{"title":"High-Quality Conductive Network Films Constructed from Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Nanofiber Composites via Electrospinning for Electrothermal Applications.","authors":"Hedong Huang, Hao Pu, Junwei Fan, Haoxun Yang, Yunhe Zhao, Xinyi Ha, Ruiyun Li, Defeng Jiao, Zeyu Guo","doi":"10.3390/nano14201646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite electrothermal films were prepared by electrospinning, and the effects of the CNT content and carbonization temperature on the electrothermal properties of the CNT/CNF composite films were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the conductivity of the CNT/CNF composite electrothermal film (0.006-6.89 S/cm) was directly affected by the CNT content and carbonization temperature. The electrothermal properties of the CNT/CNF positively correlated with the CNT content, carbonization temperature, and applied voltage. The surface temperature of CNT/CNF can be controlled within 30-260 °C, and continuously heated and cooled 100 times without any loss. The convective heat transfer with air is controllable between 0.008 and 31.75. The radiation heat transfer is controllable between 0.29 and 1.92. The prepared CNT/CNF exhibited a heat transfer efficiency of up to 94.5%, and melted a 1 cm thick ice layer within 3 min by thermal convection and radiation alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.3390/nano14201645
Luo Xu, Yan Li, Jianxue Fu, Luwei Shi, Chunjie Li, Ruguang Ma
{"title":"Advances in Functional Cellulose Hydrogels as Electrolytes for Flexible Zinc-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Luo Xu, Yan Li, Jianxue Fu, Luwei Shi, Chunjie Li, Ruguang Ma","doi":"10.3390/nano14201645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) emerge as leading candidates for a flexible energy storage system, distinguished by high capacity, affordability, and inherent safety. The integration of hydrogel electrolytes, particularly those with saturated aqueous solvents, has significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of ZIBs while preserving their essential flexibility. Nonetheless, challenges in electrochemical performance under specific conditions highlight the nascent stage of this technology, with numerous technical hurdles awaiting resolution. Addressing these challenges, recent investigations have leveraged the unique properties of cellulose hydrogel-namely, its exceptional toughness, tensile strength, extreme temperature resilience, stimulus responsiveness, and self-healing capabilities-to innovate multifunctional flexible zinc-based batteries. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the physicochemical attributes of cellulose hydrogel electrolytes within ZIBs. We thoroughly analyze their performance under diverse environmental conditions, offering insights into the current landscape and their future potential. By examining these aspects, we aim to underscore the developmental prospects and the challenges that lie ahead for hydrogel electrolytes in ZIBs, paving the way for further advancement in this promising field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the Potential of CuO and Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanoparticles against Novel Copper-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas</i> Strains: An In-Depth Comparison.","authors":"Olesia Havryliuk, Garima Rathee, Jeniffer Blair, Vira Hovorukha, Oleksandr Tashyrev, Jordi Morató, Leonardo M Pérez, Tzanko Tzanov","doi":"10.3390/nano14201644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four novel <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains with record resistance to copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) previously isolated from ecologically diverse samples (<i>P. lactis</i> UKR1, <i>P. panacis</i> UKR2, <i>P. veronii</i> UKR3, and <i>P. veronii</i> UKR4) were tested against sonochemically synthesised copper-oxide (I) (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) and copper-oxide (II) (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs). Nanomaterials characterisation by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the synthesis of CuO and Cu<sub>2</sub>O NPs. CuO NPs exhibited better performance in inhibiting bacterial growth due to their heightened capacity to induce oxidative stress. The greater stability and geometrical shape of CuO NPs were disclosed as important features associated with bacterial cell toxicity. SEM and TEM images confirmed that both NPs caused membrane disruption, altered cell morphology, and pronounced membrane vesiculation, a distinctive feature of bacteria dealing with stressor factors. Finally, Cu<sub>2</sub>O and CuO NPs effectively decreased the biofilm-forming ability of the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-resistant UKR strains as well as degraded pre-established biofilm, matching NPs' antimicrobial performance. Despite the similarities in the mechanisms of action revealed by both NPs, distinctive behaviours were also detected for the different species of wild-type <i>Pseudomonas</i> analysed. In