Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Heat Treatment on the ATR-FTIR Response and Shore A Hardness of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites.","authors":"Guang Hu, Fu Ji, Yihong Yan, Xu Wang, Chao Wang, Lingzhi Tang, Junqi Wang, Weiqiang Sun","doi":"10.3390/nano16201286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicone rubber (SR) composites are candidate radiation-shielding materials, but their irradiation and annealing responses remain incompletely understood. Three predefined formulations containing boron carbide (B₄C), lead (Pb)/B₄C, or Pb were exposed to 100 kGy gamma irradiation in air and then annealed under nitrogen at 60-120 °C for 30-240 min. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra retained the same characteristic band positions after irradiation, although their normalized band areas changed. Shore A hardness increased after irradiation in all formulations and remained above the corresponding pre-irradiation values after annealing. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the SR-B₄C formulation varied qualitatively with the annealing conditions, but absolute radical quantification and assignment of a unique reaction pathway were not possible. Because filler identity, filler loading, and silicone content varied simultaneously, differences among the formulations cannot be independently attributed to Pb, B₄C, or filler-matrix interactions. Based on one independently prepared parent specimen per formulation, these results describe irradiation and annealing responses in composites with micrometer-sized fillers. They may inform future comparisons with silicone-based shielding nanocomposites under matched compositions and treatment conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Lamella Structure on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy Fabricated by Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition.","authors":"Linlin Qin, Chaofei Yang, Yuxiang Zhang, Jiajia Niu, Xinghua Wang","doi":"10.3390/nano16201285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB) was employed to fabricate AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy at laser powers of 1400 W, 1600 W, and 1800 W. All fabricated specimens exhibited a homogeneous alternating FCC and BCC dual-phase microstructure. The FCC lamellae thickness increased from 240.6 to 566.4 nm with increasing laser power from 1400 W to 1800 W, while the BCC increased from 158.6 to 285.0 nm. The hardness, strength, and ductility decreased with increasing laser power. The 1400 W specimen exhibited the optimal combination of mechanical properties, with a hardness of 337 HV, a yield strength of 737 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1185 MPa, and an elongation of 15.0%. Electrochemical measurements in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution further demonstrated that the 1400 W specimen possessed the best corrosion resistance, exhibiting the lowest corrosion current density of 3.60 × 10^-8 A cm^-2 and the most positive corrosion potential of -244.51 mV. Indeed, the strength mechanisms and corrosion resistance are extensively discussed in terms of the lamellar structure during the deposition processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Generation Characteristics and Mechanisms of Medium-Rank Bituminous Coal Under Rotational Shear.","authors":"Nannan Cheng, Xian Wang, Wenhui Yan, Mengyan Shi, Jienan Pan, Quanlin Hou","doi":"10.3390/nano16201287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clarifying whether tectonic stress directly induces coal macromolecular structural evolution and gas generation plays a key role in elucidating deep coal gas sources and coal-gas outburst mechanisms. Existing studies pay insufficient attention to medium-rank bituminous coal, which is abundant in aliphatic side chains and active functional groups, and its stress-responsive gas generation mechanism remains unclear. Rotational shear experiments were conducted on coal from Pingdingshan No.10 Mine under 12.5 MPa axial pressure at 25 °C and 80 °C with three shear rates. Notably, no replicate samples were set for each experimental condition. Gas generation characteristics and structural evolution were characterized via FTIR, ¹³C NMR and GC-MS analyses. Results show that 25 °C shearing only causes physical fragmentation, with CO₂ as the sole product. Under 80 °C thermo-mechanical coupling, low shear rate preferentially cleaves aliphatic side chains, yielding the highest CH₄ and promoting aromatic polycondensation. High shear rate fragments aromatic skeletons, suppressing hydrocarbon generation and dominating CO₂ production. This study verifies the stress-temperature coupling chemical effect of medium-rank bituminous coal and reveals the shear-rate-regulated differential gas generation mechanism, providing direct experimental evidence for tectonic stress-induced coalification and gas generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Based Advanced Thermoelectric Design: Materials Engineering and Thermal Management Applications.","authors":"Jin Wang","doi":"10.3390/nano16201277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global pursuit of sustainable energy solutions and efficient thermal management has propelled thermoelectric (TE) technology to the forefront of materials science research [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-Associated Partitioning of Oral Polystyrene Particles Between Intestinal Capillaries and Lacteals Determines Systemic and Lymph Node Distribution in Mice.","authors":"Huaiqiang Yi, Yangxia Zhang, Huijie Jia, Jiangning Chen, Zhen Huang","doi":"10.3390/nano16201278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro- and nanoplastics are widespread environmental contaminants; however, the intestinal routes governing their entry into systemic circulation remain unclear. Here, we used commercially available