopy on a molecular spin triangle (Fe<sub>3</sub>) and provide initial experimental evidence suggesting spin-electric transitions in polynuclear complexes. The co-presence of electric- and magnetic-dipole transitions, allows us to estimate the spin-electric coupling. Based on spin Hamiltonian simulations of the spectra, we identify the observed transitions and introduce the concept of a generalized exchange qubit. This applies to a wide class of molecular spin triangles, and includes the scalar chirality and the partial spin sum qubits as special cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1198"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey M. Grimes, Sadashib Ghosh, Shamza Manzoor, Li X. Li, Monica M. Moran, Jennifer C. Clements, Sherrie D. Alexander, James M. Markert, Jianmei W. Leavenworth
{"title":"Oncolytic reprogramming of tumor microenvironment shapes CD4 T-cell memory via the IL6ra-Bcl6 axis for targeted control of glioblastoma","authors":"Jeffrey M. Grimes, Sadashib Ghosh, Shamza Manzoor, Li X. Li, Monica M. Moran, Jennifer C. Clements, Sherrie D. Alexander, James M. Markert, Jianmei W. Leavenworth","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-55455-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55455-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oncolytic viruses (OVs) emerge as a promising cancer immunotherapy. However, the temporal impact on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and the nature of anti-tumor immunity post-therapy remain largely unclear. Here we report that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are required for durable tumor control in syngeneic murine models of glioblastoma multiforme after treatment with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) engineered to express IL-12. The upregulated MHCII on residual tumor cells facilitates programmed polyfunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells for tumor control and for recall responses. Mechanistically, the proper ratio of Bcl-6 to T-bet in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells navigates their enhanced anti-tumor capacity, and a reciprocal IL6ra-Bcl-6 regulatory axis in a memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell subset, which requires MHCII signals from reprogrammed tumor cells, tumor-infiltrating and resident myeloid cells, is necessary for the prolonged response. These findings uncover an OV-induced tumor/myeloid-CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell partnership, leading to long-term anti-tumor immune memory, and improved OV therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}