summary, these findings underscore the efficacy of nanotechnology-driven strategies for combating metal tolerance in bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Size-Sorted Superheated Nanodroplets for Dosimetry and Range Verification of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy.","authors":"Yosra Toumia, Marco Pullia, Fabio Domenici, Alessio Mereghetti, Simone Savazzi, Michele Ferrarini, Angelica Facoetti, Gaio Paradossi","doi":"10.3390/nano14201643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanodroplets have demonstrated potential for the range detection of hadron radiotherapies. Our formulation uses superheated perfluorobutane (C4F10) stabilized by a poly(vinyl-alcohol) shell. High-LET (linear energy transfer) particles vaporize the nanodroplets into echogenic microbubbles. Tailored ultrasound imaging translates the generated echo-contrast into a dose distribution map, enabling beam range retrieval. This work evaluates the response of size-sorted nanodroplets to carbon-ion radiation. We studied how thesize of nanodroplets affects their sensitivity at various beam-doses and energies, as a function of concentration and shell cross-linking. First, we show the physicochemical characterization of size-isolated nanodroplets by differential centrifugation. Then, we report on the irradiations of the nanodroplet samples in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We compared the response of large (≈900 nm) and small (≈400 nm) nanodroplets to different carbon-ions energies and evaluated their dose linearity and concentration detection thresholds by ultrasound imaging. Additionally, we verified the beam range detection accuracy for the nanodroplets samples. All nanodroplets exhibited sensitivity to carbon-ions with high range verification precision. However, smaller nanodroplets required a higher concentration sensitivity threshold. The vaporization yield depends on the carbon-ions energy and dose, which are both related to particle count/spot. These findings confirm the potential of nanodroplets for range detection, with performance depending on nanodroplets' properties and beam parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.3390/nano14201642
Arjun Pitchai, Akshada Shinde, Jenna N Swihart, Kiley Robison, Jonathan H Shannahan
{"title":"Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators Distinctly Modulate Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Healthy and Metabolic Syndrome Mouse Models.","authors":"Arjun Pitchai, Akshada Shinde, Jenna N Swihart, Kiley Robison, Jonathan H Shannahan","doi":"10.3390/nano14201642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with chronic diseases are more vulnerable to environmental inhalation exposures. Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly common and is associated with susceptibility to inhalation exposures such as particulate air pollution, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In previous studies, we determined that, compared to a healthy mouse model, a mouse model of MetS exhibited increased pulmonary inflammation 24 h after exposure to AgNPs. This exacerbated response was associated with decreases in pulmonary levels of specific specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Supplementation with specific SPMs that are known to be dysregulated in MetS may alter particulate-induced inflammatory responses and be useful in treatment strategies. Our current study hypothesized that administration of resolvin E1 (RvE1), protectin D1 (PD1), or maresin (MaR1) following AgNP exposure will differentially regulate inflammatory responses. To examine this hypothesis, healthy and MetS mouse models were exposed to either a vehicle (control) or 50 μg of 20 nm AgNPs via oropharyngeal aspiration. They were then treated 24 h post-exposure with either a vehicle (control) or 400 ng of RvE1, PD1, or MaR1 via oropharyngeal aspiration. Endpoints of pulmonary inflammation and toxicity were evaluated three days following AgNP exposure. MetS mice that were exposed to AgNPs and received PBS treatment exhibited significantly exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory responses compared to healthy mice. In mice exposed to AgNPs and treated with RvE1, neutrophil infiltration was reduced in healthy mice and the exacerbated neutrophil levels were decreased in the MetS model. This decreased neutrophilia was associated with decreases in proinflammatory cytokines' gene and protein expression. Healthy mice treated with PD1 did not demonstrate alterations in AgNP-induced neutrophil levels compared to mice not receiving treat; however, exacerbated neutrophilia was reduced in the MetS model. These PD1 alterations were associated with decreases in proinflammatory cytokines, as well as elevated interleukin-10 (IL-10). Both mouse models receiving MaR1 treatment demonstrated reductions in AgNP-induced neutrophil influx. MaR1 treatment was associated with decreases in proinflammatory cytokines in both models and increases in the resolution inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both models, which were enhanced