fluorescently labeled spherical polystyrene (PS) particles as a model system to investigate the intestinal transport of 100, 500 and 1000 nm particles in mice. We combined whole-mount imaging of intestinal villi with blood and organ kinetic analyses, mesenteric imaging and modulation of lacteal endothelial junctions. The whole-blood concentration of 100 nm particles peaked at 1 h, followed by peak liver and kidney fluorescence at 2 h. In contrast, 500 and 1000 nm particles preferentially localized to lacteals and mesenteric lymphatic vessels, accumulated more strongly in mesenteric lymph nodes and showed delayed blood and organ peaks at 6 h. Shifting lacteal junction organization from discontinuous button-like junctions toward continuous zipper-like junctions with the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 reduced the lymph node accumulation of the larger particles, supporting a functional role for lacteal permeability in their uptake and downstream transport. Repeated exposure to the corresponding unmodified PS particles was associated with lower body weight at day 30, as well as mesenteric lymph node enlargement and cellular disorganization. These lymph node alterations were accompanied by increased mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes <i>Ifng</i>, <i>Il1b</i> and <i>Tnf</i>, consistent with a local inflammatory response. Together, these findings demonstrate size-associated partitioning of orally administered PS model particles between intestinal blood and lymphatic routes and provide a framework linking intestinal entry with subsequent systemic distribution, while identifying local mesenteric lymph node responses following repeated exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perovskite Nanocrystal-Based Scintillators: Synthesis Routes, Matrix Engineering, and Performance Optimization for Radiation Detection.","authors":"Pavel M Sokolov, Aleksandr A Knysh, Irina S Aleksandrova, Alexander V Karaulov, Pavel S Samokhvalov","doi":"10.3390/nano16201279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semiconductor nanocrystals with a perovskite crystal structure, both fully inorganic and hybrid, have found broad application as scintillation materials over the past decade, owing to their high absorption capability, fast response time, tunable optical properties, and radiation hardness achievable through compositional and matrix engineering, as demonstrated in a large number of recent works. At the same time, scintillating materials based on perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are not devoid of drawbacks. These fall into two groups: intrinsic limitations-such as self-reabsorption of the emitted light caused by a small Stokes shift, and a soft ionic lattice with labile surface ligands that renders PNCs sensitive to humidity, heat, and ionizing radiation-and limitations introduced during composite fabrication, such as aggregation at the PNC loadings needed for sufficient X-ray absorption, poor compatibility between the ligand shell and the host matrix, light scattering, and matrix-induced degradation. These limitations constrain scintillator performance-particularly the light yield achievable without additional material engineering-and necessitate the development of new synthesis strategies and material architectures. The characteristics of PNC-based scintillators are determined both by the PNC synthesis route-in situ growth directly within the host material, or the use of pre-synthesized PNCs subsequently incorporated into a supporting matrix-and by compositional and functional modification strategies such as PNC doping, surface ligand engineering, or coupling of PNCs with an energy donor, acceptor, or plasmonic component. In this review, we examine how PNC chemical composition, surface ligands, synthesis route, and other fabrication strategies jointly determine the performance of the final functional scintillator, in terms of light yield, radiation detection limit, radio- and photoluminescence decay time, stability under ionizing radiation and environmental factors, optical transparency, and spatial resolution. We discuss the most problematic issues associated with these composite nanomaterials and highlight the most promising strategies for developing highly efficient, long-lasting scintillators for applications in medical imaging, radiotherapy, forensics, and quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron Nitride Interfacial Confinement of FeNi Layered Double Hydroxide Reconstruction for Durable Overall Water Splitting.","authors":"Jiahao Liu, Shitao Zhang, Rong He, Xiongfei Zhang, Yao Xiang","doi":"10.3390/nano16201280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing durable and highly active earth-abundant electrocatalysts is crucial for large-scale water splitting. While NiFe-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), their stability is often compromised by the irreversible structural degradation of their dynamically reconstructed active phase. Rationally controlling this reconstruction to simultaneously enhance intrinsic activity and structural stability remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a strategy by engineering a crystalline boron nitride (BN) interface onto a FeNi LDH precatalyst. This single interface achieves a unique dual function. Theoretical calculations and operando spectroscopy reveals that the BN nanolayer first functions as a physical corral, effectively immobilizing the in situ formed FeNiOOH nanoclusters and preserving their high dispersion to ensure structural stability. Furthermore, this interface transcends the role of a passive shield; theoretical calculations confirm it also acts as a powerful electronic modulator, inducing interfacial charge transfer that results in a crucial upward shift in the Fe/Ni d-band center. This synergistic mechanism breaks the OER scaling limitations by lowering the energy