in MetS mice. Inflammatory responses to particulate exposure may be treated using specific SPMs, some of which may benefit susceptible subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review: Recent Advances of Piezoelectric Photocatalysis in the Environmental Fields.","authors":"Zhengjie Ye, Ru Zheng, Shuangjun Li, Qing Wang, Rui Zhang, Chenjing Yu, Jia Lei, Xiaoyan Liu, Dieqing Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano14201641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piezoelectric photocatalysis can effectively suppress the recombination of electron holes during the course of photocatalysis, which has been widely applied in environmental and energy catalysis. Its advantage is that when the piezoelectric effect happens, a built-in electric field is formed inside the catalyst, which improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and obtains more excellent photocatalytic performance. The efficient conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy can be realized through the synergistic effect of the piezoelectric effect, and photocatalysis is greatly significant in solving the energy crisis and providing environmental protection. Therefore, we organized a more complete review to better understand the mechanism and system of piezoelectric photocatalysis. We briefly introduce the principle of the piezoelectric effect, the existing types of piezoelectric photocatalysts, the practical application scenarios, and the future challenges and feasible methods to improve catalytic efficiency. The purpose of this review is to help us broaden the idea of designing piezoelectric photocatalysts, clarify the future research direction, and put it into more fields of environmental protection and energy reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.3390/nano14201634
Aiste Skog, Razmik A Hovhannisyan, Vladimir M Krasnov
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Vortex-Based Superconducting Memory Cells: Dynamics and Geometrical Optimization.","authors":"Aiste Skog, Razmik A Hovhannisyan, Vladimir M Krasnov","doi":"10.3390/nano14201634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of dense random-access memory is one of the main obstacles to the development of digital superconducting computers. It has been suggested that AVRAM cells, based on the storage of a single Abrikosov vortex-the smallest quantized object in superconductors-can enable drastic miniaturization to the nanometer scale. In this work, we present the numerical modeling of such cells using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. The cell represents a fluxonic quantum dot containing a small superconducting island, an asymmetric notch for the vortex entrance, a guiding track, and a vortex trap. We determine the optimal geometrical parameters for operation at zero magnetic field and the conditions for controllable vortex manipulation by short current pulses. We report ultrafast vortex motion with velocities more than an order of magnitude faster than those expected for macroscopic superconductors. This phenomenon is attributed to strong interactions with the edges of a mesoscopic island, combined with the nonlinear reduction of flux-flow viscosity due to the nonequilibrium effects in the track. Our results show that such cells can be scaled down to sizes comparable to the London penetration depth, ∼100 nm, and can enable ultrafast switching on the picosecond scale with ultralow energy per operation, ∼10-19 J.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.3390/nano14201639
Madalina Ivanovici, Aleksandar Ćirić, Jovana Periša, Milena Marinović Cincović, Mikhail G Brik, Abdullah N Alodhayb, Željka Antić, Miroslav D Dramićanin
{"title":"Nanosized Eu<sup>3+</sup>-Doped NaY<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>26</sub> Oxyapatite Phosphor: A Comprehensive Insight into Its Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural, Morphological, Electronic, and Optical Properties.","authors":"Madalina Ivanovici, Aleksandar Ćirić, Jovana Periša, Milena Marinović Cincović, Mikhail G Brik, Abdullah N Alodhayb, Željka Antić, Miroslav D Dramićanin","doi":"10.3390/nano14201639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detailed analysis covered the optical and structural properties of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped NaY<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>26</sub> oxyapatite phosphors, which were obtained via hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray diffraction patterns of NaY<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>26</sub>:xEu<sup>3+</sup> (x = 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 mol% Eu<sup>3+</sup>) samples proved a single-phase hexagonal structure (<i>P63/m</i> (176) space group). Differential thermal analysis showed an exothermic peak at 995 °C attributed to the amorphous to crystalline transformation of NaY<sub>9</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>26</sub>. Electron microscopy showed agglomerates composed of round-shaped nanoparticles ~53 nm in size. Room temperature