barrier for the rate-determining step. As a result, the catalyst exhibits exceptional bifunctional performance, requiring low overpotentials of just 234 mV for OER and 98 mV for HER to achieve 10 mA cm^-2. This enables a two-electrode electrolyzer to reach 10 mA cm^-2 at a cell voltage of only 1.57 V with outstanding long-term durability. This work establishes a new paradigm, demonstrating that rational d-band tuning via crystalline heterointerfaces is a powerful strategy for designing advanced synergistic electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials in Agriculture and Their Potential Hazards: A Review.","authors":"Patrycja Kabiesz, Dorota Palka, Anna Horzela-Miś, Jakub Semrau, Vinod V T Padil, Farshid Ghanbari, Stanisław Wacławek, Miroslav Černík, Mohammad Gheibi, Daniele Silvestri","doi":"10.3390/nano16201281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16201281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomaterials are increasingly applied in modern agriculture to improve crop productivity, nutrient efficiency, and plant protection through fertilizers, pesticides, and delivery systems. However, their growing implementation raises significant concerns regarding environmental fate, ecological toxicity, and potential risks to human health. This review aims to (i) summarize current knowledge on nanomaterial applications in agriculture and (ii) critically evaluate their associated environmental and health risks. The manuscript integrates evidence on nanoparticle behavior in soil-plant-water systems, including transport, transformation, uptake, and accumulation across trophic levels. Particular attention is given to key toxicity mechanisms such as oxidative stress, membrane damage, genotoxicity, and bioaccumulation across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The review also highlights limitations of current studies, which are predominantly short-term and laboratory-based, lacking long-term field validation and standardized risk assessment approaches. Emerging approaches such as artificial intelligence-based optimization and commercial nano-enabled agricultural products, along with existing regulatory frameworks, are further discussed. By integrating agronomic, toxicological, and regulatory perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive systems-level overview of nano-enabled agriculture, emphasizing the urgent need for harmonized risk assessment methodologies, long-term environmental monitoring, and interdisciplinary research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma-Assisted and Green Routes to Silicon and Carbon Quantum Dots: A Critical Comparison of Synthesis-Structure-Property Relationships.","authors":"Sagi Orazbayev, Almasbek Utegenov, Assan Abdirakhmanov, Sultan Ussenkhan, Yerassyl Yerlanuly, Didar Batryshev, Moldir Nurusheva, Maratbek Gabdullin, Laifa Boufendi, Holger Vach, Tlekkabul Ramazanov","doi":"10.3390/nano16191273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are often discussed as related heavy-metal-free luminescent nanomaterials, although the mechanisms governing their formation and emission differ fundamentally. Rather than combining two parallel bodies of literature, this review uses SiQDs and CQDs as contrasting model systems to determine which synthesis-structure-property relationships are transferable and which remain material-specific. We critically compare nonthermal gas-phase plasma, plasma-liquid, and solution-phase synthesis, including green routes, with respect to precursor activation, nucleation and growth, crystallinity, surface chemistry, purification, photoluminescence, reproducibility, and scalability. Low-pressure continuous-flow radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF-CCP) is treated as the reference plasma architecture for free-standing Si nanocrystals, while atmospheric-pressure and plasma-liquid approaches are discussed according to their distinct product forms, formation mechanisms, and technological maturity. For crystalline SiQDs, quantum confinement provides a physically defined framework for interpreting size-dependent optical behavior, although oxidation, ligands, and interfacial defects remain critical. In CQDs, emission may arise from carbon-core states, surface or defect states, and molecular fluorophores, making structural assignment and fraction-resolved characterization essential. Across both material families, reported record photoluminescence efficiencies are less informative for technological translation than reproducibility, purified product yield, long-term stability, and application-specific performance. Hybrid plasma-liquid processing, operando diagnostics, standardized optical characterization, and data-guided process optimization are identified as promising directions toward scalable and reproducible quantum-dot manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General Preparation of Nickel-Based Compound/Carbon Nanotube Catalysts for the Urea Oxidation Reaction.","authors":"Yanjie Xia, Sheng-Zhi Ma, Yi-Jun Chen, Jia-Wen Du, Chao Zhang, Haibin Sun, Ze-Xing Cai","doi":"10.3390/nano16191276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leveraging the flexibility and adaptability of hydrogen bonding, hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) nanowires can serve as effective templates and precursors for the synthesis of hollow structures composed of uniform multielement compounds. Benefiting from the mesoporous nanotube structure and synergistic active sites, the fabricated Ru-Ni₂P/C catalyst delivers low potential, high current density, and good stability. When employed for urea electrolysis, the catalyst enables a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 at potentials of 1.36 V vs. RHE. These findings offer a promising structural and compositional design strategy for developing high-performance electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}