photoluminescent emission spectra consisted of emission bands in the visible spectral region corresponding to <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup>F<i><sub>J</sub></i> (<i>J</i> = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) <i>f-f</i> transitions of Eu<sup>3+</sup>. Lifetime measurements showed that the Eu<sup>3+</sup> concentration had no substantial effect on the rather long <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub>-level lifetime. The Eu<sup>3+</sup> energy levels in the structure were determined using room-temperature excitation/emission spectra. Using the <sup>7</sup>F<sub>1</sub> manifold, the Nv-crystal field strength parameter was calculated to be 1442.65 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Structural, electronic, and optical properties were calculated to determine the band gap value, density of states, and index of refraction. The calculated direct band gap value was 4.665 eV (local density approximation) and 3.765 eV (general gradient approximation). Finally, the complete Judd-Ofelt analysis performed on all samples confirmed the experimental findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.3390/nano14201638
Wanqian Wang, Wei Luo, Sen Zhang, Chayuan Zeng, Fei Xie, Chuyun Deng, Guang Wang, Gang Peng
{"title":"Reversible Tuning Electrical Properties in Ferroelectric SnS with NH<sub>3</sub> Adsorption and Desorption.","authors":"Wanqian Wang, Wei Luo, Sen Zhang, Chayuan Zeng, Fei Xie, Chuyun Deng, Guang Wang, Gang Peng","doi":"10.3390/nano14201638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics usually exhibit instability or a tendency toward degradation when exposed to the ambient atmosphere, and the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. To unravel this affection mechanism, we have undertaken an investigation utilizing NH<sub>3</sub> and two-dimensional ferroelectric SnS. Herein, the adsorption and desorption of NH<sub>3</sub> molecules can reversibly modulate the electrical properties of SnS, encompassing I-V curves and transfer curves. The response time for NH<sub>3</sub> adsorption is approximately 1.12 s, which is much quicker than that observed in other two-dimensional materials. KPFM characterizations indicate that air molecules' adsorption alters the surface potentials of SiO<sub>2</sub>, SnS, metal electrodes, and contacts with minimal impact on the electrode contact surface potential. Upon the adsorption of NH<sub>3</sub> molecules or air molecules, the hole concentration within the device decreases. These findings elucidate the adsorption mechanism of NH<sub>3</sub> molecules on SnS, potentially fostering the advancement of rapid gas sensing applications utilizing two-dimensional ferroelectrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanomaterialsPub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.3390/nano14201640
Tetiana Tatarchuk
{"title":"Studying the Defects in Spinel Compounds: Discovery, Formation Mechanisms, Classification, and Influence on Catalytic Properties.","authors":"Tetiana Tatarchuk","doi":"10.3390/nano14201640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinel ferrites demonstrate extensive applications in different areas, like electrodes for electrochemical devices, gas sensors, catalysts, and magnetic adsorbents for environmentally important processes. However, defects in the real spinel structure can change the many physical and chemical properties of spinel ferrites. Although the number of defects in a crystal spinel lattice is small, their influence on the vast majority of physical properties could be really decisive. This review provides an overview of the structural characteristics of spinel compounds (e.g., CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Co<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>, etc.) and examines the influence of defects on their properties. Attention was paid to the classification (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D defects), nomenclature, and the formation of point and surface defects in ferrites. An in-depth description of the defects responsible for the physicochemical properties and the methodologies employed for their determination are presented. DFT as the most common simulation approach is described in relation to modeling the point defects in spinel compounds. The significant influence of defect distribution on the magnetic interactions between cations, enhancing magnetic properties, is highlighted. The main defect-engineering strategies (direct synthesis and post-treatment) are described. An antistructural notation of active centers in spinel cobalt ferrite is presented. It is shown that the introduction of cations with different charges (e.g., Cu(I), Mn(II), Ce(III), or Ce(IV)) into the cobalt ferrite spinel matrix results in the formation of various point defects. The ability to predict the type of defects and their impact on material properties is the basis of defect engineering, which is currently an extremely promising direction in modern materials science.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}